server\u00ebve<\/a> nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e komplikuar, blockchain duhet t\u00eb niset nga p\u00ebrpjekjet e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm, por t\u00eb pavarur. Dhe, n\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani, gjat\u00eb fillimit adminstrator\u00ebt kan\u00eb qasje t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha makinat, log-et, dhe monitorimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, validuesit nuk do t\u00eb lejojn\u00eb ask\u00ebnd t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb serverat e tyre dhe, shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi, do t\u00eb preferonin t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonin infrastruktur\u00ebn e tyre vet\u00eb, sepse ajo kontrollon aksesin n\u00eb asetet kryesore t\u00eb validuesit \u2014 stake-t e votuesve. Kjo sjellje lejon nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb sigurta t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara \u2014 pavar\u00ebsia e ofruesve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb cloud, server\u00ebve virtual\u00eb dhe 'bare metal', sistemet operative t\u00eb ndryshme, e gjith\u00eb kjo e b\u00ebn sulmin ndaj nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb till\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb pasuksessh\u00ebm \u2014 ka shum\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme software-i q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Ethereum, ka dy implementime kryesore t\u00eb nodit, nj\u00eb n\u00eb Go dhe nj\u00eb n\u00eb Rust, dhe nj\u00eb sulm, i efektsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb implementim, nuk funksionon p\u00ebr tjetrin.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Prandaj, t\u00eb gjitha proceset e nisjes dhe funksionimit t\u00eb blok\u00e7ain\u00ebve duhet t\u00eb organizohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do validues, ose madje nj\u00eb grup i vog\u00ebl validuesish, t\u00eb mund ta heqin kompjuterin e tyre n\u00eb \u00e7do moment, dhe t\u00eb largohen, pa prishur asgj\u00eb dhe validuesit e mbetur duhet t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin efektivisht funksionimin e rrjetit dhe t\u00eb lidhin validues t\u00eb rinj. Gjat\u00eb nisjes s\u00eb rrjetit, kur nj\u00eb validues \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, tjetri n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut, dhe i treti n\u00eb Azi, arritja e nj\u00eb funksionimi t\u00eb koordinuar t\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra grupeve t\u00eb pavarura dhe t\u00eb angazhuar p\u00ebr rezultatin \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. <\/p>\n
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Validuesit<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb nisjen e nj\u00eb blockchain-i modern hipotekar (shumica e p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr i p\u00ebrshtatet blockchain-eve t\u00eb \u00e7do familjeje moderne si Ethereum, EOS, Polkadot, Cosmos dhe t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb konsensusin proof-of-stake. Aktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre blockchain-eve jan\u00eb ekipet e validuesve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po instalojn\u00eb server\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur dhe q\u00eb validojn\u00eb e prodhojn\u00eb blloqe t\u00eb reja, duke marr\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimet e parashikuara nga rrjeti p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb konsensus. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur rrjete t\u00eb reja nevojiten disa dhjet\u00ebra validues, (aq sa aktualisht mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb m\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak efektivisht konsensusin brenda disa sekondash), ndaj projekti shpall regjistrimin, ku validuesit ndajn\u00eb informacion t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr veten me p\u00ebrdoruesit, duke i bindur ata se kan\u00eb p\u00ebr intention t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim cil\u00ebsor p\u00ebr rrjetin q\u00eb po niset.<\/p>\n
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Validimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb biznes q\u00eb lejon vler\u00ebsimin jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave potenciale t\u00eb nj\u00eb validatori, si dhe transferimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve midis projekteve. N\u00eb rast se rrjeti i zgjedhur ka sukses, validatori mund t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs i plot\u00eb n\u00eb DAO dhe t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb projektin si nj\u00eb person p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs, ose thjesht t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim teknik t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr para t\u00eb fituara plot\u00ebsisht transparenc\u00eb. Kur llogaritet shp\u00ebrblimi p\u00ebr validator\u00ebt, projektet p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb marrin parasysh shpenzimet e validator\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimin p\u00ebr blloqet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ky biznes t\u00eb jet\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs, por pa lejuar q\u00eb validatoret t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb duke i mbushur ata me para dhe duke privuar p\u00ebrdoruesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n
