{"id":40723,"date":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator"},"modified":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","slug":"professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","title":{"rendered":"Professio: administrator sistemesh","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rar\u00eb q\u00eb nga brezi i vjet\u00ebr d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb fjal\u00ebt magjike p\u00ebr \"nj\u00eb regjistrim t\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb librin e pun\u00ebs\". N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, kemi hasur histori t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme: marangoz \u2014 marangoz i nivelit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u2014 mjesht\u00ebr i pun\u00ebtoris\u00eb \u2014 shefi i turnit \u2014 inxhiner i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u2014 drejtor i fabrik\u00ebs. Kjo nuk mund t\u00eb mos na impresionoj\u00eb ne, brezi yn\u00eb, i cili ndryshon pun\u00ebn nj\u00eb, dy, madje e kur m\u00eb, pes\u00eb dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00eb. Ne kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb mos ndryshojm\u00eb thjesht kompanin\u00eb, por po ashtu t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb profesionin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatemi n\u00eb t\u00eb mjaft shpejt. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e dukshme n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e IT-it, ku hasen transferime mjaft t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme t\u00eb karrier\u00ebs dhe ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e karrier\u00ebs, si lart ashtu edhe posht\u00eb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Duke v\u00ebzhguar k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, ne kuptuam se udh\u00ebzuesi i profesioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb i k\u00ebrkuar jo vet\u00ebm nga nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit q\u00eb po zgjedhin universitetin, por edhe nga t\u00eb rriturit q\u00eb po zgjedhin rrug\u00ebn. Prandaj vendos\u00ebm t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr profesionet kryesore q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e IT-it. Fillojm\u00eb me at\u00eb q\u00eb na \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt \u2014 administratorin e sistemit.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Professio: administrator sistemesh\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/63eb779ecfaa492875847cb33e7df1b7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>E gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb ai?<\/h2>\n<p>\nAdministrator i sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb specialist q\u00eb merret me konfigurimin, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin dhe mb\u00ebshtetjen e infrastruktur\u00ebs IT t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pajisjet, periferit\u00eb, softuerin dhe lidhjet rrjet. A nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim shum\u00eb formal?<\/p>\n<p>Ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebn nj\u00eb administrator sistemi varet nga madh\u00ebsia e kompanis\u00eb, fusha e aktivitetit, p\u00ebrvoja dhe aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e administratorit vet\u00eb. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim, m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb nxjerrim lloje specifike t\u00eb administrator\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemeve.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enikej \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb administrator sistemi fillestar q\u00eb kryen funksione bazike n\u00eb konfigurimin e pajisjeve dhe softuerit. Zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs i administratorit t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose admin n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, jo IT q\u00eb zgjidh incidente t\u00eb tanishme.<\/li>\n<li>Administrator sistemi (ai gjithashtu njihet si admin i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb specialist me profile t\u00eb gjer\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr funksionimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe pa probleme t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT, kryen monitorimin, b\u00ebn inventarizimin, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdoruesve, merret me rrjetet etj. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Zot me shum\u00eb duar dhe shum\u00eb kok\u00eb i infrastruktur\u00ebs IT, i cili merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr detyrat p\u00ebr sigurimin e gjith\u00eb aktivitetit IT t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm gati n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kompanit\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Arkitekt i sistemesh \u2014 nj\u00eb specialist q\u00eb projektehet infrastruktur\u00ebn IT dhe arkitektur\u00ebn e rrjetit n\u00eb korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/li>\n<li>Administrator rrjeti \u2014 specialist q\u00eb merret me konfigurimin dhe zhvillimin e rrjeteve fizike dhe logjike n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani, si dhe me menaxhimin e sistemeve t\u00eb faturimit, llogarive dhe kontrollit t\u00eb trafikut. I k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb DC-t\u00eb, telekomet, bankat, korporatat.