Grupi i zhvilluesve t\u00eb PostgreSQL shpalli daljen e PostgreSQL 12, versionit m\u00eb t\u00eb ri t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me burim t\u00eb hapur.
\nN\u00eb PostgreSQL 12 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm performanca e pyetjeve \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kjo ndikon n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar p\u00ebrdorimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb diskut n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n
Mes mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb reja:<\/p>\n
Po ashtu, komuniteti vazhdon pun\u00ebn mbi zgjerueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e PostgreSQL, duke zhvilluar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr internacionalizimin, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e autentikimit, duke ofruar rrug\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr administrimin e sistemit.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebshim \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb realizimi i nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb motor\u00ebve t\u00eb ruajtjes plug-in, q\u00eb tani lejon zhvilluesit t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb metodat e tyre t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n PostgreSQL 12 p\u00ebrfshin p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs dhe procedurave t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit p\u00ebr sistemet e indeksimit dhe ndarjes.<\/p>\n Indeksat B-tree jan\u00eb tip standardi i indekseve n\u00eb PostgreSQL, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb optimizuar n\u00eb versionin 12 p\u00ebr ngarkesa q\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb modifikime t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb indekseve. P\u00ebrdorimi i testit referenc\u00eb TPC-C p\u00ebr PostgreSQL 12 tregoi nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs n\u00eb mesatarisht 40% dhe nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb pyetjeve.<\/p>\n Pyetjet p\u00ebr tabelat e ndara kan\u00eb pasur p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb dukshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr tabelat q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga mij\u00ebra seksione, q\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb pun\u00eb vet\u00ebm me pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara t\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Performanca e shtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb tabelat e ndara \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar me INSERT dhe COPY, si dhe mund\u00ebsia e lidhjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb seksioni t\u00eb ri pa bllokuar pyetjet q\u00eb po kryhen.<\/p>\n N\u00eb PostgreSQL 12 jan\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime shtes\u00eb n\u00eb indeksim q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb:<\/p>\n JIT-kompilimi me p\u00ebrdorimin e LLVM, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb PostgreSQL 11, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb i aktivizuar si parazgjedhje. JIT-kompilimi rrit performanc\u00ebn gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me shprehjet n\u00eb klauzol\u00ebn WHERE, listat e destinacionit, agregatet dhe disa operacione t\u00eb brendshme. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00ebse keni kompaktuar PostgreSQL me LLVM ose p\u00ebrdorni paket\u00ebn PostgreSQL q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar me LLVM t\u00eb aktivizuar.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs SQL dhe pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb me standardin<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb PostgreSQL 12, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb ekzekutoni k\u00ebrkesa ndaj dokumenteve JSON duke p\u00ebrdorur shprehjet e rrug\u00ebs JSON, t\u00eb definuara n\u00eb standardin SQL\/JSON. K\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mekanizmat ekzistues t\u00eb indeksimit p\u00ebr dokumentet e ruajtura n\u00eb formatin JSONB, p\u00ebr nxjerrjen efikase t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n Shprehjet e zakonshme t\u00eb tabelave, gjithashtu t\u00eb njohura si pyetje me WITH, n\u00eb PostgreSQL 12 tani mund t\u00eb ekzekutohen automatikisht me p\u00ebrdorimin e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit, i cili nga ana tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb shum\u00eb pyetjeve ekzistuese. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pyetjes WITH mund t\u00eb ekzekutohet me z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim, vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rekurzive, nuk ka efekte an\u00ebsore dhe referohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e m\u00ebhershme t\u00eb pyetjes.<\/p>\n N\u00eb PostgreSQL 12 p\u00ebrfshihet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \"kolonat e gjeneruara\". T\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb standardin SQL, ky lloj kolone llogarit vler\u00ebn n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb kolonave t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn tabel\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version, PostgreSQL mb\u00ebshtet \"kolonat e gjeneruara t\u00eb ruajtura\", ku vlera e llogaritur ruhet n\u00eb disk.<\/p>\n Internacionalizimi<\/strong><\/p>\n PostgreSQL 12 zgjeron mb\u00ebshtetjen p\u00ebr krahasimet ICU, duke lejuar p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb \"krahasi t\u00eb paqart\u00eb\", t\u00eb cilat mund, p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb lejojn\u00eb krahasime pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin ose akcentin.<\/p>\n Autentifikimi<\/strong><\/p>\n PostgreSQL zgjeron mb\u00ebshtetje e saj p\u00ebr metoda t\u00eb besueshme autentifikimi me disa p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb siguri dhe funksionalitet shtes\u00eb. Ky version prezanton enkriptim n\u00eb an\u00ebn e klientit dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn e serverit p\u00ebr autentifikim p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve GSSAPI, si dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb PostgreSQL t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb hostingut<\/a> LDAP, n\u00ebse PostgreSQL \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar me OpenLDAP.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, PostgreSQL 12 tani mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb autentifikimit me shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb. Tani serveri PostgreSQL mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb nga klienti q\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb SSL<\/a>-certifikat\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme me emrin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit duke p\u00ebrdorur clientcert=verify-full, dhe ta kombinoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb metod\u00eb autentifikimi (p.sh., scram-sha-256).<\/p>\n\n