{"id":38969,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:11:21","slug":"liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","title":{"rendered":"Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Si si nj\u00ebndihm\u00eb autoritare n\u00eb internet<\/h2>\n

\n\"Liga
\nIkim? Nj\u00eb grua n\u00eb nj\u00eb kafe interneti n\u00eb Pekin, korrik 2011
\nIm Chi Yin \/ The New York Times \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u00eb vjen keq, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb filloj me nj\u00eb \"sh\u00ebnim t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyesit\". Teksti q\u00eb gjet\u00ebm m\u00eb duket interesant dhe diskutues. Ndryshimet e vetme n\u00eb tekst jan\u00eb \"gjashtat e trasha\". Mendimin tim personal e shpreha n\u00eb etiketat. \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEpoka e lindjes s\u00eb Internetit ishte plot shpresa t\u00eb larta. Regjimet autoritare, q\u00eb u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me zgjedhjen - t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin pjes\u00eb e sistemit t\u00eb ri global t\u00eb komunikimeve ose t\u00eb mbeteshin jasht\u00eb, do t\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb lidhen me t\u00eb. Duke reflektuar m\u00eb tej me sy t\u00eb sajuar: flukset e informacionit dhe ideve t\u00eb reja nga \"bota e jashtme\" patjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb nxisnin zhvillimin drejt hapjes ekonomike dhe liberalizimit politik. N\u00eb fakt ndodhi di\u00e7ka krejt\u00ebsisht e kund\u00ebrt. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb vlerave demokratike dhe ideve liberale, Interneti u b\u00eb baza p\u00ebr spiunimin e shteteve autoritare n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Regjimet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Rusin\u00eb, etj. p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn infrastrukturat e Internetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar rrjetet e tyre komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ata ngrit\u00ebn barriera teknike dhe ligjore p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar kufizimin e aksesit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb disa burime dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar aksesin e kompanive per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb tregjet e tyre dixhitale.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nMegjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga faktin se n\u00eb Uashington dhe Bruksel po shqet\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr planet p\u00ebr ndarjen e Internetit, e fundit q\u00eb Pekini dhe Moska duan \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet e tyre dhe t\u00eb shk\u00ebputen nga rrjeti global t\u00eb Internetit. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, ata kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb Internet p\u00ebr t\u00eb vjedhur pron\u00eb intelektuale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur propagand\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar infrastruktur\u00ebn kritike n\u00eb vendet konkurrente. Kina dhe Rusia do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin idealisht t\u00eb krijonin nj\u00eb Internet t\u00eb ri - sipas skemave t\u00eb tyre dhe t'i detyronin vendet e tjera t\u00eb luajn\u00eb sipas rregullave t\u00eb tyre represive. Por ata nuk mund\u00ebn ta b\u00ebnin k\u00ebt\u00eb - n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ata kan\u00eb intensifikuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strikte aksesin e jasht\u00ebm n\u00eb tregjet e tyre, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me Internetin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar dob\u00ebsit\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb patjet\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb e liris\u00eb digjitale dhe hapjes per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n

