{"id":39036,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","slug":"dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","title":{"rendered":"Dyt\u00eb dimensionale: krijimi i heterostrukturave borofen-grafen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dyt\u00eb
\n
\n\u00abMutacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e misterit t\u00eb evolucionit. Rruga e zhvillimit nga organizmat m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb deri tek speciet biologjike dominuese zgjat mij\u00ebra vjet. Por \u00e7do qind mij\u00eb vjet n\u00eb evolucion ndodh nj\u00eb skak t\u00eb papritur p\u00ebrpara\u00bb (Charles Xavier, Njerezit e X, viti 2000). N\u00ebse hiqet \u00e7do element shkencor-fantastik, i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb komike dhe filma, fjal\u00ebt e profesor X jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta. Zhvillimi i \u00e7do gj\u00ebje ndodh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebtrajtshme p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs, por ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodhin skakje q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb procesin. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb evolucionin e specieve, por edhe n\u00eb evolucionin e teknologjive, motor kryesor i t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, k\u00ebrkimet e tyre dhe shpikjet. Sot do t\u00eb njohim nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim, i cili sipas autor\u00ebve t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb skak t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb nanoteknologji. Si ia dol\u00ebn shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Universiteteve t\u00eb Veriut (SHBA) t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb heterostruktur\u00eb t\u00eb re dy dimensionale, pse grafeni dhe borofeni u zgjodh\u00ebn si baz\u00eb dhe cilat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb karakteristikat e tilla t\u00eb sistemit? K\u00ebt\u00eb do ta tregoj\u00eb raporti i grupit k\u00ebrkues. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e k\u00ebrkimit<\/h3>\n

\nTermi \u00abgrafen\u00bb e kemi d\u00ebgjuar shum\u00eb her\u00eb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb modifikim dy dimensional i karbonit, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb atomesh t\u00eb karbonit me trash\u00ebsi 1 atom. Por \u00abborofeni\u00bb haset shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb. Ky term p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb kristal dy dimensional, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb ekskluzivisht nga atome bor (B). P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, mund\u00ebsia e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb borofenit u parashikua n\u00eb fillimet e viteve '90, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, arritja e k\u00ebsaj strukture \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2015. <\/p>\n

Struktura atomike e borofenit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga elemente trek\u00ebnd\u00ebshe dhe hexagonale dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i interaksionit midis lidhjeve dyt\u00ebqendrore dhe shum\u00ebqendrore brenda p\u00ebrfundimeve, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr elementet me deficite elektronike, t\u00eb cilat i p\u00ebrkasin borit.<\/p>\n

*<\/b>Me lidhjet dyt\u00ebqendrore dhe shum\u00ebqendrore n\u00ebnkuptohen lidhjet kimike \u2014 nd\u00ebrveprimi midis atomeve, q\u00eb karakterizon stabilitetin e molekul\u00ebs ose kristalit si nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb lidhje dyt\u00ebqendrore dy elektronike ndodh kur 2 atome ndajn\u00eb 2 elektrone, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb lidhje dyt\u00ebqendrore tre elektronike ndodh kur 2 atome ndajn\u00eb 3 elektrone etj.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje fizike, borofeni mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb dhe m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl n\u00eb krahasim me grafenin. Gjithashtu mendohet se strukturat borofene mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs efektiv p\u00ebr baterit\u00eb, pasi borofeni ka kapacitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb specifik dhe veti unike t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektronike dhe transferimit t\u00eb joneve. Megjithat\u00eb, deri tani kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb teori.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb element tri-valent*<\/i>, bora ka t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 allotrop*<\/i>. N\u00eb form\u00ebn binjake, nj\u00eb polimorfiz\u00ebm*<\/i> observohet gjithashtu. <\/p>\n

