{"id":38396,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:30","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-49-vvedenie-v-eigrp","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 49. Hyrje n\u00eb EIGRP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot tani do t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e protokollit EIGRP, i cili, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me studimin e OSPF, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga temat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kursit CCNA. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb seksionin 2.5, por tani menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas seksionit 2.4 do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb seksionin 2.6 \"Konfigurimi, verifikimi dhe troubleshooting i EIGRP p\u00ebr protokollin IPv4 (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 autentikimit, filtrimit, sintetizimit manual, shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe konfigurimit t\u00eb stub).\"
\nSot do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim hyr\u00ebs, ku do t'ju tregoj p\u00ebr konceptin e protokollit EIGRP t\u00eb avancuar p\u00ebr ruter\u00ebt, dhe n\u00eb dy m\u00ebsimet e ardhshme do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb konfigurimin dhe troubleshooting-un e funksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij protokolli. Por s\u00eb pari, dua t\u00eb ndaj me ju k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb disa m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb fundit kemi studiuar OSPF-in. Tani dua q\u00eb t\u00eb kujtoni se kur disa muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb studionim protokollin RIP, flisnim p\u00ebr ciklet e rrug\u00ebve Loop dhe teknologjit\u00eb q\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb ciklimin e trafikut. Si mund t\u00eb parandaloni shfaqjen e cikleve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve kur p\u00ebrdorni OSPF? A mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren metoda t\u00eb tilla si \"helmimi i rrug\u00ebs\" Route Poison ose \"horizonti i ndar\u00eb\" Split Horizon p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb? K\u00ebto jan\u00eb pyetje q\u00eb ju duhet t'i p\u00ebrgjigjeni vet\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni burime t\u00eb tjera tematike, por gjeni p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje. Dua q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni t\u00eb gjeni p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebrmes pun\u00ebs me burime t\u00eb ndryshme dhe ju lutem lini komentet tuaja posht\u00eb k\u00ebtij videoje, q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shoh sa nga nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e mi e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb EIGRP? Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll hibrid i rrug\u00ebs, q\u00eb kombinon funksionet e gjithanshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb protokolli me distanc\u00eb vektoriale, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb RIP, dhe t\u00eb protokollit t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit si OSPF. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nEIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll pron\u00ebsor i Cisco, i cili u b\u00eb publik n\u00eb vitin 2013. Nga protokolli i ndjekjes s\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit, ai ka marr\u00eb algoritmin p\u00ebr vendosjen e fqinj\u00ebsive, ndryshe nga RIP, i cili nuk krijon fqinj\u00ebsi. RIP gjithashtu ndan tabela rrug\u00ebsh me pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb protokollit, megjithat\u00eb OSPF formon fqinj\u00ebsi para se t\u00eb filloj\u00eb nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb till\u00eb. E nj\u00ebjta m\u00ebnyr\u00eb funksionon dhe EIGRP.<\/p>\n

Protokolli RIP \u00e7do 30 sekonda kryen p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime periodike t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb ruterit dhe d\u00ebrgon informacionin p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet dhe t\u00eb gjitha rrug\u00ebt te fqinj\u00ebt e tij. EIGRP nuk kryen p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime t\u00eb plota periodike t\u00eb informacionit, duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj konceptin e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb mesazheve Hello, ashtu si\u00e7 e b\u00ebn OSPF. \u00c7do disa sekonda ai d\u00ebrgon Hello p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb fqinja ende \u00ebsht\u00eb \"n\u00eb jet\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga protokolli me distanc\u00eb vektoriale, i cili studion t\u00eb gjith\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin p\u00ebr formimin e rrug\u00ebs, EIGRP, ashtu si RIP, krijon rrug\u00eb mbi baza t\u00eb thashethemeve. Kur them \"thashetheme\", kam parasysh se kur nj\u00eb fqinj thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka, EIGRP e pranon pa kushte. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse fqinja thot\u00eb se di se si t\u00eb arrij\u00eb te 10.1.1.2, EIGRP i beson, pa pyetur: \"Nga e di k\u00ebt\u00eb? M\u00eb thuaj p\u00ebr topologjin\u00eb e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetit!\". <\/p>\n

