{"id":39479,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","slug":"5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","title":{"rendered":"5 m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur Raspberry Pi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje Habr.<\/p>\n

Raspberry Pi ndoshta e kan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, dhe guxoj t\u00eb supozoj q\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb prej tyre ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorim. Por Raspberry nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl e \u00e7mueshme, por gjithashtu nj\u00eb kompjuter mjaft i fuqish\u00ebm pa ventilator me Linux. Sot do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e dobishme t\u00eb Raspberry Pi, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e t\u00eb cilave nuk do t\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb shkruhet asnj\u00eb kod.
\n\"5
\nP\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar, detajet n\u00eb vijim. Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb i dizajnuar p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSh\u00ebnim<\/i>: artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb i dizajnuar p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt, por ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb edhe n\u00eb disa baza se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, si t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb Raspberry Pi p\u00ebrmes SSH me putty ose \u00e7far\u00ebdo terminali tjet\u00ebr, dhe si t\u00eb redaktoni skedar\u00eb me redaktorin nano. Si eksperiment, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb nuk do ta ngarkoj lexuesin me kod p\u00ebr Python, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb programim fare. P\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm komandat e linj\u00ebs. Sa i nevojsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb ky format, do ta shoh nga vler\u00ebsimet e tekstit.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, nuk do t\u00eb shqyrtoj asgj\u00eb t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt si serverin FTP apo ndarjet n\u00eb rrjet. M\u00eb posht\u00eb kam p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb ve\u00e7oj di\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme dhe origjinale.<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb komponent, nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill\u00eb<\/b>: nj\u00eb bllok ushqimi i sakt\u00eb (m\u00eb mir\u00eb ai origjinal me 2.5A, e jo nj\u00eb mbush\u00ebs pa mark\u00eb nga telefoni) dhe nj\u00eb radiator p\u00ebr procesorin jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb Raspberry Pi. Pa k\u00ebt\u00eb, Raspberry mund t\u00eb ngrij\u00eb, mund t\u00eb ndodhin gabime n\u00eb kopjimin e skedar\u00ebve etj. Rrezikshm\u00ebria e k\u00ebtyre gabimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb se ato shfaqen vet\u00ebm her\u00eb pas here, p\u00ebr shembull gjat\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs maksimale t\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb apo n\u00eb momentin e shkarkimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb kart\u00ebn SD.<\/p>\n

Para instalimit t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb komponenti, \u00ebsht\u00eb e k\u00ebshillueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet sistemi, nd otherwise, adresat e vjetra p\u00ebr komand\u00ebn apt mund t\u00eb mos funksionojn\u00eb:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani mund t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me instalimin dhe konfigurimin.<\/p>\n
1. Pik\u00eb access WiFi<\/h2>\n
\nRaspberry Pi leht\u00eb mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasjeje wireless, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb bleni asgj\u00eb, WiFi \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb bord. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb instaloni 2 komponente: hostapd (Sh\u00ebrbimi i pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes) dhe dnsmasq (serveri DNS\/DHCP).<\/p>\n
Instaloni dnsmasq dhe hostapd:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nCaktoni nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP statike, e cila do t\u00eb ket\u00eb Raspberry Pi n\u00eb rrjetin WiFi. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb redaktoni skedarin dhcpcd.conf, duke futur komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/i>. N\u00eb skedare duhet t\u00eb shtoni rreshtat e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n
interface wlan0\n  static ip_address=198.51.100.100\/24\n  nohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, n\u00eb rrjetin WiFi, Raspberry Pi yn\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb adres\u00ebn 198.51.100.100 (\u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbani mend k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb server atje, adresa e t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb futet n\u00eb shfletues).<\/p>\n
Pastaj, ne duhet t\u00eb aktivizojm\u00eb IP forwarding, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb ekzekutojm\u00eb komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/i> dhe do t\u00eb heqim komentin nga rreshti net.ipv4.ip_forward=1<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Tani duhet t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb serverin DHCP \u2014 ai do t\u00eb ndan\u00eb adresa IP p\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb lidhen. Futim komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/i> dhe shtojm\u00eb rreshtat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, pajisjet q\u00eb lidhen do t\u00eb ken\u00eb adresat IP n\u00eb intervalin 198.51.100.1\u2026 198.51.100.99.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, ka ardhur koha t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb Wi-Fi. Redaktojm\u00eb skedarin \/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/i> dhe futim rreshtin DAEMON_CONF=\u00bb\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf\u00ab<\/i>. Tani do t\u00eb redaktojm\u00eb skedarin hostapd.conf duke futur komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>.
