{"id":38969,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:11:21","slug":"liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","title":{"rendered":"Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Si si bim\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb regjimeve autoritare n\u00eb internet<\/h2>\n

\n\"Liga
\nDukemi? Nj\u00eb grua n\u00eb nj\u00eb internet kafe n\u00eb Pekin, korrik 2011
\nIm Chi Yin \/ The New York Times \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

M-\u00eb, me sa duket, do t'i paraprijm\u00eb \"sh\u00ebnimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyesit\". Teksti i zbuluar m\u00eb dukej interesante dhe diskutues. Ndryshimi i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb tekst \u00ebsht\u00eb \"boldet\". E drejta time personale e shprehjes e kam lejuar t\u00eb shprehet n\u00eb etiketa. \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEpoka e lindjes s\u00eb Internetit ishte e mbushur me shpresa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Regjimet autoritare, duke u p\u00ebrballur me zgjedhjen \u2014 t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb ri global t\u00eb komunikimeve ose t\u00eb mbeten jasht\u00eb, do t\u00eb zgjidhnin t\u00eb lidhen me t\u00eb. Duke u menduar m\u00eb tej me syze roz\u00eb: rrjedhat e informacionit dhe ideve t\u00eb reja nga \"bota e jashtme\" do t\u00eb shtynin zhvillimin drejt hapjes ekonomike dhe liberalizimit politik. N\u00eb fakt, ndodhi di\u00e7ka krejt\u00ebsisht e kund\u00ebrt. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb vlerave demokratike dhe ideve liberale, Interneti u b\u00eb baza e spiunazhit t\u00eb shteteve autoritare n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Regjimet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Rusi etj. p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn infrastruktur\u00ebn e Internetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar rrjetet e tyre t\u00eb kombshme. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ata nd\u00ebrtuan barriera teknike dhe ligjore p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar kufizimin e aksesit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb disa burime dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar aksesin e kompanive per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb tregjet e tyre digjitale.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nMegjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht shqet\u00ebsimeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb Washington dhe Bruxelles p\u00ebr planet p\u00ebr ndarjen e Internetit, gj\u00ebja e fundit q\u00eb Pekini dhe Moska duan, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndjehen t\u00eb izoluar n\u00eb rrjetet e tyre dhe t\u00eb preken nga infrastruktura globale e Internetit. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, atyre u nevojitet qasje n\u00eb Internet p\u00ebr t\u00eb vjedhur pron\u00eb intelektuale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur propagand\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet e vendeve t\u00eb tjera dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar infrastruktur\u00ebn kruciale n\u00eb vendet konkuruese. Kina dhe Rusia n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb rinovonin Internetin \u2013 sipas standardeve t\u00eb tyre dhe t\u00eb detyronin bot\u00ebn t\u00eb luaj\u00eb sipas rregullave t\u00eb tyre represive. Por ata nuk arrit\u00ebn ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ata rrisin p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar fortigjet e qasjes n\u00eb tregjet e tyre, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Internet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar vulnerabilitetet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme si pasoj\u00eb e liris\u00eb digjitale dhe hapjes per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n