Elementi tri-valent*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb formoj\u00eb tre lidhje kovalente, me valenticitet t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me tre. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Allotropia*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb kur nj\u00eb element kimik mund t\u00eb prezantohet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb substancave t\u00eb thjeshta. Si nj\u00eb shembull, karbonin e gjejm\u00eb si diamante, grafen, grafit, nanotuba karbonik\u00eb, etj.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Polimorfizmi*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb substance p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzistuar n\u00eb struktura kristalor\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme (modifikime polimorfe). N\u00eb rastin e substancave t\u00eb thjeshta, ky term \u00ebsht\u00eb sinonim me allotropin\u00eb. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Duke marr\u00eb parasysh k\u00ebt\u00eb polimorfiz\u00ebm t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, lind supozimi se borofeni mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb kandidat i shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr krijimin e heterostrukturave t\u00eb reja binjake, pasi konfiguracionet e ndryshme t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb borit duhet t\u00eb dob\u00ebsojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr pajtimin e rrjetit kristalor. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, problemet jan\u00eb hetuar deri tani vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivel teorik p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive n\u00eb sintez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr materialet 2D t\u00eb zakonshme q\u00eb jan\u00eb prodhuar nga kristalet lam\u00eb t\u00eb volumin, heterostrukturat vertikale mund t\u00eb realizohen p\u00ebrmes vendosjes mekanike. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, heterostrukturat binjake laterale jan\u00eb t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb sintez\u00ebn ngrit\u00ebse. Heterostrukturat laterale me sakt\u00ebsi atomike kan\u00eb potencial t\u00eb madh n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve me kontrollin e funksionaliteteve t\u00eb heterokonjuktave, megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lidhjes kovalente, pajtimi i pap\u00ebrsosur i rrjetit zakonisht \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb \u00e7rregullt. Prandaj, ka potencial, por ka edhe probleme n\u00eb realizimin e tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb punim, studiuesve iu arrit t\u00eb integrojn\u00eb borofenin dhe grafenin n\u00eb nj\u00eb heterostruktur\u00eb dy dimensionale. Megjith\u00ebse kishte nj\u00eb moskoherenc\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetat kristalore dhe simetrin\u00eb mes borofenit dhe grafenit, deposita e vazhdueshme e karbonit dhe borit mbi nj\u00eb substrat Ag(111) n\u00eb vakuum t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm (UHV) \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb heterointerface laterale pothuajse me precizitet atomik me p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebri t\u00eb parashikuar t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs, si dhe n\u00eb heterointerfaces vertikale. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebr studim<\/h3>\n

\nPara se t\u00eb studiohej heterostruktura, ajo duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitej. Rritja e grafenit dhe borofenit u realizua n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb vakuumi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm me presion 1x10-10 mili-bar.<\/p>\n

Substrati monokristalor Ag(111) u pastrua p\u00ebrmes cikleve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb sp\u00ebrkatjes Ar+(1 x 10-5 mili-bar, energjia 800 eV, 30 minuta) dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb termike (550 \u00b0C, 45 minuta) deri n\u00eb arritjen e nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqeje Ag(111) plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb shesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Rritja e grafenit u krye p\u00ebrmes avullimit me elektron\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb shufre grafiti t\u00eb past\u00ebr (99,997%) me diamet\u00ebr 2.0 mm mbi substratin Ag(111) t\u00eb ngrohur n\u00eb 750 \u00b0C me nj\u00eb corrente t\u00eb nxehjes prej ~ 1.6 A dhe nj\u00eb tension akcelerues prej ~ 2 kV, i cili ofron nj\u00eb trenut t\u00eb emisionit prej ~ 70 mA dhe fluks karboni prej ~ 40 nA. Presioni n\u00eb dhom\u00eb ishte 1 x 10-9 mili-bar.<\/p>\n

Rritja e borofenit u realizua p\u00ebrmes avullimit me elektron\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb shufre borit t\u00eb past\u00ebr (99,9999%) mbi nj\u00eb grafen t\u00eb n\u00ebnmonoskat q\u00eb ishte ngrohur n\u00eb 400-500 \u00b0C mbi Ag(111). Correnti i nxehjes ishte ~ 1.5 A, dhe tensioni akcelerues 1.75 kV, \u00e7ka jepte nj\u00eb trenut t\u00eb emisionit prej ~ 34 mA dhe fluks bore prej ~ 10 nA. Presioni n\u00eb dhom\u00eb gjat\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb borofenit ishte rreth 2 x 10-10 mili-bar.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e studimit<\/h3>\n

\n\"Dyt\u00eb
\nImazhi Nr. 1<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazh 1A<\/b> tregohet STM*<\/i> fotografia e grafenit t\u00eb rritur, ku dominet e grafenit jan\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri vizualizuar me ndihm\u00ebn e hart\u00ebs dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> (1B<\/b>), ku I<\/i> dhe V<\/i> \u2014 rrjedha tunelore dhe zhvendosja e mostr\u00ebs, dhe d<\/i> \u2014 dend\u00ebsia. <\/p>\n