Derisa n\u00eb vitin 2013, n\u00ebse ishit duke p\u00ebrdorur vet\u00ebm infrastruktur\u00ebn Cisco, mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrdornit EIGRP, pasi ky protokoll u krijua q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1994. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb kompani, edhe kur p\u00ebrdornin pajisje Cisco, nuk d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb punonin me k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll. N\u00eb mendimin tim, sot EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i rrug\u00ebs dinamike, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur, megjithat\u00eb njer\u00ebzit vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb preferojn\u00eb OSPF. Mendoj se kjo lidhet me faktin se ata nuk duan t\u00eb \"lidhen\" me produktet Cisco. Por Cisco e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr shkak se mb\u00ebshtet pajisjet e rrjetit t\u00eb prodhuara nga kompani t\u00eb tjera, si Juniper, dhe n\u00ebse bashkoheni me nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdor pajisje Cisco, nuk do t\u00eb keni probleme. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb ekskurs t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb historin\u00eb e protokolleve t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nProtokolli RIPv1, i shfaqur n\u00eb vitet 1980, kishte nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb kufizimesh, p\u00ebr shembull, numri maksimal i hop-eve ishte 16, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb rrug\u00ebtim n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb gjera. M\u00eb von\u00eb u zhvillua protokolli i brendsh\u00ebm i rrug\u00ebtimit IGRP, i cili ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se RIP. Megjithat\u00eb, ai ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll me distanc\u00eb vektoriale se sa nj\u00eb protokoll gjendjeje t\u00eb kanaleve. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '80 u shfaq nj\u00eb standard i hapur \u2013 protokolli i gjurmimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanaleve OSPFv2 p\u00ebr protokollin IPv4. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, Cisco vendosi se protokolli IGRP kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim dhe l\u00ebshoi nj\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ruterit EIGRP. Ai ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se OSPF, sepse kombinonte cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e RIP dhe OSPF. Kur ta fillojm\u00eb studimin e tij, do t\u00eb bindeni se konfigurimi i EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb se sa ai i OSPF. Cisco p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb protokoll q\u00eb do t\u00eb siguronte konvergjenc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90, nj\u00eb version i ri pa klasa i protokollit RIPv2 u l\u00ebshua. N\u00eb vitet 2000 u shfaq versioni i tret\u00eb i OSPF, RIPng dhe EIGRPv6, t\u00eb cilat mb\u00ebshtesin protokollin IPv6. Bota gradualisht po afrohet n\u00eb kalimin e plot\u00eb n\u00eb IPv6 dhe zhvilluesit e protokolleve t\u00eb ruterit duan t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse e mbani mend, ne studiuam se kur zgjedhim rrug\u00ebn optimale RIP, si nj\u00eb protokoll me distanc\u00eb dhe vektor, udh\u00ebheq\u00eb vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb kriter \u2013 numri minimal i hop-eve, ose distanca minimale n\u00eb destinacion. Pra, ruter R1 do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb rrug\u00ebn direkte p\u00ebr ruter R3 pavar\u00ebsisht se shpejt\u00ebsia n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 64 kbit\/s \u2013 disa her\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se shpejt\u00ebsia n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn R1-R2-R3, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 1544 kbit\/s. Protokolli RIP do ta vler\u00ebsoj\u00eb si optimale rrug\u00ebn e ngadalt\u00eb me nj\u00eb hop, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb shpejt\u00eb me 2 hop-e. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nOSPF do t\u00eb studioj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit dhe do t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr lidhjen me ruter R3 q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes ruter R2 si m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb. N\u00eb rolin e metrike, RIP p\u00ebrdor numrin e hop-eve, nd\u00ebrsa metrika OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb kostoja, e cila n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve \u00ebsht\u00eb proporcionale me kapacitetin e kanalit. <\/p>\n

