{"id":39644,"date":"2019-10-31T22:37:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:37:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:37:21","slug":"nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nachinayushhemu-sisadminu-kak-iz-haosa-sdelat-poryadok","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/9164a26c356a071a89e116d841283139.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUn\u00eb jam administrator sistemi n\u00eb FirstVDS, dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb teksti i ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb hyr\u00ebse nga kursi im i shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn e koleg\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj. Specialist\u00ebt q\u00eb sapo kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb merren me administrimin e sistemeve p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb problemesh t\u00eb ngjashme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar zgjidhje, mor\u00ebm p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl ligj\u00ebratash. Disa gj\u00ebra n\u00eb t\u00eb jan\u00eb specifike p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje teknike t\u00eb hostimit, por n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme, n\u00ebse jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb. Prandaj, kam adaptuar tekstin e ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta ndar\u00eb k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se si quhet pozita juaj \u2014 ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se ju realisht merresh me administrimin. Prandaj, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb administrator sistemi. Detyra kryesore e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb, t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb rendin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatis\u00eb p\u00ebr rritjet e ardhshme t\u00eb rendit. Pa nj\u00eb administrator sistemi, serveri fillon t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb kaos. Log-et nuk shkruhen, ose n\u00eb to shkruhet di\u00e7ka jo e duhur, burimet shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo optimale, disku mbushet me mbetje t\u00eb ndryshme dhe sistemi fillon t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kaosit t\u00eb till\u00eb. Qet\u00ebsohuni! Administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve si ju fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhin problemet dhe t\u00eb eliminojn\u00eb kaosin!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Stolat e administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemeve<\/h3>\n<p>\nMegjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb zgjidhni probleme, \u00ebsht\u00eb e udh\u00ebs t\u00eb njihemi me kat\u00ebr stolat kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dokumentacioni<\/li>\n<li>Shabllonizimi<\/li>\n<li>Optimizimi<\/li>\n<li>Automatizimi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb baza e t\u00eb gjitha. N\u00ebse nuk e nd\u00ebrtoni procesin tuaj t\u00eb pun\u00ebs mbi k\u00ebto principe, ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb joefikas, jo produktiv dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi pak i ngjash\u00ebm me administrimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb secilin ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7.<\/p>\n<h3>Dokumentacioni<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Dokumentacioni<\/b> n\u00ebnkupton jo vet\u00ebm leximin e dokumentacionit (edhe pse pa k\u00ebt\u00eb s'ke ku shkon), por edhe mbajtjen e tij. <\/p>\n<p>Si t\u00eb mbani dokumentacion:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U p\u00ebrball\u00ebt me nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb ri q\u00eb nuk keni par\u00eb kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb? Sh\u00ebnoni simptomat kryesore, metodat e diagnoz\u00ebs dhe principet e zgjidhjes. <\/li>\n<li>Keni gjetur nj\u00eb zgjidhje elegante p\u00ebr nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm? Sh\u00ebnoni at\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos e shpikni p\u00ebrs\u00ebri pas nj\u00eb muaji.<\/li>\n<li>I dikush ju ndihmoi t\u00eb kuptoni nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk kishit asnj\u00eb informacion? Sh\u00ebnoni tezat dhe konceptet kryesore, vizatoni nj\u00eb skem\u00eb p\u00ebr vete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIdeja kryesore: nuk duhet t\u00eb besoni plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb memorien tuaj gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimit dhe aplikimit t\u00eb t\u00eb rejave.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb cilin format do ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, varet vet\u00ebm nga ju: mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem sh\u00ebnimesh, blogu personal, skedari tekstual, ose nj\u00eb bllok fizik. