{"id":38396,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:30","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 49. Hyrje n\u00eb EIGRP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot do t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e protokollit EIGRP, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga temat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kursit CCNA, s\u00eb bashku me studimin e OSPF. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb seksionin 2.5, por tani do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb nga seksioni 2.4 n\u00eb seksionin 2.6 \"Konfigurimi, verifikimi dhe zgjidhja e problemeve t\u00eb EIGRP p\u00ebr protokollin IPv4 (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 autentifikimit, filtrimit, p\u00ebrmbledhjes manuale, ri-distribuimit dhe konfigurimit t\u00eb kibanelit)\".
\nSot do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim hyr\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin do t'ju flas p\u00ebr konceptin e protokollit t\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ruter\u00ebve EIGRP, dhe n\u00eb dy m\u00ebsimet e ardhshme do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb konfigurimin dhe zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij protokolli. Por s\u00eb pari, dua t\u00eb ju njoftoj p\u00ebr sa vijon.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e fundit, ne kemi studiuar OSPF. Tani dua q\u00eb t\u00eb kujtoni se kur disa muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb studiuam protokollin RIP, kemi folur p\u00ebr ciklet e rrug\u00ebve dhe teknologjit\u00eb q\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysjen e trafik. Si mund t\u00eb parandaloni shfaqjen e cikleve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve kur p\u00ebrdorni OSPF? A mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren metoda si \"helmimi i rrug\u00ebs\" ose \"horizontal i ndar\u00eb\" p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim? K\u00ebto jan\u00eb pyetje q\u00eb duhet t'i p\u00ebrgjigjeni vet\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni burime t\u00eb tjera tematike, por gjeni p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje. Dua q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni t\u00eb gjeni p\u00ebrgjigje vet\u00eb, duke punuar me burime t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe ju lutem l\u00ebreni komentet tuaja n\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb video, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shoh sa shum\u00eb nga nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e mi kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb EIGRP? \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll hibrid i rrug\u00ebs q\u00eb bashkon funksionet e dobishme t\u00eb nj\u00eb protokolli me distanc\u00eb, si RIP, dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb protokolli t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb gjendjes si OSPF. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nEIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll pron\u00ebsor i Cisco, i ofruar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2013. Nga protokolli i gjendjes s\u00eb lidhjes, ai merr algoritmin e vendosjes s\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsis\u00eb, ndryshe nga RIP, q\u00eb nuk krijon fqinj\u00eb. RIP gjithashtu ndan tabela rrug\u00ebzimore me pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb protokollit, megjithat\u00eb OSPF, para se t\u00eb filloj\u00eb nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb till\u00eb, krijon fqinja. E nj\u00ebjta m\u00ebnyr\u00eb funksionon edhe EIGRP.<\/p>\n

Protokolli RIP p\u00ebrdit\u00ebson tabel\u00ebn rrug\u00ebzuese ekzekutivisht \u00e7do 30 sekonda dhe shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb informacion mbi t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet dhe t\u00eb gjitha rrug\u00ebt me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fqinj\u00ebt e tij. EIGRP nuk p\u00ebrdit\u00ebson informacionin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb periodike t\u00eb plot\u00eb, por p\u00ebrdor konceptin e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb mesazheve Hello, nj\u00ebsoj si OSPF. \u00c7do disa sekonda, ai d\u00ebrgon Hello p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb fqinja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende \"gjall\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga protokolli i vektorit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, i cili studion t\u00eb gjith\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit para se t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb vendim se si t\u00eb formoj\u00eb rrug\u00ebn, EIGRP, ngjash\u00ebm me RIP, krijon rrug\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb thashetheme. Kur them \"thashetheme\", kam parasysh se kur nj\u00eb fqinj raporton di\u00e7ka, EIGRP e pranon at\u00eb pa asnj\u00eb hezitim. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse fqinj thot\u00eb se di si t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 10.1.1.2, EIGRP i beson atij, pa pyetur: \"Si e di k\u00ebt\u00eb? M\u00eb flisni p\u00ebr topologjin\u00eb e plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit!\" <\/p>\n