EIGRP gjithashtu orienton n\u00eb koston e rrug\u00ebs, megjithat\u00eb metrika e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar se metrika OSPF dhe mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kapacitetin e Bandwidth, vones\u00ebn Delay, q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb Reliability, ngarkes\u00ebn Loading dhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb paket\u00ebs MTU. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb nyje \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ngarkuar se t\u00eb tjerat, EIGRP do t\u00eb analizoj\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrug\u00ebs dhe do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje tjet\u00ebr me ngarkes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kursin CCNA, ne do t\u00eb marrim parasysh vet\u00ebm faktor\u00ebt formues t\u00eb metrik\u00ebs, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Bandwidth dhe Delay, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb formul\u00ebn e metrik\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nProtokolli i distanc\u00ebs-vektorit RIP p\u00ebrdor dy konceptet: distanca dhe drejtimi. N\u00ebse kemi 3 routera, dhe nj\u00eb prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin 20.0.0.0, at\u00ebher\u00eb zgjedhja do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet sipas distanc\u00ebs - k\u00ebto jan\u00eb hops, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast 1 hop, dhe sipas drejtimit, pra se n\u00eb cilin rrug\u00eb - lart\u00eb apo posht\u00eb - t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb trafik. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, RIP p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin periodik t\u00eb informacionit, duke d\u00ebrguar tabel\u00ebn e plot\u00eb t\u00eb ruterit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin \u00e7do 30 sekonda. Ky p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim kryen 2 funksione. E para \u2013 p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i vet\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb ruterit, e dyta \u2013 kontrollimi i aktivitetit t\u00eb fqinjit. N\u00ebse pajisja nuk merr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e tabel\u00ebs ose informacion t\u00eb ri rreth rrug\u00ebs nga fqinj\u00ebt brenda 30 sekondave, ajo kupton se rruga p\u00ebr te fqinj\u00ebt nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb. Routeri d\u00ebrgon p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime \u00e7do 30 sekonda p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar n\u00ebse fqinj\u00ebt jan\u00eb ende \"t\u00eb gjall\u00eb\" dhe n\u00ebse rrug\u00ebt jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb vlefshme. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 thash\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar ciklet e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoret teknologjia Split Horizon. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi nuk d\u00ebrgohet prapa n\u00eb at\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe nga e cila erdhi. Teknologjia e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar ciklet \u00ebsht\u00eb Route Poison. N\u00ebse lidhja me rrjetin e paraqitur n\u00eb figur\u00eb, 20.0.0.0, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb, routeri, t\u00eb cilit ai i ishte lidhur, d\u00ebrgon fqinj\u00ebve \"rrug\u00ebn e helmuar\", n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn njofton se ky rrjet tani \u00ebsht\u00eb i arritsh\u00ebm me 16 hops, pra praktikisht i paarritsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu funksionon protokolli RIP.<\/p>\n

Si funksionon EIGRP? N\u00ebse e mbani mend nga leksionet rreth OSPF, ky protokoll kryen tri funksione: krijon fqinj\u00ebsi, p\u00ebrmes LSA-s\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebson baz\u00ebn e LSDB-s\u00eb sipas ndryshimeve n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit dhe ndalon tabel\u00ebn e ruterit. Krijimi i fqinj\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb mjaft e komplikuar, e cila p\u00ebrdor shum\u00eb parametra. P\u00ebr shembull, kontrolli dhe ndryshimi i lidhjes 2WAY \u2013 disa lidhje mbeten n\u00eb gjendjen e komunikimit dyanshmor, disa kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen FULL. N\u00eb dallim nga OSPF, n\u00eb protokollin EIGRP nuk ndodh nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb \u2013 ai kontrollon vet\u00ebm 4 parametra. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi OSPF, ky ky\u00e7ti d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh Hello \u00e7do 10 sekonda, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban 4 parameter. Parametri i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kriteri i autentifikimit, n\u00ebse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb konfiguruar m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet me t\u00eb cilat vendoset fqinj\u00ebsia duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat parametra autentifikimi.<\/p>\n

Parametri i dyt\u00eb sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb e pajisjeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur fqinj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebrmes protokollit EIGRP, t\u00eb dy pajisjet duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin num\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemit autonom. Parametri i tret\u00eb sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar se mesazhet Hello d\u00ebrgohen nga nj\u00eb IP burimi t\u00eb vetme Source IP. <\/p>\n

