server\u00ebsh<\/a> Nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e till\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, dhe blockchain-i duhet t\u00eb niset me p\u00ebrpjekjet e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve q\u00eb jan\u00eb besnik\u00eb, por t\u00eb pavarur. N\u00ebse, n\u00eb nj\u00eb korporat\u00eb, gjat\u00eb nisjes administrator\u00ebt kan\u00eb qasje t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha makinat, log-et, monitorimin e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, at\u00ebher\u00eb validuesit nuk lejojn\u00eb ask\u00ebnd t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb server\u00ebt e tyre dhe, me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb, do t\u00eb preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur, sepse ajo kontrollon qasjen n\u00eb aktivat kryesore t\u00eb validuesit - stake-t e votuesve. Kjo sjellje \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb lejon nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb sigurta dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara - pavar\u00ebsia e ofruesve t\u00eb cloud, server\u00ebve virtual\u00eb dhe \"baremetal\", sistemeve t\u00eb ndryshme operative, e gjitha kjo e b\u00ebn sulmet ndaj nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb till\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb pamundura - shum\u00eb softuer t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoret. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Ethereum p\u00ebrdoren dy implementime kryesore t\u00eb nodit, n\u00eb Go dhe n\u00eb Rust, dhe nj\u00eb sulm efektiv p\u00ebr nj\u00eb implementim nuk funksionon p\u00ebr tjetrin.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Prandaj, t\u00eb gjitha proceset p\u00ebr nisjen dhe funksionimin e bllokverjeve duhet t\u00eb organizohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do validues, ose madje edhe nj\u00eb grup i vog\u00ebl validuesish, mund t\u00eb hidhnin kompjuter\u00ebt e tyre nga dritarja n\u00eb \u00e7do moment dhe t\u00eb largoheshin, pa asnj\u00eb problem, dhe validuesit e mbetur duhet t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin efektivisht funksionimin e rrjetit dhe t\u00eb lidhin validues t\u00eb rinj. Gjat\u00eb nisjes s\u00eb rrjetit, kur nj\u00eb validues ndodhet n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, tjetri n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut dhe treti n\u00eb Azi, arrijm\u00eb nj\u00eb funksionim t\u00eb koordinuar t\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra grupeve t\u00eb pavarura dhe t\u00eb angazhojm\u00eb ato n\u00eb rezultate \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. <\/p>\n
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Validuesit<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb nisjen e nj\u00eb bllokverzi hipotezike moderne (nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e p\u00ebrshkruar k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr bllokverz\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb \u00e7do familje moderne bllokverzash: Ethereum, EOS, Polkadot, Cosmos dhe t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat parashihet konsensusi proof-of-stake. Aktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre bllokverzave jan\u00eb ekipet-validues, t\u00eb cilat merren me vendosjen e serverave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb pavarur, q\u00eb validojn\u00eb dhe prodhojn\u00eb blloket e reja dhe marrin shp\u00ebrblime t\u00eb parashikuara nga rrjeti p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb konsensus. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur rrjete t\u00eb reja nevojiten disa dhjet\u00ebra validuesish (aq sa mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb m\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak efektivisht konsensusin brenda disa sekondave), prandaj projekti shpall regjistrimin, ku validuesit ndajn\u00eb informacionin publik rreth vetes me p\u00ebrdoruesit, duke i bindur ata se planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim cil\u00ebsor p\u00ebr rrjetin q\u00eb po nis.<\/p>\n
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Validueshm\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb biznesi q\u00eb lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet me sakt\u00ebsi potenciali i t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb nj\u00eb validuesi, t\u00eb transferohet shpejt fuqia midis projekteve, dhe n\u00eb rastin e suksesit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb zgjedhur, nj\u00eb validues mund t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb projektin si nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs i plote n\u00eb DAO dhe si nj\u00eb person p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs, ose thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim teknik t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr para t\u00eb fituara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimeve p\u00ebr validuesit, projektet p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb marrin parasysh shpenzimet e validuesve dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimin p\u00ebr blloqet n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ky biznes t\u00eb jet\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb mos i lejoj\u00eb validuesit t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb duke i mbushur ata me para dhe duke privuar p\u00ebrdoruesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n