Shtetet e Bashkuara, aleat\u00ebt dhe partner\u00ebt e tyre duhet t\u00eb ndalin shqet\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr rrezikun e ndarjes s\u00eb Internetit nga regjimet autoritare. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ata duhet t\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndara vet\u00eb<\/b>, duke krijuar nj\u00eb bllok digjital, brenda t\u00eb cilit informacioni, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe produktet mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin lirsh\u00ebm, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar vendet q\u00eb nuk respektojn\u00eb lirin\u00eb e shprehjes ose t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr privat\u00ebsi, angazhohen n\u00eb veprimtari n\u00ebnvijuese ose ofrojn\u00eb strehim t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb till\u00eb, vendet q\u00eb pranojn\u00eb konceptin e nj\u00eb Interneti v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb sigurt do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin dhe zgjeronin p\u00ebrfitimet e lidhjes, nd\u00ebrsa vendet q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koncept nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb at\u00eb. Q\u00ebllimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb versioni digjital i marr\u00ebveshjes Shengen<\/b>, i cili mbron l\u00ebvizjen e lir\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. 26 vende t\u00eb zon\u00ebs Shengen ndjekin nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb till\u00eb rregullash dhe mekanizmash p\u00ebr zbatimin e tyre; vende q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb izoluara.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto lloj marr\u00ebveshjesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr ruajtjen e nj\u00eb Interneti t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hapur. Washingtoni duhet t\u00eb formoj\u00eb nj\u00eb koalicion q\u00eb bashkon p\u00ebrdoruesit e Internetit, kompanit\u00eb dhe vendet rreth vlerave demokratike, respektit p\u00ebr sundimin e ligjit dhe tregtis\u00eb digjitale t\u00eb drejt\u00eb: Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb<\/b>. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb shtetet q\u00eb nuk i ndajn\u00eb k\u00ebto vlera me akses t\u00eb pakusht\u00ebzuar n\u00eb internet dhe n\u00eb tregjet dhe teknologjit\u00eb digjitale per\u00ebndimore, koalicioni i udh\u00ebhequr nga SHBA duhet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb kushte ku jo-an\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00eb barrierat q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb \u00e7muara q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb marrin dhe d\u00ebm q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb. Liga nuk do t\u00eb ngrej\u00eb nj\u00eb perdet digjitale t\u00eb hekur; t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb faz\u00ebn fillestare, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e trafikut t\u00eb internetit do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb midis pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve t\u00eb saj dhe 'jasht\u00eb', dhe liga do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb kryesisht kompanit\u00eb dhe organizatat q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb krimin kibernetik dhe e mb\u00ebshtesin at\u00eb, jo t\u00eb t\u00ebra vendet. Qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi pranojn\u00eb idet\u00eb e nj\u00eb Interneti t\u00eb hapur, tolerant dhe demokratik do t\u00eb ken\u00eb stimuj p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar zbatimin e tij, p\u00ebr t\u00eb u b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e lig\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lidhje t\u00eb besueshme p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb dhe qytetar\u00ebt e tyre. Sigurisht, regjimet autoritare n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Rusi dhe vende t\u00eb tjera ndoshta do ta refuzojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vizion. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb lypin nga k\u00ebto qeveri q\u00eb t\u00eb sillen mir\u00eb, tani Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e tyre duhet t\u00eb vendosin ligjin: ndjekni rregullat ose shk\u00ebputuni.<\/p>\n

Fundos p\u00ebr \u00ebndrrat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Internet pa kufij<\/h2>\n

\nKur administrata Obama n\u00eb vitin 2011 publikoi strategjin\u00eb e saj Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Cyber Hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn, ajo paraqiste nj\u00eb Internet global q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte \"i hapur, interoperab\u00ebl, i sigurt dhe t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm\". N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Kina dhe Rusia insistonin n\u00eb zbatimin e rregullave t\u00eb tyre mbi Internetin. Pekini, p\u00ebr shembull, d\u00ebshironte q\u00eb \u00e7do kritik\u00eb ndaj qeveris\u00eb kineze, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e paligjshme brenda Kin\u00ebs, t\u00eb ndalohej gjithashtu n\u00eb faqet e internetit t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb. Moska, nga ana e saj, k\u00ebrkonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ur ekuivalentin e traktateve p\u00ebr kontrollin e arm\u00ebve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kibernetike, duke rritur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht sulmet e saj kibernetike sulmuese. N\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn afatgjat\u00eb, Kina dhe Rusia ende do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb ndikim mbi Internetin global. Por ata shohin nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb krijimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mbyllura dhe n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb hapur t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet e tyre.<\/p>\n

Strategjia e Obam\u00ebs paralajm\u00ebroi se \"alternativa ndaj hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs globale t\u00eb hapur dhe nd\u00ebrveprueshm\u00ebris\u00eb funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Internet i fragmentuar, ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e popullsis\u00eb globale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pa qasje n\u00eb aplikacione komplekse dhe p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb vlefshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb interesave politike t\u00eb disa vendeve.\" Pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb Uashingtonit p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb rezultat, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kemi p\u00ebrfunduar tani. Dhe administrata Trump b\u00ebri shum\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar strategjin\u00eb amerikane. Strategjia komb\u00ebtare e kibernetik\u00ebs e presidentit Donald Trump, e publikuar n\u00eb Shtator 2018, k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb \"Internet t\u00eb hapur, nd\u00ebrveprues funksional, t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb sigurt\", duke p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur k\u00ebshtu mantr\u00ebn e strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb presidentit Barack Obama, duke nd\u00ebrruar her\u00eb pas here fjal\u00ebt \"t\u00eb sigurt\" dhe \"t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm.\"<\/p>\n