Deri n\u00eb vitin 2013, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdornit vet\u00ebm infrastruktur\u00ebn Cisco, mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzonit EIGRP, pasi ky protokoll ishte krijuar q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1994. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb kompani, edhe pse p\u00ebrdornin pajisje Cisco, nuk d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb punonin me k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll. Sipas mendimit tim, sot EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i rrug\u00ebzimit dinamik, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur, megjithat\u00eb njer\u00ebzit akoma preferojn\u00eb OSPF. Mendoj se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me faktin se ata nuk duan t\u00eb 'lidhen' me produktet Cisco. Por Cisco e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll publik pasi mb\u00ebshtet pajisjet e rrjetit t\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p.sh., Juniper, dhe n\u00ebse bashkoheni me nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdor pajisje Cisco, nuk do t\u00eb keni asnj\u00eb problem. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb ekskursion t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb historin\u00eb e protokolleve rrjetike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nProtokolli RIPv1, i cili u shfaq n\u00eb vitet 1980, kishte disa kufizime, si numri maksimal i hops q\u00eb ishte 16, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ruterimin n\u00eb rrjetet e gjera. Pak m\u00eb von\u00eb u zhvillua protokolli i brendsh\u00ebm i ruterimit t\u00eb derivateve IGRP, i cili ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se RIP. Megjithat\u00eb, ai ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb se sa nj\u00eb protokoll i gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '80, u shfaq standardi i hapur \u2013 protokolli i gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit OSPFv2 p\u00ebr protokollin IPv4. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, Cisco vendosi q\u00eb protokolli IGRP kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim dhe l\u00ebshoi protokollin e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ruterimit EIGRP. Ai ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se OSPF, sepse p\u00ebrfshinte karakteristikat e t\u00eb dyve RIP dhe OSPF. Kur t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e tij, do t\u00eb kuptoni se konfigurimi i EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb se ai i OSPF. Cisco p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb protokoll q\u00eb siguronin konvergjenc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90, u l\u00ebshua nj\u00eb version i rifreskuar pa klas\u00eb i protokollit RIPv2. N\u00eb vitet 2000, dol\u00ebn versione t\u00eb treta OSPF, RIPng dhe EIGRPv6, t\u00eb cilat mb\u00ebshtetnin protokollin IPv6. Bota po i afrohet gradualisht kalimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb IPv6, dhe zhvilluesit e protokolleve t\u00eb rutas d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb gati p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse e mbani mend, ne studiuam se kur zgjidhet ruga optimale nga RIP, si nj\u00eb protokoll me vektor t\u00eb larg\u00ebsis\u00eb, udh\u00ebhiqet vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb kriter \u2014 numri minimal i hopave, ose distanca minimale deri n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e destinacionit. K\u00ebshtu, routeri R1 do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb drejt routerit R3, pavar\u00ebsisht se shpejt\u00ebsia n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 64 kbit\/s \u2014 shum\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se shpejt\u00ebsia n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn R1-R2-R3, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 1544 kbit\/s. Protokolli RIP do ta konsideroj\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e ngadalshme me nj\u00eb hop si optimale, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t'i jap\u00eb prioritet rrug\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb me dy hopa. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nOSPF do t\u00eb studioj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit dhe do t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur me routerin R3 duke p\u00ebrdorur rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes routerit R2 si m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebn. Si metrik\u00eb, RIP p\u00ebrdor numrin e hopave, nd\u00ebrsa metrika e OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb kostoja, e cila n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve \u00ebsht\u00eb proporcionale me kapacitetin e kanalit. <\/p>\n