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P\u00ebrfundimet e biznesit t\u00eb validuesve k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ofrimin e nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrie t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb - nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjeje t\u00eb zhvilluesve dhe devops\u00ebve, si dhe burime kompjuterike q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb lira. Edhe pa nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb minuar hash n\u00eb rrjetet proof-of-work, nj\u00eb nod\u00eb blockchain \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim i madh q\u00eb z\u00eb shum\u00eb memorie, konsumon shum\u00eb energji kompjuterike, valide, regjistron n\u00eb disk dhe p\u00ebrcjell n\u00eb rrjet volume t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. P\u00ebr ruajtjen e logut t\u00eb transaksioneve dhe zinxhir\u00ebve t\u00eb bllok\u00ebve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb blockchain me disa mij\u00ebra transaksione t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb bllok, aktualisht k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb storage prej 50 Gb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr bllok\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb SSD. Baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb shtetet t\u00eb blockchain-eve q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin kontratat inteligjente tashm\u00eb mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb 64Gb memorie t\u00eb rastit. Server\u00ebt me karakteristika t\u00eb nevojshme jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb, nj\u00eb nod\u00eb Ethereum ose EOS mund t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb nga 100 deri n\u00eb 200 $\/muaj. Shtoni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pages\u00ebn e rritur p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e zhvilluesve dhe devops\u00ebve q\u00eb, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb nisjes, zgjidhin problemet edhe nat\u00ebn, pasi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e validuesve mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb momente t\u00eb favorshme, posedimi i nj\u00eb nod\u00eb validuesi mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb konsiderueshme (n\u00eb rastin e EOS - deri n\u00eb 10,000$ n\u00eb dit\u00eb).<\/p>\n
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Validimi \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nga rolet e reja potenciale t\u00eb IT p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit dhe kompanit\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa programuesit po shpikim algoritme gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb sofistikuara, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb \u00e7mime nderi dhe duke nd\u00ebshkuar mashtrimet dhe vjedhjet. Sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb funksionin e publikimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme (orakuj) po shfaqen, sh\u00ebrbime mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebse (shkurtime depozitash dhe nd\u00ebshkimi i mashtruesve p\u00ebrmes publikimit t\u00eb provave t\u00eb mashtrimit), sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve, sigurimeve dhe opsioneve, madje edhe mbledhja e mbeturinave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb treg potencialisht i madh n\u00eb sistemet e kontratave inteligjente, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb paguhet p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. <\/p>\n
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Problemet e nisjes s\u00eb blockchain<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Hap\u00ebsira e hapur e blockchain-it, e cila b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur pjes\u00ebmarrjen e lir\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e rrjetit t\u00eb kompjuterave nga \u00e7do vend dhe thjesht\u00ebsia e lidhjes n\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr \u00e7do script kiddie sipas udh\u00ebzimeve n\u00eb GitHub, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb avantazh. Nxitja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb token t\u00eb ri shpesh i detyron validuesit \"t\u00eb minojn\u00eb nj\u00eb monedh\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb start\", me shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr rritjen e \u00e7mimit dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr ta hequr shpejt at\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb fituar. Gjithashtu, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se validuesi juaj mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb kushdo, madje edhe anonim; p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund t\u00eb votohet ashtu si p\u00ebr validuesit e tjer\u00eb (ndon\u00ebse, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb anonim do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb votat e aksionar\u00ebve, prandaj l\u00ebm\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb historit\u00eb e frikshme p\u00ebr kriptovalutat anonime). Megjithat\u00eb<\/p>\n
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Ekipi i projektit ka nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb \u2014 ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e tij ata, q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen mund t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb funksionimin e stabil t\u00eb nodave, t\u00eb njohin sigurin\u00eb, t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjidhin shpejt problemet, t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb me validues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku \u2014 nga k\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi varet n\u00eb plotni cil\u00ebsia e atij token-i, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e rrjetit kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb investojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn dhe burimet e tyre. Fondator\u00ebt e arsyesh\u00ebm, duke vler\u00ebsuar rrezikun, e kuptojn\u00eb mir\u00eb se gjat\u00eb lansimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb programi t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb madh, patjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me gabime n\u00eb kod, konfigurimin e nodave, dhe se stabiliteti i rrjetit varet nga sa mir\u00eb zhvilluesit dhe validuesit do t\u00eb zgjidhin k\u00ebto probleme s\u00eb bashku.<\/p>\n