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet tuaja t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin k\u00ebrkesat e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>T\u00eb mos jen\u00eb tep\u00ebr t\u00eb gjata<\/b>. Shpjegoni idet\u00eb, metodat dhe mjetet kryesore. N\u00ebse kuptimi i problemit k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb thelloheni n\u00eb mekanik\u00ebn e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb Linux, mos e shkruani p\u00ebrs\u00ebri artikullin nga i cili e m\u00ebsuat k\u00ebt\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebrcjellni nj\u00eb lidhje p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sh\u00ebnimet duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme p\u00ebr ju.<\/b> N\u00ebse rreshti <code>race cond.lockup<\/code> nuk ju lejon t\u00eb kuptoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb keni p\u00ebrshkruar me k\u00ebt\u00eb rresht \u2014 shpjegoni. N\u00eb nj\u00eb dokumentacion t\u00eb mir\u00eb, nuk duhet t\u00eb kaloni gjysm\u00eb ore p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar. <\/li>\n<li><b>K\u00ebrkimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e shk\u00eblqyer.<\/b> N\u00ebse mbani sh\u00ebnime n\u00eb blog, shtoni etiketa; n\u00ebse e b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb notebook fizik \u2014 ngjisni post-it t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl me p\u00ebrshkrime. Nuk ka kuptim t\u00eb keni dokumentacion, n\u00ebse shpenzoni nj\u00ebsoj koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur p\u00ebrgjigje n\u00eb t\u00eb, sa do t\u00eb kishit shpenzuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin nga e para.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/931ccad9b44a4865b31189f75638ec91.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb duket dokumentacioni: nga sh\u00ebnimet primitive n\u00eb notebook (imazhi m\u00eb sip\u00ebr), deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb njohurish shum\u00ebp\u00ebrdoruesi me etiketa, k\u00ebrkim dhe t\u00eb gjitha rehati t\u00eb mundshme (m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/4fea2406da73db5b04f7be20b1ba14bb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk do t\u2019ju duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat p\u00ebrgjigje dy her\u00eb: dokumentimi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb studimin e temave t\u00eb reja (sh\u00ebnimet, apo jo!), do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb intuiten tuaj p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve (aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb diagnostikuar nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb komplikuar, duke par\u00eb vet\u00ebm sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsisht), dhe do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb organizim n\u00eb veprimet tuaja. N\u00ebse dokumentacioni do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aksesuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr koleg\u00ebt tuaj, do t'u ndihmoj\u00eb ata t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb dhe si keni b\u00ebr\u00eb, kur nuk do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n<h3>Shabllonizimi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Shabllonizimi<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb krijimi dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i shablloneve. P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur shumic\u00ebn e problemeve tipike, \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb shabllon t\u00eb caktuar veprimi. P\u00ebr diagnoz\u00ebn e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb problemeve, duhet p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb sekuenc\u00eb veprimesh t\u00eb standardizuara. Kur riparoni\/instaloni\/optmizoni di\u00e7ka, duhet ta kontrolloni funksionalitetin e saj p\u00ebrmes listave kontrolluese t\u00eb standardizuara. <\/p>\n<p>Shabllonizimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr organizimin e procesit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Duke p\u00ebrdorur procedura tipike p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme, ju merrni shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrdorimi i listave kontrolluese do t'ju lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb diagnostikoni t\u00eb gjitha funksionet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr pun\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtoni diagnoz\u00ebn e funksionaliteteve t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuara. Procedurat e standardizuara do t\u00eb minimizojn\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrimet e panevojshme dhe do t\u00eb ulin gjasat p\u00ebr gabime.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb aspekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb se procedurat dhe listat e kontrollit gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb dokumentohen. N\u00ebse besoni thjesht n\u00eb memorizim, mund t\u00eb humbni ndonj\u00eb kontroll apo operacion realisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb prishet. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr pik\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha praktikat standarde mund dhe duhet t\u00eb modifikohen n\u00ebse situata e k\u00ebrkon. Nuk ka modele perfekte dhe plot\u00ebsisht universale. N\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb problem dhe kontrolli standard nuk e ka zbuluar at\u00eb, kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb problemi nuk ekziston. Megjithat\u00eb, para se t\u00eb angazhoheni n\u00eb kontrollimin e ndonj\u00eb problemi hipotetik q\u00eb ndodh rrall\u00eb, gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e men\u00e7ur t\u00eb b\u00ebni fillimisht nj\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb standard.<\/p>\n<h3>Optimizimi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Optimizimi<\/b> flet vet\u00eb. Procesi i pun\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb optimizohet n\u00eb maksimum n\u00eb aspektin e koh\u00ebs dhe burimeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Ka nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri t\u00eb pafundme opsionesh: m\u00ebsoni \u00e7el\u00ebsat e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, shkurtesat, shprehjet e rregullta, mjetet n\u00eb dispozicion. K\u00ebrkoni m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin m\u00eb praktik t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre mjeteve. N\u00ebse e calloni komand\u00ebn 100 her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb, caktoni nj\u00eb shkurtes\u00eb n\u00eb tastier\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. N\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb lidheni me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat server\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt, shkruani nj\u00eb alias me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb q\u00eb do t'ju lidh\u00eb atje: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/93bb342b3dd44be5e1424f786614c3f9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nShikoni opsionet e ndryshme t\u00eb mjeteve t\u00eb disponueshme - ndoshta ka nj\u00eb klient terminal m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, DE, menaxher t\u00eb kopjimit, shfletues, klient e-maili, sistem operativ. Zbuloni se cil\u00ebt mjete p\u00ebrdorin koleg\u00ebt dhe miqt\u00eb tuaj - ndoshta ata i zgjedhin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye. Pasi t\u00eb keni p\u00ebrzgjedhur mjetet, m\u00ebsoni si t'i p\u00ebrdorni ato: m\u00ebsoni \u00e7el\u00ebsat, shkurtoret, k\u00ebshillat dhe truket. <\/p>\n<p>Shfryt\u00ebzoni n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb optimale mjetet standarde - coreutils, vim, shprehjet e rregullta, bash. P\u00ebr tre t\u00eb fundit ka nj\u00eb mori udh\u00ebzuesish dhe dokumentacionesh t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera. Me ndihm\u00ebn e tyre, mund t\u00eb kaloni mjaft shpejt nga gjendja \"ndjehem si majmuni q\u00eb po thyen arrat me nj\u00eb laptop\" n\u00eb \"jam nj\u00eb majmun q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor laptopin p\u00ebr t\u00eb porositur nj\u00eb thik\u00eb arrash.\" <\/p>\n<h3>Automatizimi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Automatizimi<\/b> do t\u00eb transferoj\u00eb operacionet e r\u00ebnda nga duar t\u00eb lodhura n\u00eb duar t\u00eb palodhur t\u00eb automatik\u00ebs. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb procedur\u00eb standarde kryhet me pes\u00eb komanda t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta, pse mos t'i mb\u00ebshtjellim t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto komanda n\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar dhe t\u00eb th\u00ebrrasim nj\u00eb komand\u00eb q\u00eb e ngarkon dhe e ekzekuton at\u00eb skedar? <\/p>\n<p>Automatizimi p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet n\u00eb 80% nga krijimi dhe optimizimi i mjeteve tuaja (dhe 20% p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr t'i b\u00ebr\u00eb ato t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet). Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi avancuar ose nj\u00eb mjet i madh dhe t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm me nd\u00ebrfaqe web dhe API. Kritere kryesore k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb krijimi i mjeteve t\u00eb mos k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrpjekje sesa sa kohe dhe p\u00ebrpjekje do t\u00eb kurseni me at\u00eb mjet. N\u00ebse kaloni pes\u00eb or\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar nj\u00eb skript q\u00eb nuk do t'ju nevojitet kurr\u00eb m\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb q\u00eb pa skripti do t'ju kishte marr\u00eb nj\u00eb ose dy or\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb optimizim shum\u00eb i dob\u00ebt i procesit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Mund t\u00eb investoni pes\u00eb or\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb mjeti vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse sasia, tipi i detyrave dhe koha e lejojn\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizimi nuk n\u00ebnkupton domosdoshm\u00ebrisht shkruajtjen e skripteve t\u00eb plota. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb mori objektesh t\u00eb ngjashme nga nj\u00eb list\u00eb, nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi e zgjuar \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme, e cila automatikisht do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebnit me dor\u00eb, duke kaluar midis dritareve dhe duke b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb kopje e ngjitje. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse e nd\u00ebrtosh procesin e administrat\u00ebs mbi k\u00ebta kat\u00ebr shtylla, mund ta rrit\u00ebsh shpejt efikasitetin, produktivitetin dhe kualifikimin t\u00ebnd. Megjithat\u00eb, lista duhet t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohet me nj\u00eb pik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, pa t\u00eb cil\u00ebn puna n\u00eb IT \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht e pamundur \u2014 vet\u00ebstudimi. <\/p>\n<h3>Vet\u00ebstudimi i administrator\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemeve<\/h3>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb pak kompetent n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh dhe t\u00eb zbulosh gjithmon\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb reja. N\u00ebse nuk ke asnj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me t\u00eb panjohur\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t'u thelluar, do t\u00eb shfaqesh shum\u00eb shpejt n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi. IT vazhdimisht sjell zgjidhje, teknologji dhe metoda t\u00eb reja, dhe n\u00ebse nuk i studion ato, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor \u2014 je n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e humbjes. Shum\u00eb fusha t\u00eb teknologjive informative q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb baz\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse dhe t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, puna me rrjetet. Rrjetet dhe interneti jan\u00eb kudo, ti p\u00ebrballet me to \u00e7do dit\u00eb, por kur fillon t\u00eb shqyrtosh teknologjit\u00eb q\u00eb fshihen pas tyre, zbulesh nj\u00eb disiplin\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar, studimi i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak nj\u00eb sh\u00ebtitje n\u00eb park. <\/p>\n<p>Nuk e p\u00ebrfshiva k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00eb, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb themelore p\u00ebr IT-n\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, dhe jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr administrimin e sistemeve. Natyrisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh gjith\u00e7ka menj\u00ebher\u00eb \u2014 do t\u00eb mos kesh koh\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme. Prandaj, kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00ebarsimin, duhet t\u00eb mbash parasysh nivelet e nevojshme t\u00eb abstraksionit.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh menj\u00ebher\u00eb se si funksionon menaxhimi i brendsh\u00ebm i memories p\u00ebr \u00e7do mjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, dhe si lidhet ai me menaxhimin e memories n\u00eb Linux, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme t\u00eb dish se si duket operativja n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb schematike dhe p\u00ebrse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb dish se si dallohet struktura e header-ave n\u00eb TCP dhe UDP, por do t\u00eb ishte e dobishme t\u00eb kuptosh dallimet themelore n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e protokolleve. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb studiohet se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb humbjet e sinjalit n\u00eb optik\u00eb, por do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb t\u00eb dish se pse humbjet reale gjithmon\u00eb trash\u00ebgohen p\u00ebrmes nyjave. Nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb keqe n\u00eb t\u00eb ditur si funksionojn\u00eb disa elemente n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb caktuar abstraksioni dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme t\u00eb analizosh t\u00eb gjitha nivelet kur nuk ka aspak abstraksion (thjesht do t\u00eb \u00e7mendeshe). <\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e saj, t\u00eb diskutosh n\u00eb nivelin abstrakt \"\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb shfaq\u00ebsh faqet e internetit\" \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Lecturat n\u00eb vazhdim do t'i kushtohen shqyrtimit t\u00eb fushave kryesore me t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb administrator sistemi p\u00ebrballet n\u00eb pun\u00ebn n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta t\u00eb abstraksionit. Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb kufizoj shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e njohurive q\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin minimal t\u00eb abstraksionit.