{"id":39069,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/genetika-lyubvi-mezhpolovoj-konflikt-kak-osnova-sotrudnichestva-v-parah-monogamnyh-ptits\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:41","slug":"genetika-lyubvi-mezhpolovoj-konflikt-kak-osnova-sotrudnichestva-v-parah-monogamnyh-ptits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/genetika-lyubvi-mezhpolovoj-konflikt-kak-osnova-sotrudnichestva-v-parah-monogamnyh-ptits","title":{"rendered":"Gjenetika e dashuris\u00eb: konflikti nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive si baza p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunimin n\u00eb \u00e7iftet e zogjve monogam\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Gjenetika
\n
\nMarr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis partner\u00ebve, t\u00eb mbushura me kujdes, shenja v\u00ebmendjeje dhe empati, poezit\u00eb i quajn\u00eb dashuri, nd\u00ebrsa biolog\u00ebt e quajn\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive, t\u00eb orientuar drejt mbijetes\u00ebs dhe vazhdimit t\u00eb rac\u00ebs. Disa speciet preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin numrin \u2014 t\u00eb shumohen me sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb partner\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur pasardh\u00ebsit, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu shanset p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e gjith\u00eb specieve. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt krijojn\u00eb \u00e7ifte monogame, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb s\u00eb ekzistuari vet\u00ebm pas vdekjes s\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej partner\u00ebve. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00ebqind vjet, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt menduan se varianti i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i favorsh\u00ebm, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. \u00c7iftet monogame, zakonisht, rrisin s\u00eb bashku pasardh\u00ebsit, dmth. mbrojn\u00eb ata nga grabitqar\u00ebt, sigurojn\u00eb ushqim dhe i m\u00ebsojn\u00eb ata disa aft\u00ebsi, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet poligame, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto zakonisht bien mbi supet e dob\u00ebta t\u00eb femrave. Sigurisht, ka p\u00ebrjashtime, por sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr to. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr aspekt interesant q\u00eb ka shqet\u00ebsuar biolog\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se meshkujt vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqin shenja v\u00ebmendjeje ndaj femrave, edhe kur \u00e7ifti i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar dhe ekziston p\u00ebr disa vite. \u00c7far\u00eb e shkakton k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje, \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimi ka dhe cilat jan\u00eb aspektet evolucionar\u00eb q\u00eb lidhen me t\u00eb? Ne do t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje n\u00eb raportin e grupit hulumtues. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e studimit<\/h3>\n

\nDuke ekspertiz\u00ebs, ne nuk do t\u00eb fokusohemi n\u00eb llojet poligame t\u00eb zogjve, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohemi te romantik\u00ebt me pend\u00eb q\u00eb bien n\u00eb dashuri nj\u00eb her\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Duke folur p\u00ebr monogamin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se ekzistojn\u00eb disa lloje n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes: nj\u00eb sezon, disa vite dhe p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr zogj, m\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapura \u00ebsht\u00eb monogamia sezonal. Nj\u00eb shembull i qart\u00eb jan\u00eb gocat e egra. Femrat merret me nd\u00ebrtimin e foleve dhe inkubimin e vez\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa mashkulli \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e territorit. N\u00eb dit\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb pas \u00e7eljes, familja niset p\u00ebr n\u00eb ujin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, ku zogjt\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ushqim p\u00ebr veten. N\u00eb rast rreziku, q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb uj\u00eb, femra mbron me eg\u00ebrsi pasardh\u00ebsit, nd\u00ebrsa mashkulli, duke kujtuar pun\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, shpesh shp\u00ebton duke ikur. Nuk jan\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie ideale, sado t\u00eb thoshim.<\/p>\n