STM*<\/b> \u2014 mikroskopi tunelues skanues.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> hartat e mostr\u00ebs lejuan t\u00eb shihnim nj\u00eb densitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb grafenit n\u00eb krahasim me substratin Ag(111). N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me studimet e m\u00ebparshme, gjendja sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore e Ag(111) ka nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb shkallore, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur drejt energjive pozitive n\u00eb dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> spektrin e grafenit (1C<\/b>), \u00e7ka shpjegon densitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb grafenit mbi 1B<\/b> n\u00eb 0.3 eV.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazh 1D<\/b> ne mund t\u00eb shohim struktur\u00ebn e grafenit nj\u00eboshtor, ku struktura e rrjet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00eb e dukshme dhe struktura moire*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Shtresa* <\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjeve kristalor, e cila p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet me nj\u00eb interval t\u00eb caktuar dhe krijon k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb re me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr alternimi. <\/p>\n

Moir\u00e9*<\/b> \u2014 mbivendosja e dy grilave periodike nj\u00ebra mbi tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb temperatura m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, rritja \u00e7on n\u00eb formimin e grupeve dendritike dhe defektive grafenike. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimeve t\u00eb dob\u00ebta mes grafenit dhe substratit posht\u00eb, orientimi rotativ i grafenit n\u00eb lidhje me Ag (111) n\u00ebnlidh\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb unik.<\/p>\n

Pas depozitimit t\u00eb borit, mikroskopia tunneling skanuese (1E<\/b>) tregoi pranin\u00eb e lidhjes s\u00eb grupeve borofenike dhe grafenike. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb imazh duken zona brenda grafenit, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb von\u00eb u p\u00ebrcaktuan si grafen e interkalizuar me bor (t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb fotografi Gr\/B<\/b>). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb gjithashtu duken qart\u00eb elemente lineare, t\u00eb orientuara n\u00eb tri drejtime t\u00eb ndara me nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd prej 120 \u00b0 (shigjetat e verdha).<\/p>\n

\"Dyt\u00eb
\nImazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Fotografia n\u00eb 2A<\/b>, si dhe 1E<\/b>, konfirmojn\u00eb shfaqjen e thell\u00ebsive t\u00eb lokalizuara (depresioneve) n\u00eb grafen pas depozitimit t\u00eb borit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb k\u00ebto formacione dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar origjin\u00ebn e tyre, u b\u00eb nj\u00eb fotografi tjet\u00ebr e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs zon\u00eb, por duke aplikuar karta |dlnI<\/i>\/dz| (2\u0412), \u0433\u0434\u0435 I<\/i> \u2014 rrjedha tunneling, d<\/i> \u2014 dend\u00ebsia, dhe z<\/i> \u2014 ndarja sond\u00eb-samp\u00ebll (hap\u00ebsira midis gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebs s\u00eb mikroskopit dhe samp\u00ebllit). P\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebsaj metodologjie lejon p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb imazhe me nj\u00eb rezolut\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe hap\u00ebsinore. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret CO ose H2 n\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn e mikroskopit. <\/p>\n

Imazhi 2C<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fotografi e marr\u00eb me STM, gjilp\u00ebra e t\u00eb cilit ishte e mbuluar me CO. Krahasimi i imazheve A<\/b>, N\u00eb<\/b> dhe D<\/b> tregon se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb element\u00ebt atomik\u00eb identifikohen si tre hexagone t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uara ngjitur, t\u00eb orientuara n\u00eb dy drejtime jo-ekvivalente (triangat e kuqe dhe t\u00eb verdha n\u00eb fotografi). <\/p>\n

Imazhet e zgjeruara t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zone (2D<\/b>) konfirmojn\u00eb se k\u00ebta element\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me impuritetet leguruese t\u00eb borit, duke z\u00ebn\u00eb dy n\u00ebnrrjeta t\u00eb grafenit, t\u00eb cilat i tregojn\u00eb edhe strukturat e mbivendosura.<\/p>\n