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Biznesi i validator\u00ebve k\u00ebrkon sigurimin e nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrie t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, \u00e7ka n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjeje p\u00ebr profesionist\u00ebt e DevOps dhe zhvilluesit, si dhe burime kompjuterike jo t\u00eb lira. Edhe pa nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb minuar hash-e n\u00eb rrjete me proof-of-work, nj\u00eb nod blockchain \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim i madh q\u00eb z\u00eb shum\u00eb memorie, konsumon shum\u00eb llogaritje, validon, regjistron n\u00eb disk dhe transmeton n\u00eb rrjet sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur log-un e transaksioneve dhe zinxhir\u00ebt e bllokave p\u00ebr nj\u00eb blockchain me disa mij\u00ebra transaksione t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb bllok, tani k\u00ebrkohet ruajtje prej mbi 50 Gb, dhe p\u00ebr blloqe duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb SSD. Databaza shtet\u00ebrore e blockchain-eve me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrata inteligjente mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb tashm\u00eb 64Gb RAM. Server\u00ebt me karakteristikat e k\u00ebrkuara jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb; nj\u00eb nod Ethereum ose EOS mund t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb nga 100 deri n\u00eb 200 $\/muaj. Shtoni k\u00ebsaj pagat e rritura p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e zhvilluesve dhe DevOps-it n\u00eb gatishm\u00ebri 24 or\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjat\u00eb lan\u00e7imit zgjidhin probleme edhe nat\u00ebn, pasi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e validator\u00ebve mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb momente t\u00eb favorshme, posedimi i nj\u00eb nodi-validatori mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb fitime t\u00eb konsiderueshme (n\u00eb rastin e EOS, deri n\u00eb 10 000$ n\u00eb dit\u00eb).<\/p>\n
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Vler\u00ebsimi \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nga rolet e reja t\u00eb mundshme IT p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit dhe kompanit\u00eb. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, programuesit po krijojn\u00eb algoritmo m\u00eb komplekse q\u00eb shp\u00ebrblejn\u00eb ndershm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebshkojn\u00eb mashtrimin dhe vjedhjen. K\u00ebshtu, po shfaqen sh\u00ebrbime q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb funksione si publikimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme (orakuj), q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrin (shkurtimi i depozitave dhe nd\u00ebshkimi i mashtruesve p\u00ebrmes publikimit t\u00eb provave t\u00eb mashtrimit), sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb zgjidhjes s\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve, sigurimeve dhe opsioneve. Edhe mbledhja e mbetjeve paraqet nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb madh potencial n\u00eb sistemet e kontratave t\u00eb men\u00e7ura, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb paguhet p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. <\/p>\n
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Problemet e lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb blockchain<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Transparenca e blockchain-it, e cila ka mund\u00ebsuar pjes\u00ebmarrjen e lir\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e rrjetit t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve nga \u00e7do vend dhe thjesht\u00ebsia e lidhjes n\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr \u00e7do script kiddie sipas udh\u00ebzimeve n\u00eb GitHub nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb avantazh. Nxitja p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb token t\u00eb ri shpesh i detyron validuesit \"t\u00eb minojn\u00eb nj\u00eb monedh\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb fillim\", duke shpresuar n\u00eb rritjen e \u00e7mimit dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shitur shpejt at\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb fituar. Gjithashtu, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se validuesi juaj mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb kushdo, madje dhe anonim, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund t\u00eb votohet ashtu si p\u00ebr validuesit e tjer\u00eb (sigurisht, anonomi do t\u00eb ket\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb votat e aksionar\u00ebve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb legjendat frik\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr kriptovalutat anonime do t'i l\u00ebm\u00eb politik\u00ebve). Megjithat\u00eb<\/p>\n
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Ekipa e projektit ka nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb - t\u00eb gjej\u00eb n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ata q\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb funksionimin e stabilizuar t\u00eb nodeve, t\u00eb ken\u00eb njohuri mbi sigurin\u00eb, t\u00eb zgjidhin shpejt problemet, t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb me validues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku - sepse k\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi ndjesh\u00ebm ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e atij tokeni n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb investojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn dhe burimet e tyre pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e rrjetit. Fondator\u00ebt e arsyesh\u00ebm, duke e vler\u00ebsuar rrezikun, e kuptojn\u00eb mir\u00eb se, kur lan\u00e7ojn\u00eb nj\u00eb softuer t\u00eb till\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me gabime n\u00eb kod, n\u00eb konfigurimin e nod\u00ebve, dhe se stabiliteti i rrjetit varet nga sa mir\u00eb zhvilluesit dhe validuesit do t\u00eb zgjidhin k\u00ebto probleme s\u00eb bashku.<\/p>\n