\"Gjenetika
\nFamilja e gocave t\u00eb egra.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb q\u00ebndrim, at\u00ebher\u00eb pelikani \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i miri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Ata krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ift monogam p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn dhe madje nuk e ndryshojn\u00eb vendbanimin pa nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Nj\u00eb folen\u00eb pelikani, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb peshoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 250 kg dhe t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1.5 m n\u00eb diamet\u00ebr, u sh\u00ebrben atyre p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb katastrofat natyrore apo nd\u00ebrhyrjet njer\u00ebzore nuk e shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb at\u00eb. N\u00eb Republik\u00ebn \u00c7eke, ndodhet nj\u00eb folen\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar q\u00eb nga viti 1864. <\/p>\n

\"Gjenetika
\nAft\u00ebsit\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimore t\u00eb pelikaneve nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsim kur shohim nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga gugat e egra, tek dhelprat mbizot\u00ebron barazia e detyrave: t\u00eb dy partner\u00ebt mbeshtjellin vez\u00ebt, k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ushqim, m\u00ebsojn\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit t\u00eb fluturojn\u00eb dhe i mbrojn\u00eb ata nga rreziqet. Nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e dhelprave luajn\u00eb ritualet e ndryshme: k\u00ebng\u00ebt, vall\u00ebzimet etj. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebto rituale zhvillohen jo vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb formimit t\u00eb \u00e7iftit (n\u00eb takimin e par\u00eb), por gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre bashk\u00ebshortore (madje, kur nd\u00ebrron partnerin gjat\u00eb mb\u00ebshtjelljes, dhelpriu kryen nj\u00eb valle t\u00eb vog\u00ebl). P\u00ebr ne, kjo duket shum\u00eb e bukur, romantiqe dhe krejt\u00ebsisht e palogjikshme, pasi nga pik\u00ebpamja biologjike, nj\u00eb sjellje e till\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim. A nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu? Dhe k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb shqyrtimin e studimit, i cili duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjej n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje.<\/p>\n

Etolog\u00ebt*<\/i> mendojn\u00eb se shprehja e vazhdueshme e ndjenjave nga meshkujt lidhet me ruajtjen e gjendjes riprodhuese tek femrat.<\/p>\n

Etologjia*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb shkenca q\u00eb studion sjelljen e shkaktuar nga gjene, pra instinktet. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht mbetet e paqart\u00eb pse nj\u00eb sjellje e till\u00eb zgjat jo vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit fillestar, por gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb logjike q\u00eb mashkujt t\u00eb investojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb forc\u00eb dhe energji n\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit, e jo n\u00eb shprehjen e ndjenjave ndaj femr\u00ebs. Deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e sotme, shum\u00eb studiues kan\u00eb konsideruar se intensiteti i shprehjes s\u00eb afeksionit nga mashkujt ndaj femrave ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit dhe, si pasoj\u00eb, n\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs (dmth. numri i vez\u00ebve t\u00eb gazuara). <\/p>\n

\"Gjenetika
\nNj\u00eb mashkull nga nj\u00ebra nga llojet e zogjve t\u00eb parajs\u00ebs vall\u00ebzon p\u00ebrpara femr\u00ebs. Si\u00e7 e shohim, mashkulli duket shum\u00eb m\u00eb i ndritsh\u00ebm se femra. <\/i><\/p>\n

Kjo teori p\u00ebrforcohet nga v\u00ebzhgimet. Femra, e cila ka nj\u00eb partner t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb parin n\u00eb fluturim n\u00eb fshat, investon m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs se sa n\u00ebse mashkulli nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as krip\u00eb as mish. Duket qesharake dhe e \u00e7uditshme, por ritualet q\u00eb realizojn\u00eb mashkujt p\u00ebrpara femrave jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar jo vet\u00ebm bukurin\u00eb, por edhe forc\u00ebn. I ka ndodhur q\u00eb ndritshm\u00ebria e pend\u00ebve, k\u00ebng\u00ebt e bukura dhe shprehje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes nga ana e mashkujve jan\u00eb thjesht sinjale kognitif p\u00ebr femrat, t\u00eb cilat ajo i dekodon n\u00eb informacion mbi mashkullin. <\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga universitetet e Karolin\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut dhe \u00c7ikagos, puna e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve po shqyrtojm\u00eb sot, besojn\u00eb se sjellja e till\u00eb e mashkullit ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim optimizimin e sjelljes s\u00eb femr\u00ebs n\u00eb procesin e riprodhimit.<\/p>\n