Strategjia e Trumpit bazohet n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar lirin\u00eb e Internetit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajo e p\u00ebrcakton si \"realizimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe lirive themelore n\u00eb Internet, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb liria e shprehjes, e bashkimit, e mbledhjeve paq\u00ebsore, e fetar\u00ebve ose bindjeve dhe e drejtave p\u00ebr privat\u00ebsi n\u00eb Internet\". Megjith\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim i merituar, ajo injoron realitetin se n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende, ku qytetar\u00ebt nuk e g\u00ebzojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb drejta n\u00eb 'offline', aq m\u00eb pak n\u00eb Internet, Interneti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb streh\u00eb e sigurt, por m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nj\u00eb instrument represiv. Regjimet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe vende t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrdorin inteligjenc\u00ebn artificiale p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjen m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb tyre dhe kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb lidhen kamerat e survejimit, transaksionet financiare dhe sistemet e transportit p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash me informacion mbi aktivitetet e individ\u00ebve. Shtabi i censor\u00ebve t\u00eb internetit t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga dy milion njer\u00ebz, po trajnohet p\u00ebr grumbullimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr t'u integruar n\u00eb sistemin e planifikuar t\u00eb pik\u00ebve t\u00eb 'kredive sociale' \"kredive sociale\"<\/b>, e cila do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e \u00e7do banori t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs dhe caktimin e shp\u00ebrblimeve dhe d\u00ebnimeve p\u00ebr veprimet e kryera si n\u00eb internet ashtu edhe offline. E ashtuquajtura Firewall-i i Madh i Kin\u00ebs, i cili ndalon njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb qasje n\u00eb materiale n\u00eb internet q\u00eb Partia Komuniste e Kin\u00ebs e konsideron t\u00eb papranueshme, ka sh\u00ebrbyer si model p\u00ebr regjime t\u00eb tjera autoritare. Sipas Freedom House, zyrtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb kan\u00eb zhvilluar trajnim p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e sistemeve t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjes n\u00eb internet me koleg\u00ebt n\u00eb 36 vende. N\u00eb 18 vende Kina ka ndihmuar n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e k\u00ebtyre rrjeteve.<\/p>\n

\"Liga
\nPran\u00eb zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Google n\u00eb Pekin nj\u00eb dit\u00eb pas njoftimit p\u00ebr planet e kompanis\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u larguar nga tregu kinez, janar 2010
\nGilles Sabrie \/ The New York Tim\u200bes \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i \u2018numrit\u2019 si nj\u00eb lev\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nSi Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe aleat\u00ebt e saj mund t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb d\u00ebmin q\u00eb regjimet autoritare mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb n\u00eb Internet dhe t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb k\u00ebto regjime q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e Internetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur q\u00ebndrimet e ndryshme? U shfaq\u00ebn propozime p\u00ebr t'ia dor\u00ebzuar Organizatat Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Tregtis\u00eb ose OKB-s\u00eb vendosjen e rregullave t\u00eb qarta q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb nj\u00eb fluks t\u00eb lir\u00eb informacioni dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Por \u00e7do plan i till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte i d\u00ebshtuar, pasi p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb miratimin, ai do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb siguronte mb\u00ebshtetje nga ato vende q\u00eb jan\u00eb targetuar p\u00ebr aktivitetet e tyre t\u00eb keqe. Vet\u00ebm duke krijuar nj\u00eb bllok vendesh, brenda t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb transmetohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, dhe duke ndaluar aksesin e vendeve t\u00eb tjera, vendet per\u00ebndimore mund t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb dh\u00ebmb\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar sjelljen e 'keqb\u00ebr\u00ebsve' t\u00eb Internetit.<\/p>\n

