{"id":41564,"date":"2020-02-11T20:44:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T17:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom"},"modified":"2020-02-11T20:44:15","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T17:44:15","slug":"skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/skolko-mozhet-dlitsya-dolgostroj-kotoromu-suzhdeno-stat-shedevrom","title":{"rendered":"Sa shum\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim i gjat\u00eb, i destinuar t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kompania jon\u00eb \u00abINSISTEMS\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimet e m\u00ebdha dhe t\u00eb vogla. Ne kemi shkruar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb Habr rreth projekteve tona t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe sot ofrojm\u00eb t\u00eb reflektojm\u00eb mbi nd\u00ebrtimet grandioze t\u00eb epokave t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb cilat zgjat\u00ebn, sipas parametrave t\u00eb sot\u00ebm, shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb, por p\u00ebrfundimisht k\u00ebto objekte u b\u00ebn\u00eb monumente t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\"SaBurimi<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar m\u00eb par\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00ebse e shkurtojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e zhvillimit t\u00eb teknologjive t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb tre etapa n\u00eb frym\u00ebn e \"ardhi, pa, fitoi\", do t\u00eb del: njeriu zbuloi se nga oksidi mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet metal, shpiku betonin, ndau buldozerin. Shk\u00ebmbimi i shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb mekanizmave q\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuan ndjesh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrtimin ndodhi n\u00eb shekullin XX. Para k\u00ebsaj, puna manuale mbetej e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim. N\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve ishin rrotat prej druri, levat dhe mekanizmat ngrit\u00ebse. Zakonisht, teknika nd\u00ebrtimore \u00ebsht\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb vendin e nd\u00ebrtimit, dhe pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha mjetet ishin elementare dhe nuk ndikuan ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb produktivitet, p\u00ebrshpejtimi i nd\u00ebrtimit mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes forc\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb shtuar, q\u00eb ishte e pamundur pa buxhete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. K\u00ebto para shp\u00ebrndaheshin, para s\u00eb gjithash, p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e tempujve dhe katedraleve. K\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqeshin aq shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz sa nevojiteshin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb rekord. P\u00ebr shembull, Katedralja e Sh\u00ebn Sofis\u00eb n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb (537 d.C.) u nd\u00ebrtua p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm 6 vjet, q\u00eb n\u00eb ato koh\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi e pamundur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tempull me lart\u00ebsi 55,6 m. Por gjat\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 6 vjet\u00ebve punuan 10,000 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7mimi i nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi grandioz, i cili u b\u00eb simbol i Stambollit. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 vjet kjo katedrale mbeti m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e krishter\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb kushtonte jo vet\u00ebm forca pun\u00ebtore, por edhe materialet nd\u00ebrtimore. Historian\u00ebt shkruajn\u00eb se nd\u00ebrtimi i strukturave fetare ishte shum\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, studiuesi amerikan Henry Krauss e krahasoi lla\u00e7in e nd\u00ebrtimit me arin dhe e mori k\u00ebt\u00eb metafor\u00eb p\u00ebr titullin e librit t\u00eb tij Gold was the mortar: The economics of cathedral building. Ky lib\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson studimet e tij mbi financimin e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb disa katedraleve evropiane gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs mesjetare.<\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb \"nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb art\u00eb\" n\u00eb \u00e7do vend - dhe n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb (katedralja e njohur Sagrada Fam\u00edlia), dhe n\u00eb Kamboxhi (Angkor Wat), dhe n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, dhe, sigurisht, n\u00eb Rusi. Projekte t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb t\u00eb merituara p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar list\u00ebn e mrekullive t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, dhe, pavar\u00ebsisht se sa zgjatet nd\u00ebrtimi i tyre, p\u00ebrfundimisht p\u00ebrfundoi (pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Sa mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb projekti grandioz, i merituar t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb monument i arkitektur\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore?<\/p>\n

Mur i Madh Kinez - 2000 vjet<\/h2>\n

\n\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrtimet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb bot\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtimi i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs zgjati m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2000 vjet. N\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e murit kalojn\u00eb shkret\u00ebtira dhe lumenj, male dhe fusha. Nd\u00ebrtimi i murit filloi n\u00eb shekullin III para Krishtit dhe p\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb mesin e shekullit XVII pas Krishtit. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, deri n\u00eb 300,000 njer\u00ebz punonin mbi nd\u00ebrtimin e murit, dhe gjithsej deri n\u00eb 2 milion njer\u00ebz jan\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sasia e l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura matet n\u00eb miliona ton. Gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt zakonisht merrnin materialet n\u00eb vend. Muret ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb nga r\u00ebra, dhe p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri hap\u00ebsira midis dy mureve ishte mbushur me canne dhe mbi. N\u00eb male, muri u nd\u00ebrtua nga shk\u00ebmbinj dhe minerale t\u00eb ndryshme. Kalonin shekujt, teknologjit\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoheshin, materiale t\u00eb reja shfaqeshin. Pjes\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb murit, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara nga dinastia Ming, jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga tullat dhe lla\u00e7i i nd\u00ebrtimit - ashtu si\u00e7 e b\u00ebjm\u00eb ne sot.<\/p>\n

