{"id":41811,"date":"2020-02-16T20:45:57","date_gmt":"2020-02-16T17:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ispolzovanie-qubesos-dlya-raboty-s-windows-7"},"modified":"2020-02-16T20:45:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-16T17:45:57","slug":"ispolzovanie-qubesos-dlya-raboty-s-windows-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/ispolzovanie-qubesos-dlya-raboty-s-windows-7","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb Habr nuk ka aq shum\u00eb artikuj p\u00ebr sistemin operativ Qubes, dhe ata q\u00eb kam par\u00eb pak p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e aplikimit. N\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb, shpresoj t\u00eb korrigjoj k\u00ebt\u00eb me shembuj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb Qubes si nj\u00eb mjet mbrojt\u00ebs t\u00eb mjedisit Windows dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoj numrin e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs ruse t\u00eb sistemit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/9625f1a9464dc610d1f3266571cf8929.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Pse Qubes?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Historia me p\u00ebrfundimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike p\u00ebr Windows 7 dhe rritja e shqet\u00ebsimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve solli nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar pun\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij sistemi operative, duke marr\u00eb parasysh k\u00ebrkesat e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb siguroni p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb Windows 7 t\u00eb aktivizuar plot\u00ebsisht me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesin t\u00eb instaloje p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime dhe aplikacione t\u00eb ndryshme (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Internetit);<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb zbatoni p\u00ebrjashtimin e plot\u00eb ose t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimeve rrjet, sipas kushteve (modalitete t\u00eb pun\u00ebs jasht\u00eb linje dhe filtrimi t\u00eb trafikut);<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ofroni mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidhjes selektive t\u00eb mediave dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb l\u00ebvizshme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ky grup kufizimesh n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur qart\u00eb, pasi lejohet administrimi i pavarur, dhe kufizimet nuk lidhen me bllokimin e veprimeve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb mundshme, por me p\u00ebrjashtimin e gabimeve t\u00eb mundshme ose ndikimeve d\u00ebmtuese programore. Tani, nuk ka ndonj\u00eb shkel\u00ebs t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm n\u00eb model.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb zgjidhjes, ne shpejt heq\u00ebm dor\u00eb nga ideja p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar kufizimet me mjete t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara ose shtes\u00eb t\u00eb Windows, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb kufizosh p\u00ebrdoruesin me privilegje administratori, duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar aplikacione.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Opcioni tjet\u00ebr i zgjidhjes ishte izolimi p\u00ebrmes virtualizimit. Mjetet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr virtualizimin desktop (p.sh. si virtualbox) jan\u00eb t\u00eb pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe kufizimet e p\u00ebrmendura duhet t\u00eb realizohen nga p\u00ebrdoruesi duke kaluar vazhdimisht ose duke konfiguruar parametrat e makin\u00ebs virtuale (m\u00eb pas VM), \u00e7far\u00eb rrit rrezikun e gabimeve.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, ne kemi eksperienc\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e Qubes si nj\u00eb sistem operativ p\u00ebr desktop, por pasiguria n\u00eb stabilitetin e funksionimit me Windows si mysafir ishte shqet\u00ebsuese. U vendos t\u00eb kontrollohej versioni aktual i Qubes, pasi kufizimet e vendosura p\u00ebrputhen shum\u00eb mir\u00eb me paradigmat e k\u00ebtij sistemi, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht realizimi i template-ve t\u00eb makinave virtuale dhe integrimi vizual. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb tregoj shkurtimisht idet\u00eb dhe mjetet e Qubes duke ilustruar zgjidhjen e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Llojet e virtualizimit Xen<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qubes bazohet n\u00eb hipervizorin Xen, i cili minimizon funksionet e menaxhimit t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb procesorit, memories dhe makinave virtuale. T\u00eb gjitha pun\u00ebt e tjera me pajisjet p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb dom0 bazuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux (n\u00eb Qubes p\u00ebr dom0 p\u00ebrdoret distribuim Fedora).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/d8bfeb6cc8daef0370c9d567486c0356.