\nFutni parametrat e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndriver=nl80211\nssid=Raspberry Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=7\nwmm_enabled=0\nmacaddr_acl=0\nauth_algs=1\nignore_broadcast_ssid=0\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=12345678\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb vihet re parametrat \"ssid\" (emri i pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes), \"wpa_passphrase\" (fjal\u00ebkalimi), \"channel\" (numri i kanalit) dhe \"hw_mode\" (modaliteti i funksionimit, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Nga keq, nuk ka zgjedhje automatike t\u00eb kanalit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kanali m\u00eb pak i ngarkuar n\u00eb WiFi duhet t\u00eb zgjidhet manualisht.<\/p>\n
\u00cbht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/b>: n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shembull testimi \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar fjal\u00ebkalimi 12345678, n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e qasjes reale duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni di\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar. Ka programe q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb sulme me p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb listave t\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimeve, dhe nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasje me fjal\u00ebkalim t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb mund t\u00eb sulmohet. Po ashtu, ndarjen e internetit me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt sipas ligjeve moderne mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja.<\/p>\n
E gjith\u00eb puna \u00ebsht\u00eb gati, mund t\u00eb aktivizojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet. <\/p>\n
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd\nsudo systemctl start hostapd\nsudo systemctl reload dnsmasq<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani duhet t\u00eb shohim pik\u00ebn e re t\u00eb qasjes WiFi n\u00eb list\u00ebn e rrjeteve. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur internet n\u00eb t\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb aktivizojm\u00eb ridrejtimin e paketave nga Ethernet n\u00eb WLAN, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin futim komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/rc.local<\/i> dhe shtojm\u00eb rreshtin e konfigurimit p\u00ebr iptables:<\/p>\n
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani gjith\u00e7ka ka p\u00ebrfunduar. Rindizni Raspberry Pi, dhe n\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet, mund t\u00eb shohim pik\u00ebn e qasjes dhe t\u00eb lidhemi me t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, shpejt\u00ebsia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e keqe, dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i till\u00eb i WiFi \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i mundsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb e vog\u00ebl k\u00ebshill\u00eb<\/b>: emrin e rrjetit Raspberry Pi mund ta ndryshoni duke ekzekutuar komand\u00ebn sudo raspi-config<\/i>. N\u00eb parazgjedhje, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i barabart\u00eb me (surpriz\u00eb:) raspberrypi. Kjo ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se ky em\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb i aksesuesh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb rrjetin lokal, por duhet t\u00eb shtohet \u00ab.local\u00bb. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi p\u00ebrmes SSH, mund t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn putty pi@raspberrypi.local<\/i>. Megjithat\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb: kjo funksionon n\u00eb Windows dhe n\u00eb Linux, por nuk funksionon n\u00eb Android \u2014 atje do t\u00eb duhet ende t\u00eb shkruani dorazi adres\u00ebn IP.<\/p>\n
2. Serveri i mediave<\/h2>\n
\nEkzistojn\u00eb 1001 m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb server mediash n\u00eb Raspberry Pi, un\u00eb do t\u00eb trajtoj vet\u00ebm m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Supozoni se kemi nj\u00eb koleksion t\u00eb preferuar MP3-esh dhe duam q\u00eb ai t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aksesuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin lokal p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet media. Ne do t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi serverin MiniDLNA, i cili mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr ne. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr instalimin, shkruani komand\u00ebn sudo apt-get install minidlna<\/i>. Pas k\u00ebsaj, duhet t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb skedarin, duke shkruar komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/minidlna.conf<\/i>. Atje \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shtohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb rresht, q\u00eb tregon rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt tan\u00eb: media_dir=\/home\/pi\/MP3<\/i> (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme, rruga mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb tjet\u00ebr). Pasi t\u00eb mbyllim skedarin, rinit n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart minidlna<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka e b\u00ebm\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet, do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb server mediash n\u00eb rrjetin lokal, nga i cili mund t\u00eb luajm\u00eb muzik\u00eb p\u00ebrmes radios WiFi ose p\u00ebrmes VLC-Player n\u00eb Android:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nK\u00ebshill\u00eb<\/b>: ngarkimi i skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb Raspberry Pi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i leht\u00eb me WinSCP \u2014 ky program lejon t\u00eb punoni me dosjet e RPi aq leht\u00eb sa me ato lokale.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n<\/p>\n
