{"id":39036,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","slug":"dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","title":{"rendered":"Dyshja dy-dimensional: krijimi i heterostrukturave borofene-grafene","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dyshja
\n
\n\u00abMutacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur enigm\u00ebn e evolucionit. Rruga e zhvillimit nga organizmat m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb deri te speciet biologjike dominues zgjat mij\u00ebra vjet. Por \u00e7do qind mij\u00eb vjet n\u00eb evolucion ndodh nj\u00eb hap p\u00ebrpara i papritur\u00bb (Charles Xavier, X-Men, viti 2000). N\u00ebse heqim \u00e7do element shkencor-fantastik, t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb komik\u00eb dhe filma, fjal\u00ebt e profesor X jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta. Zhvillimi i di\u00e7kaje ndodh nj\u00eblloj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, por ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodhin hapa q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb procesin. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr evolucionin e specieve, por edhe p\u00ebr evolucionin e teknologjive, motor kryesor i t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, hulumtimet e tyre dhe shpikjet. Sot do t\u00eb njohim me nj\u00eb hulumtim q\u00eb sipas autor\u00ebve t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hap evolucionar i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb nanoteknologji. Si arrit\u00ebn shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga Universiteti Northwestern (SHBA) t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb re dy-dimensionale heterostrukturore, p\u00ebrse u zgjodh\u00ebn grafeni dhe borofeni si baza, dhe \u00e7far\u00eb vetive mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i till\u00eb? P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb na tregoj\u00eb raporti i grupit t\u00eb hulumtimit. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e studimit<\/h3>\n

\nTermi \u00abgrafeni\u00bb e kemi d\u00ebgjuar shum\u00eb her\u00eb \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb modifikim dy-dimensional i karbonit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb atomesh t\u00eb karbonit me trash\u00ebsi 1 atom. Nd\u00ebrsa terme \u00abborofeni\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i rrall\u00eb. Ky term p\u00ebrshkruan nj\u00eb kristal dy-dimensional, i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb ekskluzivisht nga atomet e borit (B). Mund\u00ebsia e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb borofenit u parashikua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve '90, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb struktur\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2015. <\/p>\n

Struktura atomike e borofenit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga element\u00eb trek\u00ebnd\u00ebsh dhe hekzakonal\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e nd\u00ebrveprimeve midis lidhjeve dy-qendrore dhe shum\u00eb-qendrore brenda avllis\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr element\u00ebt me munges\u00eb elektronesh, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrfshihet edhe bora.<\/p>\n

*<\/b>Me lidhjet dy-qendrore dhe shum\u00eb-qendrore n\u00ebnkuptohen lidhje kimike \u2014 nd\u00ebrveprime atomesh, q\u00eb karakterizojn\u00eb stabilitetin e molekul\u00ebs apo kristalit si nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. P\u00ebr shembull, lidhja dy-qendrore dy-elektronike ndodh kur 2 atome ndajn\u00eb 2 elektrone mes tyre, dhe lidhja dy-qendrore tri-elektronike ndodh kur 2 atome ndajn\u00eb 3 elektrone etj.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja fizike, borofeni mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb dhe m\u00eb elastik se grafeni. Po ashtu, struktura borofene konsiderohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr baterit\u00eb, pasi borofeni ka nj\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb specifik dhe veti unike t\u00eb udh\u00ebheqjes elektronike dhe transferimit t\u00eb jonit. Megjithat\u00eb, deri tani kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb teori.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb element tri-valent*<\/i>, bora ka t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 allotrop*<\/i>. N\u00eb form\u00ebn e dyfisht\u00eb, nj\u00eb polimorfiz\u00ebm*<\/i> v\u00ebrehet gjithashtu. <\/p>\n

