{"id":39389,"date":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","slug":"kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","title":{"rendered":"Si t\u00eb krijoni programe p\u00ebr Windows n\u00eb Arduino","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Si
\n
\nNj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb erdhi nj\u00eb ide e \u00e7mendur p\u00ebr t\u00eb grumbulluar 500 tregues laser n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend<\/a><\/noindex>. Kam shpenzuar shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe e b\u00ebm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Doli t\u00eb ishte spektakolare dhe e padobishme, por m\u00eb p\u00eblqeu. Gjasht\u00eb muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb, m\u00eb erdhi nj\u00eb ide tjet\u00ebr e \u00e7mendur. K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb nuk ishte aspak spektakolare, por shum\u00eb m\u00eb e dobishme. Kam shpenzuar gjithashtu shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, un\u00eb paraqes versionin beta t\u00eb ide\u00ebs time t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mendur.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nProjekti e quajta Nanonyam dhe madje i krijova nj\u00eb logo (e kam vizatuar p\u00ebr plot 5 minuta).<\/p>\n

\"Si
\n
\nP\u00ebr ata q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb n\u00eb terma Arduino, mund t\u00eb thuhet se Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shild virtual Arduino p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar Windows.<\/p>\n

Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn si kod bajt p\u00ebrdoret firmware p\u00ebr mikro kontrolluesin AVR (rekomandohet ATMEGA2560). Brenda k\u00ebsaj makine virtuale ndodhet nj\u00eb simulator i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs AVR, por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb pajisjeve periferike q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb adresat SRAM nga 0x0060 deri n\u00eb 0x01FF, ndodhet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe speciale p\u00ebr funksionet virtuale (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb funksionet e API Windows). Dhe k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb: kodi p\u00ebr Nanonyam nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb referenc\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb gam\u00eb memorie, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos th\u00ebrras\u00eb rast\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb funksion p\u00ebr fshirjen e skedar\u00ebve ose formatimin e disku. Gama tjet\u00ebr e memories SRAM nga 0x0200 deri n\u00eb 0xFFFF (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se n\u00eb mikrokontrolluesin real) \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb ndryshme. Duhet t\u00eb theksoj se ka nj\u00eb mbrojtje speciale nga aktivizimi aksidental i firmware-t s\u00eb mikro kontrolluesit t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb (ose firmware nga nj\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb tjet\u00ebr): para se t\u00eb aktivizoni funksionet \"e rrezikshme\", duhet t\u00eb th\u00ebrrisni nj\u00eb funksion virtual t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb edhe disa elemente t\u00eb tjera mbrojt\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar programe p\u00ebr Nanonyam, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni biblioteka speciale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb implementuar t\u00eb gjitha funksionet virtuale q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion deri tani. Shkarkoni makin\u00ebn virtuale Nanonyam dhe bibliotekat e saj mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja se si faqja e p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb funksioneve virtuale<\/a><\/noindex>. Dhe po, sajtin tim \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb primitiv dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr pajisjet mobile.<\/p>\n

Programi Nanonyam \u00ebsht\u00eb falas p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim sht\u00ebpiak dhe komercial. Programi Nanonyam ofrohet n\u00eb kushte \"si \u00ebsht\u00eb\". Kodi burimor nuk ofrohet.<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, programi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e testimit. Jan\u00eb implementuar rreth 200 funksione virtuale, t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb krijimin e programeve t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr Windows.
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb krijosh di\u00e7ka komplekse n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale t\u00eb till\u00eb, pasi ka vet\u00ebm 256 kB memorie p\u00ebr kod. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mund t\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb skedar\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ndihma p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn grafike \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar jasht\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha funksionet jan\u00eb thjeshtuar dhe p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn 8-bit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni n\u00eb Nanonyam? Kam menduar disa detyra.<\/p>\n

