{"id":42178,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/oshibka-vyzhivshego"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:45:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:45:00","slug":"oshibka-vyzhivshego","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/oshibka-vyzhivshego","title":{"rendered":"Gabimi i mbijetuesit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00abMbrojtja\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebqijat.
\nMilton Friedman \u00abLiria p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

Ky tekst \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb disa komentesh mbi artikujt. \u00abDefektet e like-ve\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> \u0438 \u00abEkonomia dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Duke interpretuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb caktuara dhe duke nxjerr\u00eb p\u00ebrfundime, disa komentues b\u00ebn\u00eb tipiken \u00abgabim t\u00eb mbijetuesit\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abgabimi sistematik i mbijetuesit\u00bb? Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb marrja n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb e t\u00eb njohurave dhe neglizhimi i t\u00eb panjohurave, por q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull i \u00abkosto-s\u00eb\u00bb s\u00eb gabimit t\u00eb mbijetuesit dhe nj\u00eb shembull i suksesit n\u00eb tejkalimin e k\u00ebtij gabimi \u00ebsht\u00eb puna e matematicienit hungarez Abraham Wald, i cili punoi p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb amerikane gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Komanda i kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb Wald-it detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar g\u00ebrvishtjet nga plumbat dhe copat n\u00eb avion\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb armatosjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur pilot\u00ebt dhe avion\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Arm\u00ebzimi i plot\u00eb nuk kishte shanse t\u00eb aplikohej - avioni do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Duhej t\u00eb armoseshin ose ato vende ku ishin d\u00ebmtimet dhe ku kishin goditur plumbat, ose ato vende ku nuk kishte d\u00ebmtime. Kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e Wald-it propozonin t\u00eb armoseshin vendet e d\u00ebmtuara (n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim ato jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar me pika t\u00eb kuqe).<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nWald-i kund\u00ebrshtoi. Ai tha se avion\u00ebt me ato d\u00ebmtime kishin arritur t\u00eb ktheheshin, nd\u00ebrsa avion\u00ebt me d\u00ebmtime n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera nuk kishin arritur t\u00eb ktheheshin. Pika e tij e pamjes fitoi. Avioni u armos atje ku linjat e kthimit nuk kishin d\u00ebmtime. N\u00eb fund, numri i avion\u00ebve t\u00eb mbijetuar u rrit ndjesh\u00ebm. Sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, Wald k\u00ebshtu shp\u00ebtoi jet\u00ebn e rreth 30% t\u00eb pilot\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb. (N\u00eb shif\u00ebr mund t\u00eb gaboj, por efekti ishte mjaft i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Wald shp\u00ebtoi qindra jet\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb ilust\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr i \u00abgabimit t\u00eb mbijetuesit\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb tregimi i Cicero-s p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebt e Diagorit t\u00eb Melos, i cili, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb argumentit p\u00ebr betimin ndaj zotave, sepse ka shum\u00eb \u00abimazhe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb stuhin\u00eb dhe b\u00ebnin betime ndaj zotave p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar ndonj\u00eb premtim\u00bb, u p\u00ebrgjigj se \u00abnd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb humb\u00ebn n\u00eb det si rezultat i nj\u00eb tragjedie detare\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Dhe gabimi i par\u00eb \u00abi mbijetuesit\u00bb n\u00eb komentet mbi artikullin \u00abDefektet e like-ve\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> q\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se ne nuk e dim\u00eb se sa ide, krijime, shpikje, punime shkencore t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera dhe t\u00eb dobishme jan\u00eb varrosur nga \"dislikes\", \"mosveprime\" dhe \"bana\" t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb citoj formulimin e zotit @S-e-n<\/a><\/noindex>: \u00abAskush nuk e di se sa ide t\u00eb mira jan\u00eb hedhur posht\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb publikuar, nuk jan\u00eb zhvilluar nga frika e banit. Sa p\u00ebrpjekje ka p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb heshtje me banuar t\u00eb autorit \u2014 gjithashtu. Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme tani \u2014 sa ide t\u00eb suksesshme jan\u00eb njohur menj\u00ebher\u00eb ose me vones\u00eb, sa t\u00eb d\u00ebshtuara nuk jan\u00eb njohur. N\u00ebse mb\u00ebshtetemi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme \u2014 at\u00ebher\u00eb po, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull.\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb relevante p\u00ebr \u00e7do sistem vler\u00ebsimi, i bazuar n\u00eb preferencat e shumic\u00ebs. Qoft\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, rrjete sociale, sisteme k\u00ebrkimi, tribet primitive, grupe fetare ose komunitete t\u00eb tjera njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

Nuk gjithmon\u00eb \u201ebani\u201c dhe \u201edislike\u201c ndodhin p\u00ebr \u201eq\u00ebllime t\u00eb liga\u201c. Reagimi i \u201eindinjat\u00ebs\u201c ndaj di\u00e7kaje t\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb reagim fiziologjik dhe psikologjik rutin\u00eb, i quajtur me fjal\u00eb moderne \u201ediskordanza njoh\u00ebse\u201c \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e t\u00ebr\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Homo Sapiens, dhe jo nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e ndonj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa irrituesit p\u00ebr \u00e7do grup mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb vetat. Dhe sa m\u00eb \u201ei ri\u201c dhe \u201ei pazakont\u00eb\u201c t\u00eb jet\u00eb, aq m\u00eb t\u00eb forta jan\u00eb indinjatat, disonanca. Dhe duhet t\u00eb kesh shum\u00eb mir\u00eb kontroll mbi psikologjin\u00eb t\u00ebnde, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos hidhen mbi \u201eshk\u00ebput\u00ebsin e qet\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201c. \u00c7far\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, nuk e justifikon aspak agresorin. \u201eShk\u00ebput\u00ebsi\u201c vet\u00ebm \u201eshkep\u00ebtin\u00eb\u201c, nd\u00ebrsa veprimet e agresorit jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuara p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrim.<\/p>\n