<\/p>\n<h3>10 urdhra t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemeve<\/h3>\n<p>\nPra, ne e kuptuam kat\u00ebr themelore dhe themelin. A mund t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhim problemet? Ende jo. Para k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e k\u00ebshillueshme t\u00eb njihet me at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet \"praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira\" dhe rregullat e etik\u00ebs s\u00eb mir\u00eb. Pa to, ekziston mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb t\u00eb sjell\u00ebsh m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebm se dobi. Pra, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Disa nga koleg\u00ebt e mi mendojn\u00eb se rregulli i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \"mos d\u00ebmto\". Por un\u00eb prirem t\u00eb mos bie dakord. Kur p\u00ebrpiqesh t\u00eb mos d\u00ebmton, nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebsh asgj\u00eb \u2014 shum\u00eb veprime potencialisht jan\u00eb destruktive. Rregulli m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2014 <b>\"b\u00ebni nj\u00eb backup\"<\/b>. Edhe n\u00ebse d\u00ebmton, gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb rikthehesh, dhe gjith\u00e7ka nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq keq.\n<p>Backup duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet gjithmon\u00eb, kur koha dhe hap\u00ebsira e lejojn\u00eb. Duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebni backup ato q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshoni dhe ato q\u00eb rrezikoni t\u00eb humbni gjat\u00eb veprimeve potencialisht shkat\u00ebrruese. \u00cbsht\u00eb e k\u00ebshillueshme t\u00eb kontrolloni integritetin e backup-it dhe t\u00eb keni t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nevojshme. Backup-i nuk duhet t\u00eb fshihet menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas kontrollit, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rasteve kur duhet t\u00eb \u00e7lironi hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb disk. N\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, b\u00ebni backup n\u00eb serverin tuaj personal dhe fshijeni pas nj\u00eb jave. <\/li>\n<li>Rregulli i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm (q\u00eb shpesh e shkel vet\u00eb) \u2014 <b>\u00abmos e fsheh\u00bb<\/b>. N\u00ebse keni b\u00ebr\u00eb backup, shkruani \u2014 ku, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb koleg\u00ebt tuaj t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb nevoj\u00eb ta gjejn\u00eb at\u00eb. N\u00ebse keni b\u00ebr\u00eb disa veprime jo t\u00eb dukshme ose t\u00eb komplikuara, regjistrojini: do t\u00eb largoheni p\u00ebr n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, dhe problemi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet ose t\u00eb lind\u00eb te dikush tjet\u00ebr dhe zgjidhja juaj do t\u00eb gjendet p\u00ebrmes fjal\u00ebve ky\u00e7e. Edhe n\u00ebse b\u00ebni di\u00e7ka q\u00eb e dini mir\u00eb, koleg\u00ebt tuaj mund t\u00eb mos e din\u00eb at\u00eb. <\/li>\n<li>Rregulli i tret\u00eb nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shpjegim: <b>\u00abkurr\u00eb mos b\u00ebj at\u00eb, pasojat e t\u00eb cilit nuk i di, nuk i p\u00ebrfytyron ose nuk i kupton\u00bb<\/b>. Mos i kopjosh komandat nga interneti n\u00ebse nuk e di se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb; thirrni man dhe analizoni fillimisht. Mos aplikoni zgjidhje t\u00eb gatshme n\u00ebse nuk e kuptoni se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb. Minimizo n\u00eb maksimum ekzekutimin e kodit t\u00eb obfuskutuar. N\u00ebse nuk keni koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar \u2014 ndoshta po b\u00ebni di\u00e7ka gabim dhe duhet t\u00eb shqyrtoni pik\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abTesto\u00bb<\/b>. Skriptet, mjetet, nj\u00eb-linjat dhe komandat e reja duhet t\u00eb verifikohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb kontrolluar, jo n\u00eb makin\u00ebn e klientit, n\u00ebse ka edhe potencialin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr veprime shkat\u00ebrruese. Edhe n\u00ebse keni b\u00ebr\u00eb backup t\u00eb gjith\u00e7kaje (dhe e keni b\u00ebr\u00eb), amortizimi \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer. Krijoni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim nj\u00eb server\/virtuale\/chroot t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe testoni atje. Asgj\u00eb nuk u prish? At\u00ebher\u00eb mund ta luftoni n\u00eb \u00abprodhim\u00bb.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/de96cff4be3087716ac2ce9bf1e50356.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abKontrollo\u00bb<\/b>. Minimizoni t\u00eb gjitha operacionet q\u00eb nuk i kontrolloni. Nj\u00eb var\u00ebsi e keqe n\u00eb paket\u00eb mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb pas vetes gjysm\u00ebn e sistemit, nd\u00ebrsa flamuri -y i vendosur p\u00ebr yum remove ju jep mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitni aft\u00ebsit\u00eb tuaja p\u00ebr rikuperimin e sistemit nga zero. N\u00ebse veprimi nuk ka alternativa q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb kontrolloni \u2014 kaloni n\u00eb pik\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr dhe b\u00ebni nj\u00eb Backup t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abKontrollo\u00bb<\/b>. Kontrolloni ndikimet e veprimeve tuaja dhe