Parametri i kat\u00ebrt p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar p\u00ebrputhjen e faktor\u00ebve K-Values. Protokolli EIGRP p\u00ebrdor 5 t\u00eb till\u00eb, nga K1 n\u00eb K5. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, kur K=0, parametrat injorohen, nd\u00ebrsa kur K=1, parametrat p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb formulimin e metrik\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu, vlerat K1-5 p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen. N\u00eb kursin CCNA ne do t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb vlerat e k\u00ebtyre koeficient\u00ebve si t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanuara: K1 dhe K3 jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta me 1, nd\u00ebrsa K2, K4 dhe K5 jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta me 0.<\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00ebse k\u00ebto 4 parametra p\u00ebrputhen, EIGRP vendos marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie fqinj\u00ebsie dhe pajisjet regjistrojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e fqinj\u00ebve. M\u00eb pas b\u00ebhen ndryshime n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e topologjis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb gjitha mesazhet Hello d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP multicast 224.0.0.10, dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb konfigurimit n\u00eb adresat unicast t\u00eb fqinj\u00ebve ose n\u00eb adres\u00ebn multicast. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime nuk d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes UDP ose TCP, por p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb protokoll tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb quajtur RTP, Protokolli i Transportit t\u00eb Besuesh\u00ebm, ose \u00abprotokolli i transportit t\u00eb besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb\u00bb. Ky protokoll kontrollon n\u00ebse fqinj\u00ebt kan\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin dhe si\u00e7 tregon emri i tij, funksioni i tij kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e komunikimit. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi nuk arrin te fqinj\u00ebt, d\u00ebrgimi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet derisa ata ta marrin. N\u00eb OSPF, mekanizmi p\u00ebr kontrollimin e pajisjes marr\u00ebs mungon, prandaj sistemi nuk e di n\u00ebse pajisjet fqinj e kan\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin apo jo.
\nN\u00ebse e mbani mend, RIP d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjetit \u00e7do 30 sekonda. EIGRP e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse nj\u00eb pajisje e re shfaqet n\u00eb rrjet ose ndodhin ndonj\u00eb ndryshim. N\u00ebse topologjia e n\u00ebnrrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar, protokolli do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim, por jo t\u00eb plot\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb topologjis\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se sa p\u00ebr regjistrimet e k\u00ebtij ndryshimi. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet vet\u00ebm topologjia e saj. Kjo duket si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim t\u00eb pjessh\u00ebm q\u00eb ndodh kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e dini, OSPF d\u00ebrgon LSA \u00e7do 30 minuta pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse ndodhin ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb rrjet. EIGRP nuk do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb deri n\u00eb momentin q\u00eb ndodhin ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb rrjet. Prandaj, EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se OSPF.<\/p>\n

Pas q\u00eb routerat shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb paketa p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi, vjen faza e tret\u00eb \u2013 formimi i tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb ruter\u00ebve n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb metrik\u00ebs, e cila llogaritet nga formula e ilustruar n\u00eb figur\u00eb. Ajo llogarit koston dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kosto merr vendim.
\nSupozoni se R1 i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb Hello routerit R2, dhe ai i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb Hello routerit R1. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha parametrat jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, routerat krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb fqinjor\u00ebsh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb R2 regjistron t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr routerin R1, nd\u00ebrsa R1 krijon nj\u00eb regjistrim p\u00ebr R2. Pas k\u00ebsaj, routeri R1 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim n\u00eb rrjetin e lidhur me t\u00eb 10.1.1.0\/24. N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruter\u00ebve kjo duket si informacion mbi adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb rrjetit, nd\u00ebrfaqen e routerit q\u00eb siguron lidhjen me t\u00eb, dhe koston e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqeje. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, kostoja EIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb 90, dhe m\u00eb pas jepet vlera e distanc\u00ebs, e cila do t\u00eb diskutohet m\u00eb von\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nFormula e plot\u00eb e metrik\u00ebs duket shum\u00eb m\u00eb komplekse, pasi p\u00ebrfshin vlerat e koeficenteve K dhe transformime t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb faqen e Cisco \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur forma e plot\u00eb e formul\u00ebs, megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse b\u00ebni z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e vlerave t\u00eb koeficenteve standard, ajo do t\u00eb transformohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb \u2013 metrika do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me (bandwidth + Delay) * 256.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim k\u00ebt\u00eb formul\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur metrik\u00ebn, ku kapaciteti n\u00eb kilobit \u00ebsht\u00eb i barabart\u00eb me 107, e ndar\u00eb me kapacitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqeve q\u00eb i \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit least-bandwidth, nd\u00ebrsa vonesa cumulative-delay \u00ebsht\u00eb vonesa e p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet q\u00eb i \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit. <\/p>\n

