{"id":38928,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","slug":"komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","title":{"rendered":"Ekipi cp: kopjimi i sakt\u00eb i dosjeve dhe dosjeve n\u00eb *nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ekipi
\n
\nKy artikull do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb disa aspekte t\u00eb fshehta q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrdorimin wildcard-eve<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb kopjim, sjelljen e paqart\u00eb t\u00eb komand\u00ebs cp<\/code> n\u00eb kopjim, si dhe m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb kopjimin e nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe skedar\u00ebsh pa l\u00ebshime dhe gabime.<\/p>\n

Supozoni se na nevojitet t\u00eb kopjojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nga dosja \/source n\u00eb dosjen \/target.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nE para q\u00eb vije n\u00eb mendje \u00ebsht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

cp \/source\/* \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMenj\u00ebher\u00eb do ta korrigjojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source\/* \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u00c7el\u00ebsi -a<\/code> do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb kopimin e t\u00eb gjitha atributeve, t\u00eb drejtave dhe do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb rekursivitet. Kur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb riprodhohen sakt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb drejtat, mjafton \u00e7el\u00ebsi -r<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Pas kopjimit, ne do t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb se nuk jan\u00eb kopjuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb skedar\u00ebt \u2014 jan\u00eb injoruar skedar\u00ebt q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me pik\u00eb, si:<\/p>\n
.profil
\n.lokal
\n.mc<\/code>
\ndhe t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n
Pse ndodhi k\u00ebshtu?<\/p>\n
Sepse wildcard-et i p\u00ebrpunon shell-i (bash<\/code> n\u00eb rastin tipik). Nga p\u00ebrkufizimi, bash i injoron t\u00eb gjith\u00eb skedar\u00ebt q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me pika, pasi i interpreton ata si t\u00eb fshehur. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje, na duhet t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb sjelljen bash<\/code> me komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
shopt -s dotglob<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim sjelljeje pas rinisjes, mund t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb sked\u00eb wildcard.sh me k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb dosjen \/etc\/profile.d<\/code> (ndoshta n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen tuaj \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe).<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse nuk ka skedar\u00eb n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb burimore, at\u00ebher\u00eb shell nuk mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb asgj\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb yllit, dhe k\u00ebshtu kopjimi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb gabim. Ka disa opsione p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. failglob<\/code> dhe nullglob<\/code>. Na nevojitet t\u00eb vendosim failglob<\/code>, e cila nuk do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb komand\u00ebn t\u00eb kryhet. nullglob<\/code> nuk do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, pasi ajo e kthen nj\u00eb varg t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm nga wildcards q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb gjetur p\u00ebrputhje n\u00eb nj\u00eb varg bosh (me gjat\u00ebsi zero), e cila p\u00ebr cp<\/code> do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse ka mij\u00ebra skedar\u00eb n\u00eb dosje, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb heqim dor\u00eb nga qasja me p\u00ebrdorimin e wildcards. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se bash<\/code> shqipron wildcards n\u00eb nj\u00eb komand\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source\/a \/source\/b \/source\/c \u2026\u2026 \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKa nj\u00eb kufi p\u00ebr gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb komand\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilin mund ta zbulojm\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
getconf ARG_MAX<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNe do t\u00eb marrim gjat\u00ebsi maksimale t\u00eb komand\u00ebs n\u00eb byte:<\/p>\n
2097152<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOse:<\/p>\n
xargs --show-limits<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNe do t\u00eb marrim di\u00e7ka si:<\/p>\n
\u2026.\nGjat\u00ebsia maksimale e komand\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb: 2089314\n\u2026.<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPra, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb krejt pa p\u00ebrdorimin e wildcards.<\/p>\n
Thjesht le t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballim me nj\u00eb paqart\u00ebsi t\u00eb sjelljes cp<\/code>. N\u00ebse dosja \/target nuk ekziston, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb marrim at\u00eb q\u00eb na nevojitet.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse ekziston dosja target, skedar\u00ebt do t\u00eb kopjohen n\u00eb dosjen \/target\/source.<\/p>\n
Nuk mund t\u00eb fshijm\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb dosjen \/target, pasi aty mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb skedar\u00eb t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm dhe q\u00ebllimi yn\u00eb, le t\u00eb themi, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb \/target me skedar\u00ebt nga \/source.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse dosjet e burimit dhe t\u00eb pranimit do t\u00eb quheshin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kopjonim nga \/source n\u00eb \/home\/source, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornim komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source \/home<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe pas kopjimit skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb \/home\/source do t\u00eb ishin plot\u00ebsuar me skedar\u00ebt nga \/source.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb problem logjik i till\u00eb: ne mund t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb e pranimit, n\u00ebse dosjet quhen nj\u00ebsoj, por n\u00ebse ato ndahen, dosja burimore do t\u00eb vendoset brenda pranueses. Si mund ta kopjojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt nga \/source n\u00eb \/target me ndihm\u00ebn e cp pa wildcards?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb kufizim t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm ne p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb zgjidhje jo t\u00eb dukshme:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source\/. \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0422\u0435 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441 DOS \u0438 Linux \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438: \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 «.» \u0438 «..», \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n