Zona Shengen e Evrop\u00ebs ofron nj\u00eb model t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ku njer\u00ebzit dhe mallrat l\u00ebvizin lirisht, pa kaluar kontrolle doganore dhe imigracioni. Sapo nj\u00eb person hyn n\u00eb zon\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb pike kufitare t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti, ai ose ajo mund t\u00eb aksesoj\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo shteti tjet\u00ebr, pa kaluar kontrolle t\u00eb tjera doganore ose imigracioni. (Ekzistojn\u00eb disa p\u00ebrjashtime, dhe disa vende kan\u00eb vendosur kontrolle kufitare t\u00eb kufizuara pas kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb migrant\u00ebve n\u00eb vitin 2015.) Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr krijimin e zon\u00ebs b\u00ebri pjes\u00eb n\u00eb legjislacionin e BE-s\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1999; m\u00eb pas iu bashkuan edhe vendet jasht\u00eb BE-s\u00eb si Islanda, Lihtenshtajni, Norvegjia dhe Zvicra. Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebrjashtoi Irland\u00ebn dhe Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Zon\u00ebn Shengen \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me tre k\u00ebrkesa, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb model p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen digjitale. S\u00eb pari, shtetet an\u00ebtare duhet t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb viza t\u00eb bashkuara dhe t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb siguri t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm. S\u00eb dyti, ato duhet t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb koordinojn\u00eb veprimet e tyre me organet e rendit n\u00eb vendet e tjera an\u00ebtare. Dhe s\u00eb treti, ato duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur hyrjet dhe daljet n\u00eb zon\u00eb. Marr\u00ebveshja vendos rregullat q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjen nd\u00ebrkufitare dhe kushtet n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilat autoritetet mund t\u00eb ndjekin t\u00eb dyshuarit p\u00ebr \"gjurm\u00ebt e nxehta\" p\u00ebrmes kufijve. Kjo gjithashtu lejon ekstradimin e t\u00eb dyshuarve p\u00ebr krime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda midis shteteve an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja krijon stimuj t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim dhe transparenc\u00eb. \u00c7do vend evropian q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb, punojn\u00eb ose jetojn\u00eb kudo n\u00eb BE, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtat\u00eb kontrollin e tij kufitar me standardet Shengen. Kat\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb \u2014 Bullgaria, Kroacia, Qipro dhe Rumania \u2014 nuk jan\u00eb lejuar n\u00eb zon\u00ebn Shengen pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosplotesimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre standardeve. Megjithat\u00eb, Bullgaria dhe Rumania jan\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kontrollit kufitar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb bashkohen. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, stimujt po funksionojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por t\u00eb till\u00eb stimuj nuk ka n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb luftimin e krimeve kibernetike, spiunazhit ekonomik dhe problemeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb epok\u00ebs digjitale. P\u00ebrpjekja m\u00eb e suksesshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, Konventa e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs p\u00ebr Krime Kibernetike (e njohur edhe si Konventa e Budapestit), p\u00ebrcakton t\u00eb gjitha veprimet e arsyeshme q\u00eb shtetet duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar krimet kibernetike. Ajo ofron ligje modele, mekanizma t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar koordinimi dhe procedura t\u00eb thjeshtuara t\u00eb ekstradimit. Nj\u00ebzet e nj\u00eb vende e kan\u00eb ratifikuar marr\u00ebveshjen. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb gjesh mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs t\u00eb Konvent\u00ebs s\u00eb Budapestit, sepse ajo nuk ka funksionuar: nuk ofron ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim ose ndonj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr moszbatimin e detyrimeve q\u00eb krijon.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb Liga e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shmanget kjo kurth. M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr t'i nxjerr\u00eb vendet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebrkesat e lig\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb ato me heqjen e produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/b> kompanive si Amazon, Facebook, Google dhe Microsoft, duke bllokuar aksesin e k\u00ebtyre kompanive te portofolat e qindra milion konsumator\u00ebve n\u00eb SHBA dhe Evrop\u00eb. Liga nuk do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nga ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb \u2014 ashtu si\u00e7 zona Shengen nuk i mbyll t\u00eb gjitha mallrat dhe sh\u00ebrbimet nga ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, sot teknologjit\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb filtrojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafikun e d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivele komb\u00ebtare. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, kjo do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb qeverit\u00eb t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb deshifronin trafikun, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb sigurin\u00eb sesa do ta ndihmonte at\u00eb, duke shkelur privat\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe lirit\u00eb civile. Por liga do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb produktet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet nga kompanit\u00eb dhe organizatat q\u00eb dihet se ndihmojn\u00eb krimin kibernetik n\u00eb vendet q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb, si dhe do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb trafikun nga ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb internetit q\u00eb shkelin rregullat n\u00eb shtetet q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, imagjinoni n\u00ebse Ukrain\u00ebs, nj\u00eb streh\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb, i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohej ndalimi i aksesit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet t\u00eb cilat qytetar\u00ebt, kompanit\u00eb dhe qeveria e saj tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar, dhe t\u00eb cilat ndihmojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm zhvillimin teknologjik t\u00eb saj. Qeveria ukrainase do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb stimuluar t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar p\u00ebrfundimisht me bot\u00ebn e krimit kibernetik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar brenda kufijve t\u00eb vendit. K\u00ebto masa jan\u00eb t\u00eb padobishme kund\u00ebr Kin\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb: n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, Partia Komuniste e Kin\u00ebs dhe Kremlini tashm\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb mundur p\u00ebr t\u00eb izoluar qytetar\u00ebt e tyre nga Interneti global. Megjithat\u00eb, q\u00ebllimi i Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sjelljen e k\u00ebtyre 'ideolog\u00ebve' keqb\u00ebr\u00ebs, por t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb d\u00ebmton q\u00eb ata shkaktojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb inkurajoj\u00eb vende si Ukraina, Brazili, India t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb suksese n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr krimit kibernetik.<\/p>\n

