{"id":38766,"date":"2019-10-31T22:25:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:25:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:48","slug":"astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/astra-linux-orel-common-edition-est-li-zhizn-posle-windows","title":{"rendered":"Astra Linux \u00abOr\u00ebl\u00bb Edition e zakonshme: a ka jet\u00eb pas Windows","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kemi marr\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb detajuar nga nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdoruesit tan\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb operimit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb doja ta ndaj me ju.<\/i><\/p>\n

Astra Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb derivat i Debian, i krijuar n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebs ruse p\u00ebr kalimin n\u00eb softverin e lir\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb disa versione t\u00eb Astra Linux, nj\u00ebra prej t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm \u2014 Astra Linux \u00abOr\u00ebl\u00bb Edition e zakonshme. Nj\u00eb sistem operativ rus p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb, p\u00ebr definicionin, interesante, dhe dua t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr \u00abOr\u00ebl\u00bb nga pozita e nj\u00eb personi q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebrdit\u00eb tre sisteme operative (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra dhe Fedora) dhe gjat\u00eb 13 viteve t\u00eb fundit ka qen\u00eb besnik ndaj Ubuntu. Duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, do ta shqyrtoj sistemin nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i instalimit, nd\u00ebrfaqeve, softwarit, mund\u00ebsive baz\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvilluesit dhe leht\u00ebsis\u00eb nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime t\u00eb ndryshme. Si do t'i p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb Astra Linux krahasuar me sistemet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura? A do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb Windows n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi?<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Po installojm\u00eb Astra Linux<\/h2>\n

\nInstaluesi i Astra Linux ka ngjashm\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe me instaluesin e Debian. Ndoshta, i pari \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb, sepse shumica e parametrave jan\u00eb t\u00eb rregulluar si\u00e7i duhet. Gjith\u00e7ka fillon me nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb licenc\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi t\u00eb pak\u00ebt. Ndoshta, madje, edhe n\u00eb Or\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nNj\u00eb pik\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb instalim \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjedhja e softuerit q\u00eb vjen me sistemin si parazgjedhje. Opcionesh e disponueshme mbulojn\u00eb nevojat standarde zyrtare dhe profesionale (p\u00ebr \u00abjo-zhvilluesit\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPo ashtu, deri n\u00eb dritaren fundore ka nj\u00eb grup shtesash konfigurimi: bllokimi i interpreter\u00ebve, konsolave, gjurmimeve, vendosja e bitit t\u00eb ekzekutimit etj. N\u00ebse k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb nuk ju thon\u00eb asgj\u00eb, m\u00eb mir\u00eb mos vendosni kutit\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto mund t\u00eb konfigurohen m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSistemi u instalua brenda nj\u00eb mjedisi virtual me burime modest (p\u00ebrkundrejt sistemeve moderne). Nuk kishte ankesash p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsi dhe performanc\u00eb. Konfiguracioni mbi t\u00eb cilin u testua \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nProcedura e instalimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme: montojm\u00eb imagjin\u00eb iso<\/a><\/noindex>, instalojm\u00eb p\u00ebrmes procesit standard t\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb sistemit dhe shkruajm\u00eb bootloader-in GRUB.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSistemi gjat\u00eb ngarkimit nuk k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb resurse \u2014 rreth 250-300 MB RAM gjat\u00eb fillimit p\u00ebr modin desktop.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsi alternative p\u00ebr ngarkim: moda e tabletit dhe telefonit<\/h2>\n

\nKur n\u00eb sistem, mund t\u00eb zgjidhni nj\u00eb nga disa opsione p\u00ebr nisjen: e sigurt, desktop, mobile ose tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nP\u00ebr pun\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjet me ekran prekje, mund t\u00eb aktivizoni tastier\u00ebn n\u00eb ekran.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nT\u00eb shohim \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante n\u00eb modet e ndryshme. Moda desktop \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mod i zakonsh\u00ebm, ku sistemi ngjan me Windows.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nModa tablet \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr ekranet e m\u00ebdha me prekje. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 dallimeve t\u00eb dukshme, q\u00eb mund t'i shihni n\u00eb screenshot-in m\u00eb posht\u00eb, ka edhe ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes. Kursor n\u00eb mod\u00ebn tablet \u00ebsht\u00eb i paduksh\u00ebm, butoni p\u00ebr mbylljen e aplikacioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb panelin e detyrave. Aplikacionet me ekran t\u00eb plot\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb pak ndryshe, skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb menaxherin e skedar\u00ebve gjithashtu zgjidhen ndryshe.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nDuhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim dhe mod\u00ebn mobile \u2014 k\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb disi si n\u00eb Android. P\u00ebrdoret mjedisi grafik Fly. N\u00eb modet me prekje t\u00eb ekranit punon prekja e gjat\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb th\u00ebrrisni menun\u00eb kontekstuale. Moda mobile konsumon pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb burime n\u00eb krahasim me mod\u00ebn desktop dhe tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\n\"Astra
\n
\nPrania e modave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb tablet me tastier\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, skenar\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi me dhe pa prekje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i sistemit<\/h2>\n