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Ekipa \u00ebsht\u00eb e gatshme t\u00eb votoj\u00eb n\u00eb mainnet p\u00ebr cilindo validues, por do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironim t\u00eb dinim se p\u00ebr k\u00eb, kush \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00eb? Me portofolin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh? Momentalisht pothuajse askush nuk e ka at\u00eb. N\u00eb profilin e ekipet n\u00eb Linkedin? DevOps t\u00eb p\u00ebrvojsh\u00ebm ose ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb nuk do t\u2019ju ofrojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb profil n\u00eb Linkedin. Nga deklaratat n\u00eb chat, postimet dhe ndihm\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgatitjes? E mira, por \u00ebsht\u00eb subjektive dhe e pasakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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N\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, mbetet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb gj\u00eb \u2014 ajo q\u00eb zgjidh problemet e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve \u2014 nj\u00eb loj\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhni validator\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha \u2014 t\u00eb testoni q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e blockchain-it dhe t\u00eb kryeni nj\u00eb prov\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb kushte aktive t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit, ndryshimeve n\u00eb konsensus, shfaqjes dhe korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve. K\u00ebt\u00eb procedur\u00eb e paraqit\u00ebn p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb si nj\u00eb loj\u00eb djemt\u00eb e projektit Cosmos, dhe kjo ide padyshim q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur rrjetin p\u00ebr fillimin e nj\u00eb mainnet t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
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Loj\u00eb e Validator\u00ebve<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj loj\u00ebn e validator\u00ebve ashtu si\u00e7 e kemi projektuar p\u00ebr blockchain-in DAO.Casino (DAOBet) mbi nj\u00eb fork t\u00eb EOS-it, i quajtur Haya, i cili ka nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm qeveris\u00ebs \u2014 validator\u00ebt zgjidhen me vota nga \u00e7do llogari, ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e bilancit q\u00eb votohet p\u00ebr validatorin mbetet e ngrir\u00eb. \u00c7do llogari q\u00eb ka n\u00eb bilancin e saj tokenin kryesor BET mund t\u00eb votoj\u00eb p\u00ebr validatorin e zgjedhur me \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb bilancit t\u00eb saj. Votat sh\u00ebnohen dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb rezultateve ndikohet renditja e validator\u00ebve. N\u00eb blockchain t\u00eb ndryshme, ky proces \u00ebsht\u00eb organizuar ndryshe, dhe zakonisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb blockchain-i i ri ndryshon nga prindi, dhe duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, EOS e justifikon plot\u00ebsisht \u201cOS\u201d n\u00eb emrin e tij, ne v\u00ebrtet p\u00ebrdorim EOS si nj\u00eb sistem operativ themelor p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb version t\u00eb modifikuar t\u00eb blockchain-it p\u00ebr nevojat e DAOBet.<\/p>\n
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Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj problemet e ve\u00e7anta dhe si mund t'i zgjidhim ato brenda loj\u00ebs. Le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, ku serveri yt mund t\u00eb sulmohet hapur, ku p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur pozitat e validuesit duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprosh vazhdimisht me rrjetin, promovoni validuesin tuaj dhe monitoroni q\u00eb ai t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb blloqe dhe ato t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb koh\u00eb tek validuesit e tjer\u00eb; p\u00ebrndryshe, validuesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet nga lista.<\/p>\n
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Si t\u00eb zgjidhni fituesit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb?<\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
K\u00ebrkesa kryesore teknike p\u00ebr loj\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb rezultatet e saj t\u00eb jen\u00eb publikisht t\u00eb verifikueshme. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se rezultatet e loj\u00ebs: fituesit TOP, duhet t\u00eb formohen strikt mbi baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb mund t'i verifikoj\u00eb \u00e7do pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb centralizuar ne do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb masnim 'uptime' e \u00e7do validuesi dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblenim ata q\u00eb ishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb online ose kaluan p\u00ebrmes maksimalit t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb rrjetit. Mund t\u00eb mblidhen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr ngarkes\u00ebn e procesorit, kujtes\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblejm\u00eb ata q\u00eb punuan mir\u00eb. Por \u00e7do mbledhje e till\u00eb metrikash do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb qendre mbledhjeje, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nodet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura dhe mund t\u00eb sillen si t\u00eb duan dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb \u00e7do lloj t\u00eb dh\u00ebne.<\/p>\n
