{"id":39172,"date":"2019-10-31T22:28:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:28:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:16","slug":"kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost","title":{"rendered":"Si t\u00eb \"m\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb\" \u2014 rritja e p\u00ebrqendrimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb par\u00eb ne treguan<\/a><\/noindex>, cilat studime q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb pas k\u00ebshillave t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr at\u00eb se si \"t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh\". Pastaj<\/a><\/noindex> diskutuam proceset meta-kognitiv dhe dobishm\u00ebrin\u00eb e \"doodle-ve n\u00eb qoshe\". <\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb \u2014 treguam se si t\u00eb trajnohet memoria \"sip\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebs\".<\/a><\/noindex>. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr memorin\u00eb \u2014 fol\u00ebm ve\u00e7mas k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> dhe k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>, gjithashtu \u2014 shqyrtuam se si \"t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb me karta<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Sot \u2014 do t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrqendrimin, \"multitasking-un\" dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e v\u00ebmendjes<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto: Nonsap Visuals<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00ebmendja \u2014 \"nervi i \u00e7do sistemi psikologjik\"<\/h2>\n

\nPsikologjia e p\u00ebrgjithshme e p\u00ebrcakton v\u00ebmendjen si aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njeriut p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb objekt: nj\u00eb send, nj\u00eb ngjarje, nj\u00eb imazh ose nj\u00eb arsyetim. V\u00ebmendja mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nd\u00ebrgjegjshme \u2014 t\u00eb varet nga interesi i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm, dhe \u2014 e padobishme ose instiktive (do t\u00eb v\u00ebreni nj\u00eb goditje t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb thunderstorms pa e d\u00ebshiruar k\u00ebt\u00eb). Nevoja \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen: k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb njeri i uritur, q\u00eb sheh qytetin, do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb shikimin e tij n\u00eb restorante dhe kafene m\u00eb shpesh se nj\u00eb i ngopur.<\/p>\n

Karakteristikat kryesore t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes jan\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhshm\u00ebria dhe volumi i saj. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje, nj\u00eb person fillimisht d\u00ebgjon vet\u00ebm zhurm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb z\u00ebrave. Megjithat\u00eb, kur dikush i njohur fillon t\u00eb flas\u00eb af\u00ebr, v\u00ebmendja e t\u00eb dyve kalon n\u00eb z\u00ebrat e tyre dhe komunikimin. Ky fenomen, i njohur si 'efekti i fest\u00ebs s\u00eb koktejleve', \u00ebsht\u00eb eksperimentalisht konfirmoi<\/a><\/noindex> i zbuluar n\u00eb vitin 1953 nga Edward Colin Cherry nga Kolegji Imperial i Universitetit t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebllimi i v\u00ebmendjes mund t\u00eb shprehet n\u00eb numrin e objekteve mbi t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb person \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar. Te t\u00eb rriturit, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth kat\u00ebr deri pes\u00eb, maksimumi gjasht\u00eb objekte t\u00eb pap\u00ebr lidhur me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn: p\u00ebr shembull, shkronja ose numra. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ne perceptojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa fjal\u00eb n\u00eb tekst n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb \u2014 ato mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjithashtu fragmente me kuptim t\u00eb materialit. Por numri i tyre s'ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nDhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, v\u00ebmendja karakterizohet nga aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn (shp\u00ebrndarja nga kjo pik\u00ebpamje - aft\u00ebsi e pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb efektivisht) dhe q\u00ebndrushm\u00ebria - mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur p\u00ebrqendrimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Ky ve\u00e7ori varet nga karakteristikat e materialit t\u00eb studiuar dhe vet\u00eb personit.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\nFoto: Stefan Cosma<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrqendrimi i v\u00ebmendjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kushtet p\u00ebr pun\u00eb dhe studime t\u00eb suksesshme. Charles Darwin shkruar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb autobiografin\u00eb \"Kujtimet p\u00ebr zhvillimin e mendjes dhe karakterit tim\", q\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb ndihmoi jo vet\u00ebm \"zakoni i pun\u00ebs energjike, por edhe v\u00ebmendja ndaj \u00e7do pune me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn isha i angazhuar\". Dhe psikologu anglo-amerikan Edward Bradford Titchener n\u00eb librin \"Ligj\u00ebratat mbi psikologjin\u00eb eksperimentale t\u00eb ndjenjave dhe v\u00ebmendjes\" (1908) shkroi<\/a><\/noindex> e tij \"nervi i \u00e7do sistemi psikologjik\".<\/p>\n

Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb u p\u00ebrqendruar ka nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv edhe n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn akademike. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> studimet e MIT-it, t\u00eb cilat u kryen n\u00eb Boston. Ato flasin p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen si \"nj\u00eb form\u00eb aktiviteti mendor q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbajm\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

Multitasking \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mit<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb botimet e njohura, shkruhet se efektiviteti i pun\u00ebs mund t\u00eb rritet dhe v\u00ebmendshm\u00ebria t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet, supozohet, duke st\u00ebrvitur shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebrin\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas studimeve, shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi q\u00eb, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb zhvillohet, dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e panevojshme.<\/p>\n