\nPara se t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni sistemin, duhet ta p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni. Kryesisht repotit\u00eb e tij<\/a><\/noindex> Astra Linux 14 mij\u00eb paketa (e q\u00ebndrueshme<\/a><\/noindex>, e testuar<\/a><\/noindex> dhe eksperimentale<\/a><\/noindex> deg\u00eb). Dega eksperimentale s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime t\u00eb pasigurta, prandaj do t\u00eb testeve deg\u00ebn testing. Ndryshojm\u00eb depozit\u00ebn n\u00eb testing.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nNisnim p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e depozit\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsojm\u00eb sistemin. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, klikoni butonin \"P\u00ebrdit\u00ebso\", pastaj \"Shenoni t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet\", dhe m\u00eb pas \"Zbatoni\". Rindezuni.<\/p>\n

Politika e p\u00ebrdoruesit<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb rinj krijohen n\u00eb sistem p\u00ebrmes utilitarit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb siguris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nP\u00ebr default, \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar funksioni i hyrjes nga distanca (Paneli i kontrollit \u2014 Sistemi \u2014 Hyrja n\u00eb sistem).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 seancave t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb ndara dhe t\u00eb larg\u00ebta, mund t\u00eb nisni nj\u00eb seanc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjitur (Start \u2014 Mbyllja \u2014 Seanca).<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nMe dy t\u00eb parat \u00ebsht\u00eb e kuptueshme. Nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb seanc\u00eb e ngjitur \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb seanc\u00eb q\u00eb niset n\u00eb dritaren e seanc\u00ebs aktuale.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSesionet, p\u00ebr rrethanat, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb pas nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb caktuar: nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb prisni p\u00ebrfundimin e operacioneve t\u00eb gjata, thjesht konfiguroni fikjen e automatizuar.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrfaqja dhe software standard i Astra Linux<\/h2>\n

\nAstra Linux Common Edition i ngjan Debian si\u00e7 ishte disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. V\u00ebrehet se nga jasht\u00eb, Astra Linux Common Edition p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb afrohet me Windows.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nNavigimi dhe puna me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve jan\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr Windows sesa Linux. Me imazhin e sistemit vjen nj\u00eb grup standard t\u00eb softuer\u00ebve: zyre, pun\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet, grafik\u00eb, muzik\u00eb, video. Cil\u00ebsimet sistemore gjithashtu jan\u00eb grupuar n\u00eb menu-n\u00eb kryesore. N\u00eb p\u00ebr default, jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme kat\u00ebr ekrane.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\nSi\u00e7 duket, si paket\u00eb zyre n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar LibreOffice<\/i><\/p>\n

