{"id":39172,"date":"2019-10-31T22:28:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:28:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:28:16","slug":"kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/kak-nauchitsya-uchitsya-uluchshaem-vnimatelnost","title":{"rendered":"Si si \u00abm\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb\u00bb \u2014 p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojm\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb par\u00eb ne treguam<\/a><\/noindex>, cilat hulumtime q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb pas k\u00ebshillave t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr \u00abt\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit si t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb\u00bb. Pastaj<\/a><\/noindex> diskutuam proceset metakognitive dhe dobishm\u00ebrin\u00eb e \u00abpikturave n\u00eb margjinat e librit\u00bb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb \u2014 fol\u00ebm p\u00ebr st\u00ebrvitjen e memories \u00absip\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebs\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. Sejcili, n\u00eb lidhje me memorjen \u2014 diskutuam ve\u00e7mas k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> dhe k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>, gjithashtu \u2014 shqyrtuam se si \u00abt\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb me karta<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Sot \u2014 do t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrqendrimin, \u00abmarrjen e shum\u00ebk\u00ebndesh\u00bb dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e v\u00ebmendjes<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFotografia: Nonsap Visuals<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00ebmendja \u2014 \u00abnervi i \u00e7do sistemi psikologjik\u00bb<\/h2>\n

\nPsikologjia e p\u00ebrgjithshme e definon v\u00ebmendjen si aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njeriut p\u00ebr t\u00eb u p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar mbi ndonj\u00eb objekt: nj\u00eb send, ngjarje, figur\u00eb ose arsyetim. V\u00ebmendja mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e d\u00ebshiruara \u2014 t\u00eb varet nga interesi i mendjes, dhe \u2014 e pad\u00ebshiruar ose instinktive (do ta vini re goditjen kushtore t\u00eb bubullim\u00ebs pavar\u00ebsisht d\u00ebshir\u00ebs suaj). Nevoja \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb v\u00ebmendje: k\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i uritur, duke ecur n\u00eb qytet, do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb shikimin n\u00eb restorante dhe kafene m\u00eb shpesh se nj\u00eb i ngopur.<\/p>\n

Karakteristikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes jan\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhshm\u00ebria dhe kapaciteti. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje nj\u00eb njeri fillimisht d\u00ebgjon vet\u00ebm zhurm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb z\u00ebrave. Megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb moment, kur nj\u00eb njohuri e tij fillon t\u00eb flas\u00eb pran\u00eb, v\u00ebmendja e t\u00eb dyve do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb te z\u00ebrat e tyre dhe bisedat. Ky fenomen, i njohur si \u00abefekti i fest\u00ebs s\u00eb koktejit\u00bb, \u00ebsht\u00eb provuar eksperimentalisht nga<\/a><\/noindex> Edward Colin Cherry nga Imperial College t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1953.<\/p>\n

Kapaciteti i v\u00ebmendjes mund t\u00eb shprehet n\u00eb numrin e objekteve mbi t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb njeri \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb t\u00eb rritur, ky num\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht kat\u00ebr-pes\u00eb, maksimumi \u2014 gjasht\u00eb objekte t\u00eb pa lidhura me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin: p\u00ebr shembull, shkronja ose numra. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ne t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht perceptojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa fjal\u00eb n\u00eb tekst \u2014 ato mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjithashtu fragmente t\u00eb kuptimshme t\u00eb materialit. Por numri i tyre \u2014 nuk duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb gjasht\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nDhe n\u00eb fund, v\u00ebmendja karakterizohet nga aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t'u kaluar nga nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr (shkatarja nga ky k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim \u00ebsht\u00eb paaft\u00ebsia e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive) dhe q\u00ebndrushm\u00ebria \u2014 mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur p\u00ebrqendrimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Ky karakteristik varet nga ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e materialit t\u00eb studiuar dhe vet\u00eb personit.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\nFotografia: Stefan Cosma<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrqendrimi i v\u00ebmendjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kushtet e suksesit n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe studim. Charles Darwin shkruante<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb autobiografin\u00eb e tij \u00abKujtimet e zhvillimit t\u00eb mendjes dhe karakterit tim\u00bb, se n\u00eb pun\u00eb e ndihmoi jo vet\u00ebm \u00abzakoni i pun\u00ebs energjike, por edhe v\u00ebmendja p\u00ebr \u00e7do \u00e7\u00ebshtje me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn isha i angazhuar\u00bb. Dhe psikologu anglo-amerikan Edward Bradford Titchener n\u00eb librin e tij \u00abLectures on Experimental Psychology of Sensation and Attention\u00bb (1908) e quajti<\/a><\/noindex> \u00abnervin e \u00e7do sistemi psikologjik\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrqendruar ka nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv edhe n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn akademike. K\u00ebshtu d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> studimet e MIT q\u00eb u zhvilluan n\u00eb Boston. Ato flasin p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen si nj\u00eb \u00abform\u00eb aktiviteti mendor, t\u00eb cilin duhet ta mbash\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Multitaskingu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mit<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb publikime t\u00eb njohura shkruhet se sipas dukjes efektiviteti i pun\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i p\u00ebrqendrimit mund t\u00eb arrihet duke trajnuar multitaskingun. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas studimeve, multitasking \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi q\u00eb, s\u00eb pari, nuk mund t\u00eb zhvillohet, dhe s\u00eb dyti, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht e panevojshme.<\/p>\n