Elementi tri-valent*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb formoj\u00eb tri lidhje kovalente, me valenc\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me tre. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Allotropia*<\/b> \u2014 kur nj\u00eb element kimik mund t\u00eb paraqitet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb substancave t\u00eb thjeshta. Si shembull, karboni \u00ebsht\u00eb diamanti, grafeni, grafiti, nanotubet e karbonit, etj.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Polimorfizmi*<\/b> \u2014 aft\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb substance p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzistuar n\u00eb struktura kristalor t\u00eb ndryshme (modifikime polimorfe). N\u00eb rastin e substancave t\u00eb thjeshta, ky term \u00ebsht\u00eb sinonim i allotropis\u00eb. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Duke e till\u00eb polimorfizmi i gjer\u00eb, lind supozimi se borofeni mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb kandidat i shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr krijimin e strukturave t\u00eb reja dy-dimensionale, p\u00ebr shkak se konfigurimet e ndryshme t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb borit duhet t\u00eb zbusin k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr pajtimin e rrjetit kristalor. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, deri m\u00eb tani, kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar ekskluzivisht n\u00eb nivelin teorik p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive n\u00eb sintez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr materialet e zakonshme 2D, t\u00eb marra nga kristalet e volumuara, heterostrukturat vertikale mund t\u00eb arrihen p\u00ebrmes vendosjes mekanike. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, heterostrukturat dy-dimensionale laterale jan\u00eb t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb sintez\u00ebn n\u00eb rritje. Heterostrukturat laterale me sakt\u00ebsi atomike kan\u00eb nj\u00eb potencial t\u00eb madh n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve me kontrollin e funksionalitetit t\u00eb hetero-kalimeve, megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lidhjes kovalente, pajtimi i pap\u00ebrsosur i rrjetit zakonisht shkakton interface t\u00eb gjera dhe t\u00eb \u00e7rregullta. Prandaj, ka potencial, por ka edhe probleme n\u00eb realizimin e tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb punim, studiuesit arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb integrojn\u00eb borofen dhe grafen n\u00eb nj\u00eb heterostruktur\u00eb dy-dimensionale. Megjith\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb moskorespondenc\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetat kristalografike dhe simetrin\u00eb midis borofenit dhe grafenit, depozitimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm i karbonit dhe borit mbi nj\u00eb substrat Ag(111) n\u00eb kushte vakuumi shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb (HV) \u00e7on n\u00eb heterointerfaces laterale pothuajse atomikisht t\u00eb sakta me rreshtime t\u00eb parashikuara t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs, si dhe n\u00eb heterointerfaces vertikale. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebr studim<\/h3>\n

\nPara se t\u00eb studijohej heterostruktura, ajo duhej t\u00eb prodhohej. Rritja e grafenit dhe borofenit u krye n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb vakuumit shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb me presion 1x10-10 mili bar.<\/p>\n

Substrati monokristaline Ag(111) u pastrua p\u00ebrmes cikleve t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura t\u00eb sp\u00ebrkatjes me Ar+ (1 x 10-5 mili bar, energjia 800 eV, 30 minuta) dhe annealing termik (550 \u00b0C, 45 minuta) deri sa u arrit nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe atomikisht t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb shesht\u00eb Ag(111).<\/p>\n

Rritja e grafenit u realizua p\u00ebrmes avullimit me rreze elektronike t\u00eb nj\u00eb shufre grafiti t\u00eb past\u00ebr (99,997%) me diamet\u00ebr 2.0 mm mbi nj\u00eb substrat Ag (111) t\u00eb ngrohur deri n\u00eb 750 \u00b0C me nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb prej ~ 1.6 A dhe nj\u00eb tension p\u00ebrshpejtimi prej ~ 2 kV, q\u00eb jep nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb emisioni prej ~ 70 mA dhe nj\u00eb fluks karboni prej ~ 40 nA. Presioni n\u00eb dhom\u00eb ishte 1 x 10-9 millibar.<\/p>\n

Rritja e borofenit u realizua p\u00ebrmes avullimit me rreze elektronike t\u00eb nj\u00eb shufre boronit t\u00eb past\u00ebr (99,9999%) mbi nj\u00eb grafen submonoshtres\u00eb t\u00eb ngrohur deri n\u00eb 400-500 \u00b0C mbi Ag (111). Rryma e ngrohjes ishte ~ 1.5 A, nd\u00ebrsa tensioni i p\u00ebrshpejtimit ishte 1.75 kV, q\u00eb jep nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb emisioni prej ~ 34 mA dhe nj\u00eb fluks boroni prej ~ 10 nA. Presioni n\u00eb dhom\u00eb gjat\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb borofenit ishte rreth 2 x 10-10 millibar.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\n\"Dyshja
\nImazhi \u21161<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazhin 1A<\/b> tregohet STM*<\/i> fotografia e grafenit t\u00eb rritur, ku domainet e grafenit visualizohen m\u00eb s\u00eb miri me an\u00eb t\u00eb hart\u00ebs dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> (1V<\/b>), ku I<\/i> dhe V<\/i> \u2014 rryma tunelore dhe shp\u00ebrndarja e mostr\u00ebs, dhe d<\/i> \u2014 dend\u00ebsia. <\/p>\n