Fakt interesant<\/b>: disa mendojn\u00eb se muri \u00ebsht\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm nga hap\u00ebsira, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb thashethem q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb hedhur posht\u00eb disa her\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sagrada Fam\u00edlia - m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 137 vjet<\/h2>\n

\nJemi t\u00eb sigurt se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimet e para q\u00eb ju kujtohet kur lexoni titullin e artikullit. Projekti i Antoni Gaudi po vazhdon akoma. Guri i par\u00eb i bazilik\u00ebs u vendos n\u00eb vitin 1882. N\u00eb vitin e vdekjes s\u00eb Gaudi - n\u00eb 1926 - katedralja ishte nd\u00ebrtuar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb katror, dhe do t\u00eb ishte simbolike po t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte nd\u00ebrtimi n\u00eb 100-vjetorin e vdekjes.<\/p>\n

Sagrada ka faqen e saj zyrtare<\/a><\/noindex>, ku mund t\u00eb shihni nj\u00eb parashikim optimist p\u00ebr at\u00eb se katedralja mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XXI. Supozohet se tani godina \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb 70% dhe arriti lart\u00ebsin\u00eb 90,1 metra (nd\u00ebrsa \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar 172,5 m).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faqe mund t\u00eb lidhni n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb me kamer\u00ebn online dhe vet\u00eb t\u00eb kontrolloni se si po zhvillohet nd\u00ebrtimi ose restaurimi.<\/p>\n

\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skic\u00eb arkivore nga viti 1892, paraqiten disa ngrit\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kript\u00ebs s\u00eb tempullit t\u00eb Familjes Shenjte. Kjo konstrukcion prej druri paraqet nj\u00eb sistem pulle me kthetra \u2013 ky tip ngrit\u00ebsi u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga roman\u00ebt dhe mund t\u00eb ngrinte deri n\u00eb 2.5 ton.<\/p>\n

Fakt interesant<\/b>: autoritetet e Barcelon\u00ebs raportuan se nuk ka asnj\u00eb regjistrim p\u00ebr lej\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb vitin 1885. Dhe ja, 137 vjet pas fillimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, qyteti iu dha nd\u00ebrtuesve nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb q\u00eb vlejti deri n\u00eb vitin 2026. T\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb lutje: ata duhet ta arrijn\u00eb!<\/p>\n

Angkor Wat (Kamboxhia) \u2013 37 vjet<\/h2>\n

\n\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Angkor Wat u nd\u00ebrtua midis viteve 1113 dhe 1150 t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb. Thuhet se ky tempull nuk u nd\u00ebrtua p\u00ebr 4 dekada, por p\u00ebr 4 shekuj, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb. Mungesa e p\u00ebrputhjes me datat e nd\u00ebrtimit ndodhi sepse Angkor Wat ishte n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb khmere \u2013 qytetit Angkor, dhe disa besojn\u00eb se vitet e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb qytetit (n\u00eb fakt 400 vjet) jan\u00eb vitet e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb tempullit.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrtesa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb piramid\u00eb me tri nivele, e orientuar n\u00eb per\u00ebndim. Nd\u00ebrtimi i tempullit u krye nga qendra drejt periferis\u00eb. Nga \u00e7do pik\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimi, gjithmon\u00eb shfaqen vet\u00ebm tri kulla nga pes\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb edhe sipas standardeve moderne, Angkor Wat \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mrekulli arkitekture.<\/p>\n

5 milion ton gur\u00eb r\u00ebre, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e tempullit, u t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn 50 km nga kariera m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt nga vet\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt. Rreth 300,000 njer\u00ebz dhe 6,000 elefant\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e k\u00ebsaj mrekullie arkitekture, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjithashtu jan\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb ilustrim.<\/p>\n

Kjo nd\u00ebrtese khmere i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb etape kaluese n\u00eb zhvillimin e teknik\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit: tulla dhe guri riprodhojn\u00eb format dhe stilin e arkitektur\u00ebs prej druri. P\u00ebr shembull, skulpturat n\u00eb mure imitojn\u00eb perde bambuje.<\/p>\n