Shtetet e Bashkuara, aleat\u00ebt dhe partner\u00ebt e tyre duhet t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb s\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuari p\u00ebr rrezikun e ndarjes s\u00eb Internetit nga regjimet autoritare. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ata duhet ta ndajn\u00eb at\u00eb vet\u00eb<\/b>, duke krijuar nj\u00eb bllok digital, brenda t\u00eb cilit informacioni, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe produktet mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin lirisht, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar vendet q\u00eb nuk respektojn\u00eb lirin\u00eb e shprehjes ose t\u00eb drejtat e privat\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb angazhohen n\u00eb aktivitete n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuese ose ofrojn\u00eb streh\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb till\u00eb, vendet q\u00eb pranojn\u00eb konceptin e nj\u00eb Interneti v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin dhe zgjerimin e p\u00ebrfitimeve t\u00eb lidhjes, nd\u00ebrsa vendet q\u00eb jan\u00eb kund\u00ebr k\u00ebtij koncepti nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t'i shkaktojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb d\u00ebm. Q\u00ebllimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb versioni digjital i Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Shengenit<\/b>, i cili mbron l\u00ebvizjen e lir\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. 26 vendet e zon\u00ebs Shengen ndjekin nj\u00eb grup rregullash dhe mekanizmash p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar zbatimin; vende t\u00eb paizoluar.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto lloj marr\u00ebveshjesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr ruajtjen e nj\u00eb Interneti t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hapur. Washingtoni duhet t\u00eb formoj\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicion q\u00eb bashkon p\u00ebrdoruesit e Internetit, kompanit\u00eb dhe vendet rreth vlerave demokratike, respektit p\u00ebr sundimin e ligjit dhe tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00eb digjitale: Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb<\/b>. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb shtetet q\u00eb nuk i ndajn\u00eb k\u00ebto vlera t\u00eb ken\u00eb akses t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb Internet dhe n\u00eb tregjet dhe teknologjit\u00eb digjitale per\u00ebndimore, koalicioni i udh\u00ebhequr nga SHBA duhet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb kushte mbi t\u00eb cilat ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur, dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00eb barriera q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vlefshme q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb marrin dhe d\u00ebm q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb. Liga nuk do t\u00eb ngrit\u00eb nj\u00eb perde digjitale t\u00eb hekurit; t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb faz\u00ebn fillestare, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e trafikimit t\u00eb Internetit do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb midis pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj dhe 'jasht\u00eb', dhe liga do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb kryesisht kompanit\u00eb dhe organizatat q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb krimin kibernetik dhe e ndihmojn\u00eb at\u00eb, e jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendet. Qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb kryesisht pranojn\u00eb idet\u00eb e nj\u00eb Interneti t\u00eb hapur, tolerant dhe demokratik do t\u00eb ken\u00eb stimuj p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr zbatimin e k\u00ebtyre rregullave, p\u00ebr t\u00eb u bashkuar me lig\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lidhje t\u00eb besueshme p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb dhe qytetar\u00ebt e tyre. Sigurisht, regjimet autoritare n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Rusi dhe vende t\u00eb tjera, shum\u00eb gjasa do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb refuzojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vizion. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb luten q\u00eb k\u00ebto qeveri t\u00eb sillen mir\u00eb, tani Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e saj duhet t\u00eb vendosin ligjin: t\u00eb ndjekin rregullat ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohen.<\/p>\n

Fundi i \u00ebndrrave p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Internet pa kufij<\/h2>\n

\nKur administrata Obama n\u00eb vitin 2011 publikoi Strategjin\u00eb Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Cyber Space, ajo paraqiti nj\u00eb Internet global q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte \"i hapur, nd\u00ebrveprues, t\u00eb sigurt dhe t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm\". N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Kina dhe Rusia e kontestuan k\u00ebt\u00eb, duke insistuar n\u00eb zbatimin e rregullave t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Internet. Peking, p\u00ebr shembull, d\u00ebshironte q\u00eb \u00e7do kritik\u00eb ndaj qeveris\u00eb kineze, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e paligjshme brenda Kin\u00ebs, t\u00eb ishte gjithashtu e ndaluar n\u00eb faqet e internetit t\u00eb SHBA. Moska, nga ana e saj, k\u00ebrkonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb nj\u00eb ekvivalent t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeve p\u00ebr kontrollin e arm\u00ebve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kibernetike, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rriti sulmet e saj kibernetike sulmuese. N\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, Kina dhe Rusia ende do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb Internetin global. Por ata shohin nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb krijimin e rrjetave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mbyllura dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e hapjes s\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Strategjia e Obam\u00ebs paralajm\u00ebronte se \"alternativa p\u00ebr hapjen globale dhe p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Internet i fragmentuar, ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e popullsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb aplikacione t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara dhe p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb \u00e7muar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb interesave politike t\u00eb disa vendeve\". Pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb Washingtonit p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb rezultat, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht ajo q\u00eb kemi arritur tani. Dhe administrata Trump b\u00ebri shum\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar strategjin\u00eb e SHBA. Strategjia komb\u00ebtare e siguris\u00eb kibernetike t\u00eb presidentit Donald Trump, e publikuar n\u00eb shtator 2018, apelon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \"Internet t\u00eb hapur, funksionalisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb sigurt\", duke p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur k\u00ebshtu mantr\u00ebn e strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb presidentit Barack Obama, duke nd\u00ebrruar her\u00eb pas here fjal\u00ebt \"t\u00eb sigurt\" dhe \"t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm\".<\/p>\n

