{"id":38459,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:50","slug":"veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/veb-server-na-centos-8-s-php7-node-js-i-redis","title":{"rendered":"Server web n\u00eb CentOS 8 me php7, node.js dhe redis","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Parath\u00ebnie<\/h2>\n<p>\nKan\u00eb kaluar tashm\u00eb 2 dit\u00eb q\u00eb nga l\u00ebshimi i versionit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb sistemit operativ CentOS, konkretisht, CentOS 8. Deri tani, n\u00eb internet ka shum\u00eb pak artikuj mbi at\u00eb se si t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren funksionalitetet e reja, andaj vendosa t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj k\u00ebt\u00eb boshll\u00ebk. Do t\u00eb flas jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e instalimit t\u00eb disa programeve, por edhe p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si e shoh un\u00eb instalimin e Linux n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis virtual n\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne p\u00ebr detyra standarde, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ndarjen e disqeve dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Por n\u00eb fillim dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend shkurtimisht arsyet pse duhet t\u00eb kaloni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb versionet e m\u00ebparshme, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ka dy arsye:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>php7! N\u00eb versionin e kaluar t\u00eb CentOS instalohej \"php5.4\" tradicional.\n<p>Mir\u00eb, n\u00ebse flasim m\u00eb seriozisht, shum\u00eb paketa kaluan disa versione nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh. Ne (admiruesit e sistemeve operuese t\u00eb ngjashme me redhat) p\u00ebrfundimisht hyjm\u00eb, n\u00ebse jo n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb tashmen. Dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e Ubuntu nuk do t\u00eb na p\u00ebrqeshin m\u00eb dhe t\u00eb na tregojn\u00eb me gisht, mir\u00eb... t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00ebfar\u00eb kohe ;).<\/li>\n<li>Kalimi nga yum n\u00eb dnf. Dallimi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb se tani mb\u00ebshtetet zyrtarisht puna me disa versione t\u00eb pakove nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. K\u00ebt\u00eb nuk e kam pasur ende nevoj\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb versionin tet\u00eb, por ting\u00ebllon premtuese. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Krijimi i nj\u00eb makine virtuale<\/h2>\n<p>\nKa shum\u00eb lloje hipervizor\u00ebsh dhe nuk kam si q\u00ebllim t\u00eb fokusoj lexuesin n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, do t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr parimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/p>\n<h3>Memoria<\/h3>\n<p>\nE para... P\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar sistemin CentOS, duke filluar nga 7 me siguri, dhe mendoj se edhe n\u00eb 6 ka qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu (\"por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt\"), \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme <i>minimum<\/i> 2 GB memorie RAM. Prandaj, rekomandoj t\u00eb dhini k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr fillim.<\/p>\n<p>Por n\u00ebse ndodh q\u00eb pas instalimit mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloni sasin\u00eb e memories. Nj\u00eb sistem i pap\u00ebrpunuar punon plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb rregull me 1 GB, e kam provuar.<\/p>\n<h3>Disku<\/h3>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr nj\u00eb instalim t\u00eb duhur duhet t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb disk virtual me kapacitet prej 20-30 GB. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr sistemin. Dhe nj\u00eb disk tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. Mund ta shtoni k\u00ebt\u00eb ose gjat\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale, ose pas saj. Un\u00eb zakonisht e shtoj m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>Procesori<\/h3>\n<p>\nMe nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, sistemi i pap\u00ebrpunuar nuk ngadal\u00ebson. Dhe pasi burimet mund t\u00eb shkall\u00ebzohen leht\u00ebsisht, nuk e shoh sensin p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb instalimit (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00ebse e dini p\u00ebrkryer k\u00ebrkesat dhe jeni dembel p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb konfigurues).<\/p>\n<p>Pjesa tjet\u00ebr zakonisht mund t\u00eb lihet n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo parazgjedhjeje. <\/p>\n<h2>Pra, instalimi<\/h2>\n<p>\nPraandaj\u2026 Po fillojm\u00eb instaluesin\u2026 Personalish, un\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit i vendos k\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime vet\u00ebm si makina virtuale, prandaj nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj regjistrimin e distributit n\u00eb nj\u00eb USB \u2013 thjesht e montoj ISO si nj\u00eb CD n\u00eb hipervizorin tim t\u00eb preferuar, ngarko, dhe nisim. <\/p>\n<p>Instalimi baz\u00eb kalon mjaft tradicionalisht, do t\u00eb ndalem vet\u00ebm n\u00eb disa momentet.