EIGRP gjithashtu orienton n\u00eb koston e rrug\u00ebs, megjithat\u00eb metrika e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar se ajo e OSPF dhe mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kapacitetin Bandwidth, vones\u00ebn Delay, besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb Reliability, ngarkes\u00ebn Loading dhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb paket\u00ebs MTU. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb nyje \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngarkuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb tjerat, EIGRP do t\u00eb analizoj\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn e t\u00ebr\u00eb rrug\u00ebs dhe do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje tjet\u00ebr me ngarkes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kursin CCNA ne do t\u00eb marrim parasysh vet\u00ebm faktor\u00ebt e formimit t\u00eb metrik\u00ebs, si Bandwidth dhe Delay, dhe k\u00ebto do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb formul\u00ebn e metrik\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nProtokolli i distanc\u00ebs s\u00eb vektorit RIP p\u00ebrdor dy koncepte: distanca dhe drejtim. N\u00ebse kemi 3 router\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb nga ta \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin 20.0.0.0, at\u00ebher\u00eb zgjedhja do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb distanc\u00ebn \u2013 k\u00ebto jan\u00eb hopet, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast 1 hop, dhe drejtimin, pra rrug\u00ebn \u2013 sip\u00ebr ose posht\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e trafikut. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, RIP p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim periodik t\u00eb informacionit, duke d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb ruterimi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin \u00e7do 30 sekonda. Ky p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim kryen dy funksione. E para \u2013 p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi n\u00eb vet\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruterimit, e dyta \u2013 kontrollimi i jet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb fqinjit. N\u00ebse pajisja nuk merr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs ose informacion t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn nga fqinj n\u00eb 30 sekonda, ajo e kupton se rruga drejt fqinjit nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb. Routeri d\u00ebrgon p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin \u00e7do 30 sekonda p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse fqinjit \u00ebsht\u00eb ende \"i gjall\u00eb\" dhe n\u00ebse rruga ende \u00ebsht\u00eb e vlefshme. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar ciklet e ruterimit p\u00ebrdoren teknologji Split Horizon. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi nuk d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb at\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe nga e cila erdhi. Teknologjia e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr parandalimin e cikleve \u00ebsht\u00eb Route Poison. N\u00ebse lidhja me rrjetin e paraqitur n\u00eb imazh 20.0.0.0 nd\u00ebrpritet, routeri, t\u00eb cilit ai ishte lidhur, d\u00ebrgon fqinj\u00ebve nj\u00eb \"rrug\u00eb t\u00eb helmuar\", n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn njofton se ky rrjet tani \u00ebsht\u00eb i arritsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 16 hopa, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb praktikisht jo i arritsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu funksionon protokolli RIP.<\/p>\n

Si si funksionon EIGRP? N\u00ebse e mbani mend nga leksionet p\u00ebr OSPF, ky protokoll kryen tre funksione: krijon fqinj\u00ebsie, p\u00ebrmes LSA rifreskon baz\u00ebn e LSDB sipas ndryshimeve n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit dhe ndleton tabel\u00ebn e rutimit. Krijimi i fqinj\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb mjaft e komplikuar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor shum\u00eb parametra. P\u00ebr shembull, kontrollimi dhe ndryshimi i lidhjes 2WAY - disa lidhje mbeten n\u00eb gjendje dyanshore, disa kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen FULL. Ndryshe nga OSPF, n\u00eb protokollin EIGRP kjo nuk ndodh - ai kontrollon vet\u00ebm 4 parametra. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi OSPF, ky protokoll d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh Hello \u00e7do 10 sekonda, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb 4 parametra. I pari \u00ebsht\u00eb kriteri i autentikimit, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb konfiguruar paraprakisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet me t\u00eb cilat krijohet fqinj\u00ebsia duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt parametra autentikimi.<\/p>\n

