{"id":39485,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/alan-kej-chto-mozhno-nazvat-samym-udivitelnym-chto-kompyutery-sdelali-vozmozhnym\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:55","slug":"alan-kej-chto-mozhno-nazvat-samym-udivitelnym-chto-kompyutery-sdelali-vozmozhnym","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/alan-kej-chto-mozhno-nazvat-samym-udivitelnym-chto-kompyutery-sdelali-vozmozhnym","title":{"rendered":"Alan Kay: \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet m\u00eb e mrekullueshme q\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Alan<\/p>\n

Quora:<\/b> \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet m\u00eb e habitshme q\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur?<\/p>\n

Alan Kay:<\/b> Ende po p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj t\u00eb mendoj m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mendoj se p\u00ebrgjigjja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me p\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr pyetjen \"\u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e habitshme q\u00eb shkrimi (dhe pastaj shtypi) e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur\".<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se shkrimi dhe shtypi b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur nj\u00eb lloj krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm udh\u00ebtimi n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt i mrekulluesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, por se u krijua nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e re p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebtuar p\u00ebrmes ideve, si pasoj\u00eb e asaj q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh t\u00eb lexosh dhe shkruash rrjedhsh\u00ebm. Shum\u00eb studime kan\u00eb treguar se kultura me shkrim t\u00eb avancuar ndryshon cil\u00ebsisht nga kulturat tradicionale gojore, dhe se ka nj\u00eb korrelacion mes shkrimit dhe civilizimeve, dhe kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme cil\u00ebsore ndodhen me shfaqjen e shtypit, dhe t\u00eb dy k\u00ebto ndryshime jan\u00eb disi t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, pasi secili prej tyre ishte fillimisht nj\u00eb lloj automatizimi i asaj q\u00eb ishte m\u00eb par\u00eb: regjistrimi i m\u00ebndjes dhe shtypja e t\u00eb shkruarit. N\u00eb t\u00eb dy rastet, ndryshimi q\u00ebndron n\u00eb \"\u00e7far\u00eb tjet\u00ebr?\". \"\u00c7far\u00eb tjet\u00ebr?\" ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me \"\u00e7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm\", q\u00eb ndodh kur nj\u00eb person zot\u00ebron lirsh\u00ebm ndonj\u00eb mjet, sidomos at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban si ide ashtu edhe veprime.<\/p>\n

Ka ende shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar, q\u00eb do ta kalonte madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjigjes standarde n\u00eb Quora, por p\u00ebr fillim le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb shkrimi dhe shtypi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimin dhe argumentimin. Tani ekzistojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja t\u00eb shkrimit dhe leximit n\u00eb form\u00eb, v\u00ebllim, struktur\u00eb dhe lloj p\u00ebrmbajtjeje. Dhe e gjith\u00eb kjo zhvillohet s\u00eb bashku me forma t\u00eb reja idesh.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, mund t\u00eb ngrihet pyetja: \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb reja dhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme sjellin kompjuter\u00ebt. Mendoni se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruash nj\u00eb ide, por gjithashtu t\u00eb jesh n\u00eb gjendje ta modelosh, ta realizosh, t\u00eb hulumtosh pasojat e saj dhe supozimet e fshehura ashtu si\u00e7 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Joseph Licklider (J.C.R. Licklider \u2014 Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider), i cili organizoi hulumtimin e par\u00eb ARPA q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e sotme t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve personal\u00eb dhe rrjeteve t\u00eb pranishme kudo, shkroi n\u00eb vitin 1960 k\u00ebshtu (pak e parafrazuar): \u201cN\u00eb disa vite, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis njer\u00ebzve dhe kompjuter\u00ebve do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb ashtu si askush nuk ka arritur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kjo vizion fillimisht u krahasua me vegla shtes\u00eb dhe mjete transporti, por shum\u00eb shpejt u perceptua si nj\u00eb ide shum\u00eb m\u00eb e gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshimin e tipave t\u00eb komunikimeve dhe m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb mendimit, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb ishin po aq revolucionare sa ato q\u00eb soll\u00ebn shkrimin dhe shtypin.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi, na nevojitet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb shohim historin\u00eb e shkrimit dhe shtypit p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re dy pasoja t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme: (a) ndryshimi i par\u00eb, nj\u00eb transformim i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 450 vitet e fundit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si bot\u00ebt fizike dhe sociale shqyrtohen p\u00ebrmes shpikjeve t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs moderne dhe menaxhimit, dhe (b) se shumica e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb lexojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ende preferojn\u00eb kryesisht let\u00ebrsin\u00eb artistike, librat mbi zhvillimin personal dhe religjionin, receta dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb (n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb librave m\u00eb t\u00eb lexuar n\u00eb 10 vitet e fundit n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb). T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto tema do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr \u00e7do njeri t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb gurit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga m\u00ebnyrat p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se kur shfaqet nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e re e fuqishme p\u00ebr t\u2019u shprehur, e cila na ka munguar n\u00eb gjenet tona p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kulturave tradicionale, duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb ta zot\u00ebrojm\u00eb dhe ta p\u00ebrdorim lirisht. Pa nj\u00eb trajnim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, mediat e reja do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren kryesisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb automatizuar format e vjetra t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit. K\u00ebtu na presin gjithashtu pasojat, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse mediat e reja t\u00eb informacionit jan\u00eb m\u00eb efektive krahasuar me ato t\u00eb vjetra, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbushje e cila vepron si droga ligjore (ashtu si n\u00eb rastin e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb revolucionit industrial p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar sheqer dhe yndyr\u00eb, ashtu edhe n\u00eb ambientin ton\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb tepric\u00eb e tregimeve, lajmeve, statuseve dhe m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit verbal).<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, praktikisht \u00e7do shkenc\u00eb dhe inxhinierie jan\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme vet\u00ebm fal\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve dhe kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb modeluar aktivisht idet\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe \"id\u00e9n e t\u00eb menduarit\"), duke pasur parasysh kontributin e madh q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb shtypi.<\/p>\n

Einstein vuri re e se \u00abne nuk mund t'i zgjidhim problemet tona me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel mendimi q\u00eb i krijoi ato\u00bb. Ne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim kompjuter\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur shum\u00eb nga problemet tona m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, do t\u00eb kemi v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim kompjuter\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar probleme t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ri, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat niveli yn\u00eb i t\u00eb menduarit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatur, dhe t\u00eb cilat duhet shmangur dhe eleminuar. Nj\u00eb analogji e mir\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb frazat \u00abarma b\u00ebrthamore \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrezikshme n\u00eb \u00e7do duar njer\u00ebzore\u00bb, por \u00abarma b\u00ebrthamore n\u00eb duar t\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb shpell\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e rrezikshme\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cita e madhe e Vi Hart: \u00abNe duhet t\u00eb garantojm\u00eb q\u00eb urt\u00ebsia njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb forc\u00ebn njer\u00ebzore\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Por ne nuk fitojm\u00eb urt\u00ebsi pa p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb konsiderueshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb sapo fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb formojn\u00eb konceptet e tyre p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kan\u00eb lindur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkthimi: Yana Shchekotova<\/i><\/p>\n

Artikuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nga Alan Kay<\/b><\/p>\n