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Ekipi \u00ebsht\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb votoj\u00eb n\u00eb mainnet p\u00ebr \u00e7do validues; por do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb t\u00eb dinit se p\u00ebr k\u00eb, cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb? Atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb portofolin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh? Tani p\u00ebr tani pothuajse askush nuk e ka at\u00eb. Nga profiles n\u00eb ekip n\u00eb Linkedin? DevOps t\u00eb p\u00ebrvojsh\u00ebm ose ekspert\u00eb n\u00eb siguri nuk do t'ju japin asnj\u00eb profil n\u00eb Linkedin. Nga deklaratat n\u00eb bised\u00eb, postime dhe ndihm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgatitjes? E mira, por subjektive dhe e pasakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte mbetet nj\u00eb gj\u00eb \u2014 ajo q\u00eb zgjidh problemet e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve \u2014 nj\u00eb loj\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb zgjidhen validuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha \u2014 t\u00eb kontrollohet q\u00eb blockchain-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i fort\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kryhet nj\u00eb test i plot\u00eb operacional i blockchain-it n\u00eb kushte aktive p\u00ebrdorimi, ndryshimeve n\u00eb konsensus, shfaqjes dhe rregullimit t\u00eb gabimeve. Kjo procedur\u00eb u paraqit p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb si nj\u00eb loj\u00eb nga ekipi i projektit Cosmos, dhe kjo ide pa dyshim \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur rrjetin p\u00ebr lan\u00e7imin e nj\u00eb mainnet-i t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
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Loj\u00eb e Validuesve<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj loj\u00ebn e validator\u00ebve ashtu si\u00e7 e kemi projektuar at\u00eb p\u00ebr blockchain DAO.Casino (DAOBet) bazuar n\u00eb forkun EOS, i quajtur Haya, i cili ka nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm qeveris\u00ebs \u2014 validator\u00ebt zgjidhen me vota nga \u00e7do llogari, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e bilancit q\u00eb votohet p\u00ebr validatorin ngritet. \u00c7do llogari q\u00eb ka n\u00eb bilancin e saj monedh\u00ebn kryesore BET mund t\u00eb votoj\u00eb p\u00ebr validatorin e zgjedhur me \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bilancit t\u00eb saj. Votat mblidhen dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nj\u00eb list\u00eb e validator\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb. N\u00eb blockchain t\u00eb ndryshme, ky proces \u00ebsht\u00eb organizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe zakonisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb nj\u00eb blockchain i ri ndryshon nga prindi, dhe, duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, EOS plot\u00ebsisht justifikon \u201cOS\u201d n\u00eb emrin e tij, ne n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorim EOS si sistemin operativ baz\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb version t\u00eb modifikuar t\u00eb blockchain-it p\u00ebr detyrat e DAOBet.<\/p>\n
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Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj probleme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta dhe si mund t\u00eb zgjidhen ato brenda loj\u00ebs. T\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin serveri yt mund t\u00eb sulmohet hapur, ku p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur pozicionin e validatorit duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprosh vazhdimisht me rrjetin, duke promovuar validatorin t\u00ebnd dhe duke ndjekur q\u00eb ai t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb blloqe dhe ato t\u00eb \u00e7ohen n\u00eb koh\u00eb te validator\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb, ndryshe, validatori do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet nga lista.<\/p>\n
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Si t\u00eb zgjidhni fituesit kryesor\u00eb?<\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
K\u00ebrkesa kryesore teknike p\u00ebr loj\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb rezultatet e saj t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb verifikueshme publikisht. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se rezultatet e loj\u00ebs: TOP fituesit, duhet t\u00eb formohen strikt mbi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb \u00e7do pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs mund t'i verifikoj\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb centralizuar, ne mund t\u00eb masim \u201cuptime\u201d-in e \u00e7do validatori dhe t'i shp\u00ebrblejm\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb online ose kan\u00eb kaluar maksimumin e trafikut rrjetor. Mund t\u00eb mbledhim t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi ngarkes\u00ebn e procesorit, memories dhe t'i shp\u00ebrblejm\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar me dinjitet. Por \u00e7do mbledhje e till\u00eb e metrikave n\u00ebnkupton ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb qendre mbledhjeje, dhe nodet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura dhe mund t\u00eb sjellin veten si\u00e7 d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb \u00e7do t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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Prandaj, zgjidhja m\u00eb e natyrshme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb fituesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e blockchain-it, pasi prej tij mund t\u00eb shohim se cili nga validuesit ka prodhuar cilin bllok dhe cilat transaksione jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb atje. Ne e quajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb numrin e Pikave t\u00eb Validuesve (VP), dhe fitimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb objekti kryesor i validuesve n\u00eb loj\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, metrika m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, e verifikueshme publikisht dhe efikase e 'p\u00ebrdorshm\u00ebris\u00eb' s\u00eb nj\u00eb validuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb VP = numri_i_blloqeve_t\u00eb_produkuara_nga_validuesi n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kohore.<\/p>\n
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Ky p\u00ebrzgjedhje e thjesht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme sepse qeverisja n\u00eb EOS tashm\u00eb parashikon shum\u00eb nga problemet q\u00eb shfaqen, p\u00ebr shkak se EOS \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsi i tre brezave t\u00eb blockchain-eve q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb realisht me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb menaxhimin kompleks t\u00eb rrjetit, dhe pothuajse \u00e7do problem i validuesit me rrjetin, procesorin, disqin \u00e7on vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb problem \u2014 ai n\u00ebnshkruan m\u00eb pak blloqe, merr nj\u00eb pages\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tij, \u00e7ka na \u00e7on p\u00ebrs\u00ebri thjesht n\u00eb numrin e blloqeve t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara \u2014 p\u00ebr EOS, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e shk\u00eblqyer dhe e thjesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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N\u00eb blockchain-e t\u00eb tjera, m\u00ebnyra e llogaritjes s\u00eb Pikave t\u00eb Validuesve mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebr konsensuset e bazuara n\u00eb pBFT (Tendermint\/Cosmos, konsensusi Aura nga Parity Substrate), ku \u00e7do bllok duhet t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruhet nga shum\u00eb validues, ka kuptim t\u00eb num\u00ebrohen n\u00ebnshkrimet e ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb validuesve, dhe ndoshta ka kuptim t\u00eb merret n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb raundet e pa p\u00ebrfunduar t\u00eb konsensusit, t\u00eb cilat shpenzojn\u00eb resurset e validuesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka varet shum\u00eb nga lloji i konsensusit. <\/p>\n
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Si t\u00eb modelojm\u00eb kushtet reale t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit<\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
Detyra e themeluesve \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb validator\u00ebt n\u00ebn kushte q\u00eb i ngjajn\u00eb realitetit, pa pasur kontroll t\u00eb centralizuar. Ky problem mund t\u00eb zgjidhet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kontrate faucet, e cila shp\u00ebrndan sasi t\u00eb barabarta t\u00eb tokenit kryesor p\u00ebr validator\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb interesuarit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb tokenet n\u00eb bilancin e saj, nevojitet t\u00eb formohet nj\u00eb transaksion dhe t\u00eb arrihet q\u00eb rrjeti ta p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb bllok. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb validator q\u00eb t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb rifreskoni vazhdimisht bilancin e tij me tokena t\u00eb rinj dhe t\u00eb votoj\u00eb p\u00ebr veten, duke e promovuar veten n\u00eb maj\u00eb. Kjo aktivitet krijon nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb rrjet, dhe parametrat mund t\u00eb rregullohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb fluksi i k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb test t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. Prandaj, planifikoni kontrat\u00ebn faucet paraprakisht, si nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr lan\u00e7imin e rrjetit dhe filloni t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni parametrat e saj p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb filloni.<\/p>\n
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K\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr tokena nga faucet dhe votimi i validator\u00ebve megjithat\u00eb nuk e imiton plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndershme funksionimin e B\u00c7, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat ekstremisht t\u00eb ngarkuara. Prandaj, ekipi i bllok\u00ebve do t\u00eb duhet, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb benchmark t\u00eb shtuar, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb ngarkimin e rrjetit. Nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb e luajn\u00eb kontratat inteligjente t\u00eb krijuara paraprakisht, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb testimin e nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr testimin e ruajtjes, kontrata ruan t\u00eb dh\u00ebna rast\u00ebsore n\u00eb bllok\u00e7in, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar burimet e rrjetit, kontrata testuese k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash hyr\u00ebse, duke fryr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu volumin e transaksioneve \u2014 duke nisur nj\u00eb fluks t\u00eb till\u00eb transaksionesh n\u00eb momente t\u00eb rastit, ekipi n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb teston stabilitetin e kodit dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e validator\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