Mbulesa e CO e gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebs s\u00eb mikroskopit lehoi identifikimin e struktur\u00ebs gjeometrike t\u00eb flet\u00ebs s\u00eb borofenit (2E<\/b>), q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e pamundur, n\u00ebse gjilp\u00ebra do t\u00eb ishte standarde (metalike) pa mbules\u00eb CO.<\/p>\n

\"Dyt\u00eb
\nImazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Formimi i heterointerfaceve laterale midis borofenit dhe grafenit (3A<\/b>) duhet t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb rastin kur borofeni rritet af\u00ebr fushave t\u00eb grafenit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin tashm\u00eb ka bor. <\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kujtojn\u00eb se heterointerfaceve laterale t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb grafen-hBN (grafen + nitrid bor) kan\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e rrjetit, nd\u00ebrsa hetero\u00e7kurqet e bazuara n\u00eb dikhalkogenid\u00ebt e metaleve kalimtare \u2014 kan\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e simetrive. N\u00eb rastin e grafenit\/borofenit situata \u00ebsht\u00eb paksa ndryshe \u2014 ato kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri minimale strukturore nga pik\u00ebpamja e p\u00ebrhershm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb rrjetit ose simetris\u00eb kristaline. Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr k\u00ebsaj, heterointerfaceja laterale grafen\/borofen tregon nj\u00eb koherenc\u00eb atomike praktikisht ideale, nd\u00ebrsa drejtimet e r\u00ebnditjes s\u00eb borit (B-row) jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuara me drejtimet zigzag (ZZ) t\u00eb grafenit (3A<\/b>). N\u00eb 3B<\/b> tregohet nj\u00eb imazh i rritur i zon\u00ebs ZZ t\u00eb heterointerfaceve (me linjat blu t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb elementet nd\u00ebrfazore, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht lidhjet kovalente bor-karbon).<\/p>\n

Deri sa rritja e borofenit b\u00ebhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb temperatur\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt krahasuar me grafenin, skajet e fush\u00ebs grafenike me siguri nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebri t\u00eb lart\u00eb gjat\u00eb formimit t\u00eb heterointerfaceve me borofenin. Si rezultat, heterointerfaceja e sakt\u00eb gati atomike \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb jet\u00eb rezultat i konfiguracioneve dhe karakteristikave t\u00eb lidhjeve shum\u00ebqendrore t\u00eb borit. Spektrat e spektroskopis\u00eb s\u00eb tunelimit t\u00eb skanimit (3C<\/b>) dhe conducibilitetit tunelues diferencial (3D<\/b>) tregojn\u00eb se kalimi elektronik nga grafeni n\u00eb borofen ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb ~ 5 \u00c5 pa gjendje t\u00eb dukshme nd\u00ebrfaqe.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazh 3E<\/b> tregojn\u00eb tre spektra t\u00eb spektroskopis\u00eb s\u00eb tunelimit t\u00eb skanimit, t\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb tre vijave t\u00eb pik\u00ebzuara n\u00eb 3D, t\u00eb cilat konfirmojn\u00eb se ky kalim elektronik i shkurt\u00ebr nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj strukturave lokale nd\u00ebrfazore dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i krahasuesh\u00ebm me at\u00eb n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb borofen-silver. <\/p>\n

\"Dyt\u00eb
\nImazhi Nr. 4<\/i><\/p>\n

Grafenit interkalimi*<\/i> m\u00eb par\u00eb gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar gjer\u00ebsisht, megjithat\u00eb transformimi i interkalant\u00ebve n\u00eb flet\u00eb reale 2D \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen relativisht i rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Interkalimi*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirja e kthyeshme e nj\u00eb molekule ose grupi molekulash midis molekulave t\u00eb tjera ose grupeve t\u00eb molekulave.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Radia atomike t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb borit dhe nd\u00ebrveprimi i dob\u00ebt mes grafenit dhe Ag (111) sugjerojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e interkalacionit t\u00eb grafenit me bor. N\u00eb imazh 4A<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur d\u00ebshmia jo vet\u00ebm e interkalacionit t\u00eb borit, por edhe e formimit t\u00eb heterostrukturave vertikale t\u00eb borofen-grafen, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb domen\u00ebve triangular\u00eb t\u00eb rrethuar nga grafeni. Rrjeta celulare e v\u00ebrejtur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb domen triangular konfirmon pr presence presentin e grafenit. Megjithat\u00eb, ky grafen tregon nj\u00eb densitet lokal t\u00eb gjendjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb -50 meV n\u00eb krahasim me grafenin p\u00ebrreth (4B<\/b>). Krahasuar me grafenin direkt mbi Ag (111), mungesa e shenjave t\u00eb densitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb gjendjeve n\u00eb spektrin dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> (4C<\/b>, kurba blu), e cila i korrespondon gjendjes superfaq\u00ebsore t\u00eb Ag (111), \u00ebsht\u00eb prova e par\u00eb e interkalacionit t\u00eb borit.<\/p>\n