n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb riktheheni n\u00eb nj\u00eb Backup. Kontrolloni n\u00ebse problemi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhur. Kontrolloni n\u00ebse gabimi p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet dhe n\u00ebn cilat kushte. Kontrolloni se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni me veprimet tuaja. T\u00eb besosh n\u00eb pun\u00ebn ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e panevojshme, por kontrolli \u2014 kurr\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abKomunikoni\u00bb<\/b>. N\u00ebse problemi nuk zgjidhet, pyesni koleg\u00ebt tuaj n\u00ebse ata kan\u00eb hasur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb. D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb aplikoni nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb kontestueshme \u2014 merrni mendimin e koleg\u00ebve. Ndoshta ata do t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Nuk jeni t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr veprimet tuaja \u2014 diskutoni ato me koleg\u00ebt. Edhe n\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb fusha juaj ekspertiz\u00eb, nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje e fresk\u00ebt mund t\u00eb sqaroj\u00eb shum\u00eb. Mos hezitoni p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk dini. M\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb marr\u00eb, t\u00eb dukeni budalla dhe t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, sesa t\u00eb mos b\u00ebni at\u00eb pyetje, t\u00eb mos merrni nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje dhe t\u00eb mbeteni budalla.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abMos refuzo ndihm\u00ebn pa arsye\u00bb<\/b>. Ky pik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb anasjellja e pik\u00ebs paraardh\u00ebse. N\u00ebse ju b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb marr\u00eb \u2014 sqaron dhe shpjegoni. N\u00ebse k\u00ebrkohet di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur \u2014 shpjegoni pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur dhe ofroni alternativa. N\u00ebse nuk keni koh\u00eb (realisht nuk keni koh\u00eb, e jo d\u00ebshir\u00eb) \u2014 thuajeni se keni nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe shum\u00eb pun\u00eb, por do t\u00eb merremi m\u00eb von\u00eb. N\u00ebse koleg\u00ebt tuaj nuk kan\u00eb detyra urgjente, ofroni t\u00eb kontaktoni ata dhe delegoni \u00e7\u00ebshtjen.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abLe t\u00eb japim feedback\u00bb<\/b>. Disa e koleg\u00ebve filluan t\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb nj\u00eb metodologji t\u00eb re ose nj\u00eb skript t\u00eb ri, dhe ju po p\u00ebrballeni me pasoja negative t\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendimi? Njoftoni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ndoshta problemi zgjidhet me tre rreshta kod ose pes\u00eb minuta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi t\u00eb metodologjis\u00eb. Hasni nj\u00eb defekt n\u00eb softuer? Njoftoni p\u00ebr defektin. N\u00ebse ai riprodhohet ose nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb riprodhohet, shanset jan\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb zgjidhet. Shprehini d\u00ebshirat, propozimet dhe kritik\u00ebn konstruktive, diskutoni pyetje n\u00ebse mendoni se jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. <\/li>\n<li><b>\u00abK\u00ebrkoni feedback\u00bb<\/b>. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne nuk jemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur, ashtu si\u00e7 nuk jan\u00eb as zgjidhjet tona, dhe m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e zgjidhjes tuaj \u00ebsht\u00eb ta diskutoni at\u00eb. Keni optimizuar di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr klientin \u2014 k\u00ebrkoni q\u00eb t\u00eb ndjekin pun\u00ebn, ndoshta \u00abgryk\u00ebzimi\u00bb i sistemit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aty ku e keni k\u00ebrkuar. Keni shkruar nj\u00eb skript ndihm\u00ebs \u2014 tregojeni koleg\u00ebve, ndoshta ata do t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse i aplikoni k\u00ebto praktika vazhdimisht, shumica e problemeve nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb probleme: jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb minimizoni numrin e gabimeve dhe d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb tua, por gjithashtu do t\u00eb keni mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb korrigjoni gabimet (n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kopjeve rezerv\u00eb dhe koleg\u00ebve q\u00eb do t'ju sugjerojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb kopje rezerv\u00eb). M\u00eb pas vijn\u00eb detajet teknike, ku, si\u00e7 dihet, q\u00ebndron djalli.<\/p>\n<p>Mjetet kryesore me t\u00eb cilat do t'ju duhet t\u00eb punoni p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50% t\u00eb koh\u00ebs \u2014 grep dhe vim. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb? K\u00ebrkimi dhe redaktimi i tekstit. Megjithat\u00eb, grep dhe vim jan\u00eb mjete shum\u00ebfunksionale t\u00eb fuqishme q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni dhe t\u00eb redaktoni tekstin efikasisht. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb editor i Windows si notepad do t'ju lej\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb shkruani ose t\u00eb fshini nj\u00eb rresht, n\u00eb vim mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni pothuajse \u00e7do gj\u00eb me tekstin. Nuk e besoni? Thirrni komand\u00ebn vimtutor nga terminali dhe filloni t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni. Sa i p\u00ebrket grep, forca e tij kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shprehjet e rregullta. Po, vete mjeti lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni kushtet e k\u00ebrkimit dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nxjerra mjaft fleksib\u00ebl, por pa RegExp nuk ka shum\u00eb kuptim. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb njihni shprehjet e rregullta! T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel bazik. P\u00ebr fillim, do t'ju rekomandoja t\u00eb shikoni k\u00ebt\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KJG1dETacLI\">video<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhen bazat e shprehjeve t\u00eb rregullta dhe aplikimi i tyre s\u00eb bashku me grep. Ah, po, kur i kombinoni me vim, merrni fuqin\u00eb ULTIMATE p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb me tekstin gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tilla saq\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb i duhet ta sh\u00ebnoni me etiketat 18+.<\/p>\n<p>Nga 50% e mbetur, 40% i takojn\u00eb paket\u00ebs s\u00eb mjeteve coreutils. P\u00ebr coreutils, mund t\u00eb shihni list\u00ebn n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_Coreutils\">wiki<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe manuali p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb list\u00ebn ndodhet n\u00eb faqen e internetit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/manual\/html_node\/\">GNU<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00c7far\u00eb nuk mbulohet nga ky set, ndodhet n\u00eb utilitar\u00ebt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.opengroup.org\/onlinepubs\/9699919799\/idx\/utilities.html\">POSIX<\/a><\/noindex>. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme ta mbani mend p\u00ebrmend\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7el\u00ebsat, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme t\u00eb dini se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb mjetet kryesore \u2014 ndihmon. Nuk do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shpikni bi\u00e7ikleta nga krufat. Dikur, m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja shenjat e rehatit me hap\u00ebsira n\u00eb daljen nga nj\u00eb utilitar, dhe mendja e s\u00ebmur\u00eb krijoi nj\u00eb konstruksion t\u00eb till\u00eb <code>sed ':a;N;$!ba;s\/n\/ \/g'<\/code>, kolegu q\u00eb erdhi e largoi me nj\u00eb metel\u00eb nga consola, dhe pastaj zgjidhi problemin duke shkruar <code>tr 'n' ' '<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator t\u00eb ri: si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh rendin nga kaosi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/c6a90b20b708046e3b70c2824bc5b785.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDo t\u00eb rekomandoja t\u00eb mbani mend se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebn \u00e7do mjet i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe \u00e7el\u00ebsat p\u00ebr komandat m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura, p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr ka man. Mos hezitoni t\u00eb th\u00ebrrisni man n\u00ebse keni dyshime p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka. Dhe sigurohuni t\u00eb lexoni man p\u00ebr man \u2014 p\u00ebrmban informacion t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb gjeni.<\/p>\n<p>Duke ditur k\u00ebto mjete, do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjidhni n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb detyrave me t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeni n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. N\u00eb leksionet n\u00eb vijim, do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se kur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim k\u00ebto mjete dhe strukturat e sh\u00ebrbimeve themelore dhe aplikacioneve p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat aplikohet.<\/p>\n<p>I was with you, the system administrator of FirstVDS, Kirill Tsvetkov.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/first\/blog\/472810\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 FirstVDS, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u044f \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 FirstVDS, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 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my short course designed to assist new colleagues. Specialists who have recently begun working in system administration face a number of common problems. To provide solutions, I took it upon myself to write this series of lectures. 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