{"id":39479,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","slug":"5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","title":{"rendered":"5 m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e dobish\u00ebm t\u00eb Raspberry Pi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje Habr.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ndoshta kan\u00eb nj\u00eb Raspberry Pi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, dhe guxoj t\u00eb supozoj se shum\u00eb prej tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorura. Por Raspberry nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb e \u00e7muar, por gjithashtu nj\u00eb kompjuter fanless mjaft i fuqish\u00ebm me Linux. Sot do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb dobishme t\u00eb Raspberry Pi, t\u00eb cilat nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb kod.
\n\"5
\nP\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar, detajet m\u00eb posht\u00eb. Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb i fokusuar p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSh\u00ebnim<\/i>: artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt, por q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndonj\u00eb njohuri t\u00eb bazuar p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, si t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb Raspberry Pi p\u00ebrmes SSH duke p\u00ebrdorur putty ose ndonj\u00eb terminal tjet\u00ebr, dhe si t\u00eb redaktoni skedar\u00eb me redaktorin nano. Si nj\u00eb eksperiment, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ngarkoj lexuesit me kod p\u00ebr Python, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb aspak programim k\u00ebtu. P\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb posht\u00eb, do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm komanda e komand\u00ebs. Sa e vler\u00ebsuar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb format i till\u00eb, do ta shoh sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb tekstit.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, nuk do t\u00eb shqyrtoj gj\u00ebra krejt t\u00eb dukshme si server\u00eb FTP ose ndarjen e rrjetit. M\u00eb posht\u00eb kam p\u00ebrpiquar t\u00eb ve\u00e7oj di\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme dhe origjinale.<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb, nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/b>: nj\u00eb furnizim me energji t\u00eb sakt\u00eb (m\u00eb mir\u00eb mark\u00eb me 2.5A, se sa nj\u00eb karikues i panjohur nga telefoni) dhe nj\u00eb radiator p\u00ebr procesorin jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr funksionimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Raspberry Pi. Pa to, Raspberry mund t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsohet ose t\u00eb ket\u00eb gabime n\u00eb kopjimin e skedar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb tjera. Rrezikshm\u00ebria e k\u00ebtyre gabimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb se ato shfaqen vet\u00ebm her\u00eb pas here, p.sh. gjat\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs maksimale t\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb ose n\u00eb momentin e shkrimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb kart\u00ebn SD.<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb instaloni ndonj\u00eb komponent, \u00ebsht\u00eb e preferueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni sistemin, p\u00ebrndryshe adresat e vjetra p\u00ebr komand\u00ebn apt mund t\u00eb mos funksionojn\u00eb:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani mund t\u00eb nisim instalimin dhe konfigurimin.<\/p>\n
1. Pik\u00eb akses WiFi<\/h2>\n
\nRaspberry Pi mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb akses pa tel dhe nuk do t\u00eb nevojitet asnj\u00eb blerje tjet\u00ebr, sepse WiFi \u00ebsht\u00eb 'n\u00eb bord' tashm\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb instaloni 2 komponent\u00eb: hostapd (Demon i pik\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit) dhe dnsmasq (server DNS\/DHCP).<\/p>\n
Instaloni dnsmasq dhe hostapd:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nCaktoni nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP statike q\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb Raspberry Pi n\u00eb rrjetin WiFi. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb redaktoni skedarin dhcpcd.conf duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/i>. N\u00eb skedar duhet t\u00eb shtoni rreshtat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n
interface wlan0\n  static ip_address=198.51.100.100\/24\n  nohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, n\u00eb rrjetin WiFi, Raspberry Pi jon\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb adres\u00ebn 198.51.100.100 (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbani mend, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb server q\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb aty, adres\u00ebn e t\u00eb cilit duhet ta futni n\u00eb shfletues).<\/p>\n
M\u00eb pas, ne duhet t\u00eb aktivizojm\u00eb IP forwarding, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ekzekutojm\u00eb komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/i> dhe heqim komentin nga rreshti net.ipv4.ip_forward=1<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Tani duhet t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb serverin DHCP - ai do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndaj\u00eb adresa IP p\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb lidhen. Futim komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/i> dhe shtojm\u00eb rreshtat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, pajisjet q\u00eb lidhen do t\u00eb ken\u00eb adresa IP n\u00eb diapazonin 198.51.100.1\u2026 198.51.100.99.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb fund, ka ardhur koha t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb Wi-Fi. Redaktojm\u00eb skedarin \/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/i> dhe futim atje rreshtin DAEMON_CONF=>\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>. Tani do t\u00eb redaktojm\u00eb skedarin hostapd.conf, duke futur komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>.