Fakt interesant<\/b>: kompleksi tempullor n\u00eb Angkor Wat \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i njohur sa q\u00eb kamboxhian\u00ebt madje e vendos\u00ebn imazhin e tij n\u00eb flamurin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Katedralja e Kolonis\u00eb \u2013 632 vjet<\/h2>\n

\n\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

6 shekuj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i denj\u00eb i qasjes gjermane: n\u00ebse do ta b\u00ebsh, b\u00ebje mir\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb. Kur katedralja, e cila u fillua n\u00eb vitin 1248, u p\u00ebrfundua n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX, ajo doli t\u00eb ishte nd\u00ebrtimi m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb (157 m). M\u00eb von\u00eb, ky rekord u thye nga katedralja n\u00eb Ulm (161 m) dhe nga nd\u00ebrtimet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb SHBA. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb sqarojm\u00eb se nd\u00ebrtimi i Katedral\u00ebs s\u00eb Kolonis\u00eb nuk u b\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 632 viteve: n\u00eb vitin 1437 nd\u00ebrtimi u ndal p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb financave dhe teknologjis\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishin p\u00ebrfunduar muret, kori, kulla jugore, dhe baza e an\u00ebs, por \u00e7atia ishte nd\u00ebrtuar keq dhe nuk e mbulonte brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e tempullit nga moti i keq. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar nd\u00ebrtimin e katedral\u00ebs n\u00eb shekullin XIX, duhej t\u00eb shpenzoheshin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 vjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinovuar pjes\u00ebn e saj q\u00eb ishte nd\u00ebrtuar m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Doni t\u00eb pyesni sa kushtoi nd\u00ebrtimi? N\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb para moderne, gjithsej u shpenzua m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 miliard euro. N\u00eb pun\u00ebtorin\u00eb e katedrales punonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 persona, dhe u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn teknologjit\u00eb m\u00eb moderne t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, si sistemi i ngritjes s\u00eb ngarkesave me l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb gjurm\u00ebve ose motor\u00ebt me avull.<\/p>\n

Fakt interesant<\/b>: n\u00eb katedrale jan\u00eb instaluar 11 kampane, nj\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave (Decke Pitter<\/a><\/noindex>) \u00ebsht\u00eb kampana m\u00eb e madhe e funksionueshme n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ajo u derdh n\u00eb vitin 1923 dhe peshon 24 ton.<\/p>\n

Katedralja e Milanos \u2013 579 vjet<\/h2>\n

\n\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kush mund t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb me gjerman\u00ebt n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e nd\u00ebrtesave t\u00eb larta? Sigurisht italian\u00ebt. Katedralja m\u00eb e madhe sipas sip\u00ebrfaqes n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe e pesta n\u00eb bot\u00eb, Katedralja e Milanos u themelua n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit kur lindi skulptori dhe artisti i madh i Rilindjes, Donatello (1386), dhe u p\u00ebrfundua kur The Beatles l\u00ebshuan \"Rubber Soul\" (1965). Nd\u00ebrtimi zgjati shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb edhe sipas standardeve italiane \u2013 579 vjet. Dhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb lindi shprehja e q\u00ebndrueshme fabbrica del duomo (nd\u00ebrtimi i katedrales). K\u00ebshtu flitet kur di\u00e7ka ka k\u00ebrkuar shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb 78 arkitekt\u00eb nga Evropa. Nd\u00ebrtesa fillimisht ishte planifikuar t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej me tulla terakote, por m\u00eb pas u p\u00ebrdor marmi i Kondolit nga liqeni Maggiore. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb fasada doli t\u00eb ishte e ndryshme: ka zona t\u00eb kuqe, t\u00eb bardha dhe gri t\u00eb lehta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb transportuar marmorin n\u00eb kantier, n\u00eb qytet u hap\u00ebn kanale t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.
\n\u00a0
\nP\u00ebrfundimi i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb katedrales u ndihmua nga askush tjet\u00ebr, ve\u00e7se nga Napoleon Bonaparti. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb 1800-s, pasi ai kishte pushtuar qytetin, ai d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb kuroron n\u00eb Duomo, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte nd\u00ebrtimi urgjentisht. Para kuror\u00ebs, me porosi t\u00eb tij personale, u p\u00ebrfundua me urgjenc\u00eb dekorimi i fasad\u00ebs.
\n\u00a0
\nNuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb af\u00ebr koh\u00ebs kur italian\u00ebt p\u00ebrfunduan Duomo di Milano, k\u00ebrkoi restaurim ajo pjes\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs q\u00eb ishte nd\u00ebrtuar e para.<\/p>\n