Parametri i dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb e pajisjeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur fqinj\u00ebsin\u00eb sipas protokollit EIGRP, t\u00eb dy pajisjet duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin num\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemit autonom. Parametri i tret\u00eb sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar q\u00eb mesazhet Hello d\u00ebrgohen nga nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP burimore t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Parametri i kat\u00ebrt p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e variableve t\u00eb koeficient\u00ebve K-Values. Protokolli EIRGP p\u00ebrdor 5 koeficient\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb nga K1 n\u00eb K5. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, kur vlera K=0, parametrat injorohen, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebse K=1, ata p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb formul\u00ebn p\u00ebr llogaritjen e metrik\u00ebs. Prandaj, vlerat K1-5 p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen. N\u00eb kursin CCNA do t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb vlerat e k\u00ebtyre koeficient\u00ebve si parazgjedhje: K1 dhe K3 jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta me 1, nd\u00ebrsa K2, K4 dhe K5 jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta me 0.<\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00ebse k\u00ebto 4 parametra p\u00ebrputhen, EIGRP vendos marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie fqinj\u00ebsie dhe pajisjet e regjistrojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e fqinj\u00ebve. M\u00eb pas, b\u00ebhen ndryshime n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e topologjis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb gjitha mesazhet Hello d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP multicast 224.0.0.10, dhe azhurnimet, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb konfigurimit, d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb adresat unicast t\u00eb fqinj\u00ebve ose n\u00eb adres\u00ebn multicast. Ky azhurnim nuk vjen p\u00ebrmes UDP ose TCP, por p\u00ebrdor protokollin e quajtur RTP, Protokolli i Transportit t\u00eb Besuesh\u00ebm, ose \"protokolli i transportit t\u00eb besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb\". Ky protokoll kontrollon n\u00ebse fqinj\u00ebt kan\u00eb marr\u00eb azhurnimin dhe, si\u00e7 sugjeron emri i tij, funksioni kryesor i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e komunikimit. N\u00ebse azhurnimi nuk arrin te fqinj\u00ebt, d\u00ebrgesa do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet derisa ata ta marrin. N\u00eb OSPF, mekanizmi p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar pajisjen marr\u00ebse mungon, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb sistemi nuk e di n\u00ebse pajisjet fqinje mor\u00ebn azhurnimin apo jo.
\nN\u00ebse e mbani mend, RIP d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjetit \u00e7do 30 sekonda. EIGRP e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse nj\u00eb pajisje e re shfaqet n\u00eb rrjet ose ndodhin ndonj\u00eb ndryshim. N\u00ebse topologjia e n\u00ebnrrjetit ka ndryshuar, protokolli do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim, por jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e topologjis\u00eb, ve\u00e7se regjistrimin me k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjet ka ndryshuar, vet\u00ebm topologjia e saj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet. Kjo duket si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim i pjessh\u00ebm q\u00eb ndodh kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e dini, OSPF d\u00ebrgon LSA \u00e7do 30 minuta pa marr\u00eb parasysh n\u00ebse ka ndodhur ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb rrjet. EIGRP nuk do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kohe derisa t\u00eb ndodhin ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb rrjet. Prandaj, EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb eficient se OSPF.<\/p>\n

Pas shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb paketeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimeve midis routers, ndodh faza e tret\u00eb \u2013 formimi i tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb routingut n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb metrik\u00ebs, e cila llogaritet sipas formul\u00ebs s\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb figur\u00eb. Ajo llogarit kostot dhe n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kostoje merr nj\u00eb vendim.
\nSupozoni q\u00eb R1 d\u00ebrgoi Hello te routeri R2, dhe ai i d\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri Hello routerit R1. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha parametrat p\u00ebrputhen, routerat krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsie. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb, R2 regjistron informacionin rreth routerit R1, nd\u00ebrsa R1 krijon nj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr p\u00ebr R2. Pas k\u00ebsaj, routeri R1 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim n\u00eb rrjetin e lidhur me t\u00eb 10.1.1.0\/24. N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebzimit, kjo shfaqet si informacion mbi IP adres\u00ebn e rrjetit, nd\u00ebrfaqen e routerit q\u00eb mund\u00ebson lidhjen me t\u00eb, dhe kostot e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqe. N\u00ebse e kujtoni, kostoja e EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb 90, dhe pastaj tregohet vlera e distanc\u00ebs Distance value, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb von\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPlot\u00ebsisht, formula e metrik\u00ebs duket shum\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar, pasi p\u00ebrfshin vlera t\u00eb koeficent\u00ebve K dhe transformime t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb faqen e Cisco, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar forma e plot\u00eb e formul\u00ebs, megjithat\u00eb n\u00ebse b\u00ebni z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e vlerave t\u00eb koeficent\u00ebve t\u00eb paracaktuar, ajo transformohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb - metrika do t\u00eb jet\u00eb (bandwidth + Delay) * 256.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshtuar t\u00eb formul\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur metrik\u00ebn, ku kapaciteti n\u00eb kilobit \u00ebsht\u00eb 107, i ndar\u00eb me kapacitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqeve q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit least-bandwidth, nd\u00ebrsa vonesa cumulative-delay \u00ebsht\u00eb vonesa totale n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit. <\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb studimit t\u00eb EIGRP, ne duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb kat\u00ebr definicione: Feasible Distance (distanca e mundshme), Reported Distance (distanca e raportuar), Successor (ruter fqinj me kostumin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit) dhe Feasible Successor (ruter fqinj rezerv\u00eb). P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thon\u00eb k\u00ebto, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e m\u00ebposhtme t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me krijimin e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb routing R1 me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00eb rrjetin 10.1.1.0\/24. Pran\u00eb secilit prej pajisjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar kapaciteti n\u00eb kbit\/s dhe vonesa n\u00eb ms. Ne p\u00ebrdorim nd\u00ebrfaqet GigabitEthernet me kapacitet 100 Mbit\/s, ose 1000000 kbit\/s, nd\u00ebrfaqet FastEthernet me shpejt\u00ebsi 100000 kbit\/s, Ethernet me shpejt\u00ebsi 10000 kbit\/s dhe nd\u00ebrfaqen serike me shpejt\u00ebsi 1544 kbit\/s. K\u00ebto vlera mund t\u00eb merren duke par\u00eb karakteristikat e nd\u00ebrfaqeve fizike t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme n\u00eb konfigurimin e router-it.
\nKapaciteti i nd\u00ebrfaqeve seriale n\u00eb parazgjedhje \u00ebsht\u00eb 1544 kbit\/s, dhe edhe n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb linj\u00eb 64 kbit\/s, kapaciteti do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb 1544 kbit\/s. Prandaj, si administrator rrjeti, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb siguroheni se po p\u00ebrdorni vler\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb bandwidth. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe specifike, mund ta caktoni at\u00eb me komand\u00ebn bandwidth, dhe me komand\u00ebn delay mund t\u00eb ndryshoni vler\u00ebn e vones\u00ebs n\u00eb parazgjedhje. Nuk keni nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheni p\u00ebr vlerat e parazgjedhura t\u00eb bandwidth p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet GigabitEthernet ose Ethernet, por duhet t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm kur zgjidhni shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e linj\u00ebs n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe serike. <\/p>\n