\nFut\u00ebm parametrat e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndriver=nl80211\nssid=Raspberry Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=7\nwmm_enabled=0\nmacaddr_acl=0\nauth_algs=1\nignore_broadcast_ssid=0\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=12345678\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kushtohet v\u00ebmendje parametrave \"ssid\" (emri i pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes), \"wpa_passphrase\" (fjal\u00ebkalimi), \"channel\" (numri i kanalit) dhe \"hw_mode\" (re\u017eimi i pun\u00ebs, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, nuk ka nj\u00eb zgjedhje automatike t\u00eb kanaleve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb zgjidhni manualisht kanalin m\u00eb pak t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb WiFi.<\/p>\n
E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/b>: n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shembull testi, \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar fjal\u00ebkalimi 12345678, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasje reale duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret di\u00e7ka m\u00eb komplekse. Ekzistojn\u00eb programe q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebkalimet p\u00ebrmes fjalor\u00ebve, dhe nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasje me fjal\u00ebkalim t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb mund t\u00eb thyhet. Po ashtu, ndarja e internetit me t\u00eb tret\u00ebt sipas ligjeve t\u00eb sotme mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e rrezikshme.<\/p>\n
Gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb gati, mund t\u00eb aktivizoni t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet. <\/p>\n
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd\nsudo systemctl start hostapd\nsudo systemctl reload dnsmasq<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani ne duhet t\u00eb shohim pik\u00ebn e re WiFi n\u00eb list\u00ebn e rrjeteve. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur internet n\u00eb t\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb aktivizoni redirektimin e paketave nga Ethernet n\u00eb WLAN, p\u00ebr \u00e7ka shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/rc.local<\/i> dhe shtojm\u00eb rreshtin e konfigurimit iptables:<\/p>\n
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka. Rinisni Raspberry Pi, dhe n\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet, duhet t\u00eb shohim pik\u00ebn e qasjes dhe t\u00eb lidhemi me t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihni, shpejt\u00ebsia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e keqe, dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb WiFi t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht i mundsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb e vog\u00ebl k\u00ebshill\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/b>: emrin rrjetit t\u00eb Raspberry Pi mund ta ndryshoni duke ekzekutuar komand\u00ebn sudo raspi-config<\/i>. Me default \u00ebsht\u00eb (surpriz\u00eb:) raspberrypi. Kjo ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se ky em\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin lokal, por duhet t'i shtohet '.local'. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb aksesoni Raspberry Pi n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet SSH duke futur komand\u00ebn putty pi@raspberrypi.local<\/i>. Ka nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb k\u00ebtu: kjo funksionon n\u00eb Windows dhe n\u00eb Linux, por nuk funksionon n\u00eb Android \u2014 atje do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb futni manualisht adres\u00ebn IP.<\/p>\n
2. Serveri multimedial<\/h2>\n
\nKa 1001 m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb server multimedial n\u00eb Raspberry Pi, por do t\u00eb shqyrtoj vet\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshtin. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb q\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb koleksion t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve MP3, dhe duam q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin lokal p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet multimediale. Ne do t\u00eb vendosim n\u00eb Raspberry Pi serverin MiniDLNA, i cili mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr ne. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr ta instaluar, shkruani komand\u00ebn sudo apt-get install minidlna<\/i>. Pas k\u00ebsaj, duhet t\u00eb konfiguroni skedarin duke ekzekutuar komand\u00ebn sudo nano \/etc\/minidlna.conf<\/i>. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb rresht q\u00eb tregon rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt tan\u00eb: media_dir=\/home\/pi\/MP3<\/i> (sigurisht, rruga mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndryshe). Pasi t\u00eb mbyllim skedarin, rinisim sh\u00ebrbimin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart minidlna<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u00ebse e b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka si\u00e7 duhet, do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb server mediatik t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin lokal, nga i cili mund t\u00eb luajm\u00eb muzik\u00eb p\u00ebrmes radios WiFi ose p\u00ebrmes VLC-Player n\u00eb Android:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nK\u00ebshill\u00eb<\/b>: ngarkimi i skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb Raspberry Pi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i leht\u00eb me WinSCP \u2014 ky program lejon t\u00eb punoni me dosjet e RPi po aq leht\u00eb sa me ato lokale.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n<\/p>\n