<\/p>\n<h3>Zgjedhja e burimit <\/h3>\n<p>\nQ\u00eb nga dalja e versionit t\u00eb tet\u00eb, pasqyra nga Yandex \u00ebsht\u00eb e pap\u00ebrdorshme p\u00ebr disa dit\u00eb. Pra, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ajo ngrihet ndogjash dhe pastaj s\u00ebrish fillon t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb gabime. Jam i sigurt se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb tep\u00ebrt n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. Prandaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikuar burimin, un\u00eb personalisht pata nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se t\u00eb shkruaja adres\u00ebn e zakonshme, t\u00eb shkoj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centos.org\/download\/mirrors\/\">k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00eb zgjedh nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00eblqen dhe t\u00eb fus manualisht adres\u00ebn n\u00eb dritaren e instaluesit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbani mend se duhet t\u00eb specifikohet rruga drejt asaj dosjeje ku ndodhet katalogu <b>repodata<\/b>. P\u00ebr shembull, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/mirror.corbina.net\/pub\/Linux\/centos\/8\/BaseOS\/x86_64\/os\/\">mirror.corbina.net\/pub\/Linux\/centos\/8\/BaseOS\/x86_64\/os<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>Shkall\u00ebzimi i disqeve<\/h3>\n<p>\nKy pyetje n\u00eb mendoj \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb religjioze. \u00c7do administrator ka pozitat e tij n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb. Por, megjithat\u00eb, do t\u00eb ndaj mendimin tim p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. <\/p>\n<p>Po, n\u00eb parim, mund t\u00eb dedikohet e gjith\u00eb hap\u00ebsira p\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn dhe do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, shpesh madje mjaft mir\u00eb. Pse at\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb ndarje me seksione t\u00eb ndryshme? \u2013 S\u00eb paku, dy jan\u00eb arsyet kryesore n\u00eb mendimin tim: kuotat dhe portabiliteti. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse di\u00e7ka shkon keq dhe ka gabime n\u00eb seksionin kryesor me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb kisha mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkoja sistemin dhe t\u00eb realizoja aktivitete rinovuese. Prandaj, personalisht un\u00eb dedikoj nj\u00eb seksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr \/boot. Atje ndodhet b\u00ebrthama dhe ngarkuesi. Zakonisht mjafton 500 megabajt, por n\u00eb raste t\u00eb rralla mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb, dhe duke marr\u00eb parasysh se tashm\u00eb jemi m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb masim hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn n\u00eb terabajt\u00eb, un\u00eb dedikoj 2GB p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb ky seksion t\u00eb mos b\u00ebhet lvm.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas vjen rr\u00ebnja e sistemit. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb instalim normal, nuk m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4 GB sakt\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr sistemin, por gjat\u00eb aktiviteteve t\u00eb planifikuara un\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrdor katalogun \/tmp p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkarkuar distribucionet, dhe nuk e shoh logjik\u00eb n\u00eb ta dedikoj at\u00eb nj\u00eb seksioni t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb sistemet moderne ai pastrohet automatikisht, prandaj nuk mbushet. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn, un\u00eb dedikoj 8GB.<\/p>\n<p>Swap\u2026 N\u00eb thelb, ka pak dobi praktike prej tij. N\u00ebse keni filluar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni swap n\u00eb serverin tuaj, sot n\u00eb bot\u00ebn reale kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb vet\u00ebm se serverit i duhet t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb memorje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme. P\u00ebrndryshe, problemet me performanc\u00ebn jan\u00eb t\u00eb garantuara (ose ndonj\u00eb program ka \"memorie t\u00eb humbur\"). Prandaj, ky seksion \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr diagnostikim. Prandaj 2 GB \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr e shk\u00eblqyer. Po, pavar\u00ebsisht sa memorie ka serveri. Po, kam lexuar t\u00eb gjitha ato artikuj ku flitet p\u00ebr raportin midis v\u00ebllimit t\u00eb memories dhe v\u00ebllimit t\u00eb swap-it\u2026 IMHO, ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb vjetruara. P\u00ebr 10 vjet p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, nuk m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. 15 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb i kam aplikuar, po. <\/p>\n<p>A duhet t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb \/home n\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, IMHO \u00e7do nj\u00ebri mund ta vendos\u00eb vet. N\u00ebse dikush do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb aktivisht k\u00ebt\u00eb katalog n\u00eb server, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ta ndaj\u00eb. N\u00ebse askush\u2014nuk ka nevoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas, \/var. Sipas mendimit tim, duhet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb ndahet. Fillimisht, mund t\u00eb kufizohemi me nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr prej 4 GB, pastaj do t\u00eb shohim si do shkoj\u00eb. Dhe po, me \"si do shkoj\u00eb\" kam parasysh se<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00eb pari, gjithmon\u00eb mund t\u00eb montoni nj\u00eb disk tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb n\u00ebnkatalogun \/var (\u00e7far\u00eb do ta tregoj m\u00eb posht\u00eb me nj\u00eb shembull)<\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb dyti, ne kemi lvm\u2014mund t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb. Dhe zakonisht duhet t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb kur ka shum\u00eb log-e q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikohen. Por kurr\u00eb nuk kam arritur ta parashikoj sakt\u00ebsisht k\u00ebt\u00eb shif\u00ebr, prandaj filloj me 2 GB dhe pastaj shikoj.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nHap\u00ebsira e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb do t\u00eb mbetet e lir\u00eb n\u00eb grupin e volumeve, mund ta p\u00ebrdorim gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h4>LVM<\/h4>\n<p>\n<b>T\u00eb gjitha<\/b> seksionet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \/boot, ka kuptim t'i b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb LVM. Po, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb swap. Po, sipas t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebshillave, swap duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb diskut, por n\u00eb rastin e LVM, nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet vendndodhja e tij n\u00eb parim. Por si\u00e7 kam th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb lart, sistemi juaj <i>come as a surprise to them, but confirmation via email would provide positive feedback and an additional verification. Moreover, it ensures consistency with the aforementioned scenario.