Strategjia e Trump bazohet n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar lirin\u00eb e internetit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkufizon si \u00abushtrimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe lirive themelore n\u00eb internet, si liria e shprehjes, e asociimit, e tubimeve paq\u00ebsore, e fes\u00eb ose bindjeve dhe e drejta p\u00ebr privat\u00ebsi n\u00eb internet\u00bb. Edhe pse ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb synim i denj\u00eb, ai shp\u00ebrfill realitetin se n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende ku qytetar\u00ebt nuk i g\u00ebzojn\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb drejta \u00aboffline\u00bb, e aq m\u00eb pak n\u00eb internet, interneti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb streh\u00eb e sigurt, por m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nj\u00eb mjet represioni. Regjimet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrdorin inteligjenc\u00ebn artificiale p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndihmuar t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrin m\u00eb mir\u00eb popullsit\u00eb e tyre dhe kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb lidhin kamerat e v\u00ebzhgimit, transaksionet financiare dhe sistemet e transportit p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar baza gjigante t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash me informacion mbi veprimtarin\u00eb e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ushtria kineze e censor\u00ebve t\u00eb internetit, me dy milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz, po trajnohet p\u00ebr mbledhjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin e planifikuar t\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb \u00abkredive sociale\u00bb<\/b>, i cili do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e \u00e7do banori t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs dhe caktimin e shp\u00ebrblimeve e nd\u00ebshkimeve p\u00ebr veprime t\u00eb kryera si n\u00eb internet ashtu edhe jasht\u00eb tij. I ashtuquajturi Muri i Madh i Zjarrit i Kin\u00ebs, i cili ua ndalon njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb vend qasjen n\u00eb materiale n\u00eb internet q\u00eb Partia Komuniste e Kin\u00ebs i konsideron t\u00eb papranueshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb model p\u00ebr regjime t\u00eb tjera autoritare. Sipas Freedom House, zyrtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb kan\u00eb zhvilluar trajnime p\u00ebr krijimin e sistemeve t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjes s\u00eb internetit me koleg\u00eb n\u00eb 36 vende. N\u00eb 18 vende, Kina ka ndihmuar n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n

\"Liga
\nPran\u00eb zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Google n\u00eb Pekin nj\u00eb dit\u00eb pas njoftimit p\u00ebr planet e kompanis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar nga tregu kinez, janar 2010
\nGilles Sabrie \/ The New York Tim\u200bes \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i \u00abteknologjis\u00eb dixhitale\u00bb si lev\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nSi Estados Unidos y sus aliados pueden limitar el da\u00f1o que los reg\u00edmenes autoritarios pueden causar a Internet, as\u00ed como impedir que estos reg\u00edmenes utilicen las oportunidades de Internet para reprimir la disidencia? Se han propuesto diversas ideas para encargar a la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial del Comercio o a la ONU establecer reglas claras que aseguren el libre flujo de informaci\u00f3n y datos. Pero cualquier plan as\u00ed estar\u00eda condenado al fracaso, ya que para obtener aprobaci\u00f3n tendr\u00eda que contar con el respaldo de los mismos pa\u00edses a cuyos actos malintencionados est\u00e1 dirigido. Solo creando un bloque de pa\u00edses dentro de los cuales se pueden transmitir datos y prohibiendo el acceso de otros estados, los pa\u00edses occidentales podr\u00edan obtener alg\u00fan poder para cambiar el comportamiento de los 'malos' de Internet.<\/p>\n