Praktikimi i blloqeve programore<\/h4>\n

\nNj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb zhvilloja nj\u00eb menu t\u00eb komplikuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekran grafik 128×64 piksel. Nuk doja aspak t\u00eb ngarkoja vazhdimisht firmware n\u00eb nj\u00eb mikrocontroler t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb si duken pikselat. K\u00ebshtu lindi iden\u00eb e Nanonyam. N\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh nga nj\u00eb ekran OLED i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i nj\u00eb prej pikave t\u00eb asaj menuje. Tani mund ta punoj at\u00eb pa pajisjen reale.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\n
\nNanonyam (n\u00eb konceptin e tij p\u00ebrfundimtar) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr praktikimin e blloqeve programore p\u00ebr mikro-kontrolluesit, pasi ka funksione p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me grafik\u00ebn (mund t\u00eb simuloj\u00eb ekrane dhe tregues), me skedar\u00eb (mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb loge, t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna testuese), me tastier\u00ebn (mund t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 10 butona nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht), me portat COM (k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Krijimi i programeve t\u00eb shpejta<\/h4>\n

\nP\u00ebr shembull, ju duhen disa minuta q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunoni 100500 skedar\u00eb teksti. \u00c7do skedar duhet t\u00eb hapet, t\u00eb modifikohet pak sipas nj\u00eb algoritmi t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ruhet e t\u00eb mbyllet. N\u00ebse jeni nj\u00eb ekspert n\u00eb Python, ju uroj gjith\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebn, keni gjith\u00e7ka. Por n\u00ebse jeni nj\u00eb Arduino i armatosur (dhe ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb), at\u00ebher\u00eb Nanonyam do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e k\u00ebsaj detyre. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb nga objektivat e mia n\u00eb Nanonyam: t\u00eb shtoj shum\u00eb funksione t\u00eb dobishme si p\u00ebrpunimi i tekstit, krijimi i skrinshot-eve ose imitimi i shtypjes s\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave n\u00eb sistem (kjo, p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn, tashm\u00eb ekziston), si dhe shum\u00eb funksione t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e detyrave t\u00eb zakonshme.<\/p>\n

Testimi i pajisjeve p\u00ebrmes portit COM<\/h4>\n

\nNanonyam mund t\u00eb veproj\u00eb si nj\u00eb terminal, q\u00eb funksionon sipas algoritmit tuaj. Mund t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb menu t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar pajisjen dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e marrura nga porta. Mund t\u00eb ruani dhe lexoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga skedar\u00ebt p\u00ebr analiza. Nj\u00eb mjet i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr debugging t\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe kalibrimin e pajisjeve, si dhe p\u00ebr krijimin e paneleve virtuale t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pajisjes. P\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e rinj, ky projekt mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebsimi i programimit<\/h4>\n

\nMegjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodh me \u00e7do projekt tjet\u00ebr Arduino, dobin\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb Nanonyam e p\u00ebrb\u00ebn thjesht\u00ebsia e funksioneve, nd\u00ebrfaqes dhe bootloader-it. Prandaj, ky projekt duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i interesant p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt n\u00eb programim dhe ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur me nivelin e Arduino-s. Tani p\u00ebr tani, un\u00eb ende s'kam studiuar Arduino-n n\u00eb detaje, pasi gjithmon\u00eb kam p\u00ebrdorur WinAVR ose AVR Studio, dhe kam filluar me assembler. Prandaj, shembulli i programit m\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb paksa i pap\u00ebrsosur, por plot\u00ebsisht funksional.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, Habr!<\/h4>\n