Modeli i propozuar nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt bazohet n\u00eb eksperimente t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb kan\u00eb treguar se forcimi i k\u00ebtyre sinjaleve nga ana e mashkullit rrit kontributin e femr\u00ebs n\u00eb procesin e vazhdim\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb rac\u00ebs. Ekziston nj\u00eb supozim se burimi i efekteve stimuluese t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet perceptive q\u00eb lindin nga karakteristikat e mjedisit, sinjaleve dhe sistemit nervor n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Aktualisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura rreth 100 shembuj t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cshk\u00ebputjeve\u201d nga sistemet sensorike normale (d\u00ebgjimi, shikimi dhe er\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Kur nj\u00eb sam\u00ebz tregon vazhdimisht p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij ndaj sam\u00ebrve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, kjo mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb pozitivisht n\u00eb t\u00eb (nj\u00eb sam\u00ebz do ta zgjedh\u00eb at\u00eb me siguri). Por p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sam\u00ebz kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb disavantazh, sepse do t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb realizimin e saj reproduktiv t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ne kemi nj\u00eb situat\u00eb \"t\u00eb tejkalosh pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb\". Sam\u00ebzi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se sam\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe vazhdimisht tregon shenja interesi ndaj sam\u00ebz\u00ebs, do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron \u2014 \u00e7iftimin dhe vazhdimin e rac\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, sam\u00ebza q\u00eb pret nga sam\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nj\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb till\u00eb, por nuk e merr at\u00eb, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb mjeruar. Nj\u00eb rast i till\u00eb quhet nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt si konfliktin nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive: demonstrimi i bukuris\u00eb nga sam\u00ebz\u00ebt rritet n\u00eb popullat\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa nd\u00ebr sam\u00ebza rritet rezistenca ndaj k\u00ebsaj taktike.<\/p>\n

Ky konflikti \u00ebsht\u00eb modeluar me nj\u00eb qasje kompjuterike (rrjeta neuronale). N\u00eb modelet e marra, sinjalizuesi (burimi i sinjalit \u2014 mashkulli) p\u00ebrdor perceptimin perceptiv t\u00eb marr\u00ebsit (marr\u00ebsi i sinjalit \u2014 femra), e cila stimulon vet\u00eb sinjalet n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb perceptimit. N\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar ndodh nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb perceptimin e sinjaleve n\u00eb popullat\u00ebn e femrave (nj\u00eb lloj mutacioni), nga e cila fuqia e sinjaleve t\u00eb burimit (mashkullit) do t\u00eb ulet ndjesh\u00ebm. Rritja e till\u00eb graduale e ndryshimeve do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb ku nj\u00eb apo tjet\u00ebr tip sinjali do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet krejt\u00ebsisht joefektiv. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre ndryshimeve, disa sinjale zhduken, duke humbur fuqin\u00eb e tyre, por shfaqen t\u00eb reja, dhe procesi fillon s\u00ebrish.<\/p>\n

Ky kjo sistem shum\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Imagjinoni nj\u00eb mashkull me nj\u00eb pelt\u00eb t\u00eb ndritshme (nj\u00eb t\u00eb vetme), ai dallohet nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt dhe femrat e preferojn\u00eb at\u00eb. M\u00eb pas shfaqet nj\u00eb mashkull me dy pleta t\u00eb ndritshme, pastaj me tre e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Por fuqia e k\u00ebtij sinjali, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes dhe p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb tij, fillon t\u00eb bie n\u00eb proporcioni. Dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb papritmas shfaqet nj\u00eb mashkull q\u00eb di t\u00eb k\u00ebndoj\u00eb bukur dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb fole. Si rezultat, pleta e bukur si sinjal ndalon s\u00eb qen\u00eb efektive dhe fillon t\u00eb degradoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, gjithmon\u00eb ka p\u00ebrjashtime nga rregullat - disa konflikte nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe mjaft efektiv nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive. <\/p>\n