La zona Schengen de Europa ofrece un modelo real en el que las personas y los bienes se mueven libremente, sin pasar por controles aduaneros e inmigratorios. Una vez que una persona ingresa a la zona a trav\u00e9s de un puesto de control fronterizo de un pa\u00eds, puede acceder a cualquier otro pa\u00eds sin pasar por otros controles aduaneros o inmigratorios. (Existen algunas excepciones, y varios pa\u00edses han implementado controles fronterizos limitados tras la crisis de migrantes de 2015.) El acuerdo para establecer la zona se convirti\u00f3 en parte de la legislaci\u00f3n de la UE en 1999; posteriormente se unieron pa\u00edses no pertenecientes a la UE como Islandia, Liechtenstein, Noruega y Suiza. El acuerdo excluy\u00f3 a Irlanda y al Reino Unido a solicitud de estos \u00faltimos.<\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Zon\u00ebn Shengen lidhet me tri k\u00ebrkesa q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb model p\u00ebr nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje digjitale. S\u00eb pari, vendet an\u00ebtare duhet t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb viza t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb nj\u00eb siguri t\u00eb besueshme n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm. S\u00eb dyti, ato duhet t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb koordinojn\u00eb veprimet e tyre me organet e zbatimit t\u00eb ligjit n\u00eb vendet e tjera an\u00ebtare. Dhe s\u00eb treti, ato duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur hyrjet dhe daljet n\u00eb zon\u00eb. Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebrcakton rregullat q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjen nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebrore dhe kushtet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat autoritetet mund t\u00eb ndjekin t\u00eb dyshuarit 'n\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e ngrohta' p\u00ebrmes kufijve. Kjo gjithashtu lejon ekstradimin e t\u00eb dyshuarve p\u00ebr krime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda nd\u00ebrmjet shteteve an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja krijon stimuj t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim dhe transparenc\u00eb. \u00c7do vend evropian q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e saj t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb, punojn\u00eb ose jetojn\u00eb kudo n\u00eb BE, duhet t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kontrollin e saj kufitar n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me standardet e Shengenit. Kat\u00ebr vende an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb \u2014 Bullgaria, Kroacia, Qipro dhe Rumania \u2014 nuk jan\u00eb pranuar n\u00eb Zon\u00ebn Shengen p\u00ebr shkak se nuk i p\u00ebrmbushin k\u00ebto standarde. Bullgaria dhe Rumania, megjithat\u00eb, jan\u00eb duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kontrollin e kufirit, q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsohen. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, stimujt po funksionojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por nj\u00eblloj t\u00eb till\u00eb stimuj mungojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar krimin kibernetik, spiunazhin ekonomik dhe probleme t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb epok\u00ebs digjitale. P\u00ebrpjekja m\u00eb e suksesshme e k\u00ebtyre, Konventa e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs p\u00ebr Krimin Kibernetik (e njohur gjithashtu si Konventa e Budapestit), p\u00ebrcakton t\u00eb gjitha veprimet e arsyeshme q\u00eb shtetet duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar krimin kibernetik. Ajo ofron ligje model, mekanizma t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar t\u00eb koordinimit dhe procedura t\u00eb thjeshtuara t\u00eb ekstradimit. Gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb e nj\u00eb vende e kan\u00eb ratifikuar traktatin. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb gjesh mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs t\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs s\u00eb Budapestit, sepse ajo nuk ka funksionuar: ajo nuk ofron ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim ose ndonj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr mosrespektimin e detyrimeve q\u00eb krijon.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, duhet evituar kjo grack\u00eb. M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb efikase p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb vendet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebrkesat e lig\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohet me ndalimin e produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/b> t\u00eb kompanive si Amazon, Facebook, Google dhe Microsoft, dhe t\u00eb bllokohet accessi i k\u00ebtyre kompanive n\u00eb portofolat e qindra milion konsumator\u00ebve n\u00eb SHBA dhe Evrop\u00eb. Liga nuk do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafikun nga jo-an\u00ebtar\u00ebt - nj\u00ebsoj si zona Schengen nuk mbyll t\u00eb gjitha mallrat dhe sh\u00ebrbimet nga jo-an\u00ebtar\u00ebt. N\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb, aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb filtruar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme gjith\u00eb trafikun e d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin komb\u00ebtar sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, qeverit\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dekoduar trafikun, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebm p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb sesa do ta ndihmoj\u00eb at\u00eb, dhe do t\u00eb shkel\u00eb privat\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe lirit\u00eb qytetare. Por liga do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb produktet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet nga kompani dhe organizata q\u00eb dihet se nxisin kriminalitetin kibernetik n\u00eb vendet jo-an\u00ebtare, si dhe do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb trafikun nga ofrues t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb internetit q\u00eb shkelin rregullat n\u00eb shtetet jo-an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, imagjinoni se si Ukraina, nj\u00eb streh\u00eb e njohur e sigurt p\u00ebr kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb, do t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohej me bllokimin e aksesit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt, kompanit\u00eb dhe qeveria e saj kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin dhe nga t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb varet zhvillimi i saj teknologjik. Qeveria ukrainase do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb stimula t\u00eb forta p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar m\u00eb n\u00eb fund bot\u00ebn e krimit kibernetik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar brenda kufijve t\u00eb vendit. K\u00ebto masa jan\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorshme kund\u00ebr Kin\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb: p\u00ebrfundimisht, Partia Komuniste e Kin\u00ebs dhe Kremlini kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tashm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e tyre nga Interneti global. Megjithat\u00eb, q\u00ebllimi i Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sjelljen e atyre 'keqb\u00ebr\u00ebsve ideologjik\u00eb', por t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb d\u00ebmin q\u00eb ata shkaktojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb inkurajoj\u00eb vende si Ukraina, Brazili, India t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb sukses n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr kriminalitetit kibernetik.<\/p>\n