<\/i> p\u00ebrdor swap p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb. Prandaj nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se ku ndodhet. Po, nuk jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb vitin '95, me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb!<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas, n\u00eb LVM ka disa entitete baz\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb di t\u00eb jetosh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> v\u00ebllimi fizik<\/li>\n<li> grupi i volumeve<\/li>\n<li> v\u00ebllimi logjik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u00ebllimet fizike bashkohen n\u00eb grupe, duke qen\u00eb se \u00e7do v\u00ebllim fizik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb grup mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb disa v\u00ebllime fizike. <br \/>\nDhe v\u00ebllimet logjike ndodhen secili n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup. <\/p>\n<p>Por\u2026 Ne, kemi, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, shekulli 21 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr. Dhe server\u00ebt jan\u00eb virtual\u00eb. Nuk ka kuptim t\u00eb aplikoni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat mekanizma q\u00eb ishin p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr fizik\u00ebt. Dhe p\u00ebr virtual\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb keni t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat ve\u00e7mas nga sistemi! Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme sidomos p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kalimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb nj\u00eb virtual tjet\u00ebr (p\u00ebr shembull kur kaloni n\u00eb nj\u00eb OS t\u00eb re) dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7do lloj p\u00ebrfitimi t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm (kopje t\u00eb ndara rezerv\u00eb me pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrmes mjeteve t\u00eb hipervizorit p\u00ebr shembull). Prandaj, nj\u00eb grup volumesh p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr sistemin dhe patjet\u00ebr nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat! Ky ndarje logjike ndihmon shum\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb!<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse, kur krijuat nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale, keni krijuar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb disk virtual t\u00eb harduerit, konfigurimi aty p\u00ebrfundon. Po n\u00ebse keni dy, at\u00ebher\u00eb thjesht mos e formatoj tani diskun e dyt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b>Gradualisht fillojm\u00eb instalimin.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Pasinstalimi<\/h2>\n<p>\nAshtu, p\u00ebrfundimisht sistema e sapoinstaluar u ngarkua. E para q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb interneti. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ping ya.ru<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA ka p\u00ebrgjigje? \u2014 Shk\u00eblqyer, shtypni Ctrl-C.<br \/>\nN\u00ebse nuk ka \u2014 shkoni t\u00eb konfiguroni rrjetin, pa t\u00eb nuk ka jet\u00eb, por artikulli im nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Tani n\u00ebse ende nuk jemi n\u00ebn root, hyjm\u00eb si root, pasi t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb <i>k\u00ebt\u00eb<\/i> sasi komandash me sudo, personalisht nuk kam d\u00ebshir\u00eb (dhe le t\u00eb m\u00eb falin administratoret paranojak\u00eb):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo -i<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTani, gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf -y update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDhe n\u00ebse po e lexoni k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull n\u00eb vitin 2019, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb asgj\u00eb, por ia vlen t\u00eb provoni. <\/p>\n<h3>Tani do t\u00eb konfiguroni diskun e mbetur.<\/h3>\n<p>\nSupozoni q\u00eb pjesa e sistemit ishte xvda, at\u00ebher\u00eb disku me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna do t\u00eb jet\u00eb xvdb. OK.<\/p>\n<p>Shumica e k\u00ebshillave do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me fjal\u00ebt \"Ekzekutoni fdisk dhe krijoni nj\u00eb ndarje...\"<\/p>\n<p>Pra, kjo <i>nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb<\/i>!<\/p>\n<p>Do ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebris edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me LVM, q\u00eb kap nj\u00eb disk t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb, ndarjet mbi t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fraz\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00e7do fjal\u00eb. N\u00ebse punojm\u00eb pa LVM \u2014 duhet. N\u00ebse n\u00eb disk kemi th\u00ebn\u00eb sistemin dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat \u2014 duhet. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye duam t\u00eb l\u00ebm\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e diskut t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt \u2014 gjithashtu duhet. Por zakonisht k\u00ebto supozime jan\u00eb thjesht teorike. Sepse n\u00ebse vendosim t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb ndarjen ekzistuese, at\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb leht\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konfigurim. Dhe leht\u00ebsia n\u00eb administrim ka kaq shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi sa q\u00eb ne q\u00ebllimisht shkojm\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb konfigurim.