Kujdesi q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb vonesa \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur sikur n\u00eb milisekonda ms, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mikrosekonda, vet\u00ebm se nuk e kam shkronj\u00ebn \u03bc p\u00ebr sh\u00ebnimin e duhur t\u00eb mikrosekondave \u03bcs. <\/p>\n

Keni kujdes n\u00eb rrethanat e m\u00ebposhtme. N\u00ebse jepni komand\u00ebn show interface g0\/0, sistemi do t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb vones\u00ebn n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda, e jo thjesht n\u00eb mikrosekonda. <\/p>\n

Do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb videon tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb i kushtohet konfigurat\u00ebs EIGRP, p\u00ebr momentin mbani mend se kur futni vlerat e vones\u00ebs n\u00eb formul\u00eb 100 \u03bcs nga skema b\u00ebhet 10, pasi formula p\u00ebrdor dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda, e jo nj\u00ebsit\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb skem\u00eb do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoj me pika t\u00eb kuqe nd\u00ebrfaqet q\u00eb lidhen me kapacitetet dhe vonesat e paraqitura. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nS\u00eb pari, na nevojitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb distanc\u00ebn e mundshme t\u00eb Feasible Distance. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb metrika FD, e cila llogaritet me formul\u00eb. P\u00ebr seksionin nga R5 n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm, na nevojitet t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb 107 me 106, dhe si rezultat do t\u00eb marrim 10. M\u00eb pas, k\u00ebtij vler\u00eb bandwidth na nevojitet t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb vones\u00ebn, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me 1, sepse kemi 10 mikrosekonda, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb. Vlera e marr\u00eb 11 duhet t\u00eb shum\u00ebzohet me 256, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb metrika do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb 2816. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi FD p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