\nKa ardhur koha p\u00ebr tu njohur me disa funksione t\u00eb Nanonyam dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar nj\u00eb program t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Do t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb Arduino, por jo si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb zakon, por ashtu si\u00e7 un\u00eb tani di (m\u00eb par\u00eb thash\u00eb se nuk e kam kuptuar ende mir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mjedis). S\u00eb pari krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb skic\u00eb t\u00eb re dhe zgjedhim pllak\u00ebn Mega2560.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\n
\nRuajm\u00eb skic\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar dhe kopjojm\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah bibliotek\u00ebn Nanonyam<\/a><\/noindex>. Do ishte e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin titujt e bibliotekave, por nuk di si t\u00eb shkruaj kompilimin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb Arduino, prandaj p\u00ebr momentin do t'i p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb bibliotekat drejtp\u00ebrdrejt (dhe t\u00eb gjitha nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh):<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>\n#include \"NanonyamnN_System_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Keyboard_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_File_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Math_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Text_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Graphics_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_RS232_lib.c\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDo ishte akoma m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb modul i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb 'Nanonyam p\u00ebr Arduino', i cili mund t\u00eb instalohej drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga Arduino. Sa m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb ta kuptoj k\u00ebt\u00eb, do ta b\u00ebj, por p\u00ebr momentin po tregoj l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs me makin\u00ebn virtuale. T\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kod:<\/p>\n
\/\/\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435\nvoid setup() {\n  sys_Nanonyam();\/\/\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\n  g_SetScreenSize(400,200);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 400\u0445200 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\n  sys_WindowSetText(\"Example\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\n  g_ConfigExternalFont(0,60,1,0,0,0,\"Arial\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 Windows \u0432 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0\n  g_SetExternalFont(0);\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\n  g_SetBackRGB(0,0,255);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439\n  g_SetTextRGB(255,255,0);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0451\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0439\n  g_ClearAll();\/\/\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d (\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430)\n  g_DrawTextCenterX(0,400,70,\"Hello, Habr!\");\/\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\n  g_Update();\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\n}\n\n\/\/\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0451\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b\nvoid loop() {\n  sys_Delay(100);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSkica me k\u00ebt\u00eb programin mund t\u00eb shkarkohet k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebrshkrimi i detajuar i funksioneve mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb faqen<\/a><\/noindex>. Shpresoj se komentet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kod jan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar thelbin. K\u00ebtu funksioni sys_Nanonyam()<\/b> luan rolin e 'fjal\u00ebkalimit' p\u00ebr makin\u00ebn virtuale, e cila heq kufizimet mbi funksionet virtuale. Pa k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion, programi do t\u00eb mbyllet pas 3 sekondave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Shtypim butonin 'Kontrollo' dhe nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb gabim.<\/p>\n
\"Si
\n
\nTani duhet t\u00eb marrim skedarin binar (firmware). Zgjedhim menun\u00eb «Skic\u00eb>> Eksporto skedarin binar (CTRL+ALT+S)<\/i>«.<\/p>\n
\"Si
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, n\u00eb dosjen me skic\u00ebn do t\u00eb kopjohen dy skedar\u00eb HEX. Ne marrim vet\u00ebm skedarin pa parafjal\u00ebn 'with_bootloader.mega'.<\/b><\/p>\n
Ka disa m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar skedarin HEX n\u00eb makin\u00ebn virtuale Nanonyam, t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faqe<\/a><\/noindex>. Un\u00eb propozoj t\u00eb krijoj p\u00ebrkrah skedarit Nanonyam.exe<\/i> skedari Nanonyam.path<\/i>, ku t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e plot\u00eb deri te skedari yn\u00eb HEX. Pas k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb nisim Nanonyam.exe<\/i>. Marrim nj\u00eb dritare me mbishkrimin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\"Si
\n
\nPo ashtu mund t\u00eb krijoni programe n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb tjera, si n\u00eb AVR Studio ose WinAVR.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb ndalojm\u00eb njohjen me Nanonyam p\u00ebr tani. Ideja kryesore duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb. Ka edhe shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb faqen<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mjaft k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt, do t\u00eb b\u00ebj m\u00eb shum\u00eb shembuj dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj 't\u00eb mbush' bibliotekat e funksioneve virtuale. Pranojm\u00eb ide konkrete p\u00ebr zhvillimin e projektit dhe raportime p\u00ebr defekte, gabime dhe t\u00eb metat. Preferohet q\u00eb ato t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb kontaktet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara n\u00eb faqen<\/a><\/noindex>. Diskutimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00ebpritur n\u00eb komente.<\/p>\n
Falenderohet t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen dhe urime p\u00ebr programim t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm!
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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