STM*<\/b> \u2014 mikroskopi tunelor skanimi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> kartat e mostrave treguan nj\u00eb densitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb gjendjeve t\u00eb grafenit krahasuar me n\u00ebnllokun Ag (111). Sipas studimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, gjendja sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore Ag (111) ka nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb shkallore, t\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb energjive pozitive n\u00eb dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> spektin e grafenit (1C<\/b>), e cila shpjegon densitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb gjendjeve t\u00eb grafenit n\u00eb 1V<\/b> n\u00eb 0.3 eV.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazhin 1D<\/b> ne mund t\u00eb shohim struktur\u00ebn e grafenit nj\u00eblaq\u00ebsor, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00eb e dukshme grila e celulave dhe superstruktura moir\u00e9*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

superstruktura* <\/b> \u2014 karakteristika e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhjeje kristaline, e cila p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet me nj\u00eb interval t\u00eb caktuar dhe krijon k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb re me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr alternimi. <\/p>\n

Moir\u00e9*<\/b> \u2014 mbivendosja e dy modeleve periodike t\u00eb rrjetave mbi nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb temperatura m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, rritja \u00e7on n\u00eb formimin e domain-ve dendritike dhe defektive t\u00eb grafenit. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimeve t\u00eb dob\u00ebta mes grafenit dhe n\u00ebnllokut, orientimi rotativ i grafenit n\u00eb raport me Ag (111) nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb unik.<\/p>\n

Pas depozitimit t\u00eb borit, mikroskopia e tunnelingut skanimi (1E<\/b>) tregoi pranin\u00eb e lidhjeve t\u00eb domenit t\u00eb borofenit dhe grafenit. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb fotos duken zona brenda grafenit, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb von\u00eb u p\u00ebrcaktuan si grafen i interkaluar me borofen (i sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb foto Gr\/B<\/b>). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb gjithashtu duken qart\u00eb elementet lineare, t\u00eb orientuara n\u00eb tre drejtime dhe t\u00eb ndara me nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd 120 \u00b0 (shigjetat e verdha).<\/p>\n

\"Dyshja
\nImazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Fotoja n\u00eb 2A<\/b>, ashtu si 1E<\/b>, konfirmojn\u00eb shfaqjen e depresioneve t\u00eb lokalizuara (thell\u00ebsive) n\u00eb grafen pas depozitimit t\u00eb borit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb shqyrtuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb k\u00ebto formacione dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar origjin\u00ebn e tyre, u b\u00eb nj\u00eb foto tjet\u00ebr e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs zon\u00eb, por me p\u00ebrdorimin e kartave |dlnI<\/i>\/dz| (2\u0412), \u0433\u0434\u0435 I<\/i> \u2014 rrjedha tunelore, d<\/i> \u2014 dend\u00ebsia, dhe z<\/i> \u2014 ndarja sond\u00eb-samp\u00ebll (hap\u00ebsira midis njoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mikroskopit dhe kampionit). P\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebsaj metodologjie lejon marrjen e imazheve me rezolucion m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb hap\u00ebsinor. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret CO ose H2 n\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn e mikroskopit. <\/p>\n

Imazh 2C<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb foto, e marr\u00eb me STM, me gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb mbuluar me CO. Krahasimi i fotos Dhe<\/b>, N\u00eb<\/b> dhe S<\/b> tregon se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb element\u00ebt atomik\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen si tri hexagone t\u00eb ndritshme fqinj\u00ebsore, t\u00eb orientuara n\u00eb dy drejtime jo-ekvivalent\u00eb (triangujt e kuq dhe t\u00eb verdh\u00eb n\u00eb imazhe). <\/p>\n

Imazhet e zmadhuara t\u00eb k\u00ebtij rajoni (2D<\/b>) konfirmojn\u00eb se k\u00ebta element\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me p\u00ebrzierjet e borit, q\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb dy n\u00ebndeg\u00eb t\u00eb grafenit, si\u00e7 tregojn\u00eb edhe strukturat e mbivendosura.<\/p>\n

