{"id":39055,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/my-ne-mozhem-doveryat-ii-sistemam-postroennym-na-odnom-lish-glubokom-obuchenii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:36","slug":"my-ne-mozhem-doveryat-ii-sistemam-postroennym-na-odnom-lish-glubokom-obuchenii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/my-ne-mozhem-doveryat-ii-sistemam-postroennym-na-odnom-lish-glubokom-obuchenii","title":{"rendered":"Ne nuk mund t'i besojm\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb AI t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara vet\u00ebm mbi m\u00ebsimin e thell\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ne
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\nKyky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shum\u00eb opinione n\u00eb lidhje me zhvillimin ton\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt teknologjik. Dhe nj\u00eb ftes\u00eb p\u00ebr diskutim.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gary Marcus, profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e New Yorkut, \u00ebsht\u00eb i sigurt se m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb zhvillimin e AI. Megjithat\u00eb, ai gjithashtu beson se nj\u00eb pasion i tepruar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb metodologji mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb diskreditimin e saj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin e tij Rebooting AI: Building artificial intelligence we can trust<\/i> Markus, nj\u00eb neurolog i arsimuar, i cili ndihmoi n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e karrier\u00ebs s\u00eb tij mbi hulumtimet p\u00ebrparimtare n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e AI, trajton aspektet teknike dhe etike. Nga ana teknologjike, m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb mund t\u00eb imitoj\u00eb me sukses zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb perceptimit q\u00eb b\u00ebn truri yn\u00eb: p\u00ebr shembull, njohjen e imazheve ose t\u00eb folur\u00ebs. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i bisedave ose identifikimi i lidhjeve shkak-pasoj\u00eb, m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar makinat inteligjente m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhin nj\u00eb gam\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb problemesh \u2014 shpesh quhen inteligjenc\u00eb artificiale e p\u00ebrgjithshme \u2014 m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kombinohet me metoda t\u00eb tjera.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nN\u00ebse sistemi i AI n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk e kupton detyrat e tij ose bot\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth, kjo mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb rrezikshme. Edhe ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb papritura n\u00eb mjedisin e sistemit mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb gabuara. Ka pasur shum\u00eb shembuj t\u00eb till\u00eb: sh\u00ebnues t\u00eb shprehjeve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb mashtrohen; sisteme t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs q\u00eb diskriminojn\u00eb vazhdimisht; automjetet pa shofer q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb aksidente dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb vrasin vozit\u00ebsin ose k\u00ebmb\u00ebsorin. Krijimi i inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb problem k\u00ebrkimi interesant; ajo ka shum\u00eb aplikacione t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht praktike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin e tij, Markus dhe bashk\u00ebautori i tij Ernest Davis p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Ata besojn\u00eb se jemi ende shum\u00eb larg krijimit t\u00eb AI t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt se sooner apo later do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb na nevojitet AI i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm? Versionet e specializuara tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb krijuar dhe sjellin nj\u00eb dobi t\u00eb madhe.<\/b><\/p>\n

E sakt\u00eb, dhe do t\u00eb ket\u00eb akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime. Por ka shum\u00eb detyra q\u00eb AI-i i specializuar thjesht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t'i zgjidh\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, kuptimi i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb zakonshme, ndihma e p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb virtuale, apo nj\u00eb robot q\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb pastrimin dhe gatimin. K\u00ebto detyra jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb AI-it t\u00eb specializuar. Nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr interesante praktike: a mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb makin\u00eb vet\u00ebdrejtuese e sigurt me ndihm\u00ebn e AI-it t\u00eb specializuar? Eksperienca tregon se ky lloj AI ka ende shum\u00eb probleme me sjelljen e tij n\u00eb situata anomale, madje edhe gjat\u00eb vozitjes, q\u00eb e komplikon situat\u00ebn ndjesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Mendoj se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironim t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb AI q\u00eb mund t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb zbulime t\u00eb reja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsi. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse teknologjit\u00eb aktuale do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, pasi biologia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb komplekse. Duhet t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb lexojm\u00eb shum\u00eb libra. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kuptojn\u00eb lidhjet shkak-pasoj\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimet e rrjeteve dhe molekulave dhe mund t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb teori p\u00ebr planetet dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, me AI t\u00eb specializuar, nuk mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb makineri q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb zbulime t\u00eb tilla. Me nj\u00eb AI t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, do t\u00eb ishim n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebnim nj\u00eb revolucion n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, teknologji dhe mjek\u00ebsi. N\u00eb mendimin tim, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb pun\u00ebn p\u00ebr krijimin e AI t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/p>\n

Duket se me \u00abt\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme\u00bb ju kuptoni AI t\u00eb fort\u00eb?<\/b><\/p>\n

Kur them \u00abt\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme\u00bb, un\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj se AI do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb detyra t\u00eb reja n\u00eb flutur. N\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me, le t\u00eb themi, Go-n\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn problemi nuk ka ndryshuar gjat\u00eb 2000 viteve t\u00eb fundit.<\/p>\n