<\/p>\n<p>E leht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb zgjeroni seksionin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, thjesht t\u00eb shtoni hap\u00ebsira n\u00eb bashkimin virtual, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do e zgjerojm\u00eb grupin me vgextend dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka! N\u00eb raste t\u00eb rralla mund t\u00eb nevojitet di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr, por t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nuk do t\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb zgjerojm\u00eb n\u00eb fillim v\u00ebllimin logjik, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi. Sepse p\u00ebr zgjerimin e k\u00ebtij v\u00ebllimi rekomandohet n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb fshihet ekzistuesi dhe pastaj t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb i ri mbi t\u00eb\u2026 e cila nuk duket aspak mir\u00eb dhe nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet gjat\u00eb funksionimit, kurse zgjerimi sipas skenarit q\u00eb p\u00ebrmenda mund t\u00eb realizohet \"n\u00eb flak\u00eb\" edhe pa e shkarkuar seksionin. <\/p>\n<p>Pra, krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim fizik, pastaj nj\u00eb grup v\u00ebllimesh q\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshin dhe m\u00eb pas nj\u00eb seksion p\u00ebr serverin ton\u00eb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">pvcreate \/dev\/xvdb\nvgcreate data \/dev\/xvdb\nlvcreate -n www -L40G data\nmke2fs -t ext4 \/dev\/mapper\/data-www\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00ebtu, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shkronj\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe \"L\" (dhe madh\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb GB), mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni t\u00eb vogl\u00ebn dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb absolute, t\u00eb specifikoni relative, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gjysm\u00ebn e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb aktualisht n\u00eb grupin e volumit, duhet t\u00eb specifikoni \"-l +50%FREE\"<\/p>\n<p>Dhe komanda e fundit formaton seksionin n\u00eb sistemin e skedave ext4 (i cili deri tani, sipas praktik\u00ebs time, tregon stabilitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb rast se gjith\u00e7ka d\u00ebshton, prandaj e preferoj).<\/p>\n<p>Tani e montojm\u00eb seksionin n\u00eb vendin e duhur. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, shtojm\u00eb rreshtin e duhur n\u00eb \/etc\/fstab:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/mapper\/data-www    \/var\/www                ext4    defaults        1 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDhe shkruajm\u00eb <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mount \/var\/www<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse del nj\u00eb gabim \u2014 b\u00ebni alarm! Sepse kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb \/etc\/fstab. Dhe se me rinisjen e ardhshme do t\u00eb kemi probleme shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Sistemi mund t\u00eb mos ngarkohet fare, q\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet cloud shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e trishtueshme. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme ose t\u00eb rregullojm\u00eb urgjentisht rreshtin e fundit t\u00eb shkruar, ose ta fshijm\u00eb at\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht! Prandaj ne nuk vendos\u00ebm t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn e montimit manualisht \u2014 pastaj nuk do t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi kaq t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kontrollin e konfiguracionit menj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Tani, n\u00eb parim, vendosim gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb donim dhe hapim portat p\u00ebr web:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf groupinstall \"Development Tools\"\ndnf -y install httpd @nodejs @redis php\nfirewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent\nfirewall-cmd --add-service https --permanent\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi, mund t\u00eb vendosni edhe nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash k\u00ebtu, por un\u00eb personalisht p\u00ebrpiqem ta mbaj ndar\u00eb nga serveri web. Edhe pse ta mbash af\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb, po. Shpejt\u00ebsia e adaptator\u00ebve virtual\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb zakonisht rreth nj\u00eb gigabit, dhe kur punoni n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn makin\u00eb, qasjet ndodhin pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e sigurt. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr secilin. <\/p>\n<p>Tani po shtojm\u00eb parametrin n\u00eb skedarin e konfigurimit (krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb ri, ideologjia moderne e CentOS-it \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"vm.overcommit_memory = 1\" &gt; \/etc\/sysctl.d\/98-sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRinisni serverin. <br \/>\nN\u00eb komentet, m\u00eb qortuan p\u00ebr k\u00ebshill\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb fikja SeLinux, prandaj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohem dhe do t\u00eb shkruaj se pas k\u00ebsaj nuk duhet t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb SeLinux. <br \/>\n<b>Pra, fitimi! \ud83d\ude42<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/469097\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 2 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b CentOS, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, CentOS 8. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 2 \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b CentOS, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, CentOS 8.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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