Mbulesa e CO e maj\u00ebs s\u00eb mikroskopit mund\u00ebsoi zbardhjen e struktur\u00ebs geometrike t\u00eb flet\u00ebs s\u00eb borofen\u00ebs (2E<\/b>), e cila do t\u00eb ishte e pamundur n\u00ebse maja do t\u00eb ishte standarde (metalike) pa mbules\u00eb CO.<\/p>\n

\"Dyshja
\nImazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Formimi i hetero-interfese laterale midis borofen\u00ebs dhe grafenit (3A<\/b>) duhet t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb kur borofena rritet af\u00ebr domain\u00ebve t\u00eb grafenit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin tashm\u00eb ka bor. <\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kujtojn\u00eb se heterointerfaces an\u00ebsore t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb grafen-hBN (grafen + nitrid bor) kan\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e rrjet\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa hetero kalimet t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb dikhalkogenidat e metalit kalimtar kan\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e simetrive. N\u00eb rastin e grafenit\/borofenit, situata \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb ndryshe \u2014 ato kan\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri minimale strukturore nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs ose simetris\u00eb kristalore. Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, heterointerface an\u00ebsore grafen\/borofen tregon nj\u00eb koherenc\u00eb atomike praktikaisht ideale, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e rreshtit t\u00eb borit (B-row) t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me drejtimet zigzag (ZZ) t\u00eb grafenit.3A<\/b>N\u00eb 3V<\/b> tregohet nj\u00eb imazh i zgjeruar i zon\u00ebs ZZ t\u00eb heterointerfaces (me vijat blu q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb elementet nd\u00ebrfazor\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrputhen me lidhjet kovalente bor-karbon).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak se rritja e borofenit ndodh n\u00eb temperatura m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta krahasuar me grafenin, skajet e domenit t\u00eb grafenit ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb mobilitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt gjat\u00eb formimit t\u00eb heterointerface me borofen. Prandaj, nj\u00eb heterointerface pothuajse atomikisht t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb rezultati i konfigurimeve dhe karakteristikave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb shum\u00ebqendrore t\u00eb borit. Spektra e skanimit t\u00eb tunelit (3C<\/b>) dhe conducibiliteti diferencial i tunelit (3D<\/b>) tregojn\u00eb se kalimi elektrik nga grafeni te borofeni ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb ~ 5 \u00c5 pa shtete t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb interface-it.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazhin 3E<\/b> tregon tre spektra t\u00eb skanimit t\u00eb tunelit, t\u00eb marra p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb tri vijave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprera n\u00eb 3D, t\u00eb cilat konfirmojn\u00eb se ky kalim i shkurt\u00ebr elektrik \u00ebsht\u00eb i papritur p\u00ebr strukturat lokale nd\u00ebrfazore dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb borofen-argjendi. <\/p>\n