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Prandaj, zgjidhja natyrale \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb fituesit duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e blockchain-it, pasi nga ai mund t\u00eb shihet se cili nga validuesit ka prodhuar cilin bllok dhe cilat transaksione jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb. Ne e em\u00ebrtuam k\u00ebt\u00eb num\u00ebr Pik\u00ebt e Validuesve (VP), dhe p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb objekti kryesor i validuesve n\u00eb loj\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, metrika m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, e cila mund t\u00eb verifikohet publikisht leht\u00eb dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr \u201cp\u00ebrdorshm\u00ebrin\u00eb\u201d e validuesit \u00ebsht\u00eb VP = numri i blloqeve t\u00eb prodhuara nga validuesi n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kohore.<\/p>\n
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Ky zgjedhje e thjesht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e bazuar n\u00eb faktin se qeverisja n\u00eb EOS tashm\u00eb parashikon shum\u00eb nga problemet q\u00eb lindin, pasi EOS \u00ebsht\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtar i tre brezave t\u00eb tash\u00ebm t\u00eb blockchain-eve q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb menaxhimin e komplikuar t\u00eb rrjetit, dhe, pothuajse \u00e7do problem q\u00eb ka validuesi me rrjetin, procesorin, apo diskun \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2014 ai n\u00ebnshkruan m\u00eb pak blloqe, merr m\u00eb pakPages\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb, \u00e7ka na rikthen s\u00ebrish n\u00eb numrin e blloqeve t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara \u2014 p\u00ebr EOS ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb variant i shk\u00eblqyer dhe i thjesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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N\u00eb blockchain t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, m\u00ebnyra e llogaritjes s\u00eb Pikave t\u00eb Validuesve mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr konsensuset e bazuara n\u00eb pBFT (Tendermint\/Cosmos, konsensusi Aura nga Parity Substrate), ku \u00e7do bllok duhet t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruhet nga shum\u00eb validues, ka kuptim t\u00eb llogariten n\u00ebnshkrime t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb validuesve, dhe jo blloqet. Ndoshta ka kuptim t\u00eb merret parasysh edhe raundet e pap\u00ebrfunduar t\u00eb konsensusit, t\u00eb cilat shpenzojn\u00eb burime t\u00eb validuesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb; n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, kjo varet shum\u00eb nga lloji i konsensusit. <\/p>\n
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Si t\u00eb modeloni kushte reale eksploatimi<\/h3>\n <\/p>\n
Detyra e themeluesve \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb validatoret n\u00eb kushte q\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtaten realitetit, nd\u00ebrsa nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb centralizuar. Ky problem mund t\u00eb zgjidhet me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate-faucet, e cila shp\u00ebrndan sasi t\u00eb barabarta t\u00eb tokenit kryesor p\u00ebr validatoret dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb tokenat n\u00eb bilanc, duhet t\u00eb formohet nj\u00eb transaksion dhe t\u00eb arrihet q\u00eb rrjeti ta p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, validatori duhet t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb vazhdimisht bilancin e tij me tokena t\u00eb rinj dhe t\u00eb votoj\u00eb p\u00ebr veten, duke u promovuar n\u00eb maj\u00eb. Kjo aktivitet krijon nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb rrjet, dhe parametrat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb fluksi i k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft serioz p\u00ebr nj\u00eb test t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. Prandaj, planifikoni kontrat\u00ebn-faucet paraprakisht, si nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr nisjen e rrjetit dhe filloni t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatni parametrat e saj paraprakisht.<\/p>\n
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K\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr tokene nga faucet dhe votimi i validatoreve nuk simulon plot\u00ebsisht funksionimin e B\u00c7, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb modet e ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb. Prandaj, ekipi i blockchain-it do t\u00eb duhet, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb benchmark t\u00eb shtuar q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb ngarkimin e rrjetit. Nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb e luajn\u00eb smart-kontratet e krijuara m\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb testimin e nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr testimin e storage, kontrata ruan t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb rastit n\u00eb blockchain, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr verifikimin e burimeve t\u00eb rrjetit, kontrata testuese k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash hyr\u00ebse, duke e rritur k\u00ebshtu volumin e transaksioneve \u2014 duke nisur nj\u00eb fluks t\u00eb till\u00eb transaksionesh n\u00eb momente t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, ekipi teston nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht stabilitetin e kodit dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e validatoreve.<\/p>\n