\"Gjenetika
\nSchema e lindjes s\u00eb konfliktit nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive dhe bashk\u00ebpunimit nd\u00ebrmjet gjinive.<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu q\u00ebndron thelbi: mashkulli me nj\u00eb sinjal m\u00eb t\u00eb theksuar detyron gj\u00ebn\u00eb e femrave t\u00eb vendosin jo tri vez\u00eb, por kat\u00ebr. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr mashkullin \u2014 do t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs me gjene t\u00eb tij. P\u00ebr femr\u00ebn, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb, sepse do t'i duhet t\u00eb shpenzoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb energji p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb dhe arrijn\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e pavarur. Prandaj, femrat fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillohen paralelisht me mashkujt, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme ndaj sinjaleve t\u00eb tyre. Si p\u00ebrfundim, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb dy rrug\u00eb: konflikt apo bashk\u00ebpunim. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e bashk\u00ebpunimit, femrat evolucionojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin 3 vez\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 b\u00ebnin para se t\u00eb shfaqej nj\u00eb sinjal m\u00eb i fort\u00eb nga mashkujt, por vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb reagojn\u00eb ndaj k\u00ebtyre sinjaleve. K\u00ebtu jan\u00eb hilet\u00eb fem\u00ebrore n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e natyr\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu formohet jo thjesht nj\u00eb \u00e7ift, por nj\u00eb \u00e7ift q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00ebri-tjetrin n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel optimal p\u00ebr vazhdimin e rac\u00ebs nga pik\u00ebpamja e nd\u00ebrveprimit sinjal-reagim. <\/p>\n

Mashkullit nuk mund t\u00eb evoluojn\u00eb prapa, p\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe. Sinjalet e tyre t\u00eb forcuara drejt femrave japin nj\u00eb rezultat n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb shtegu me tre vez\u00eb, pra, ndryshe nga sa pritej. Megjithat\u00eb, ulja e sinjalit n\u00eb nivelin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb jet\u00eb po ashtu e pasuksesshme, pasi do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb vez\u00ebve n\u00eb shteg deri n\u00eb dy. K\u00ebshtu del nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl vicioz \u2014 mashkullit nuk mund t\u00eb ulin forc\u00ebn e sinjalit dhe nuk mund ta rrisin at\u00eb, pasi femrat n\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb do t\u00eb japin m\u00eb pak pasardh\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb dytin \u2014 nuk do t\u00eb reagojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, as mashkujt dhe as femrat nuk kan\u00eb ndonj\u00eb q\u00ebllim t\u00eb keq apo d\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. I gjith\u00eb ky proces ndodh n\u00eb nivelin gjenetik dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb orientuar ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb \u00e7iftit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb llojit n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi. <\/p>\n

Rezultatet e hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\nDuke p\u00ebrdorur modelimin matematikor, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vler\u00ebsuan kushtet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ndodhi bashk\u00ebpunimi midis gjinive. Karakteristika sasiore me nj\u00eb mesatare zf<\/i> p\u00ebrshkruan kontributin kryesor t\u00eb femr\u00ebs n\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit e saj. Fillimisht, mesatares i lejohet t\u00eb zhvillohet deri n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e saj optimale zopt<\/i>, e cila varet nga dy variabla: p\u00ebrfitimi nga investimi (numri i pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb mbijetuar) dhe kostoja e investimit p\u00ebr kafsh\u00ebt femra (cf<\/i>). Variabla e fundit vler\u00ebsohet pas riprodhimit, duke n\u00ebnkuptuar se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e femrave mbijeton dhe mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs p\u00ebrs\u00ebri vitin tjet\u00ebr, duke rezultuar n\u00eb rritjen e numrit t\u00eb brezave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren shpesh disa terma q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb sqarohen pak:<\/p>\n