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Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i kodit t\u00eb nodave dhe krijimi i hardforqeve. Nevojitet q\u00eb, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb shfaqjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb problemi, nj\u00eb dobie, ose nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje t\u00eb ligjshme midis validuesve, validuesit t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb plan veprimi, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb testi n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e validuesve. K\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr skema shp\u00ebrblimi VP p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb hardforqeve, p.sh. duke nd\u00ebshkuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb validuesit q\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar versionin e ri t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb nod\u00ebs, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u realizuar, e komplikon llogaritjen. Simulimi i nj\u00eb situate emergjente t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb hardforqeve mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet duke<\/p>\n
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Megjith\u00ebse ka mosbesim midis validuesve, marrja n\u00eb koh\u00eb e informacionit t\u00eb sakt\u00eb mbi gjendjen e rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendime m\u00eb shpejt, prandaj ekipi i projektit ngre sh\u00ebrbimin p\u00ebr mbledhjen dhe vizualizimin e shum\u00eb metrike nga server\u00ebt e validuesve, i cili lejon t\u00eb shohim situat\u00ebn nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin, duke lejuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb shpejt se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr validuesit dhe projektin q\u00eb ekipi i projektit t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb shpejt gabimet e gjetura, prandaj, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mbledhjes s\u00eb metrikeve, ka kuptim t\u00eb nisni menj\u00ebher\u00eb mbledhjen e skedar\u00ebve log dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi gabimet nga makinat e validuesve n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e aksesueshme p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e blockchain-it. K\u00ebtu askush nuk ka interes t\u00eb deformoj\u00eb informacionin, prandaj k\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime ngrihen nga ekipi i projektit dhe mund t\u00eb besohen. Ka kuptim t\u00eb mbledhim metrikat sistemike nga validuesit dhe, patjet\u00ebr, metrikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb vet\u00eb blockchain-it \u2014 p\u00ebr DAOBet \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb koha e p\u00ebrfundimit dhe vonesa e bllokut t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb finalizuar. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ekipi sheh rritjen e konsumit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb nodat kur nis bencmarkun, problemet e disa validuesve <\/p>\n
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\u00c7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mbi zhvillimin e loj\u00ebs s\u00eb validuesve<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Si duket, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi q\u00eb t\u00eb autorizoni zyrtarisht validuesit t\u00eb sulmojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jozyrtare ata tashm\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb) - duhet ta formuloni k\u00ebt\u00eb ndarazi si testim t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, sepse sipas ligjeve t\u00eb disa vendeve, sulmet DDoS ose sulmet n\u00eb rrjet mund t\u00eb sjellin nd\u00ebshkime. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se si t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblehen validuesit. Ndihmat natyrale jan\u00eb tokenat e projektit, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb transferohen n\u00eb mainnet, por shp\u00ebrndarja masive e tokenave p\u00ebr \u00e7do person q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nis\u00eb nj\u00eb nod\u00eb - gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e mir\u00eb. Shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb, do t'ju duhet t\u00eb balanconi mes dy ekstremesh:<\/p>\n
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T\u00eb shp\u00ebrndani t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fondin e shp\u00ebrblimit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me VP t\u00eb fituara
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T\u00eb shp\u00ebrndani fondin e shp\u00ebrblimit top-N validuesve sipas rezultateve t\u00eb loj\u00ebs
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Cili variant t\u00eb preferoni - \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb duar tuaja <\/p>\n