<\/li>\n<li>Inxhinier i siguris\u00eb informative \u2014 specialist q\u00eb siguron mbrojtjen e infrastruktur\u00ebs IT n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nivelet. I k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb kompani q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj sulmeve dhe dep\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb rrjet (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb fintech, banka, industri dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, n\u00ebse vendosni t\u00eb b\u00ebheni administrator sistemi, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb planifikoni q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim n\u00eb cilin drejtim do t\u00eb zhvilloheni, sepse n\u00eb pozita si ndihm\u00ebs nuk do t\u00eb ndihmoni familjen dhe nuk do t\u00eb zhvilloni karrier\u00ebn tuaj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Professio: administrator sistemesh\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f8b7725e5f18c02e07173e6fd93bc362.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme?<\/h2>\n<p>\nDo ta ndryshoja p\u00ebrgjigjen se \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme n\u00eb \u00e7do vend, por do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr. Disa menaxher\u00eb t\u00eb biznesit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe mes\u00ebm mendojn\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka mund t\u00eb 'ngjitet' n\u00eb cloud dhe se admini i sistemit mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs q\u00eb vjen her\u00eb pas here. Prandaj, shpesh kompani vuajn\u00eb nga infrastruktur\u00eb IT e dob\u00ebt ( m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht, nj\u00eb kaos IT), por nuk angazhojn\u00eb administratoret e sistemeve. N\u00ebse ju ndihmon t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb till\u00eb, n\u00eb 99% t\u00eb rasteve duhet ta konsideroni pun\u00ebn aty si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ecni p\u00ebrpara, dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 1% t\u00eb rasteve mund t\u00eb arrini ta bindni shefin, t\u00eb b\u00ebheni i paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb mjedis IT t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur me nj\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb dhe menaxhim t\u00eb mir\u00eb (p\u00ebrshkruaj nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb!).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb ku IT \u00ebsht\u00eb fusha kryesore e aktivitetit (hosting, zhvillues dhe t\u00eb tjera) ose ku menaxhon pun\u00ebt operative (sh\u00ebrbime, dyqane online, banka, shitje me pakic\u00eb etj.), admini i sistemeve b\u00ebhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb specialist i k\u00ebrkuar, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zhvillohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ose disa drejtime. Meqen\u00ebse automatizimi vazhdon t\u00eb pushtoj\u00eb kompanit\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur pun\u00eb si admin sistemi n\u00eb nivel fillestar dhe mesatar. Nd\u00ebrsa kur t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb specialist i avancuar, kompanit\u00eb do t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ju, sepse ka shum\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs, por profesionist\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodh kudo, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00eb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb momentin q\u00eb po shkruhet ky artikull <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?divisions%5B%5D=administration&amp;currency=rur\">n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin 'Habr Kariera' ka 67 vende pune<\/a><\/noindex>, i lidhura me administrimin e sistemeve. Dhe ju mund ta shihni se variacioni i \"specializimeve\" \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjer\u00eb: nga punonj\u00ebsi i mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike deri te spe\u00e7ialisti p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e informacionit dhe DevOps. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, puna n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje teknike n\u00eb fillim p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson shum\u00eb shpejt, cil\u00ebsisht dhe thell\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb aft\u00ebsish q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mueshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator sistemi.<\/p>\n<h2>Paga mesatare<\/h2>\n<p>\nPaga do ta shohim p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/salaries\">\u00abHabr Karriere\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00eb marrim pag\u00ebn mesatare pa e ndar\u00eb sipas aft\u00ebsive p\u00ebr \u00abAdministratorin e Sistemit\u00bb dhe p\u00ebr \u00abDevOps\u00bb sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr gjasht\u00ebmujorin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2019. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb specialitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb seksionin \u00abAdministrim\u00bb, dhe ato q\u00eb japin shembuj m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb. T\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Niveli i specialistit<\/p>\n<p>Administrator sistemi<\/p>\n<p>DevOps<\/p>\n<p>stazh (intern)<\/p>\n<p>25,900 rub.<\/p>\n<p>nuk ka stazhier\u00ebve<\/p>\n<p>i ri (junior)<\/p>\n<p>32,560 rub.<\/p>\n<p>69,130 rub.