Pjesa e kontrollit \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me Windows\/Mac\/etc dhe grupin kryesore t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nMenaxhuesi i skedar\u00ebve ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe me dy panelet dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb montoj\u00eb arkiva si dosje.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\n\"Astra
\n
\nMenaxhuesi i skedar\u00ebve mund t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb kontrollet e shumave, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb GOST R 34.11-2012<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nSi shfletues standard \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar Mozilla Firefox. Duket mjaft asketik, por megjithat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht adekuat. P\u00ebr shembull, hapa dhe shfletoj nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ri n\u00eb Habr. FAQet renderizohen, sistemi nuk bie dhe nuk ngec.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nTesti tjet\u00ebr \u2014 redaktimi i grafik\u00ebs. Ngarkohet nj\u00eb imazh nga titulli i artikullit t\u00eb Habr, dhe k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb nga sistemi ta hap\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb GIMP. Edhe k\u00ebtu nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb papritur.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nDhe me nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb leht\u00eb, vazhdojm\u00eb testi n\u00eb KPI t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej artikujve. N\u00eb thelb, k\u00ebtu nuk ka dallime nga sistemi standard Linux.<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nT\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb dalim jasht\u00eb skenar\u00ebve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb paketat standarde n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet apt-get.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Astra
\n
\nPas p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb indekseve:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u00ebr testin, kemi instaluar python3-pip, zsh dhe kemi p\u00ebrfunduar instalimin e oh-my-zsh (me var\u00ebsi shtes\u00eb git). Sistemi funksionoi si\u00e7 pritej.<\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 shohim, sistemi jep rezultate t\u00eb mira brenda skenar\u00ebve standard\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm. N\u00ebse prisni t\u00eb shihni k\u00ebtu programet e njohura p\u00ebr Debian\/Ubuntu, ato do t\u00eb duhen t\u00eb instalohen shtes\u00eb, manualisht (p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ju duhen paketa si ack-grep \u2014 ato instalohen p\u00ebrmes curl\/sh). Mund t\u00eb shtoni repozitat n\u00eb sources.list dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni apt-get si zakonisht.<\/p>\n
Utilitetet e veta t\u00eb Astra Linux<\/h2>\n
\nMjetet e p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Astra Linux. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, zhvilluesit kan\u00eb krijuar rreth nj\u00ebqind mjete t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb mund t\u00eb instalohen p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit depozit\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar sistemin.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur mjetet, mjafton t\u00eb kryeni nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim me fjal\u00ebn \"fly\" - t\u00eb gjitha mjetet e nevojshme kan\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb prefix.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n\u00a0
\nT\u00eb flas\u00ebsh p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha aplikacionet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb disi e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, prandaj do t\u00eb zgjedhim disa t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm. Aplikacioni i motit tregon parashikimin n\u00eb qytetet e zgjedhura n\u00eb Rusi, \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar p\u00ebr rajonin rus.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nPo ashtu ka nj\u00eb mjet grafik t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb me disa filtra dhe cil\u00ebsime p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin n\u00ebp\u00ebr skedar\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nKa nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb vetin p\u00ebr kontrollimin e nivelit t\u00eb karikimit t\u00eb bateris\u00eb dhe m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, kalimi n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb konfigurohet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb timer-i - fikja e monitorit, gjumi, hibernimi.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n 
\nZgjedhja e skedar\u00ebve ekzekutiv\u00eb p\u00ebr komandat gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtjell\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe grafike. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni se cili \"vi\" do ta zgjedh\u00eb sistemi kur ekzekuton komand\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nMe nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb administrimi, mund t\u00eb konfigurohet cilat aplikacione do t\u00eb startojn\u00eb kur fillon sistemi.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nKa gjithashtu monitorim t\u00eb GPS\/GLONASS, m\u00eb shum\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb telefon\/tablet (ku zakonisht ndodhet moduli p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs).<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nKa dhe nj\u00eb lexues PDF t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, p\u00ebr teste e kemi nisur n\u00eb librin Free Culture nga Lawrence Lessig.<\/p>\n
\"Astra
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha mjetet Fly mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb turin virtual<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Astra Linux, n\u00eb seksionin \"Ndihma\" t\u00eb desktopit virtual.
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kontrasti me sistemet baz\u00eb<\/h2>\n
\nNga pik\u00ebpamja e nd\u00ebrfaqes dhe logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb kontrollit, sistemi m\u00eb tep\u00ebr i ngjan Windows XP klasik, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb - elementeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb Mac OS.<\/p>\n
Nga pik\u00ebpamja e mjeteve, konsol\u00ebs dhe pjes\u00ebve \"harduerike\" sistemi ngjan me Debian klasik, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i mir\u00eb dhe i njohur p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Ubuntu dhe Minted, edhe pse ata m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuarit do t'u mungojn\u00eb gamat e zakonshme t\u00eb paketave nga t\u00eb gjitha depozitat.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse e vendos p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time mbi portretin e p\u00ebrdoruesve potencial\u00eb, p\u00ebr sistemin e ri kam pritshm\u00ebri pozitive. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time me Windows\/Mac, p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb orientohet pa ndonj\u00eb problem n\u00eb Astra Linux Common Edition. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrdoruesit m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb Linux do t\u00eb konfiguronen gjith\u00e7ka si\u00e7 e duan me ndihm\u00ebn e utilitar\u00ebve standard\u00eb unix.<\/p>\n
Versioni aktual i Astra Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb Debian 9.4, gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme nj\u00eb kernal i ri nga Debian 10 (4.19).\u00a0<\/p>\n
Sigurisht, ekzistojn\u00eb versione m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb Ubuntu, por ka nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, por me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u2014 ato nuk jan\u00eb LTS (Mb\u00ebshtetje afatgjat\u00eb). Versionet LTS t\u00eb Ubuntu bien n\u00eb linj\u00eb me Astra Linux n\u00eb versionet e paketave. Un\u00eb kam marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr Astra Linux (versioni i certifikuar Astra Linux Special Edition, p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb ndjekjen e datave t\u00eb l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb versioneve t\u00eb OS) nga Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>, e krahasova me datat e l\u00ebshimeve t\u00eb versioneve LTS t\u00eb Ubuntu, dhe ja \u00e7far\u00eb doli:\u00a0<\/p>\n
L\u00ebshimi LTS i Ubuntu
\nL\u00ebshimi Astra Linux Special Edition<\/p>\n
Data
\nVersion
\nData
\nVersion<\/p>\n
17.04.2014<\/p>\n
14.04 LTS<\/p>\n
19.12.2014<\/p>\n
1.4<\/p>\n
21.04.2016<\/p>\n
16.04 LTS<\/p>\n
08.04.2016<\/p>\n
1.5<\/p>\n
26.04.2018<\/p>\n
18.04 LTS<\/p>\n
26.09.2018<\/p>\n
1.6<\/p>\n
Verdikti<\/h2>\n
\nAvantazhet kryesore t\u00eb Astra Linux \u00abOrel\u00bb Common Edition:<\/p>\n