Sipas pun\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> sipas neuropsikologut dhe profesor t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Shtetit t\u00eb Jut\u00ebs, David Strayer, shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori unike: e kan\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2.5% e njer\u00ebzve. Kjo p\u00ebrcaktohet gjenetikisht dhe t\u00eb zhvillohet kaq, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje kohe. \"Ne e mashtrojm\u00eb veten dhe jemi t\u00eb prirur ta mbivler\u00ebsojm\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri,\" \u00ebsht\u00eb i bindur<\/a><\/noindex> shkenc\u00ebtari.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEksperimentet, t\u00eb kryera<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Universitetin e Stanfordit, treguan se pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e vendosur n\u00eb kushte p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur disa detyra nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebrfunduan m\u00eb keq me detyrat. Me sa duket, shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria mund t\u00eb duket efektive, por n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit ky qasje merr deri n\u00eb 40% m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe rezultatet jan\u00eb plot gabime, mendon<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Shoqat\u00ebn Psikologjike Amerikane.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet p\u00ebrqendrimi<\/h2>\n

\nT\u00eb b\u00ebhesh m\u00eb i v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur. P.sh., ka hulumtimit<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se teknika t\u00eb ndryshme meditimi \u2014 si traditat e Lindjes, ashtu edhe praktikat moderne t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura n\u00eb SHBA dhe Evrop\u00eb, ndihmojn\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb reduktimin e stresit dhe zhvillimin e vet\u00eb-regullimit, por gjithashtu p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar v\u00ebmendjen.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, nuk t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve u p\u00eblqen t\u00eb meditojn\u00eb. Fatmir\u00ebsisht, ka alternativa. Tom Wujec nga Singularity University, rekomandon<\/a><\/noindex> disa ushtrime t\u00eb thjeshta. Po ulur n\u00eb metro, apo duke pritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb parking makine? M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar kalimin e koh\u00ebs dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar v\u00ebmendjen \u2014 fokusohuni p\u00ebr pes\u00eb minuta mbi nj\u00eb poster reklamash ose nj\u00eb ngjit\u00ebse n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb makin\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara, pa menduar p\u00ebr asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Po lexoni nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuar dhe u shp\u00ebrndat\u00eb? Mbani mend fragmentin ku u humb\u00ebt dhe lexoni at\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\nFoto: Ben White<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

E v\u00ebrteta, edhe pa k\u00ebshillat e Tom Wujec, ne e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, por ai thot\u00eb se funksionon shk\u00eblqyer. Po q\u00ebndroni n\u00eb nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00eb ose konferenc\u00eb t\u00eb lodhshme? Uluni n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme. Thjesht do t\u00eb detyroheni t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni me v\u00ebmendje, e bind Wujec. Burimi edukativ Mission.org k\u00ebshillon<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb lexosh libra t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm \u00e7do dit\u00eb, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohesh n\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb t\u00eb vetme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb meditosh. Por duket se k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i p\u00ebrqendrimit \"sip\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebs\"<\/h2>\n

\nOpini i shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve duket paradoksal: p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar, nuk duhet ta zhvillosh k\u00ebt\u00eb aft\u00ebsi me ushtrime speciale ose t\u00eb mundohesh me forc\u00eb, por thjesht t'i jap\u00ebsh mendjes nj\u00eb pushim<\/b>. Psikolog\u00ebt-hulumtues mendojn\u00eb se njeriu e humbet aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrqendruar jo sepse nuk e di ose nuk e do k\u00ebt\u00eb, por procrastinimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb defekt n\u00eb funksionim, por nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori ky\u00e7e e sistemit nervor q\u00eb ndihmon mendjen ton\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb normalisht: p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi i intensifikuar (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse korteksi frontal i trurit) k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb energji, prandaj duke u shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, i japim mendjes nj\u00eb pushim.<\/p>\n

Paul Sell, psikolog n\u00eb Universitetin Harvard, beson<\/a><\/noindex> pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebshtu, duke e quajtur procrastinimin \"shk\u00ebputje mendore\". Ai pretendon se \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme t\u00eb pushosh, duke iu referuar nj\u00eb studimi, t\u00eb publikuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb revist\u00ebn NeuroImage. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme t\u00eb \u00ab\u00ebnd\u00ebrrosh\u00bb, por duhet t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzosh koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb leht\u00eb jet\u00ebsor q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje intelektuale. Pasi t\u00eb kesh b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb rikthehesh n\u00eb studim dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendroheshe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nK\u00ebshilla e Paul Sellit p\u00ebrputhet me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00eb marra q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1993: truri \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me intensitet p\u00ebr maksimumi 90 minuta. P\u00ebr t'u rikuperuar, nevojitet nj\u00eb pushim prej 15 minutash.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim m\u00eb t\u00eb vonsh\u00ebm nga specialist\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Illinoisit shfaqet<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebrfitimi i pushimeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurtra \u2014 p\u00ebr disa sekonda \u2014 (breaks mendore) p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebllim. N\u00eb Institutin Teknologjik t\u00eb Georgis\u00eb pohojn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb perceptimi i materialeve p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet nga ushtrimet fizike, nd\u00ebrsa kafeina p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson kujtes\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrqendrimin. N\u00eb Universitetin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Australis\u00eb, u zhvillua nj\u00eb eksperiment me 124 student\u00eb dhe u zbuluan<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb video arg\u00ebtues nga YouTube ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u pushuar dhe rikuperuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb u p\u00ebrqendruar m\u00eb efektivisht m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

TL;DR<\/h2>\n

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