Duke ruajtur lirin\u00eb e Internetit<\/h2>\n

\nParimi themelor i lig\u00ebs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ruajtja e liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes n\u00eb internet. Megjithat\u00eb, an\u00ebtar\u00ebve do t\u2019u lejohet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtime rast pas rasti. P\u00ebr shembull, edhe pse SHBA-ja nuk do t\u00eb detyrohet t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb kufizimet e BE-s\u00eb ndaj liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes, kompanive amerikane do t\u2019u duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb arsyeshme q\u00eb t\u00eb mos u shesin dhe t\u00eb mos ua shfaqin p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb internetit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e ndaluar. Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb, n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, do ta formalizonte status quo-n\u00eb. Por ajo do t\u2019i detyronte gjithashtu vendet per\u00ebndimore q\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb formale, t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i penguar shtete si Kina t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb vizionin oruellian t\u00eb \u201csiguris\u00eb s\u00eb informacionit\u201d, duke k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulur se disa forma t\u00eb shprehjes p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e tyre komb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebr shembull, Pekini u d\u00ebrgon rregullisht k\u00ebrkesa qeverive t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb sistemet<\/a> territorin e tyre, e cila kritikon regjimin kinez ose trajton grupe t\u00eb ndaluara nga regjimi n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, si Falun Gong. Shtetet e Bashkuara i hedhin posht\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb tilla, por t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt mund t\u00eb tundohen t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohen, sidomos pasi Kina u kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigj refuzimit t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb duke nisur sulme kibernetike ndaj burimeve t\u00eb materialit. Liga p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb e internetit do t\u2019u jap\u00eb shtys\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb t\u2019i refuzojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb tilla nga Kina: kjo do t\u00eb binte ndesh me rregullat, dhe vendet e tjera an\u00ebtare do t\u2019i ndihmonin t\u2019i mbronin nga \u00e7do hakmarrje.<\/p>\n

Liga do t'in\u00ebvoj\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm kontrolli p\u00ebr respektimin e rregullave nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj. Nj\u00eb mjet efektiv p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ruajtja dhe publikimi i treguesve t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr secilin pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs. Por nj\u00eb model p\u00ebr nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsimit mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb Grupin e P\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr Aktivitetet Financiare, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb p\u00ebr luftimin e pastrimit t\u00eb parave, e krijuar nga G-7 dhe Komisioni Evropian n\u00eb vitin 1989 dhe e financuar nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj. N\u00eb 37 vendet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb FATF kryhet shumica e operacioneve financiare n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit bien dakord t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb dhjetra politika, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb kriminalizojn\u00eb pastrimin e parave dhe financimin e terrorizmit, dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga bankat t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb verifikimin e duhur t\u00eb klient\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjeje t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb qendrore, FATF p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb sistem ku \u00e7do an\u00ebtar analizojn\u00eb periodikisht p\u00ebrpjekjet e nj\u00ebri-tjetrit dhe jep rekomandime. Vendet q\u00eb nuk respektojn\u00eb politikat e k\u00ebrkuara vendosen n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet \"lista gri\" e FATF, e cila k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb shqyrtim m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb. Kriminel\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb \"list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb\", duke detyruar bankat t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb kontrolle t\u00eb detajuara, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsojn\u00eb ose madje ndalojn\u00eb shum\u00eb transaksione.<\/p>\n