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Ka edhe nj\u00eb moment tjet\u00ebr - nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak fakt se dhjet\u00ebra validues do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb loj\u00eb sipas thirrjes tuaj, dhe nga ata q\u00eb vendosin t\u00eb provojn\u00eb, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb madje do t\u00eb instalojn\u00eb dhe nisin nj\u00eb nod\u00eb - zakonisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb dokumentacioni i projekteve \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i varf\u00ebr, hasen gabime, dhe zhvilluesit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb ngjeshur nuk p\u00ebrgjigjen shum\u00eb shpejt n\u00eb pyetje. Prandaj, para nisjes s\u00eb loj\u00ebs duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb parashikohen veprimet n\u00ebse numri i duhur i validuesve nuk arrin. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb loj\u00ebs, validuesit e munguar nisen nga ekipi i projektit, marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb konsensus, por nuk mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb fitues.<\/p>\n
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P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, kam p\u00ebrpiquar t\u00eb mbledh nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb, realizojm\u00eb dhe nisnim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zhvillim efektiv t\u00eb loj\u00ebs s\u00eb validuesve<\/p>\n
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\u00c7far\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb loj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb validuesish:
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\nt\u00eb krijoni dhe ngrini nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe web dhe t\u00eb ofroni CLI p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr validuesit<\/li>\n t\u00eb b\u00ebni q\u00eb metrikat nga nodi i verifikuesit t\u00eb nisur t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb centralizuar (p.sh. Prometheus)<\/li>\n ngritni serverin e mbledhjes s\u00eb metrikave (Prometheus + Grafana) p\u00ebr loj\u00ebn e verifikuesve<\/li>\n t\u00eb mendoni se si do t\u00eb llogariten Pikat e Verifikuesve (VP)<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvilloni nj\u00eb skript publik q\u00eb llogarit VP-n\u00eb e verifikuesit n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga blockchain<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvilloni nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe web p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur top-in e verifikuesve, dhe gjendjen e loj\u00ebs s\u00eb verifikuesve (sa koh\u00eb ka mbetur deri n\u00eb fund, kush ka sa VP dhe tjer\u00eb)<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvilloni dhe automatizoni nisjen e nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb pakufizuar nodash t\u00eb veta, t\u00eb projektone procesin e lidhjes s\u00eb verifikuesve me loj\u00ebn (kur dhe si t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizojn\u00eb nodat e veta, t\u00eb japin dhe t\u00eb heqin votat p\u00ebr to)<\/li>\n t\u00eb llogaritet se sa duhet t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen token-\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb-faucet<\/li>\n t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb skript benchmark (transferime token-s, p\u00ebrdorim masiv t\u00eb storage, p\u00ebrdorim masiv t\u00eb rrjetit) <\/li>\n t\u00eb mblidhen t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb nj\u00eb chat p\u00ebr komunikim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb<\/li>\n t\u00eb nisin blockchain-in pak m\u00eb her\u00ebt se fillimi i loj\u00ebs<\/li>\n t\u00eb presin bllokun fillestar, t\u00eb nisin loj\u00ebn<\/li>\n t\u00eb testojn\u00eb rrjetin me disa lloje transaksionesh<\/li>\n t\u00eb realizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb hard fork<\/li>\n t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb list\u00ebn e verifikuesve<\/li>\n t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebrisin p.13,14,15 n\u00eb rend t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, duke mb\u00ebshtetur stabilitetin e rrjetit<\/li>\n t\u00eb presin bllokun p\u00ebrfundimtar, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb loj\u00ebn, t\u00eb llogarisin VP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\n
Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se lojmari i verifikuesve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori e re, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar vet\u00ebm disa her\u00eb, prandaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme ta perceptoni k\u00ebt\u00eb tekst si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb analogji n\u00eb biznesin modern t\u00eb IT - imagjinoni se bankat para nisjes s\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb pagesave konkurrojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, kush do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i miri n\u00eb realizimin e transaksioneve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve. Qasjet tradicionale ndoshta nuk do t'ju ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni rrjeta t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb decentralizuara, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb m\u00ebsoni modele t\u00eb reja biznesi, organizoni loj\u00ebrat tuaja, p\u00ebrcaktoni ata q\u00eb meritojn\u00eb, shp\u00ebrbleni ata dhe lejoni q\u00eb sistemet tuaja t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsi dhe stabilitet.<\/p>\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 alpha-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c testnet, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 mainnet. \u0423 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 governance \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435. \u0412 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0432\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c genesis block, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t