Ruajtja e liris\u00eb n\u00eb Internet<\/h2>\n

\nPrincipi themelor t\u00eb lig\u00ebs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbajtja e liris\u00eb s\u00eb fjal\u00ebs n\u00eb internet. Megjithat\u00eb, an\u00ebtar\u00ebve do t'u lejohet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtime n\u00eb \u00e7do rast t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, ndon\u00ebse SHBA-ja nuk do t\u00eb detyrohet t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb kufizimet e BE-s\u00eb mbi lirin\u00eb e fjal\u00ebs, kompanit\u00eb amerikane do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb arsyeshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos shitur ose shfaqur p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb ndaluar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e internetit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Ky qasje do t\u00eb forconte n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe status quo-n\u00eb. Por kjo gjithashtu do t'i obligonte vendet per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushnin m\u00eb formalisht detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar vende si Kina nga realizimi i vizionit orwellian t\u00eb \"siguris\u00eb informative\", duke insistuar se forma t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb shprehjes paraqesin nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr ta. P\u00ebr shembull, Pekini rregullisht d\u00ebrgon k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr qeverit\u00eb e tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr p\u00ebrmbajtjen e publikuar n\u00eb server\u00eb<\/a> n\u00eb territorin e tyre, i cili kritikon regjimin kinez ose diskutohet p\u00ebr grupe t\u00eb ndaluara nga regjimi n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, si Falun Gong. Shtetet e Bashkuara i hedhin posht\u00eb k\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa, por t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt mund t\u00eb tundohen t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb, sidomos pasi Kina ka nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb kund\u00ebrveprime ndaj refuzimit t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, duke filluar sulme kibernetike ndaj burimeve t\u00eb materialeve. Liga e Liris\u00eb s\u00eb Internetit do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitje p\u00ebr vendet e tjera q\u00eb t\u00eb mohojn\u00eb k\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs: kjo do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb shkelje e rregullave, dhe vendet e tjera an\u00ebtare do t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb mbrojtjen e tyre nga ndonj\u00eb hakmarrje.<\/p>\n

Liga do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm kontrolli p\u00ebr zbatimin e rregullave nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj. Nj\u00eb mjet efektiv p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbajtja dhe publikimi i sh\u00ebnuesve t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr secilin pjes\u00ebtar. Por modeli p\u00ebr nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsimit mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb Grupin e P\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr Aktivitetet Financiare, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr pastrimit t\u00eb parave, e krijuar nga G-7 dhe Komisioni Evropian n\u00eb vitin 1989, e financuar nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj. 37 vendet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb FATF p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e operacioneve financiare n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit bien dakord t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra politika, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kriminalizimin e pastrimit t\u00eb parave dhe financimit t\u00eb terrorizmit, dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga bankat t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb verifikim t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb klient\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb mbikqyrjeje t\u00eb centralizuar t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, FATF p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb sistem ku \u00e7do an\u00ebtar analizon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rotative p\u00ebrpjekjet e tjetrit dhe jep rekomandime. Vendet q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmbushin politikat e k\u00ebrkuara p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet 'lista gri' e FATF, e cila k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb shqyrtim m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluar. Kriminel\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb 'list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb', duke detyruar bankat t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb kontrollet e detajuara, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsojn\u00eb ose madje ndalojn\u00eb shum\u00eb Transaksione.<\/p>\n