\"Dyshja
\nImazhi \u21164<\/i><\/p>\n

Grafeni interkalimi*<\/i> m\u00eb par\u00eb gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shqyrtuar gjer\u00ebsisht, megjithat\u00eb transformimi i interkalant\u00ebve n\u00eb flet\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta 2D \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen relativisht i rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Interkalimi*<\/b> \u2014 aktivizimi i molekul\u00ebs ose grupit t\u00eb molekulave nd\u00ebrmjet molekulave t\u00eb tjera ose grupeve t\u00eb molekulave.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Rrethi i vog\u00ebl atomik i borit dhe nd\u00ebrveprimi i dob\u00ebt nd\u00ebrmjet grafenit dhe Ag (111) sugjerojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrkalimit t\u00eb grafenit me bor. N\u00eb imazhin 4A<\/b> jan\u00eb paraqitur prova jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrkalimin e borit, por edhe p\u00ebr krijimin e heterostrukturave vertikale borofen-grafen, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb domeneve trek\u00ebndore, t\u00eb rrethuar me grafen. Rrjeti celular, i v\u00ebrejtur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb domene trek\u00ebndore, konfirmon pranin\u00eb e grafenit. Megjithat\u00eb, ky grafen tregon nj\u00eb densitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt lokal t\u00eb shtetesh n\u00eb -50 meV krahasuar me grafenin p\u00ebrreth (4B<\/b>). N\u00eb krahasim me grafenin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb mbi Ag (111), mungesa e shenjave t\u00eb densitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb lokal t\u00eb shtetesh n\u00eb spekt\u00ebr dI<\/i>\/dV<\/i> (4C<\/b>, kurba blu), e cila korrespondon me gjendjen sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore t\u00eb Ag (111), \u00ebsht\u00eb prova e par\u00eb e nd\u00ebrkalimit t\u00eb borit.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, si\u00e7 pritej p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrkalimin e pjessh\u00ebm, rrjeti i grafenit mbetet kontinues p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen laterale midis grafenit dhe zon\u00ebs trek\u00ebnd\u00ebshe (4D<\/b> \u2014 p\u00ebrputhet me nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb drejtk\u00ebnd\u00ebshe n\u00eb 4A<\/b>, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrethuar me nj\u00eb vij\u00eb pik\u00ebliu t\u00eb kuqe). Nj\u00eb imazh i b\u00ebr\u00eb me SO n\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn e mikroskopit gjithashtu konfirmoi pranin\u00eb e p\u00ebrzierjeve z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese t\u00eb borit (4E<\/b> \u2014 p\u00ebrputhet me nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb drejtk\u00ebnd\u00ebshe n\u00eb 4A<\/b>, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrethuar me nj\u00eb vij\u00eb pik\u00ebliu t\u00eb verdh\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb analiz\u00ebs jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gjithashtu gjilp\u00ebra mikroskopike pa asnj\u00eb mbulim. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb domenet grafenike t\u00eb interkalatuara jan\u00eb identifikuar shenja t\u00eb elementeve lineare nj\u00eb-dimensional me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb prej 5 \u00c5 (4F<\/b> dhe 4G<\/b>). K\u00ebto struktura nj\u00eb-dimensionale i ngjajn\u00eb rreshtave t\u00eb borit n\u00eb modelin e borofen\u00ebs. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 grupit t\u00eb pikave q\u00eb p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me grafen\u00ebn, transformimi Fourier i imazhit n\u00eb 4G<\/b> tregon nj\u00eb \u00e7ift pikash orthogonale q\u00eb p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb t\u00eb drejtk\u00ebnd\u00ebshe 3 \u00c5 x 5 \u00c5 (4\u041d<\/b>), e cila p\u00ebrputhet p\u00ebr mrekulli me modelin e borofen\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, orientimi i v\u00ebzhguar i tri planeve t\u00eb elementeve lineare (1E<\/b>) \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb mir\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin struktur\u00eb mbizot\u00ebruese q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar p\u00ebr flet\u00ebt e borofen\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto v\u00ebzhgime tregojn\u00eb bindsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrky\u00e7jen e grafenit me borofen pran\u00eb skajeve t\u00eb Ag, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb formimin e heterostrukturave vertikale borofen-grafen, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb realizohen kryesisht duke rritur mbulimin fillestar t\u00eb grafenit.<\/p>\n

4I<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje skematike e heterostruktur\u00ebs vertikale n\u00eb 4H<\/b>, ku drejtimi i rreshtit t\u00eb bor\u00ebs (shigjeta roz\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht i rreshtuar me drejtimin zigzag t\u00eb grafenit (shigjeta e zez\u00eb), duke formuar k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb heterostruktur\u00eb vertikale rotacionale.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar me nuancat e hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nKjo studim ka treguar se borofeni \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb formoj\u00eb heterostruktura laterale dhe vertikale me grafenin. Sisteme t\u00eb tilla mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb zhvillimin e llojeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb elementeve dy-dimensionale, t\u00eb aplikuara n\u00eb nanotecnologji, elektronik\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb veshur, si dhe n\u00eb lloje t\u00eb reja t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb hulumtuesit besojn\u00eb se zhvillimi i tyre mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb impuls t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb e lidhura me elektronik\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet me siguri n\u00ebse fjal\u00ebt e tyre do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen profetike. Aktualisht, ka ende shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hulumtuar, kuptuar dhe shpikur, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ato ide shkencore-fantastike q\u00eb mbushin mendjet e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb b\u00ebhen realitet t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, mbani kuriozitetin dhe ju uroj nj\u00eb jav\u00eb t\u00eb mbar\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb, shok\u00eb. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar njohurive tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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