{"id":39389,"date":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","slug":"kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","title":{"rendered":"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/3cc15ea6c8304f594ed7d78dace45b8f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb erdhi n\u00eb mendje nj\u00eb ide absurd p\u00ebr t\u00eb grumbulluar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/428513\/\">500 lazer pointera n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend<\/a><\/noindex>. Kam shpenzuar shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe e b\u00ebra. Doli mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse dhe e panevojshme, por m\u00eb p\u00eblqeu. Gjasht\u00eb muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb m\u00eb erdhi nj\u00eb ide tjet\u00ebr absurd. K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb jo fare mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse, por shum\u00eb m\u00eb e dobishme. Kam shpenzuar gjithashtu shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull paraqes versionin beta t\u00eb ideve t\u00eb mia t\u00eb dyta t\u00eb \u00e7mendura.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nProjekti e quajta Nanonyam (\u041d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043c) dhe madje i shpika nj\u00eb logo (e kam vizatuar p\u00ebr 5 minuta).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2c91fb239bbf26a83bda83f572f2ac98.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr ata q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb n\u00eb terma Arduino, mund t\u00eb thuhet se Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Arduino-shield virtual p\u00ebr menaxhimin e Windows.<\/p>\n<p>Me fjal\u00eb tjera, Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn si kod bajt \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur firmware p\u00ebr mikrokontrollerin AVR (t\u00eb rekomanduara ATMEGA2560). Brenda k\u00ebsaj makine virtuale ndodhet nj\u00eb simulator i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs AVR, por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb pajisjeve periferike, t\u00eb cilat ndodhen n\u00eb adresat e SRAM nga 0x0060 deri n\u00eb 0x01FF, ndodhet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe speciale p\u00ebr funksionet virtuale (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb funksionet e Windows API). Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb: kodi p\u00ebr Nanonyam nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb referenc\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb gam\u00eb memorjeje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur rast\u00ebsisht thirrjen, p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb fshirjes s\u00eb skedar\u00ebve apo formatimit t\u00eb diskut. Gama tjet\u00ebr e memorjes SRAM nga 0x0200 deri n\u00eb 0xFFFF (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se n\u00eb mikrokontrollerin real) \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb ndryshme. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb theksoj se ekziston nj\u00eb mbrojtje speciale ndaj aktivizimit aksidental t\u00eb firmware-s\u00eb s\u00eb mikrokontrollerit t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb (ose firmware-s\u00eb nga arkitektura tjet\u00ebr): para se t\u00eb aktivizoni funksionet 't\u00eb rrezikshme', \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb thirreni nj\u00eb funksion virtual t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb edhe disa elemente t\u00eb tjera mbrojtjeje.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar programe p\u00ebr Nanonyam nevojiten biblioteka speciale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb implementuar t\u00eb gjitha funksionet virtuale t\u00eb disponueshme deri tani. Shkarko makin\u00ebn virtuale Nanonyam dhe bibliotekat e saj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/downloads.html\">mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/libraries.html\">faqja e p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb funksioneve virtuale<\/a><\/noindex>. Po, ndizet q\u00eb faqja ime \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb primitive dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e adaptuar p\u00ebr pajisje mobile.<\/p>\n<p><b>Programi Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb falas p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe komercialisht. Programi Nanonyam ofrohet n\u00eb kushte 'ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb'. Kodi burimor nuk ofrohet.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Currently, the program is in the testing phase. About 200 virtual functions have been implemented, allowing for the creation of simple programs for Windows.<br \/>\nIt's obvious that creating something complex in such a virtual machine won't work, as there\u2019s only 256 kB of memory for the code. Data can be stored in separate files, and the buffer for the graphical part is implemented externally. All functions are simplified and adapted for 8-bit architecture.<\/p>\n<p>What can you do in Nanonyam? I've come up with several tasks.