Si Lidhja e Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb parandaloj\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme n\u00eb shtetet an\u00ebtare? Edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb, ekziston nj\u00eb model nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr sistemin e sh\u00ebndetit publik. Lidhja do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb dhe financoj\u00eb nj\u00eb institucion t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me Organizat\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb sistemet online t\u00eb cenueshme, do t'i njoftoj\u00eb pronar\u00ebt e k\u00ebtyre sistemeve dhe do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb p\u00ebr forcimin e tyre (analog me fushatat globale t\u00eb vaksinimit t\u00eb OBSH); do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet ndaj programeve t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme dhe rrjeteve t\u00eb robot\u00ebve para se ato t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb d\u00ebme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (ekvivalenti i monitorimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimeve t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve); dhe do t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr reagimin n\u00ebse parandalimi d\u00ebshton (ekvivalenti i reagimit t\u00eb OBSH ndaj pandemi). An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e lidhjes gjithashtu do t\u00eb bien dakord t\u00eb abstenuar nga kryerja e sulmeve kibernetike nj\u00ebri ndaj tjetrit n\u00eb koh\u00eb paqe. Ky premtim, natyrisht, nuk do ta pengonte Shtetet e Bashkuara ose aleat\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb fillonin sulme kibernetike ndaj rival\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e sigurt se do t\u00eb mbeten jasht\u00eb lidhjes, si Irani.<\/p>\n

Duke vendosur barriera<\/h2>\n

\nKrijimi i Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb ndryshim radikal t\u00eb mend\u00ebsis\u00eb. Ideja se lidhja me Internetin do t\u00eb transformonte p\u00ebrfundimisht regjimet autoritare \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e bukur. Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, kjo nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb. Mospranimi i k\u00ebsaj realiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb pengesa m\u00eb e madhe ndaj nj\u00eb qasje alternative. Megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se utopizmi teknologjik i epok\u00ebs s\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb Internetit \u00ebsht\u00eb i pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm n\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne.<\/p>\n

Kompani per\u00ebndimore teknologjike do t\u00eb ken\u00eb sigurisht q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar krijimin e Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb Internetit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se ato punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb qet\u00ebsuar Kin\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar akses n\u00eb tregun kinez, sepse zinxhir\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb furnizimit n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra varen nga prodhuesit kinez\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kostot e k\u00ebtyre kompanive do t\u00eb kompensohen pjes\u00ebrisht nga fakti se duke e shk\u00ebputur Kin\u00ebn, liga do t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb efektivisht ato nga konkurrenca nga ana e saj.<\/p>\n

Liga e Liris\u00eb s\u00eb Internetit sipas modelit t\u00eb zon\u00ebs Shengen \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar Internetin nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb krijohen nga shtetet autoritare dhe nga \"kriminel\u00ebt\" e tjer\u00eb. Ky sistem do t\u00eb jet\u00eb padyshim m\u00eb pak global se sa Interneti aktual i lir\u00eb. Por vet\u00ebm duke rritur koston e sjelljeve keqdash\u00ebse, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe miqt\u00eb e tyre mund t\u00eb shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb rrezikun e krimit kibernetik dhe t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb d\u00ebmin q\u00eb regjime t\u00eb tilla si ato n\u00eb Pekin dhe Mosk\u00eb mund t'i shkaktojn\u00eb Internetit.<\/p>\n

Shkruar nga:<\/p>\n

RICHARD A. CLARKE \u00ebsht\u00eb kryetar dhe drejtor ekzekutiv i Good Harbor Security Risk Management. Ai ka sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb qeverin\u00eb e SHBA si k\u00ebshilltar special i presidentit p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb kibernetik\u00eb, si ndihm\u00ebs special i presidentit p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje globale dhe si koordinatori komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb dhe luft\u00ebn ndaj terrrorizmit.<\/p>\n

ROB KNAKE \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkues i lart\u00eb n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin p\u00ebr Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe k\u00ebrkues i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Institutin e Q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb Globale t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Northeastern. Ai ishte drejtor i politikave kibernetike n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare nga viti 2011 deri n\u00eb vitin 2015.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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