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Xen mb\u00ebshtet disa lloje virtualizimi (do t\u00eb jap shembuj p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn Intel, megjith\u00ebse Xen mb\u00ebshtet edhe t\u00eb tjera):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Paravirtualizimi (PV) - nj\u00eb modus virtualizimi pa p\u00ebrdorimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes harduerike, q\u00eb ngjason me virtualizimin n\u00eb konteiner, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr sisteme me b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb modus funksionon dom0);<\/li>\n<li>Virtualizimi i plot\u00eb (HVM) - n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb modus p\u00ebrdoren mb\u00ebshtetje harduerike p\u00ebr burimet e procesorit, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera emulohen me an\u00eb t\u00eb QEMU. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb universale p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur sisteme operative t\u00eb ndryshme;<\/li>\n<li>Paravirtualizimi i pajisjeve (PVH - Paravirtualized Hardware) - modus virtualizimi me p\u00ebrdorimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes harduerike kur p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me pajisjet, b\u00ebrthama e sistemit mysafir p\u00ebrdor shofer\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur me mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e hipervizorit (p.sh., memorie e ndar\u00eb), duke eliminuar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr emulimin me QEMU dhe duke rritur performanc\u00ebn e hyrjes-daljes. B\u00ebrthama Linux q\u00eb nga versioni 4.11 mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb modus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ffafc6a75aa9248659848c4bf08956e1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Deri n\u00eb versionin Qubes 4.0, p\u00ebr arsye sigurie \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u hequr dor\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdorimi i modusit t\u00eb paravirtualizimit (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs Intel, t\u00eb cilat trajtohen pjes\u00ebrisht me p\u00ebrdorimin e virtualizimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb), dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar p\u00ebrdoret modus PVH.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kur p\u00ebrdorimi i emulacionit (modi HVM), nisja e QEMU b\u00ebhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb VM t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb quajtur stubdomain, duke reduktuar k\u00ebshtu rrezikun e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb mundshme n\u00eb implementim (projekti QEMU p\u00ebrmban shum\u00eb kod, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebri).<br \/>\nKy mod n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr Windows.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Makinat virtuale t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb Qubes, nj\u00eb nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb hipervizorit \u00ebsht\u00eb transmetimi i pajisjeve PCI n\u00eb mjedisin e mysafirit. P\u00ebrjashtimi i pajisjeve lejon izolimin e pjes\u00ebs prit\u00ebse t\u00eb sistemit nga sulmet e jashtme. Xen mb\u00ebshtet k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr modet PV dhe HVM, n\u00eb rastin e dyt\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IOMMU (Intel VT-d) \u2014 menaxhimi harduerik i memories p\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb virtualizohen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu krijohen disa makina virtuale sistemore:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sys-net, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i kalohen pajisjet rrjet\u00ebsore dhe e cila p\u00ebrdoret si ur\u00eb p\u00ebr VM t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr shembull, duke realizuar funksione t\u00eb nj\u00eb firewalli ose klientit t\u00eb rrjetit VPN;<\/li>\n<li>sys-usb, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i kalohen USB dhe kontrollues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve periferi;<\/li>\n<li>sys-firewall, e cila nuk p\u00ebrdor pajisje, por punon si nj\u00eb firewall p\u00ebr VM t\u00eb lidhura.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me pajisjet USB p\u00ebrdoren sh\u00ebrbime proxy, t\u00eb cilat ofrojn\u00eb gjithashtu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr klas\u00ebn e pajisjeve HID (pajisje nd\u00ebrfaqe njeriu) transmetimin e komandave n\u00eb dom0;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr mbajt\u00ebsit e l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm ridrejtojn\u00eb volumin e pajisjeve n\u00eb VM t\u00eb tjera (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 dom0);<\/li>\n<li>ridrejton direkt pajisjen USB (p\u00ebrdoren USBIP dhe mjete integrimi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb till\u00eb, nj\u00eb sulm i suksessh\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes stekut rrjet\u00ebsor ose pajisjeve t\u00eb lidhura mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb kompromitimin vet\u00ebm t\u00eb VM sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb nisur, e jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi. Dhe pas rindizjes s\u00eb VM sh\u00ebrbimit, ajo do t\u00eb ngarkohet n\u00eb gjendjen fillestare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Mjetet e integrimit t\u00eb VM<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ka jan\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrvepruar me desktopin e makin\u00ebs virtuale \u2014 instalimi i aplikacioneve n\u00eb sistemin e mysafir\u00ebve ose simulimi i videos p\u00ebrmes mjeteve t\u00eb virtualizimit. Aplikacionet e mysafirit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga mjete t\u00eb ndryshme universale p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb distanc\u00eb (RDP, VNC, Spice, etj.) ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura p\u00ebr nj\u00eb hipervizor t\u00eb caktuar (k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb k\u00ebto mjete zakonisht quhen mjete t\u00eb mysafirit). Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret edhe nj\u00eb variant miks, kur hipervizori simulon hyrje- dalje p\u00ebr sistemin e mysafirit, nd\u00ebrsa jasht\u00eb ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb protokoll, kombinuar hyrjen daljen, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti me Spice. Nd\u00ebrsa, mjetet e aksesit n\u00eb distanc\u00eb zakonisht optimizojn\u00eb imazhin, pasi supozojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes rrjetit, q\u00eb ndikon negativisht n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e figur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qubes ofron mjete t\u00eb veta p\u00ebr integrimin e VM-ve. Kryesisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnsyshtema grafike \u2014 dritaret nga VM t\u00eb ndryshme shfaqen n\u00eb nj\u00eb desktop t\u00eb vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb kuadrim ngjyrash t\u00eb vet\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mjetet e integrimit bazohen n\u00eb kapacitetet e hipervizorit \u2014 kujtesa e ndar\u00eb (Xen grant table), mjetet e njoftimit (Xen event channel), depozita e ndar\u00eb xenstore dhe protokolli i komunikimit vchan. Me ndihm\u00ebn e tyre realizohen komponent\u00ebt baz\u00eb qrexec dhe qubes-rpc, si dhe sh\u00ebrbimet aplikative \u2014 ridrejtimi i tingullit apo USB, transferimi i skedar\u00ebve ose p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb kopjimit, ekzekutimi i komandave dhe nisja e aplikacioneve. Ekziston mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur politika q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb kufizohen sh\u00ebrbimet e disponueshme n\u00eb VM. M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin e dy VM-ve.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/eb0706697196168d2d50a90e25090497.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu, puna n\u00eb VM b\u00ebhet pa p\u00ebrdorimin e rrjetit, \u00e7ka lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb VM-eve autonome p\u00ebr t'u shmangur rrjedhjes s\u00eb informacionit. P\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebshtu realizohet ndarja e operacioneve kriptografike (PGP\/SSH), kur \u00e7el\u00ebsat e mbyllur p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb VM t\u00eb izoluar dhe nuk dalin jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Shabllon\u00ebt, aplikacionet dhe VM-t\u00eb e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjitha veprimet e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb Qubes realizohen n\u00eb makina virtuale. Sistemi kryesor i hostit p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar funksionimin e tyre dhe vizualizimin. Sistemi operacional instalohet s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb grup baz\u00eb makinash virtuale t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara mbi shabllon\u00eb (TemplateVM). Nj\u00eb shabllon p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb VM Linux t\u00eb krijuar mbi distribucionet Fedora ose Debian, me mjete t\u00eb integruara t\u00eb instaluara dhe t\u00eb konfiguruara, si dhe ndarje sistemore dhe p\u00ebrdoruese t\u00eb dedikuara. Instalimi dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i softuerit realizohet nga menaxheri standard i paketave (dnf ose apt) nga depozit\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguruara me nj\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimit digjital (GnuPG). Q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebtyre VM-ve \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb besueshm\u00ebri p\u00ebr VM-t\u00eb aplikative q\u00eb drejtohen mbi to.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VM-ja aplikative (AppVM) gjat\u00eb nisjes p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb ndarjes sistemore t\u00eb shabllonit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb VM-s\u00eb dhe, pas p\u00ebrfundimit, e fshin k\u00ebt\u00eb kopje pa ruajtur ndryshimet. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nevojshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesin ruhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje p\u00ebrdoruese unike p\u00ebr \u00e7do VM aplikative, e cila montohet n\u00eb katalogun e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/604c4f94fdb9644b589f87104364dc20.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e dobishme p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket siguris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i VM-ve t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme (disposableVM). Kjo VM krijohet mbi baz\u00ebn e shabllonit n\u00eb momentin e nisjes dhe lan\u00e7ohet me nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim \u2014 ekzekutimin e nj\u00eb aplikacioni, duke p\u00ebrfunduar pun\u00ebn pas mbylljes s\u00eb tij. VM-t\u00eb e p\u00ebrkohshme mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur skedar\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb, p\u00ebrmbajtja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb aplikacioneve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar nj\u00eb VM t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme \u00ebsht\u00eb e integruar n\u00eb menaxherin e skedar\u00ebve (Nautilus) dhe n\u00eb klientin e post\u00ebs (Thunderbird). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VM-ja Windows gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb shablloni dhe nj\u00eb VM t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, profili i p\u00ebrdoruesit transferohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00eb variantin ton\u00eb, ky shabllon do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga p\u00ebrdoruesi p\u00ebr detyra administrimi dhe instalimi aplikacionesh. Nga ky shabllon do t\u00eb krijohen disa VM aplikative \u2014 me qasje t\u00eb kufizuar n\u00eb rrjet (kapacitetet standarde t\u00eb sys-firewall) dhe pa akses n\u00eb rrjet fare (nuk krijohet nj\u00eb pajisje rrjet\u00eb virtuale). P\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto VM do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet dhe aplikacionet e instaluara n\u00eb shabllon dhe madje edhe n\u00eb rast t\u00eb infiltrimve t\u00eb programeve k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese, nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb akses n\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kompromentuar.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Lufta p\u00ebr Windows<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb baz\u00ebn e Qubes dhe funksionojn\u00eb mjaft stabilisht, duke filluar me Windows. P\u00ebr integrimin e Windows, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren mjetet e mysafir\u00ebve t\u00eb Qubes Windows Tools (QWT), t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb drejtuesit p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me Xen, drejtuesin qvideo dhe nj\u00eb grup utilitar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e informacionit (pranimi-d\u00ebrgimi i skedar\u00ebve, kopjimi n\u00eb bufer). Procesi i instalimit dhe konfigurimit \u00ebsht\u00eb dokumentuar n\u00eb detaje n\u00eb faqen e projektit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndalim p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn ton\u00eb t\u00eb aplikimit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 (QWT), \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 Windows \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 Linux \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 Windows \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 &quot;\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0439&quot; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u041c. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/tabit-pro\/qwt-crossbuild\">repotit\u00eb e tij<\/a><\/noindex>, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/QubesOS\/qubes-issues\/issues\/5065\">t\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar<\/a><\/noindex> nga zhvilluesi kryesor i Qubes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Faza m\u00eb kritike n\u00eb raport me stabilitetin e sistemit mysafir \u00ebsht\u00eb lan\u00e7imi i Windows, k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb shihni ekranin blu t\u00eb njohur (ose madje t\u00eb mos e shihni fare). P\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e gabimeve t\u00eb identifikuara jan\u00eb gjetur mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar - heqja e drejtuesve t\u00eb Xen p\u00ebr pajisjet bllokuese, \u00e7aktivizimi i balancimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb VM, ngushtimi i cil\u00ebsimeve rrjetore dhe minimizimi i numrit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave. Nd\u00ebrtimi yn\u00eb i mjeteve mysafir\u00eb instalohet dhe funksionon n\u00eb Windows 7 dhe Windows 10 t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuara plot\u00ebsisht (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 qvideo).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kur kalon nga ambienti fizik n\u00eb at\u00eb virtual, haset nj\u00eb problem me aktivizimin e Windows n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb versioneve OEM t\u00eb parainstaluara. K\u00ebto sisteme p\u00ebrdorin aktivizimin e bazuar n\u00eb licencat e regjistruara n\u00eb UEFI t\u00eb pajisjes. P\u00ebr funksionimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb transmetohet n\u00eb sistemin miq\u00ebsor nj\u00eb nga ndarjet ACPI t\u00eb sistemit prit\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi (tabela SLIC) dhe t\u00eb pak ndryshohen t\u00eb tjera, duke regjistruar prodhuesin. Xen lejon p\u00ebrshtatjen e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb tabelave ACPI shtes\u00eb, por pa modifikimin e atyre kryesore. Zgjidhja u ndihmua nga nj\u00eb patch nga nj\u00eb projekt i ngjash\u00ebm OpenXT, i cili u adaptua p\u00ebr Qubes. K\u00ebto korrigjime u treguan t\u00eb dobishme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ne, por u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb depozit\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb Qubes dhe n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn Libvirt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Disavantazhet evidente t\u00eb mjeteve t\u00eb integrimit t\u00eb Windows p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb munges\u00ebn e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr z\u00ebrin, pajisjet USB dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me media, pasi nuk ka mb\u00ebshtetje harduerike p\u00ebr GPU. Por p\u00ebrm\u00ebndurat nuk pengojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e VM p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me dokumente zyrtare dhe nuk i pengojn\u00eb startimin e aplikacioneve specifike p\u00ebr korporatat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 Windows \u0412\u041c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0412\u041c, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041e\u0421 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0412\u041c sys-usb, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c &quot;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b&quot; \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0412\u041c. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebrdorimi i QubesOS p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me Windows 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ed003174a07a412071095cda51f7c2cb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Versioni p\u00ebrfundimtar i sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar pozitivisht (sa e lejon nj\u00eb zgjidhje kaq komplekse) nga p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe mjetet e sistemit e lejuan zgjerimin e aplikimit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit me akses n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet VPN.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Virtualizimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi lejon uljen e rreziqeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb sistemeve Windows q\u00eb jan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb pa mb\u00ebshtetje \u2014 nuk detyron sigurin\u00eb e pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb me pajisje t\u00eb reja harduerike, lejon p\u00ebrjashtimin ose kontrollin e aksesit n\u00eb sistem p\u00ebrmes rrjetit ose pajisjeve t\u00eb lidhura, dhe lejon realizimin e nj\u00eb ambienti p\u00ebr fillimin nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sistemi OS Qubes, i bazuar n\u00eb iden\u00eb e izolimit p\u00ebrmes virtualizimit, ndihmon n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtyre dhe mekanizmave t\u00eb tjer\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar sigurin\u00eb. Nga jasht\u00eb, shum\u00eb e shohin Qubes kryesisht si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr anonimitet, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i dobish\u00ebm si p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shpesh kombinojn\u00eb projekte, infrastrukturat dhe sekretet e aksesit n\u00eb to, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkuesit e siguris\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrprerja e aplikacioneve, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe formalisht e nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb tyre jan\u00eb hapat fillestar\u00eb t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve dhe projektimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb mbrojtjes. Ky ndarje ndihmon n\u00eb strukturn e informacionit dhe zvog\u00eblon mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e gabimit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve njer\u00ebzor\u00eb \u2014 nxhites\u00ebs, lodhjes etj.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aktualisht, fokusi kryesor n\u00eb zhvillim \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjerimi i funksionalitetit t\u00eb mjediseve Linux. Po p\u00ebrgatitet t\u00eb lansohet versioni 4.1, i cili do t\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb Fedora 31 dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb versionet aktuale t\u00eb komponenteve ky\u00e7e Xen dhe Libvirt. Duhet theksuar se Qubes krijohet nga profesionist\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb informative, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjithmon\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb rast t\u00eb identifikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb reja ose gabimeve.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Pasth\u00ebnie<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb eksperimentale q\u00eb po zhvillojm\u00eb na lejon t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VM me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr aksesin e mysafir\u00ebve n\u00eb GPU, bazuar n\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb Intel GVT-g, gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb grafik\u00ebs dhe zgjerimin ndjesh\u00ebm t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb aplikimit t\u00eb sistemit. N\u00eb momentin e shkruar t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, ky funksionalitet punon p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimet testuese t\u00eb Qubes 4.1 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/tabit-pro\/tabit-qubes-repo\">github<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/488234\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Qubes, \u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e 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\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 Qubes? \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 Windows 7 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":41812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 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