Inteligjenca e p\u00ebrgjithshme duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendime si n\u00eb politik\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb analogji me aft\u00ebsin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore; \u00e7do njeri me mendje t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb shum\u00eb. Merrni student\u00eb t\u00eb paeksploruar dhe pas disa dit\u00ebsh i b\u00ebni t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb praktikisht \u00e7far\u00ebdo, duke filluar nga detyra juridike dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me mjek\u00ebsi. Kjo ndodh sepse ata kan\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe din\u00eb t\u00eb lexojn\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye mund t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb aktivitetrash.<\/p>\n

Lidhja midis nj\u00eb inteligjence t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb inteligjence t\u00eb fuqishme q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se nj\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb e dob\u00ebt ndoshta nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb tasket e p\u00ebrgjithshme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar di\u00e7ka sa m\u00eb t\u00eb besueshme, q\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshon vazhdimisht, ju ndoshta do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb afroheni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn drejt inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438. AlphaGo \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0435 19×19, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0435. \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438. \u0410 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443\u044d\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin tuaj p\u00ebrmendni se m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb kapacitetet e inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, pasi nuk ka aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar thell\u00eb.<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kognitiviz\u00ebm flitet p\u00ebr formimin e modeleve t\u00eb ndryshme kognitive. Po ulem n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e hotelit dhe kuptoj se atje \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dollap, atje \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb krevat, atje \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb televizor q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb varur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb. Un\u00eb i njoh t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto objekte, nuk i identifikoj thjesht ato. Po ashtu, kuptoj se si ato lidhen me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Kam ide p\u00ebr funksionimin e bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrreth. Ato nuk jan\u00eb perfekte. Ato mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb gabuara, por jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb mira. Dhe mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb, b\u00ebj shum\u00eb konkluzione q\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr veprimet e mia t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme.<\/p>\n

Ekstremi tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka si sistemi i loj\u00ebrave Atari, i krijuar nga DeepMind, ku ai m\u00ebsonte se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebnte kur shihte pikset n\u00eb vende t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb ekran. N\u00ebse merrni mjaft t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, mund t\u00eb duket sikur keni kuptim, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor. D\u00ebshmia p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00ebse l\u00ebvizni objektet tre piksel\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb AI luan shum\u00eb m\u00eb keq. Ndryshimet e ngat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb at\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kontrast me nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb thell\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, ju sugjeroni t\u00eb ktheheni te AI klasik. Cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t'i shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb?<\/b><\/p>\n

Ka disa p\u00ebrfitime. <\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, AI klasik n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb p\u00ebr krijimin e modele sesh t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, mbi t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb nxirren m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundime.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, inteligjenca artificiale klasike \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrkryerje t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme me rregullat. Aktualisht, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb thell\u00eb ka nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, ku specialist\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb shmangin rregullat. Ata duan t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka me rrjetet neurale dhe t\u00eb mos b\u00ebjn\u00eb asgj\u00eb q\u00eb duket si programim klasik. Por ka detyra q\u00eb jan\u00eb zgjidhur leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, dhe askush nuk i ka kushtuar v\u00ebmendje. P\u00ebr shembull, nd\u00ebrtimi i itinerareve n\u00eb Google Maps.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, na duhen t\u00eb dyja qasjet. M\u00ebsimi i makin\u00ebs lejon t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb mir\u00eb nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, por ndihmon shum\u00eb pak n\u00eb shfaqjen e abstraksioneve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb program kompjuterik. Inteligjenca artificiale klasike punon mir\u00eb me abstraksionet, por duhet t\u00eb programohet plot\u00ebsisht manualisht, dhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb ka shum\u00eb njohuri t\u00eb akumuluara q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb programohen t\u00eb gjitha. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se na nevojitet kombinimi i t\u00eb dyja qasjeve.<\/p>\n

Kjo lidhet me kapitullin ku flisni rreth asaj \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga mendja njer\u00ebzore. Dhe s\u00eb pari p\u00ebr konceptin, i cili bazohet n\u00eb iden\u00eb e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart se p\u00ebrmbajtja jon\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikohet nga shum\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/b><\/p>\n