<\/p>\n<p>mesatar (middle)<\/p>\n<p>58,822 rub.<\/p>\n<p>112,756 rub.<\/p>\n<p>i avancuar (senior)<\/p>\n<p>82,710 rub.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>146,445 rub.<\/p>\n<p>i lider (lead)<\/p>\n<p>86,507 rub.<\/p>\n<p>197,561 rub.<\/p>\n<p>Numrat, natyrisht, jan\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna duke marr\u00eb parasysh Mosk\u00ebn, n\u00eb rajone situata \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb skrom\u00eb, por, ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristike, proporcionet jan\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. Dhe m\u00eb duket e drejt\u00eb kjo diferenc\u00eb, sepse DevOps jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar n\u00eb aft\u00ebsi (n\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr devops t\u00eb kanonit, e jo p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm emrin).<\/p>\n<p>E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb rekomandoja, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb merrni junior devops pas universitetit. Djemt\u00eb teoretik\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar dev as ops, duken mjaft t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb fillim, zhvillohen dob\u00ebt p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb moskuptimit se ku duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb dhe sigurisht q\u00eb nuk ia vlen shuma e parave q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb. N\u00eb specializimet e ngushta duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb administrues t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs, q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar zjarri, uji, tubat e bronzit, bash dhe skriptet PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00ebrkesat baz\u00eb p\u00ebr profesionistin<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator sistemi ndryshojn\u00eb nga kompania n\u00eb kompani (disa kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr njohuri t\u00eb 1C, 1C-Bitrix, Kubernetes, e cila DBMS etj.), por ka disa k\u00ebrkesa baz\u00eb q\u00eb ndoshta do t\u00eb nevojiten n\u00eb cdo kompani.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Njohuri dhe kuptim i modelit t\u00eb rrjetit OSI, protokolleve themelore.<\/li>\n<li>Administrimi i sistemit operativ Windows dhe\/apo Unix, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb politikat e grupit, menaxhimin e siguris\u00eb, krijimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve, qasje t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, pun\u00ebn me komand\u00ebn dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera.<\/li>\n<li>Skriptimi bash, PowerShell, q\u00eb lejon automatizimin dhe optimizimin e detyrave rutin\u00eb t\u00eb administrimit t\u00eb sistemeve.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Riparim dhe mir\u00ebmbajtje t\u00eb PC-ve, pajisjeve server dhe periferik\u00ebve.<\/li>\n<li>Pun\u00eb me konfigurimin dhe routing-un e rrjeteve kompjuterike.<\/li>\n<li>Pun\u00eb me serverat e post\u00ebs dhe serverat e telefonis\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Instalimi i programeve dhe aplikacioneve t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<li>Monitorimi i rrjetit dhe infrastruktur\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb baza q\u00eb duhen t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb mir\u00eb e t\u00eb sigurt. Dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb sa duket: pas \u00e7do pike q\u00ebndron nj\u00eb mori triksesh, sekretesh mjeshtrie, mjeteve software, udh\u00ebzimesh dhe manualesh. N\u00eb fakt, puna me vet\u00eb-arritjen me nj\u00eb angazhim t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e zakonshme zgjat t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Professio: administrator sistemesh\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3ccce68de58c3844296f07bf46085fa5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>M\u00ebsoni k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb kuptoni k\u00ebt\u00eb shaka.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Cilat jan\u00eb cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme personale<\/h2>\n<p>\nAdministratori i sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb specialist q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i izoluar n\u00eb kompani dhe n\u00eb mjedisin profesional. Ai duhet t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb vazhdimisht me njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebr telefon dhe personalisht, prandaj do t'i duhet t\u00eb luftoj\u00eb me tiparet introvert.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rezistent ndaj stresit \u2014 p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me sjelljen jo t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, volum t\u00eb madh pune dhe komunikim me menaxhmentin;<\/li>\n<li>i aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer shum\u00eb detyra \u2014 zakonisht, menaxhimi i infrastruktur\u00ebs IT n\u00ebnkupton pun\u00eb aktive me mjete t\u00eb ndryshme, zgjidhjen e disa detyrave n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, trajtimin e disa incidenteve nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht;<\/li>\n<li>i aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar koh\u00ebn \u2014 vet\u00ebm planifikimi i rrept\u00eb do t'ju shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb nga d\u00ebshtimet, pun\u00ebt q\u00eb d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb dhe afatet e detyrave;<\/li>\n<li>i komunikuesh\u00ebm \u2014 n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoj\u00eb, analizoj\u00eb dhe kuptoj\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thonin p\u00ebrdoruesit (ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb);<\/li>\n<li>i mendjes teknike \u2014 ndjesh\u00ebm, pa aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar inxhinierikisht, sistematikisht dhe algoritmikisht n\u00eb administrimin e sistemeve, nuk ka \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Nevoja p\u00ebr njohjen e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse kompania ka k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr njohuri gjuh\u00ebsore dhe ato zbatohen p\u00ebr specialist\u00ebt, at\u00ebher\u00eb administrator\u00ebt e sistemit duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushin k\u00ebto rregulla (p\u00ebr shembull, kompania ofron sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr kompani t\u00eb huaja). Por n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, administratori i sistemit duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb komandat bazike dhe mesazhet sistemore n\u00eb anglisht \u2014 p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e mjafton kjo.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb rritesh n\u00eb karrier\u00eb, t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh certifikata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Cisco, dhe t\u00eb kuptosh teknologjit\u00eb e avancuara si i pari, do t\u00eb nevojitesh nj\u00eb nivel anglishteje jo m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se Upper Intermediate. E rekomandoj shum\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb investim n\u00eb zhvillimin profesional, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel fantastik, \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e realizueshme edhe pa aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h2>Ku t\u00eb studiohet<\/h2>\n<p>\nProfesioni i administratorit t\u00eb sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka k\u00ebrkesa specifike p\u00ebr arsimim p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb specializim, pasi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk ka fakultet specifik p\u00ebr administrat\u00ebn e sistemeve. N\u00eb thelb, gjith\u00e7ka varet nga ti \u2014 nga gatishm\u00ebria jote p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar teorin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me praktik\u00ebn, duke p\u00ebrdorur sisteme operative (Windows dhe Unix), pjes\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme dhe sigurin\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, komputeri yt duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet laboratori yt\u00eb i m\u00ebsimit (madje m\u00eb mir\u00eb, n\u00ebse ke nj\u00eb aparat t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto detyra, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb procesi t\u00eb mos pengoj\u00eb pun\u00ebn dhe studimin t\u00ebnd).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb thuash se administratori i sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb profesion pa shkollim dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00eb-m\u00ebsuesit \u2014 n\u00eb koh\u00ebt tona \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht krim, sepse ne shohim nivelin e administrator\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemit q\u00eb paguhen mir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb grup baz\u00eb \"klasik\" q\u00eb do t\u00eb t\u00eb nevojitet.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Edukimi baz\u00eb, idealisht teknik, do t\u00eb t\u00eb jap\u00eb kuptimin e parimeve t\u00eb mendimit algoritmik, inxhinieris\u00eb, elektronik\u00ebs etj. Ai do ta leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb shum\u00eb kuptimin e profesionit dhe do ta p\u00ebrshpejtoj\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e tij. Gjithashtu, nuk duhet harruar se p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve rus\u00eb, diploma mbetet nj\u00eb dokument i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm gjat\u00eb pranimit n\u00eb pun\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Nj\u00eb ose disa certifikata Cisco do t\u00eb forcojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tua dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb q\u00eb CV-ja jote t\u00eb jet\u00eb konkurruese. P\u00ebr shembull, Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) \u2014 niveli i par\u00eb i inxhinierit teknik t\u00eb mjeteve rrjet Cisco ose Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching \u2014 nj\u00eb nga certifikatat baz\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit fillestar. Me Cisco do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballesh pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do kompani, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb ato t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, kjo certifikat\u00eb profesionale \u2014 n\u00eb thelb standardi i art\u00eb i pun\u00ebs n\u00eb rrjet. M\u00eb von\u00eb mund t\u00eb \"marr\u00ebsh\" nivelet e tjera, por, me nj\u00eb sekret do t\u00eb them, tashm\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit \ud83d\ude09<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb profilit tuaj t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb merrni certifikata p\u00ebr sisteme operative, siguri, rrjete etj. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dokumente q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen v\u00ebrtet nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe nga p\u00ebrvoja ime them se gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes p\u00ebr provimet, thelloheni plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb tem\u00eb. N\u00ebse nuk studioni vet\u00eb, por kufizoheni vet\u00ebm me m\u00ebsimet e kursit, \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pamundur t\u00eb kaloni provimin.<\/li>\n<li>Ka edhe nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb arsimimit \u2014 kurse komplekse p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve Windows dhe Unix. Natyrisht, shum\u00eb varet nga m\u00ebsuesi dhe nga organizata baz\u00eb q\u00eb organizon kursin, por cil\u00ebsia e kursit mund t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjej\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht. Megjithat\u00eb, me nj\u00eb fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb, ky kurs mund t\u00eb sistematizoj\u00eb mir\u00eb njohurit\u00eb, duke i renditur ato n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrfundimisht vendosni t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb arsimim t\u00eb till\u00eb shtes\u00eb, zgjidhni nj\u00eb universitet korporativ, ku leksionet dhe praktika jepen nga profesionist\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, jo nga teoretik\u00eb t\u00eb viteve '90.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAdministratori i sistemeve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb profesion q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon m\u00ebsim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb e reja, mjetet e mbrojtjes, sistemet e menaxhimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT etj. Pa nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb materiale t\u00eb reja, do t\u00eb humbni shpejt kualifikimin tuaj dhe vler\u00ebn n\u00eb treg.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk do t\u00eb arrini dot t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoni nga baza dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb profesionist i shk\u00eblqyer \u2014 pa njohuri mbi arkitektur\u00ebn e PC-ve, servers, kuptimin e principeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb softuer\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve dhe atij sh\u00ebrbim, sistemeve operative, asgj\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb. Prandaj, p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb aktual se kurr\u00eb th\u00ebnie \u00abfilloni nga fillimi\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2>Librat dhe mjetet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Klasik\u00ebt jan\u00eb Andrew Tanenbaum: \u00abArkitektura e kompjuterit\u00bb, \u00abRrjetet kompjuterike\u00bb, \u00abSistemet operative moderne\u00bb. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb tri libra t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb megjithat\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar disa botime, lexohen leht\u00eb dhe kuptohen qart\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, disa administrator\u00eb sistemesh e fillojn\u00eb dashurin\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn pik\u00ebrisht nga k\u00ebto libra.<\/li>\n<li>T. Limoncelli, K. Hogan \u00abPraktika e administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemeve dhe rrjeteve\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr fantastik p\u00ebr sistematizimin e njohurive t\u00eb nj\u00eb administratori sistemi t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, Limoncelli ka shum\u00eb libra t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>R. Pike, B. Kernighan \u00abUnix. Ambienti i programimit\u00bb, dhe libra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Kernighan<\/li>\n<li>Noah Gift \"Python n\u00eb administrimin e sistemeve UNIX dhe Linux\" - nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr i shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr adhuruesit e automatizimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb administrator\u00ebve.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 librave, manualet e prodhuesve, ndihma e nd\u00ebrtuar brenda sistemeve operative dhe aplikacioneve, instruksionet dhe rregulloret do t'ju vijn\u00eb n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb \u2014 zakonisht atje mund t\u00eb gjeni \u00e7do informacion t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm. Dhe po, shpesh ato jan\u00eb n\u00eb anglisht dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt n\u00eb lokalizimin n\u00eb rusisht.<\/p>\n<p>Po ashtu, Habr dhe forumet e specializuara jan\u00eb nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve t\u00eb \u00e7do niveli. Kur m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb m\u00ebsoja shkenc\u00ebn e Windows Server 2012, Habr ishte nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje e fort\u00eb - at\u00ebher\u00eb u njoha m\u00eb af\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<h2>E ardhmja e administratorit<\/h2>\n<p>\nKam d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr degradimin e profesionit t\u00eb administratorit t\u00eb sistemit dhe argumentet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb dob\u00ebta: robot\u00ebt do ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb pun\u00ebn, reja garanton funksionimin pa administrator, etj. Pyetja se kush e administron rejen, p\u00ebr shembull, nga ana e ofruesit, mbetet e hapur. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, profesioni i administratorit t\u00eb sistemit nuk po degradohet, p\u00ebrkundrazi, po transformohet drejt komplikuarjes dhe universialitetit. Prandaj n\u00ebse e keni zgjedhur k\u00ebt\u00eb, para jush hapen disa rrug\u00eb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DevOps ose DevSecOps - nj\u00eb specializim n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e zhvillimit, administrat\u00ebs dhe siguris\u00eb. Aktualisht, v\u00ebmendja p\u00ebr DevOps po rritet dhe ky trend do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb, duke u zhvilluar drejt konteinerizimit, aplikacioneve dhe sistemeve t\u00eb ngarkuara, arkitektur\u00ebs mikrosh\u00ebrbimeve, etj. Studiojeni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa duket si e ardhmja m\u00eb e prioritet.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Siguria e informacionit - nj\u00eb drejtim tjet\u00ebr zhvillimi. N\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb specialist\u00ebt e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb informacionit ishin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb telekomunikacione dhe banka, tani ata nevojiten pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do kompani IT. Ky sektor \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar, do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb njohuri n\u00eb zhvillim, sisteme krimi dhe mbrojtjeje - kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb thell\u00eb se instalimi i nj\u00eb antivirus dhe konfigurimi i nj\u00eb firewalla. Dhe, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e informacionit ka specialitete t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb universitetet, prandaj n\u00ebse jeni n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb regjistroheni menj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr profilin, e n\u00ebse jeni \"m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr\", mund t\u00eb shqyrtoni masterin p\u00ebr thellimin e njohurive dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>CTO, CIO \u2014 pozita drejtuese n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e IT-s\u00eb ose n\u00eb departamentet IT t\u00eb kompanive. Nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mendimit sistemor dhe dashuris\u00eb p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb, kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsi menaxheriale dhe financiare. Do t\u00eb udh\u00ebheqni gjith\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn IT, do t\u00eb realizoni implementime komplekse, do t\u00eb ndihmoni n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e arkitekturave p\u00ebr biznesin, dhe kjo, natyrisht, paguhet shum\u00eb mir\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 tregon praktika, CTO\/CIO n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb negociuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb arsyetuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar buxhetet, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e madhe dhe nervoziz\u00ebm i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb hap\u00ebsh biznesin t\u00ebnd. P\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb merresh me sistemin e administrat\u00ebs dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb si nj\u00eb faktor jasht\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, do t\u00eb jesh n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb organizosh orarin t\u00ebnd, planifikosh fitimet dhe angazhimin, t'u ofrosh sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb i b\u00ebn ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht mir\u00eb. Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00ebtim i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, si n\u00eb aspektin e t\u00ebrheqjes dhe mbajtjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb baze klient\u00ebsh, ashtu edhe n\u00eb menaxhim, financa dhe ligj.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSigurisht, mund t\u00eb kalosh n\u00eb telekomunikacion, n\u00eb zhvillim, n\u00eb menaxher\u00eb t\u00eb shitjeve p\u00ebr produkte teknologjikisht komplekse (p\u00ebr t'u th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e shtrenjt\u00eb!), dhe n\u00eb marketing \u2014 gjith\u00e7ka varet nga prirjet dhe kuptimi yt p\u00ebr specializimin. Por mund t\u00eb mbetesh nj\u00eb administrues sistemi i shk\u00eblqyer dhe t\u00eb tejkalosh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb pag\u00eb dhe aft\u00ebsi. Por p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen ambicia jote, p\u00ebrvoja jote dhe kuptimi nga drejtuesit e kompanis\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT (dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb realisht nj\u00eb raritet i madh).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Mitet e profesiones<\/h2>\n<p>\nSi \u00e7do profesion tjet\u00ebr, administrimi sistemor rrethohet nga mite. Me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi do t'i shp\u00ebrb\u00ebj m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshmit.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sistemi i administrat\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb profesion pun\u00ebtor. Jo, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb intelektuale dhe komplekse me shum\u00eb detyra dhe ngarkesa, sepse n\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne infrastruktura IT ka shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi n\u00eb \u00e7do kompani.