Fakt interesant:<\/b> nd\u00ebrtimi nuk p\u00ebrfundoi as pas kuror\u00ebzimit t\u00eb Napoleonit. Deri n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XIX vazhduan punimet p\u00ebr zbukurimin e tempullit: u shtuan vitraj t\u00eb rinj, skulptura dhe elemente t\u00eb tjera dekorative. Dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 1965 nd\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebrfundimisht u mbyll.<\/p>\n

Katedralja e Notre-Dame de Paris \u2013 182 vjet<\/h2>\n

\n\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Guri i par\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs u vendos n\u00eb vitin 1163. Kullat u p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb vitin 1245, nd\u00ebrsa e gjith\u00eb katedralja \u2013 n\u00eb vitin 1345. Kullat e ndryshme n\u00eb stil (gotik dhe romanik) dhe t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi dhe ana per\u00ebndimore e katedrales d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se nd\u00ebrtimin e saj e ndoq\u00ebn arkitekt\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Notre-Dame de Paris u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrtesat e para n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ku p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e saj u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb jashtme me form\u00eb harkore \u2013 contraforts. Ato nuk ishin n\u00eb projektin fillestar. Por muret e holl\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtuar deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar, filluan t\u00eb thyheshin, prandaj rreth e rrotull gjith\u00eb katedrales u nd\u00ebrtuan mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb jashtme.<\/p>\n

Katedralja e Notre-Dame de Paris u b\u00eb katedralja e par\u00eb gotike. Ky stil arkitektonik n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb ambicie t\u00eb pafund p\u00ebr qiellin. Deri at\u00ebher\u00eb, askush nuk e kishte imagjinuar se nj\u00eb kish\u00eb mund t\u00eb kishte k\u00ebto p\u00ebrmasa dhe se kulla mund t\u00eb ishin kaq t\u00eb larta (69 m). P\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar k\u00ebt\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, u kushtua shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi avancimit t\u00eb mekanizmave t\u00eb ngritjes.<\/p>\n

\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fakt interesant:<\/b> raportet tatimore nga Parisi p\u00ebr vitet 1296 dhe 1313 tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e dy gur\u00ebndar\u00ebve femra, nj\u00eb pllakar dhe nj\u00eb tiktik. Prandaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e mundur q\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e katedrales t\u00eb ken\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb gra nd\u00ebrtuese.<\/p>\n

\"SaBurimi<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 15 prill 2019, e gjith\u00eb bota pa se si digjej Notre-Dame de Paris. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb zjarri t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, u humb\u00ebn kule, \u00e7atia dhe orat. Pati d\u00ebme n\u00eb tavanet e shekujve XIX dhe XIII. Tani jan\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb punime rikuperimi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat eksperti beson se do t\u00eb ndodhin p\u00ebr t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 5 vjet.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb dallim nga epokat e kaluara, tani burimet ekonomike t\u00eb rajonit nuk ndikojn\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit: nd\u00ebrtimi i gjat\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb si n\u00eb Vladivostok ashtu edhe n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. Shkaktar\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr si bota \u2013 ndryshimi i udh\u00ebheqjes, ndryshimi i kursit t\u00eb k\u00ebmbimit, pasakt\u00ebsia e kompanis\u00eb menaxhuese, pengesat ekologjike q\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e nd\u00ebrtimit, etj. Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr ndalimin e nd\u00ebrtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb themi n\u00eb rastet e ve\u00e7anta, por \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb m\u00eb tej me objektin shpesh nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, opsionet nuk jan\u00eb aq shum\u00eb: nd\u00ebrtimet e gjata mund t\u00eb lihen \"si jan\u00eb\" dhe t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb grupe kreative, pika v\u00ebzhgimi, objekte p\u00ebr base jumping. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi me t\u00eb gjitha forcat p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar nd\u00ebrtimin. Ose mund t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohen t\u00eb gjitha dhe t\u00eb fillohet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb ri n\u00eb at\u00eb vend. Nd\u00ebrtuesit modern\u00eb duhet t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb m\u00eb shpesh gabimet e paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos i p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur ato n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre. Dhe n\u00ebse nd\u00ebrtimi gjithsesi zgjatet, le t\u00eb shpresojm\u00eb se po nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme.
\n\u00a0
\nCilat nga nd\u00ebrtesat moderne e konsideroni si vepra arti? Sa koh\u00eb kan\u00eb zgjatur nd\u00ebrtimi i tyre?
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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