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Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i kodit t\u00eb node-ve dhe zhvillimi i hard fork-\u00ebve. Nevojitet q\u00eb, n\u00eb rast shfaqjeje t\u00eb nj\u00eb gabimi, vulnerabiliteti, ose nj\u00eb aleance t\u00eb keqe validator\u00ebsh, validator\u00ebt t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb plan veprimi, t\u00eb cilin e kan\u00eb provuar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb loj\u00eb. K\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb shpiken skema p\u00ebr dh\u00ebnien e VP p\u00ebr aplikimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb hard fork-ut, p\u00ebr shembull, duke d\u00ebnua t\u00eb gjith\u00eb validator\u00ebt q\u00eb ende nuk e kan\u00eb ndjekur versionin e ri t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb node-ve, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u zbatuar dhe e komplikon llogaritjen. Simulimi i situat\u00ebs s\u00eb zbatuar urgjent t\u00eb hard fork-ut mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet artificialisht duke 'thyer' bllokun\u00e7ajn n\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok t\u00eb caktuar. Prodhimi i blloqeve ndalet, dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb fitim do t\u00eb jen\u00eb ata q\u00eb aktivizohen m\u00eb her\u00ebt dhe fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruajn\u00eb blloqet, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb VP mbi baz\u00ebn e numrit t\u00eb blloqeve t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n
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Megjith\u00ebse ka mosbesim midis validuesve, marrja e informacionit aktual n\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr gjendjen e rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendime m\u00eb shpejt. Prandaj, ekipi i projektit ngrit nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim p\u00ebr mbledhjen dhe vizualizimin e nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb metrikash nga serverat e validuesve, i cili lejon shikimin e situat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin, duke mund\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrcaktimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb po ndodh. Gjithashtu, si p\u00ebr validuesit ashtu edhe p\u00ebr projektin \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb ekipi i projektit t\u00eb korrigjoj\u00eb shpejt gabimet e gjetura, prandaj, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mbledhjes s\u00eb metrikave, ka kuptim t\u00eb nisni menj\u00ebher\u00eb mbledhjen e logjeve dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr gabimet nga makinat e validuesve n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qasshme p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e blok\u00e7ain. Askush nuk ka dobi nga keqformimi i informacionit, prandaj k\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime krijohen nga ekipi i projektit dhe ato mund t\u00eb besohen. Ka kuptim t\u00eb mbledhim metrika sistemike nga validuesit, dhe, patjet\u00ebr, metrikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb vet\u00eb blok\u00e7ain \u2014 p\u00ebr DAOBet \u2014 k\u00ebto jan\u00eb koha e finalizimit dhe vonesa e bllokut m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb finalizuar. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ekipi sheh rritjen e konsumit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb nodet gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb benchmark-ut dhe problemet e validuesve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. <\/p>\n
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Pikat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr zhvillimin e loj\u00ebs s\u00eb validuesve<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 duket, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb lejoni zyrtarisht validuesit t\u00eb sulmojn\u00eb makinat e nj\u00ebri-tjetrit (ndryshe ata mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pa zyrtarizim) \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme ta formuloni k\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7mas si testim t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, pasi sipas legjislacionit t\u00eb disa vendeve, sulmet DDoS ose t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb d\u00ebnohen. Nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se si t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblehen validuesit. \u00c7mimet natyrale jan\u00eb tokenat e projektit q\u00eb do t\u00eb transferohen n\u00eb mainnet, por shp\u00ebrndarja masive e tokenave p\u00ebr \u00e7do person q\u00eb mund t\u00eb aktivizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb nod\u00eb \u2014 gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ide e mir\u00eb. Me siguri do t'ju duhet t\u00eb balanconi midis dy skenar\u00ebve ekstreme:<\/p>\n
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Shp\u00ebrndani t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fondin e \u00e7mimeve n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me VP-t\u00eb e fituara
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Shp\u00ebrndani fondin e \u00e7mimeve top-N validuesve sipas rezultateve t\u00eb loj\u00ebs
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Cilin variant t\u00eb preferoni \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e juaja. <\/p>\n
