{"id":38928,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:48","slug":"komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/komanda-cp-pravilnoe-kopirovanie-papok-s-fajlami-v-nix","title":{"rendered":"Ekipi cp: kopjimi i duhur i dosjeve me skedar\u00eb n\u00eb *nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ekipi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb disa gj\u00ebra t\u00eb pakapshme q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrdorimin wildcards<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb procesin e kopjimit, sjelljet e paqarta t\u00eb komand\u00ebs cp<\/code> t\u00eb kopjimit, si dhe m\u00ebnyrat q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb kopjimin korrekte t\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe skedar\u00ebsh pa mungesa dhe d\u00ebshtime.<\/p>\n

Supozoni se duam t\u00eb kopjojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nga dosja \/source n\u00eb dosjen \/target.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nE para q\u00eb na vjen n\u00eb mend \u00ebsht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

cp \/source\/* \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTa korrigjojm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source\/* \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u00c7el\u00ebsi -a<\/code> e cila do t\u00eb kopjoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha atributet, t\u00eb drejtat dhe do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb rekursivitetin. Kur nuk k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb riprodhim i sakt\u00eb i t\u00eb drejtave, mjafton \u00e7el\u00ebsi -r<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Pas kopjimit, do t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb se nuk u kopjuan t\u00eb gjitha skedar\u00ebt \u2014 u injoruan skedar\u00ebt q\u00eb fillonin me pik\u00eb si:<\/p>\n
.profil
\n.lokal
\n.mc<\/code>
\ndhe t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n
Pse ndodhi k\u00ebshtu?<\/p>\n
Sepse wildcards p\u00ebrpunon shell-in (bash<\/code> n\u00eb rastin tipik). Nga ana e tij, bash-i injoron t\u00eb gjitha skedar\u00ebt q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me pika, duke i trajtuar ato si t\u00eb fshehur. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje, na duhet t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb at\u00eb bash<\/code> me komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
shopt -s dotglob<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb sjelljes pas rindizjes, mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar wildcard.sh me k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb dosjen \/etc\/profile.d<\/code> (ndoshta n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen tuaj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dosje tjet\u00ebr).<\/p>\n
Dhe n\u00ebse n\u00eb dosjen burimore nuk ka skedar\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb shell-i nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb vendos\u00eb asgj\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb yllit, dhe kopjimi gjithashtu do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb gabim. Ka mund\u00ebsi kund\u00ebr k\u00ebsaj situate failglob<\/code> dhe nullglob<\/code>. Na duhen failglob<\/code>, e cila nuk do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb komand\u00ebn t\u00eb realizohet. nullglob<\/code> nuk do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb ajo do ta kthej\u00eb rreshtin me wildcards pa p\u00ebrputhje n\u00eb nj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt (me gjat\u00ebsi zero), gj\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr cp<\/code> do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse n\u00eb dosje ka mij\u00ebra skedar\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb heqim dor\u00eb nga qasja me p\u00ebrdorimin e wildcards. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se bash<\/code> shnd\u00ebrron wildcards n\u00eb nj\u00eb varg shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb komand\u00ebs si:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/souce\/a \/source\/b \/source\/c \u2026\u2026 \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKa nj\u00eb kufi p\u00ebr gjat\u00eb\u00ebsin\u00eb e vargut t\u00eb komand\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilin mund ta zbulojm\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
getconf ARG_MAX<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDo t\u00eb marrim gjat\u00ebsi maksimale t\u00eb vargut t\u00eb komand\u00ebs n\u00eb byte:<\/p>\n
2097152<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOse:<\/p>\n
xargs --show-limits<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDo t\u00eb marrim di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme me:<\/p>\n
\u2026.\nGjat\u00ebsia maksimale e komand\u00ebs q\u00eb ne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim: 2089314\n\u2026.<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPra, le t\u00eb anashkalojm\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht wildcards.<\/p>\n
Thjesht le t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballemi me paqart\u00ebsin\u00eb e sjelljes cp<\/code>. N\u00ebse dosja \/target nuk ekziston, do t\u00eb marim at\u00eb q\u00eb na nevojitet.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse dosja target ekziston, skedar\u00ebt do t\u00eb kopjohen n\u00eb dosjen \/target\/source.<\/p>\n
Nuk mund ta fshijm\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb paraprakisht dosjen \/target, pasi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb skedar\u00eb t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm dhe q\u00ebllimi yn\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb \/target me skedar\u00ebt nga \/source.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse dosjet e burimit dhe t\u00eb pranimit do t\u00eb quheshin nj\u00ebsoj, p\u00ebr shembull, do t\u00eb kopjonim nga \/source n\u00eb \/home\/source, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornim komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source \/home<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe pas kopjimit, skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb \/home\/source do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar me skedar\u00ebt nga \/source.<\/p>\n
Ja nj\u00eb enigm\u00eb logjike: ne mund t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb e pranimit n\u00ebse dosjet jan\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj, por n\u00ebse ato ndryshojn\u00eb, dosja burim do t\u00eb vendoset brenda pranueses. Si t\u00eb kopjojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt nga \/source n\u00eb \/target duke p\u00ebrdorur cp pa wildcards?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb kufizim t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm, ne p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb pabesueshme:<\/p>\n
cp -a \/source\/. \/target<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAta q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur mir\u00eb me DOS dhe Linux e kuptuan: brenda \u00e7do folderi ka 2 foldera t\u00eb paduksh\u00ebm «.» dhe «..», q\u00eb jan\u00eb faux foldera-link p\u00ebr direktor\u00ebt aktual\u00eb dhe ata m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n