Si mund t\u00eb parandaloj\u00eb Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb aktivitetin keqdash\u00ebs n\u00eb vendet e saj an\u00ebtare? P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, ka nj\u00eb model t\u00eb sistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit publik. Liga do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb dhe financoj\u00eb nj\u00eb institucion t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me Organizat\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb sistemet e cenueshme online, do t\u00eb njoftoj\u00eb zot\u00ebrinjt\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre sistemeve dhe do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb p\u00ebr forcimin e tyre (analog me fushatat globale t\u00eb vaksinimit t\u00eb OBSH); do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb reagoj\u00eb ndaj programeve t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme dhe rrjet\u00ebve bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb d\u00ebme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (ekvivalenti i monitorimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimeve t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve); dhe do t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr reagimin n\u00ebse parandalimi d\u00ebshton (ekvivalenti i reagimit t\u00eb OBSH ndaj pandemive). An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e lig\u00ebs gjithashtu do t\u00eb bien dakord t\u00eb abstenojn\u00eb nga kryerja e sulmeve kibernetike ofensive kund\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit n\u00eb koh\u00eb paqeje. Ky premtim, natyrisht, nuk do t\u00eb parandaloj\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara ose aleat\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb sulme kibernetike ndaj rival\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt me siguri do t\u00eb mbesin jasht\u00eb lig\u00ebs, si Irani.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrtimi i barrierave<\/h2>\n

\nKrijimi i nj\u00eb Lige t\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb ndryshim rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e t\u00eb menduarit. Ideja se qasja n\u00eb internet, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, do t\u2019i transformoj\u00eb regjimet autoritare \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb sesa realitet. Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu dhe kjo nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb. Refuzimi p\u00ebr ta pranuar k\u00ebt\u00eb realitet \u00ebsht\u00eb pengesa m\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb qasje alternative. Megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se utopizmi teknologjik i epok\u00ebs s\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb internetit nuk i p\u00ebrshtatet bot\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme.<\/p>\n

Kompani t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb Lige t\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb, sepse p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira me Kin\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb qasje n\u00eb tregun kinez, nd\u00ebrsa zinxhir\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb furnizimit varen n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nga prodhuesit kinez\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kostot p\u00ebr k\u00ebto kompani do t\u00eb kompensohen pjes\u00ebrisht nga fakti se, duke e p\u00ebrjashtuar Kin\u00ebn, liga do t\u2019i mbroj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive nga konkurrenca q\u00eb vjen prej saj.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb Lig\u00eb e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb, e modeluar sipas zon\u00ebs Shengen, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr ta mbrojtur internetin nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb krijohen nga shtetet autoritare dhe aktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb keqdash\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb sistem i till\u00eb, pa dyshim, do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb pak global sesa interneti i lir\u00eb q\u00eb njohim sot. Por vet\u00ebm duke rritur koston e sjelljes keqdash\u00ebse, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e tyre mund t\u00eb shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb ulin rrezikun e krimit kibernetik dhe t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb d\u00ebmin q\u00eb regjime si ato n\u00eb Pekin dhe Mosk\u00eb mund t\u2019i shkaktojn\u00eb internetit.<\/p>\n

Autor\u00ebt:<\/p>\n

RICHARD A. CLARKE \u00ebsht\u00eb kryetar dhe drejtor ekzekutiv i Good Harbor Security Risk Management. Ai ka sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb qeverin\u00eb e SHBA-s\u00eb si k\u00ebshilltar special i presidentit p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kibernetike, ndihm\u00ebs special i presidentit p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet globale dhe koordinator komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb dhe luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr terrorizmit.<\/p>\n

ROB KNAKE \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues i lart\u00eb n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin p\u00ebr Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me Jasht\u00eb dhe studiues i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Institutin p\u00ebr Q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri Globale t\u00eb Universitetit Northeastern. Ai ka qen\u00eb drejtor p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn kibernetike n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare nga viti 2011 deri n\u00eb vitin 2015.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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