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Ka edhe nj\u00eb aspekt tjet\u00ebr \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak i sigurt q\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra validues do t\u00eb hidhen n\u00eb loj\u00eb n\u00eb thirrjen tuaj, dhe nga ata q\u00eb vendosin t\u00eb provojn\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb instalojn\u00eb dhe nisin nod\u00ebn \u2014 zakonisht, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb projektet kan\u00eb dokumentacion mjaft t\u00eb skuqur, ndodhin gabime, dhe zhvilluesit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00ebn presion nuk p\u00ebrgjigjen shum\u00eb shpejt. Prandaj, para fillimit t\u00eb loj\u00ebs duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb parashikoni veprimet n\u00ebse numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i validuesve nuk arrihet. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb loj\u00ebs, validuesit q\u00eb mungojn\u00eb do t\u00eb nisen nga ekipi i projektit, do t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb konsensus, por nuk mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb fitues.<\/p>\n
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P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h2>\n <\/p>\n
N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, p\u00ebrpiqesha t\u00eb mbledh nga p\u00ebrshkrimi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shpikim, b\u00ebjm\u00eb dhe nisnim p\u00ebr zhvillimin efektiv t\u00eb loj\u00ebs s\u00eb validuesve.<\/p>\n
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\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar nj\u00eb loj\u00eb reale validuesish:
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\nt\u00eb krijosh dhe ngresh nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe web dhe t\u00eb ofrosh CLI p\u00ebr votimin p\u00ebr validuesit<\/li>\n t\u00eb b\u00ebsh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb metrikat nga nodi validues i instaluar t\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb centralizuar (p.sh. Prometheus)<\/li>\n t\u00eb ngresh nj\u00eb server p\u00ebr mbledhjen e metrikave (Prometheus + Grafana) p\u00ebr loj\u00ebn e validuesve<\/li>\n t\u00eb mendosh se si do t\u00eb llogariten Pik\u00ebt e Validuesit (VP)<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvillosh nj\u00eb skript publik q\u00eb llogarit VP t\u00eb validuesve n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga blockchain<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvillosh nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe web p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar top-in e validuesve dhe gjendjen e loj\u00ebs s\u00eb validuesve (sa koh\u00eb ka mbetur deri n\u00eb fund, sa VP ka kush etj.)<\/li>\n t\u00eb zhvillosh dhe automatizosh fillimin e nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb caktuar nodash, t\u00eb dizajnosh procesin e lidhjes s\u00eb validuesve me loj\u00ebn (kur dhe si t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizosh nodat e tua, si t\u00eb ndash dhe heq\u00ebsh vota p\u00ebr to)<\/li>\n t\u00eb llogarit\u00ebsh se sa duhet t\u00eb jepen tokene dhe t\u00eb zhvillosh kontrat\u00ebn-faucet<\/li>\n t\u00eb krijosh nj\u00eb skript benchmark (transferet e token\u00ebve, p\u00ebrdorimi i madh i storage, p\u00ebrdorimi masiv i rrjetit) <\/li>\n t\u00eb mbledh\u00ebsh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb p\u00ebr komunikim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb<\/li>\n t\u00eb nis\u00ebsh blockchain-in pak m\u00eb par\u00eb se fillimi i loj\u00ebs<\/li>\n t\u00eb pres\u00ebsh bllokun fillestar, t\u00eb fillosh loj\u00ebn<\/li>\n testoni rrjetin me disa lloje transaksionesh<\/li>\n implementoni hard fork<\/li>\n ndryshoni list\u00ebn e validuesve<\/li>\n p\u00ebrs\u00ebritni pikat 13, 14, 15 n\u00eb rend t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, duke ruajtur stabilitetin e rrjetit<\/li>\n pritni bllokun p\u00ebrfundimtar, p\u00ebrfundoni loj\u00ebn, num\u00ebroni VP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\n
Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se loja e validuesve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori e re dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar vet\u00ebm disa her\u00eb, prandaj nuk duhet ta merrni k\u00ebt\u00eb tekst si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb analog n\u00eb biznesin modern t\u00eb IT - imagjinoni se bankat para se t\u00eb lan\u00e7ojn\u00eb sistemin e pagesave konkurrojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se kush do t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb transaksionet e klient\u00ebve. Qasjet tradicionale me siguri nuk do t'ju ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni rrjete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb decentralizuara, prandaj m\u00ebsoni modele t\u00eb reja biznesi, organizoni loj\u00ebrat tuaja, identifikoni t\u00eb denj\u00ebt, shp\u00ebrbleni ata dhe lejoni q\u00eb sistemet tuaja t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb punojn\u00eb shpejt dhe stabilisht.<\/p>\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 alpha-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c testnet, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 mainnet. \u0423 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 governance \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435. \u0412 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0432\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c genesis block, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t