Mendoj se ka nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar k\u00ebt\u00eb: \u00e7do sistem kognitiv q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb zgjidh detyra t\u00eb ndryshme. Pjes\u00ebt e ngjashme t\u00eb AI duhet t\u00eb dizajnon p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur detyra t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Tani po p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim teknologji t\u00eb gjith\u00e7kaje-n\u00eb-nj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur detyra q\u00eb jan\u00eb radikalisht t\u00eb ndryshme nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. Kuptimi i nj\u00eb fraze \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb si njohja e nj\u00eb objekti. Por njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb dyja rastet me m\u00ebsimin e thell\u00eb. Nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje kognitive, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb detyra n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb cil\u00ebsore t\u00eb ndryshme. Jam i befasuar sa pak n\u00eb komunitetin e specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb thell\u00eb e vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn artificiale klasike. Pse t\u00eb presim shfaqjen e nj\u00eb plumbi t\u00eb argjendt\u00eb? Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur, dhe k\u00ebrkimet e d\u00ebshtuara nuk lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet e gjith\u00eb kompleksiteti i detyr\u00ebs s\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb AI.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu p\u00ebrmendni se sistemet AI jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar lidhjet shkak-pasoj\u00eb. A mendoni se m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb, inteligjenca artificiale klasike, ose di\u00e7ka krejt\u00ebsisht e re do t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb?<\/b><\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr fush\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn m\u00ebsimi i thell\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm. Ai nuk shpjegon arsyet e ndodhis\u00eb s\u00eb disa eventeve, por llogarit probabilitetin e nj\u00eb ngjarjeje n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb caktuara.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb po flasim? Po shikoni skenare t\u00eb caktuar dhe kuptoni pse ndodhin dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse disa rrethana ndryshojn\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb shikoj nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn q\u00ebndron televizori, dhe t\u00eb imagjinoj se n\u00ebse i pres nj\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb, mb\u00ebshtetja do t\u00eb bie dhe televizori do t\u00eb p\u00ebrplaset. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja shkak-pasoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Inteligjenca artificiale klasike na ofron disa mjete p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ai mund t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja dhe \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb r\u00ebnia. Por nuk dua t\u00eb mburrim. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se inteligjenca artificiale klasike n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi varet nga plot\u00ebsia e informacionit p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodh, nd\u00ebrsa un\u00eb arrita n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin duke par\u00eb vet\u00ebm mb\u00ebshtetjes. Un\u00eb n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh, t\u00eb paraqes pjes\u00ebt e mb\u00ebshtetjes q\u00eb nuk i shoh. Akoma nuk kemi mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb cil\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Ju gjithashtu flisni p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb njohuri t\u00eb lindur. Si mund t\u00eb realizohet kjo n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn artificiale?<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb momentin e lindjes, truri yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem shum\u00eb t\u00eb menduar. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i fiksuar; natyra krijoi nj\u00eb draft t\u00eb par\u00eb, t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfunduar. M\u00eb pas, edukimi na ndihmon ta rishikojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb draft gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Drafti i pap\u00ebrfunduar i trurit tashm\u00eb ka disa aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuara. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrbind\u00ebsh malor i porsalindur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zbres\u00eb pa gabime n\u00eb sherbimin e malit brenda disa or\u00ebve. \u00cbsht\u00eb evidente se ai tashm\u00eb ka nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs tridimensionale, trupit t\u00eb tij dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies midis tyre. Nj\u00eb sistem shum\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuar.<\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, mendoj se na nevojiten hibrid\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinosh se si mund t\u00eb krijosh nj\u00eb robot q\u00eb funksionon mir\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb pa njohuri t\u00eb ngjashme, duke filluar nga asgj\u00eb dhe duke m\u00ebsuar nga nj\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

Kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, njohuria jon\u00eb e lindur vjen nga gjenoma jon\u00eb, e cila ka evoluar gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr sistemet e AI, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndjekim nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Pjes\u00ebrisht kjo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb rregullat e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb algoritmeve tona. Pjes\u00ebrisht mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb rregullat p\u00ebr krijimin e strukturave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb menaxhohen nga k\u00ebto algoritme. Dhe pjes\u00ebrisht mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb njohurit\u00eb q\u00eb ne do t'i vendosnim drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb makina.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante q\u00eb n\u00eb lib\u00ebr arrini n\u00eb iden\u00eb e besimit dhe krijimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb besueshme. Pse e zgjodh\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb kriter?<\/b><\/p>\n

Mendoj se sot e gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb loj\u00eb futbolli. M\u00eb duket se po jetojm\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm n\u00eb histori, duke i besuar shum\u00eb softuer\u00ebve q\u00eb nuk meritojn\u00eb besimin ton\u00eb. Mendoj se shqet\u00ebsimet tona sot nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme. Pas nj\u00ebqind vjet\u00ebsh, AI do t\u00eb justifikoj\u00eb besimin ton\u00eb, ndoshta edhe m\u00eb her\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Por sot, AI \u00ebsht\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm. Jo n\u00eb at\u00eb kuptim q\u00eb frik\u00ebsohet Elon Musk, por n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb sistemet e rekrutimit diskriminojn\u00eb grat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb programuesit, sepse mjete e tyre jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb doja q\u00eb t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb IA m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore. Nuk dua q\u00eb t\u00eb filloj\u00eb \u00abdimri i inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale\u00bb, kur njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se IA nuk funksionon dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e rrezikshme, dhe t\u00eb mos d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb ta korrigjojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre libri juaj duket shum\u00eb optimist. Ju sugjeroni se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet nj\u00eb IA e besueshme. Thjesht na nevojitet t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim tjet\u00ebr.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, libri \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb pesimist n\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn afatshkurt\u00ebr dhe shum\u00eb optimist n\u00eb at\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb. Ne besojm\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha problemet q\u00eb kemi p\u00ebrshkruar mund t\u00eb zgjidhen, n\u00ebse shohim m\u00eb gjer\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet e duhura. Dhe ne mendojm\u00eb se n\u00ebse kjo ndodh, bota do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e mir\u00eb.
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