Kjo vler\u00eb routeri R5 do t'i d\u00ebrgohet routerit R2, dhe p\u00ebr R2, do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet distanca e shpallur Reported Distance, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb vlera q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb raportuar nga fqinj\u00ebt. K\u00ebshtu, distanca e shpallur RD p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me distanc\u00ebn e mundshme FD t\u00eb pajisjes q\u00eb e shpalli at\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Routeri R2 kryen llogaritjet FD p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tij, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ndan 107 me 105 dhe merr 100. M\u00eb pas ai shton n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vler\u00eb shum\u00ebn e vonesave n\u00eb rrug\u00eb deri te rrjeti i jasht\u00ebm: vones\u00ebn R5, e barabart\u00eb me nj\u00ebqind mikrosekonda, dhe vones\u00ebn e tij, e barabart\u00eb me dhjet\u00ebqind. Vonesa totale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 11 nj\u00ebqind mikrosekonda. E shtojm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb qindshin\u00eb e marr\u00eb dhe marrim 111, e shum\u00ebzojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vler\u00eb me 256 dhe marrim vler\u00ebn FD=28416. Po ashtu veprohet edhe nga routeri R3, i cili merr pas llogaritjeve vler\u00ebn FD=281856. Routeri R4 llogarit vler\u00ebn FD=3072 dhe e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb te R1 si RD. <\/p>\n

Vini re, se ruteri R1 n\u00eb llogaritjen e FD p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb formul\u00eb jo band\u00eb t\u00eb tij 1000000 kbit\/s, por band\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb ruteri R2, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 100000 kbit\/s, sepse n\u00eb formul\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithmon\u00eb band\u00eb minimale e nd\u00ebrfaqes q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt rrjetit 10.1.1.0\/24 ndodhen ruteri R2 dhe R5, por pasi band\u00eb e ruteri t\u00eb pest\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe, n\u00eb formul\u00eb merret vlera m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e band\u00ebs nga ruteri R2. Shtesa totale n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn R1-R2-R5 \u00ebsht\u00eb 1+10+1 (dhjet\u00eb) = 12, kapaciteti i referenc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb 100, dhe shuma e k\u00ebtyre numrave, e shum\u00ebzuar me 256, do t\u00eb jap\u00eb vler\u00ebn FD=30976. <\/p>\n

Pra ndaj, t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet llogarit\u00ebn FD t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb tyre, dhe routeri R1 ka 3 rrug\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e cakut. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb rrug\u00ebt R1-R2, R1-R3 dhe R1-R4. Routeri zgjedh vler\u00ebn minimale t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs s\u00eb mundshme FD, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 30976 \u2013 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga q\u00eb \u00e7on te routeri R2. Ky router b\u00ebhet Successor, ose \"pasardh\u00ebs\". N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routing-ut gjithashtu p\u00ebrcaktohet Feasible Successor (pasardh\u00ebsi rezerv\u00eb) \u2013 kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes mes R1 dhe Successor, rruga do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes routerit rezerv\u00eb Feasible Successor.<\/p>\n

Feasible Successors caktohet sipas nj\u00eb rregulli t\u00eb vet\u00ebm: distanca e shpallur RD e k\u00ebtij routeri duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl se FD e routerit n\u00eb segmentin drejt Successor-it. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, R1-R2 ka FD=30976, RD n\u00eb segmentin R1-R3 \u00ebsht\u00eb 281856, nd\u00ebrsa RD n\u00eb segmentin R1-R4 \u00ebsht\u00eb 3072. Pasi 3072 < 30976, routeri R4 zgjidhet si Feasible Successor. <\/p>\n

Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rast se nd\u00ebrpritet lidhja n\u00eb segmentin e rrjetit R1-R2, trafiku n\u00eb rrjetin 10.1.1.0\/24 do t\u00eb drejtohet p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs R1-R4-R5. Nd\u00ebrrimi i rrug\u00ebs me RIP zgjat disa dhjet\u00ebra sekonda, me OSPF \u2013 disa sekonda, nd\u00ebrsa me EIGRP ndodh menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr e EIGRP n\u00eb krahasim me protokollet e tjera t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse nd\u00ebrpritet lidhja me Successor dhe Feasible Successor n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb? N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, EIGRP aktivizon algoritmin DUAL, i cili mund t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kandidati t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. Kjo mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb disa sekonda, gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs EIGRP do t\u00eb gjej\u00eb nj\u00eb fqinj tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar trafikun dhe do t\u00eb vendos\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tij n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs. Pas k\u00ebsaj, protokolli do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr sigurimin e rrug\u00ebtimit. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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