Sipas pun\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex> neuropsikologut dhe profesorit n\u00eb Universitetin e Utah David Strayer, multitasking \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tipar unik: vet\u00ebm 2.5% e njer\u00ebzve e zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb at\u00eb. Ai p\u00ebrcaktohet gjenetikisht dhe zhvillimi i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje kohe. \u00abNe i mashtrojm\u00eb veten dhe kemi prirjen t\u00eb mbivler\u00ebsojm\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb p\u00ebr multitasking\u00bb, \u00ebsht\u00eb i bindur<\/a><\/noindex> themeluesi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEksperimentet, t\u00eb zhvilluara<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Universitetin e Stanfordit, treguan se subjektet e vendosura n\u00eb kushte p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur disa detyra nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht e kishin m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeshin me detyrat. N\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, multitaskingu mund t\u00eb duket efektiv, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ky qasje i merr deri n\u00eb 40% m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe rezultatet jan\u00eb plot gabime, mendohen<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Assoicat\u00ebn Amerikane t\u00eb Psikologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojm\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimin<\/h2>\n

\nMund t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr shembull, ka studime<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00eb cilat tregojn\u00eb se teknikat e ndryshme t\u00eb meditimit \u2014 si ato tradicionale lindore, ashtu edhe praktikat moderne t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura n\u00eb SHBA dhe Evrop\u00eb, ndihmojn\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb uljen e stresit dhe zhvillimin e vet\u00eb-regullimit, por edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e ndjesh\u00ebm t\u00eb aft\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar v\u00ebmendjen.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb meditojn\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb, ka alternativa. Tom Wujec nga Singularity University, k\u00ebshillon<\/a><\/noindex> disa ushtrime t\u00eb thjeshta. Po u ulni n\u00eb metro apo q\u00ebndroni n\u00eb nj\u00eb parking makines? M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar koh\u00ebn dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajnuar v\u00ebmendjen \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendroheni p\u00ebr pes\u00eb minuta n\u00eb nj\u00eb poster reklame ose nj\u00eb ngjit\u00ebs n\u00eb bumperin e makin\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara, duke mos menduar p\u00ebr asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Po lexoni nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuar dhe u shqet\u00ebsuat? M\u00ebsoni nj\u00eb fragment ku humb\u00ebt dhe lexojeni at\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\nFotografia: Ben White<\/a><\/noindex> \/ Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se edhe pa k\u00ebshillat e Tom Wujec ne e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, por ai pretendon se punon shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm. Po q\u00ebndroni n\u00eb nj\u00eb leksion apo konferenc\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme? Uluni sa m\u00eb keq n\u00eb mund\u00ebsi. T\u00eb jeni t\u00eb sigurt se do t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni me v\u00ebmendje, e bind Wujec. Burimi edukativ Mission.org k\u00ebshillon<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb lexoni libra print deri \u00e7do dit\u00eb, q\u00eb do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendroheni n\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb t\u00eb vetme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb meditoni. Por ne mendojm\u00eb se k\u00ebto k\u00ebshilla jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i v\u00ebmendjes \"n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me shkenc\u00ebn\"<\/h2>\n

\nMendimi i shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve duket paradoksal: p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb zhvilloni aft\u00ebsin\u00eb tuaj p\u00ebrmes ushtrimeve speciale ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeni me forc\u00eb, por thjesht t'i jepni trurit tuaj pushim<\/b>. Psikolog\u00ebt hulumtues mendojn\u00eb: njeriu humbet aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar jo sepse nuk di ose nuk d\u00ebshiron ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Prokrastinimi \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb e met\u00eb e funksionit, por nj\u00eb pron\u00eb ky\u00e7e e sistemit nervor, q\u00eb ndihmon trurin ton\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb normalisht: v\u00ebmendja e tensionuar (k\u00ebt\u00eb e menaxhon lobi frontal i korteksit cerebral) k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb energji, prandaj duke u shp\u00ebrqendruar, i japim trurit nj\u00eb pushim.<\/p>\n

Paul Seliy, psikolog i Universitetit t\u00eb Harvardit, beson<\/a><\/noindex> se \u00ebsht\u00eb ashtu, duke e quajtur prokrastinimin \"shk\u00ebrmoqje mendore\". Ai thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e men\u00e7ur t\u00eb b\u00ebsh pushime, duke iu referuar nj\u00eb studimi, t\u00eb publikuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb revist\u00ebn NeuroImage. Duhet jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00ab\u00ebnd\u00ebrrosh\u00bb, por t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh koh\u00ebn e pushimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb jet\u00ebsor q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha intelektuale. Pas k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb kthehesh n\u00eb studim dhe t\u00eb fokusohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nK\u00ebshilla e Paul Seli pajtohet me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00eb marra q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1993: truri mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb intensively p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90 minuta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb riparuar, nevojitet nj\u00eb pushim prej 15 minutash.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim m\u00eb t\u00eb vonsh\u00ebm nga specialist\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Illinois u tregua<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebrfitimi i pushimeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurtra \u2014 p\u00ebr disa sekonda \u2014 (mental \u00abbreaks\u00bb) me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebllim. N\u00eb Institutin Teknologjik t\u00eb Georgjis\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb perceptimi i materialit p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet nga ushtrimet fizike, nd\u00ebrsa kafena \u2014 nga memoria dhe v\u00ebmendja. N\u00eb Universitetin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Australis\u00eb, u zhvillua nj\u00eb eksperiment me 124 student\u00eb dhe zbulua<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb video arg\u00ebtuese me YouTube ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pushuar dhe riparuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb u fokusuar m\u00eb efektivisht m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

TL;DR<\/h2>\n

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