Kur studiojm\u00eb EIGRP, duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb kat\u00ebr definita: Feasible Distance (distanca e mundshme), Reported Distance (distanca e raportuar), Successor (routeri fqinj me koston m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn n\u00eb rrjetin e destinacionit) dhe Feasible Successor (routeri rezerv\u00eb fqinj). P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thon\u00eb, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e rrjetit t\u00eb m\u00ebposht\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me krijimin e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb routingut R1 me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhim rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin 10.1.1.0\/24. Pran\u00eb secilit prej pajisjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur kapaciteti n\u00eb kbit\/s dhe vonesa n\u00eb ms. Ne p\u00ebrdorim nd\u00ebrfaqet GigabitEthernet me kapacitet 100 mbit\/s, ose 1000000 kbit\/s, nd\u00ebrfaqet FastEthernet me shpejt\u00ebsi 100000 kbit\/s, Ethernet me shpejt\u00ebsi 10000 kbit\/s dhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe seriale me shpejt\u00ebsi 1544 kbit\/s. K\u00ebto vlera mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsohen duke par\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e routerit karakteristikat e nd\u00ebrfaqeve fizike p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.
\nKapaciteti i nd\u00ebrfaqeve Serial n\u00eb default \u00ebsht\u00eb 1544 kbit\/s, dhe madje edhe n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb linj\u00eb 64 kbit\/s, kapaciteti do t\u00eb mbetet 1544 kbit\/s. Prandaj, si administrator i rrjetit, duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni vler\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb bandwidth. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb caktuar, mund ta caktoni me komand\u00ebn bandwidth, dhe me komand\u00ebn delay mund t\u00eb ndryshoni vler\u00ebn e vones\u00ebs n\u00eb default. Nuk duhet t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheni p\u00ebr vlerat e default t\u00eb bandwidth p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet GigabitEthernet ose Ethernet, por duhet t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm kur zgjidhni shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e linjave n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni nd\u00ebrfaqen Serial. <\/p>\n

Vini re se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb diagram vonesa \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar si n\u00eb milisekonda ms, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb jan\u00eb mikrosekonda, thjesht nuk kam shkronj\u00ebn \u03bc p\u00ebr t'i dh\u00ebn\u00eb shenj\u00ebn e duhur mikrosekondave \u03bcs. <\/p>\n

Kujdesuni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrethan\u00eb. N\u00ebse jepni komand\u00ebn show interface g0\/0, sistemi do t\u00eb shfaq\u00eb vones\u00ebn n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda, jo thjesht n\u00eb mikrosekonda. <\/p>\n

Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje m\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi n\u00eb videon e ardhshme, e cila do t\u00eb shqyrtoj\u00eb konfigurimin e EIGRP, p\u00ebr tani mbani mend se kur vendosni vlerat e vones\u00ebs n\u00eb formul\u00eb, 100 \u03bcs kthehet n\u00eb 10, pasi formula p\u00ebrdor dhjet\u00ebra mikrosekonda dhe jo nj\u00ebsi. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb skem\u00eb do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoj me pika t\u00eb kuqe nd\u00ebrfaqet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, t\u00eb cilat lidhen me kapacitetet dhe vonesat e treguara. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nS\u00eb pari, na nevojitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb distanc\u00ebn e mundshme Feasible Distance. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb metrika FD, e cila llogaritet sipas formul\u00ebs. P\u00ebr lidhjen nga R5 deri n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm, na nevojitet t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb 107 me 106, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb marrim 10. M\u00eb pas, k\u00ebsaj shifre bandwidth duhet t'i shtojm\u00eb vones\u00ebn, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me 1, sepse kemi 10 mikrosekonda, pra nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb dhjet\u00eb. Vlera e marr\u00eb 11 duhet t\u00eb shum\u00ebzohet me 256, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb vlera e metrik\u00ebs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 2816. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vlera FD p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