3. Prit\u00ebsi SDR<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00ebse kemi nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs RTL-SDR ose SDRPlay, mund ta p\u00ebrdorim at\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi me programin GQRX ose CubicSDR. Kjo do t\u00eb na jap\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs SDR t\u00eb pavarur dhe t\u00eb qet\u00eb, i cili mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb edhe 24 or\u00eb.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb falni p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e screenshots nga ekrani i televizorit:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nMe RTL-SDR ose SDRPlay \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb sinjale t\u00eb ndryshme radio me frekuenc\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1GHz (madje pak m\u00eb lart). P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm radio FM t\u00eb zakonshme, por edhe komunikimet e pilot\u00ebve ose sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebrshtypja \u00ebsht\u00eb se entuziast\u00ebt e radios me an\u00eb t\u00eb Raspberry Pi e kan\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb, dekodojn\u00eb dhe d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb n\u00eb server sinjale WSPR dhe modet e tjera digjitale<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb shqyrtim i thell\u00eb i SDR-radio del jasht\u00eb korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexoni k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
4. Server p\u00ebr \u00absht\u00ebpin\u00eb e men\u00e7ur\u00bb<\/h2>\n
\nAta q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb sh\u5bb6pin\u00eb e tyre m\u00eb \u00abt\u00eb men\u00e7ur\u00bb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin programin falas OpenHAB. <\/p>\n
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\n
\nKjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb program, por nj\u00eb platform\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb, me plugina t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, skripte q\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb menaxhimin e pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme (Z-Wave, Philips Hue dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb). Ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb faqen zyrtare. https:\/\/www.openhab.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ngjashm\u00ebria e diskutimit p\u00ebr \u00absht\u00ebpin\u00eb e men\u00e7ur\u00bb, nj\u00eb server MQTT mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry Pi, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga pajisje lokale t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n
5. Klienti p\u00ebr FlightRadar24<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00ebse jeni nj\u00eb dashnor i aviacis\u00eb dhe jetoni n\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon ku mbulimi i FlightRadar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00eb, mund ta ndihmoni komunitetin dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb udh\u00ebtar\u00ebt duke instaluar nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb tuaj. Mjafton vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs RTL-SDR dhe Raspberry Pi. Si bonus, do t\u00eb merrni qasje falas n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb Pro t\u00eb FlightRadar24.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nUdh\u00ebzimi i detajuar ka qen\u00eb tashm\u00eb i publikuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Habr.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h2>\n
\nNatyrisht, k\u00ebtu nuk jan\u00eb listuar t\u00eb gjitha. Raspberry Pi ka nj\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb mir\u00eb llogarit\u00ebs dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb detyrash, nga konsolat e loj\u00ebrave retro ose mbik\u00ebqyrja video, deri te njohja e numrave t\u00eb automjeteve ose madje si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim p\u00ebr astronomin\u00eb. kamera all-sky<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgimin e meteor\u00ebve. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Raspberry Pi, por edhe p\u00ebr klon\u00ebt e ndrysh\u00ebm (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi etj.), t\u00eb gjitha programet ndoshta do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb gjithashtu atje.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse publiku ka interes (i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet nga vler\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr artikullin), tema mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n
Dhe si zakonisht, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb suksese n\u00eb eksperimentet tuaja.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. 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