<\/p>\n<h4>Working on software blocks<\/h4>\n<p>\nNj\u00ebher\u00eb, m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb zhvilloja nj\u00eb menu komplekse p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekran grafik 128&#215;64 piksel. Nuk doja aspak ta ngarkoja vazhdimisht firmware-n n\u00eb mikrocontrollerin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se si duken pikselat. K\u00ebshtu lindi ideja e Nanonyam. N\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje nga nj\u00eb ekran OLED real i nj\u00ebrit nga element\u00ebt e asaj menus\u00eb. Tani mund ta punoj pa pajisjen reale.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/1564f1cd12a966743a3f70ebfb592491.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNanonyam (in its ultimate design) is a great tool for working on software blocks for microcontrollers, as it has functions for graphics (you can simulate displays and indicators), for files (you can create logs, read test data), for keyboards (you can read up to 10 buttons simultaneously), and for COM ports (which is a separate point).<\/p>\n<h4>Creating quick programs<\/h4>\n<p>\nFor example, you need to quickly process 100500 text files. Each file needs to be opened, slightly modified according to a simple algorithm, saved, and closed. If you're a Python master, congratulations, you have everything you need. But if you're a dedicated Arduino enthusiast (and there are quite a few), then Nanonyam will help you solve this task. This is my second goal with Nanonyam: to add many useful functions like text processing, taking screenshots, or simulating key presses in the system (which are all already available), as well as many other functions for tackling routine tasks.<\/p>\n<h4>Testing hardware via COM port<\/h4>\n<p>\nNanonyam mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb terminal q\u00eb punon sipas algoritmit tuaj. Mund t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb menu t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar pajisjen dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb merren nga porta. Mund t\u00eb ruani dhe lexoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga skedar\u00ebt p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb. Nj\u00eb mjet i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr riparimin dhe kalibrimin e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve, si dhe p\u00ebr krijimin e paneleve virtuale t\u00eb thjeshta t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb pajisjeve. Ky projekt mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e rinj.<\/p>\n<h4>M\u00ebsimi i programimit<\/h4>\n<p>\nMegjithat\u00eb, si n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb projektin Arduino, dobia kryesore e Nanonyam q\u00ebndron n\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsin\u00eb e funksioneve, nd\u00ebrfaqes dhe bootloaderit. Prandaj, ky projekt duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i interesant p\u00ebr programuesit e rinj dhe ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur me nivelin e Arduino. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, un\u00eb ende nuk e kam studiuar thell\u00ebsisht Arduino, pasi gjithmon\u00eb kam p\u00ebrdorur WinAVR ose AVR Studio, dhe kam filluar me assembler. Prandaj, shembulli i m\u00ebposht\u00ebm do t\u00eb jet\u00eb paksa i gabuar, por mjaft funksional.<\/p>\n<h4>P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, Habr!<\/h4>\n<p>\nKa ardhur koha t\u00eb njohim disa funksione t\u00eb Nanonyam dhe t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb program t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Do t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb Arduino, por jo ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb zakon, por ashtu si\u00e7 e di tani (kam th\u00ebn\u00eb se ende nuk e kam kuptuar mir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mjedis). S\u00eb pari, krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb skic\u00eb t\u00eb re dhe zgjedhim pllak\u00ebn Mega2560.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/edfb326204fea718e5238b0a6a32ed89.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRuajm\u00eb skic\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar dhe kopjojm\u00eb pran\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/downloads.html\">bibliotek\u00ebn Nanonyam<\/a><\/noindex>. Do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin titujt e bibliotekave, por nuk di si t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj kompilimin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb Arduino, prandaj p\u00ebr momentin do t'i p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb bibliotekat drejtp\u00ebrdrejt (dhe t\u00eb gjitha nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include \"NanonyamnN_System_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Keyboard_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_File_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Math_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Text_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Graphics_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_RS232_lib.c\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nM\u00eb sakt\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb krijonim nj\u00eb modul t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm \"Nanonyam p\u00ebr Arduino\", q\u00eb mund t\u00eb instalohet direkt nga Arduino. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb ta kuptoj k\u00ebt\u00eb, do ta b\u00ebj, por p\u00ebr momentin po tregoj thelbin e pun\u00ebs me makin\u00ebn virtuale. Le t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb kod t\u00eb till\u00eb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/\/\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435\nvoid setup() {\n  sys_Nanonyam();\/\/\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\n  g_SetScreenSize(400,200);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 400\u0445200 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\n  sys_WindowSetText(\"Example\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\n  g_ConfigExternalFont(0,60,1,0,0,0,\"Arial\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 Windows \u0432 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0\n  g_SetExternalFont(0);\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\n  g_SetBackRGB(0,0,255);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439\n  g_SetTextRGB(255,255,0);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0451\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0439\n  g_ClearAll();\/\/\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d (\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430)\n  g_DrawTextCenterX(0,400,70,\"Hello, Habr!\");\/\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\n  g_Update();\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\n}\n\n\/\/\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0451\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b\nvoid loop() {\n  sys_Delay(100);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSkica me k\u00ebt\u00eb program <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nanoslavic.com\/downloads\/example002.ino\">mund t\u00eb shkarkohet k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebrshkrimi i detajuar i funksioneve <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/libraries.html\">k\u00ebrkoni n\u00eb webfaqe<\/a><\/noindex>. Shpresoj se komentet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kod jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar thelbin. K\u00ebtu funksioni <b>sys_Nanonyam()<\/b> ka rolin e \"fjal\u00ebkalimit\" p\u00ebr makin\u00ebn virtuale, i cili heq kufizimet mbi funksionet virtuale. Pa k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion, programi do t\u00eb mbyllet pas 3 sekondash funksionimi.<\/p>\n<p>Klikoni butonin \"Kontrollo\" dhe nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb gabim.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ab8e13e6bf320848a30d4a997ba6bd8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTani duhet t\u00eb marrim skedarin binar (firmware). Zgjidhni menun\u00eb &#171;<i>Skica&gt;&gt;Eksporto skedarin binar (CTRL+ALT+S)<\/i>&#171;.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/3cae211bf76616e8d4cd7beb8f91c7a7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast do t\u00eb kopjohen dy skedar\u00eb HEX n\u00eb nj\u00eb dosje me skic\u00ebn. <b>Ne marrim vet\u00ebm skedarin pa prefiksin \u00abwith_bootloader.mega\u00bb.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ka disa m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikuar skedarin HEX n\u00eb makinerin\u00eb virtuale Nanonyam, t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/libraries.html\">n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faqe<\/a><\/noindex>. Un\u00eb propozoj t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb skedar pran\u00eb skedarit <i>Nanonyam.exe<\/i> skeda <i>Nanonyam.path<\/i>, ku sh\u00ebnohet rruga e plot\u00eb deri tek skedari yn\u00eb HEX. Pas k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb nisni <i>Nanonyam.exe<\/i>. Marrim nj\u00eb dritare me shkrimin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si sih Arduino t\u00eb krijosh programe p\u00ebr Windows\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/0bb6e712cedbd9d10d3a7202a5d1b488.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr shembuj, gjithashtu mund t\u00eb krijoni programe n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb AVR Studio ose WinAVR.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfundon t\u00eb njohurit me Nanonyam p\u00ebr tani. Ideja kryesore duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/nanonyam\/examples.html\">Ka edhe shembuj n\u00eb faqen<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mjaft d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt, do t\u00eb b\u00ebj m\u00eb shum\u00eb shembuj dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj t\u00eb \u00abmbush\u00bb bibliotekat e funksioneve virtuale. Miratohen ide konkrete p\u00ebr zhvillimin e projektit dhe raporte mbi defektet, bug-et dhe gabimet. Preferohet t'i d\u00ebrgoni ato n\u00eb kontaktet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nanoslavic.ru\/contacts.html\">t\u00eb shenuara n\u00eb faqen<\/a><\/noindex>. Diskutimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00ebpritur n\u00eb komente.<\/p>\n<p>Faleminderit t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen dhe programim t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm!<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/472958\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 500 \u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u042f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0418 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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