Kjo vler\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nga routeri R5 te routeri R2, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ajo do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet distanca e shpallur Reported Distance, pra nj\u00eb sasi q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb raportuar nga fqinja. K\u00ebshtu, distanca e shpallur RD p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me distanc\u00ebn e mundshme FD t\u00eb pajisjes q\u00eb e raportoi at\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Routeri R2 b\u00ebn llogaritjet e FD sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb tij, duke ndar\u00eb 107 me 105 dhe merr 100. M\u00eb pas, ai i shton k\u00ebsaj shifre shum\u00ebn e vonesave n\u00eb rrug\u00eb deri n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm: vones\u00ebn e R5, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb dhjet\u00eb mikrosekondash, dhe vones\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb vet\u00ebn, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb dhjet\u00eb grupe t\u00eb dhjet\u00eb. Vonesa totale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 11 grupe t\u00eb dhjet\u00eb mikrosekondash. E shtojm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb qindeshin e marr\u00eb dhe marrim 111, e shum\u00ebzojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vler\u00eb me 256 dhe marrim vler\u00ebn FD=28416. Po ashtu vepron edhe routeri R3, duke marr\u00eb pas llogaritjeve vler\u00ebn FD=281856. Routeri R4 llogarit vler\u00ebn FD=3072 dhe e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb te R1 si RD. <\/p>\n

Vini re, q\u00eb routeri R1 gjat\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb FD p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb formul\u00eb jo kapacitetin e tij t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm prej 1000000 kbit\/s, por kapacitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb routerit R2, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb 100000 kbit\/s, sepse n\u00eb formul\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret kapaciteti m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl i nd\u00ebrfaqes q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rrjetin cak. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt rrjetit 10.1.1.0\/24 jan\u00eb vendosur routerat R2 dhe R5, por pasi bandwith-i i routerit t\u00eb pest\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh, n\u00eb formul\u00eb vendoset vlera m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e bandwith-it t\u00eb routerit R2. Vonesa totale n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn R1-R2-R5 \u00ebsht\u00eb 1+10+1 (dhjetra) = 12, kapaciteti i zbritur \u00ebsht\u00eb 100, dhe shuma e k\u00ebtyre numrave, e shum\u00ebzuar me 256, do t\u00eb jap\u00eb vler\u00ebn FD=30976. <\/p>\n

Pra, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pajisjet llogarit\u00ebn FD e nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb tyre, dhe routeri R1 ka 3 rrug\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin cak. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb rrug\u00ebt R1-R2, R1-R3 dhe R1-R4. Routeri zgjedh vler\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs FD, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 30976 \u2013 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga p\u00ebr routerin R2. Ky router b\u00ebhet Successor, ose \"pasardh\u00ebs\". N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routingut \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnuar gjithashtu Feasible Successor (pasardh\u00ebsi rezerv\u00eb) \u2013 kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes mes R1 dhe Successor, rruga do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes routerit rezerv\u00eb Feasible Successor.<\/p>\n

Feasible Successors caktohet sipas nj\u00eb rregulli t\u00eb vet\u00ebm: distanca e shpallur RD e k\u00ebtij router-i duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl se FD e routerit n\u00eb segmentin drejt Successor. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, R1-R2 ka FD=30976, RD n\u00eb segmentin R1-K3 \u00ebsht\u00eb 281856, dhe RD n\u00eb segmentin R1-R4 \u00ebsht\u00eb 3072. Pasi 3072 < 30976, routeri R4 zgjidhet si Feasible Successor. <\/p>\n

Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes n\u00eb segmentin e rrjetit R1-R2, trafiku drejt rrjetit 10.1.1.0\/24 do t\u00eb drejtohet p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs R1-R4-R5. Kalimi i rrug\u00ebs me p\u00ebrdorimin e RIP mer mjaft sekonda, me p\u00ebrdorimin e OSPF disa sekonda, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb EIGRP ndodh menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi e EIGRP krahasuar me protokollet e tjera t\u00eb routingut. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb ndodh n\u00ebse lidhja me Successor dhe Feasible Successor nd\u00ebrpritet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb? N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, EIGRP aktivizon algoritmin DUAL, i cili mund t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsi t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. Kjo mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb disa sekonda, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilave EIGRP do t\u00eb gjej\u00eb nj\u00eb fqinj tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar trafikun dhe do t\u00eb vendos\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tij n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routingut. Pas k\u00ebsaj, protokolli do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb funksionimin e tij normal p\u00ebr sigurimin e routingut. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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