Ashtu si\u00e7 pritej p\u00ebr interkalacionin e pjessh\u00ebm, rrjeta grafenike mbetet e vazhdueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen an\u00ebsore midis grafenit dhe zon\u00ebs triangulare (4D<\/b> \u2014 i korrespondon nj\u00eb zone katrore n\u00eb 4A<\/b>, e rrethuar me vij\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb). Nj\u00eb pamje e b\u00ebr\u00eb me nj\u00eb N69 mbi maj\u00ebn e mikroskopit gjithashtu konfirmoi pranin\u00eb e primereve z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese t\u00eb borit (4E<\/b> \u2014 i korrespondon nj\u00eb zone katrore n\u00eb 4A<\/b>, e rrethuar me vij\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb analiz\u00ebs, gjithashtu u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn maja mikroskopi pa ndonj\u00eb mbules\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb domen\u00ebt e interkalacionit t\u00eb grafenit u gjet\u00ebn shenja t\u00eb elementeve lineare nj\u00ebdimensional me periodicitet prej 5 \u00c5 (4F<\/b> dhe 4G<\/b>). K\u00ebto struktura nj\u00ebdimensionale i ngjajn\u00eb seri t\u00eb borit n\u00eb modelin e borofenit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 nj\u00eb grupi pikash q\u00eb i korrespondon grafenit, transformimi i Fourier-it t\u00eb imazhit n\u00eb 4G<\/b> tregon nj\u00eb \u00e7ift pikash ortogonale, q\u00eb i korrespondon rrjet\u00ebs katrore 3 \u00c5 x 5 \u00c5 (4H<\/b>), q\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet mrekullisht me modelin e borofenit. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, orientojimi i trefisht\u00eb i v\u00ebrejtur i rrjet\u00ebs s\u00eb elementeve lineare (1E<\/b>) p\u00ebrputhet mir\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn struktur\u00eb mbizot\u00ebruese, e v\u00ebrejtur p\u00ebr flet\u00ebt e borofenit.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto v\u00ebzhgime d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb bindsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr interkalacionin e grafenit me borofen pran\u00eb skajit t\u00eb Ag, e cila, si pasoj\u00eb, \u00e7on n\u00eb formimin e heterostrukturave vertikale borofen-grafen, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohen kryesisht p\u00ebrmes rritjes s\u00eb mbuluar t\u00eb grafenit.<\/p>\n

4I<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje skematike e heterostruktur\u00ebs vertikale mbi 4H<\/b>, ku drejtimi i rendit t\u00eb borit (shigjeta roz\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me drejtimin zigzag t\u00eb grafenit (shigjeta e zez\u00eb), duke formuar k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb heterostruktur\u00eb vertikale me p\u00ebrmas\u00eb rrotulluese.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb nuancave t\u00eb hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nKjo studim tregoi se borofeni \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb formoj\u00eb heterostruktura laterale dhe vertikale me grafenin. Sistemet e tilla mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb zhvillimin e tipeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb elementeve dy-dimensionale q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb nanoteknologji, elektronike fleksib\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb veshshme, si dhe n\u00eb tipe t\u00eb reja t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb studiuesit besojn\u00eb se zhvillimi i tyre mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitje e fuqishme p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb e lidhura me elektronik\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet me siguri n\u00ebse fjal\u00ebt e tyre do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen profetike. Aktualisht, ka ende shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shqyrtuar, kuptuar dhe shpikur p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ato ide shkencore-fantastike q\u00eb mbushin mendjet e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb b\u00ebhen nj\u00eb realitet i plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, mbetuni kurioz\u00eb dhe ju uroj nj\u00eb jav\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb pune, djem. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb po q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqen artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke rekomanduar tek miqt\u00eb tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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