<\/li>\n<li>Administruesit e sistemeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar. Jo, ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm \u2014 sipas karakterit t\u00eb personit. Por ata v\u00ebrtet irritohen nga p\u00ebrdoruesit q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb problemin ose, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mendojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb gati haker\u00eb dhe para se t\u00eb th\u00ebrrasin ndihm\u00eb, e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb problemin.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Professio: administrator sistemesh\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0b2645440f2e449cd821dfa7181c0476.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar, por t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm!<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Administratoret e sistemeve nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb. N\u00ebse nuk d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb kaloni gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn tuaj duke \"riparuar pajisje\" dhe duke u marr\u00eb me gj\u00ebra bazike si instalimi i antivirus\u00ebve dhe programeve t\u00eb tjera, duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni vazhdimisht, si vet\u00eb, ashtu edhe n\u00eb kurse profesionale t\u00eb certifikuara. Nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb e lart\u00eb do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtimin e procesit t\u00eb vet\u00eb-m\u00ebsimit dhe t\u00eb kuptuarit t\u00eb informacionit teknik t\u00eb komplikuar.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Administratoret e sistemeve jan\u00eb dembel\u00eb. Oh, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb miti im i preferuar! Nj\u00eb administratori i mir\u00eb i sistemit punon me mjete t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT dhe mban t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sistemin n\u00eb rregull. Kjo k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe kohe, shpeshher\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb pun\u00eb jasht\u00eb orarit, por pamja e jashtme, po, duket se administratori thjesht q\u00ebndron p\u00ebrpara kompjuterit, ashtu si t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne. N\u00eb syt\u00eb e nj\u00eb njer\u00ebzore duket e pap\u00ebrshtatshme: administratori duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i rrethuar nga kabllot dhe t\u00eb kontrolle me ngarkues dhe shtruer t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb. Nonsense, p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, askush nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i pafajsh\u00ebm \u2014 por nj\u00eb administratori i dembel e ndjeni menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebn tuaj.<\/li>\n<li>Administratoret e sistemeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb paorganizuar, veshin pulovera t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb mjekra. Pamja e administratorit t\u00eb sistemit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e diktuar nga asnj\u00eb standard dhe varet ekskluzivisht nga preferencat e tij personale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPor n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi ka nj\u00eb far\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do shaka dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve jan\u00eb djem t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, interesant\u00eb, me nj\u00eb stil komunikimi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Me ta gjithmon\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjeni nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00ebshilli kryesor<\/h2>\n<p>\nNuk ka mrekulli dhe nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebheni super administrator sistemi n\u00ebse q\u00ebndroni n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe b\u00ebni pun\u00eb bazike. Ju do t\u00eb digjeni, do t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjeheni nga profesioni dhe do t\u00eb thoni se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb puna m\u00eb e keqe n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Prandaj \u2014 zhvillohuni, ndryshoni pun\u00eb, mos e shmangi p\u00ebrshtatjen me detyra interesante dhe t\u00eb komplikuara \u2014 dhe ashtu si\u00e7 do ta vini re veten, do t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb profesionist i vler\u00ebsuar dhe me pag\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>P.S.:<\/b> N\u00eb komentet ne si gjithmon\u00eb presim k\u00ebshilla nga administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe histori p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ju ka ndihmuar n\u00eb karrier\u00eb, si keni arritur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb doni n\u00eb t\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb jo. Si \u00ebsht\u00eb administrimi i sistemeve n\u00eb vitin 2020?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Professio: administrator sistemesh\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/98f515cd3ee1bc84d2d960e9d3c316b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0435\u00bb. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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