3. Pranuesi SDR<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00ebse kemi nj\u00eb pranues RTL-SDR ose SDRPlay, mund ta p\u00ebrdorim at\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi me programin GQRX ose CubicSDR. Kjo do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb pranues SDR autonom dhe pa z\u00eb, i cili mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb madje edhe 24 or\u00eb.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb vjen keq p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e screenshot-it nga ekrani i televizorit:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nMe RTL-SDR ose SDRPlay \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb sinjale t\u00eb ndryshme radioje me frekuenc\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1GHz (madje edhe pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb). P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni jo vet\u00ebm radio FM t\u00eb zakonshme, por edhe biseda t\u00eb pilot\u00ebve ose sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, radioamator\u00ebt me ndihm\u00ebn e Raspberry Pi mund t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb, dekodojn\u00eb dhe d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb n\u00eb server sinjalet WSPR dhe moda t\u00eb tjera digjitale<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
Shqyrtimi i detajuar i SDR-radio del jasht\u00eb k\u00ebsaj artikulli, mund t\u00eb lexoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
4. Server p\u00ebr \u00absht\u00ebpin\u00eb e men\u00e7ur\u00bb<\/h2>\n
\nAta q\u00eb duan ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tyre m\u00eb \u00abt\u00eb men\u00e7ur\u00bb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb programin falas OpenHAB. <\/p>\n
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\n
\nKjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb program, por nj\u00eb kuad\u00ebr i t\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ka plugina dhe skripte t\u00eb ndryshme, duke lejuar menaxhimin e pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme (Z-Wave, Philips Hue etj). T\u00eb interesuarit mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb faqen zyrtare. https:\/\/www.openhab.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00ebse po flasim p\u00ebr \u00absht\u00ebpin\u00eb e men\u00e7ur\u00bb, nj\u00eb MQTT-server mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme lokale.<\/p>\n
5. Klienti p\u00ebr FlightRadar24<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00ebse je nj\u00eb adhurues i aviacionit dhe jeton n\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon ku mbulimi i FlightRadar \u00ebsht\u00eb i dob\u00ebt, mund t\u00eb ndihmosh komunitetin dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb udh\u00ebtar\u00ebt duke vendosur nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Mjafton vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs RTL-SDR dhe nj\u00eb Raspberry Pi. Si bonus, do t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh qasje falas n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb Pro t\u00eb FlightRadar24.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nUdh\u00ebzimi i detajuar \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar tashm\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Habr.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n
\nSigurisht, k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb renditur shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. Raspberry Pi ka nj\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimi dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr shum\u00eb q\u00ebllime, nga konsola retro p\u00ebr loj\u00ebra dhe mbik\u00ebqyrje videore, deri te njohja e numrave t\u00eb automjeteve ose madje si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim p\u00ebr astronomin\u00eb. kamera all-sky<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgimin e meteoreve. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kjo q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplicueshme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Raspberry Pi, por edhe p\u00ebr \u00abklon\u00eb\u00bb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi etj), t\u00eb gjitha programet do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb atje gjithashtu.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse publiku ka interes (i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizohet nga vler\u00ebsimet n\u00eb artikull), mund t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb me tem\u00ebn. <\/p>\n
Dhe si zakonisht, u uroj t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve eksperimente t\u00eb suksesshme.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. 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