Gabimi i mbijetuarit shfaqet gjithashtu n\u00eb komentet p\u00ebr artikullin \u00abEkonomia dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. Dhe i referohet certifikimit t\u00eb ila\u00e7eve.<\/p>\n

Pak m\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell nj\u00eb citat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nga libri \"Liria p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur\" i nobelistit n\u00eb ekonomi Milton Friedman, por p\u00ebr momentin do t\u00eb v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh provash klinike, certifikata dhe t\u00eb ngjashme nuk e bindin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb panjohur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb vaksina, t\u00eb pin\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebt dhe hormon\u00ebt e p\u00ebrshkruar. Pra, licencimi dhe certifikimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \"nuk funksionon\". Megjithat\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin SHT-dhe homeopatin\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat nuk i n\u00ebnshtrohen (leht\u00ebsisht duke e th\u00ebn\u00eb) kontrollit kaq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm si ila\u00e7et. Ka shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb tregohen tek barnat dhe sh\u00ebruesit popullor\u00eb, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb te mjeku dhe t\u00eb pin\u00eb \"kimikate\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat ka certifikata, licenca dhe q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar shum\u00eb kontrolle dhe prova.<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimi i k\u00ebtij vendimi shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i lart\u00eb - nga paaft\u00ebsia deri n\u00eb vdekje. Vdekje e shpejt\u00eb. Koha q\u00eb pacienti kalon duke u trajtuar me SHT, duke e neglizhuar kimik\u00ebn dhe vizit\u00ebn te doktori, kthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb humbur p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebruar s\u00ebmundjen n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme, n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet \"intervali i ndritsh\u00ebm\". <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptohet se p\u00ebrpara se nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb \"certifikim\", kompania farmaceutike kryen nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh provash dhe kontrollesh t\u00eb veta, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato n\u00eb njer\u00ebz. <\/p>\n

Certifikimi vet\u00ebm sa e p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit k\u00ebt\u00eb procedur\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb \u00e7do vend p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet kjo, e cila n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit rrit kostot e ila\u00e7it p\u00ebr konsumatorin. <\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n
\nKjo ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje e vog\u00ebl nga tema. Tani, duke e shkurtuar shum\u00eb, citoj Milton Friedman-in. <\/p>\n

\u00abP\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm midis njer\u00ebzve, nuk nevojitet nd\u00ebrhyrja e forcave t\u00eb jashtme, detyrimi ose kufizimi i liris\u00eb...<\/b> Aktualisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb mbledhur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm d\u00ebshmish q\u00eb veprimtaria rregullatore e Agjencis\u00eb (FDA) \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme, se ajo ka shkaktuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebme, duke ngadal\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrparimin n\u00eb prodhimin dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e ila\u00e7eve t\u00eb dobishme, sesa dobi, duke mbrojtur tregun nga ila\u00e7et e d\u00ebmshme dhe jot\u00eb efektshme.
\nD ndikimi i Menaxhimit t\u00eb Kontrollit t\u00eb Cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Barnave (FDA) n\u00eb ritmet e miratimit t\u00eb barnave t\u00eb reja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm... aktualisht nevoja p\u00ebr koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb miratimin e nj\u00eb medikamenti t\u00eb ri \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm dhe, pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, kostot e zhvillimit t\u00eb produkteve t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb rritur shum\u00eb her\u00eb... p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb ri n\u00eb treg nevojiten 54 milion dollar\u00eb dhe rreth 8 vjet, pra ka ndodhur nj\u00eb rritje dhjet\u00ebfish e kostove dhe nj\u00eb rritje kat\u00ebrfish e koh\u00ebs krahasuar me rritjen e p\u00ebrgjithshme dyfish t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve. Si rezultat, kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike amerikane nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb barna t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar pacient\u00eb me s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb rralla. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ne as nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht nga arritjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, pasi Agjensia nuk pranon d\u00ebshmit\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb si prove p\u00ebr efektivitetin e barna.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse shqyrtoni r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb terapeutike t\u00eb barnave q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb SHBA, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Angli, ju do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeni me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr rastesh, kur pacient\u00ebt kan\u00eb vuajtur nga mungesa e barnave. P\u00ebr shembull, ka barna q\u00eb quhen beta-bllokues dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb vdekjen nga infarkti i zemr\u00ebs - parandalimi i dyt\u00eb i vdekjes nga infarkti miokardialis, - n\u00ebse k\u00ebto barna do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb SHBA, ato mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtonin rreth dhjet\u00eb mij\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb vit<\/b>\u2026<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e t\u00ebrthort\u00eb p\u00ebr pacientin \u00ebsht\u00eb se zgjidhjet terapeutike, q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb ishin n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e mjekut dhe pacientit, po miratohen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar nga komitete ekspert\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr Agjencin\u00eb e Kontrollit t\u00eb Cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Barnave, p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsia m\u00eb e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shmangia e rrezikut, si rezultat, ne kemi barna m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta, por nuk kemi barna m\u00eb efektive<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb Agjencia e Kontrollit t\u00eb Cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Barnave, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr q\u00ebllimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, veprimet e saj e demotivojn\u00eb zhvillimin dhe promovimin e barnave t\u00eb reja dhe potencialisht t\u00eb dobishme n\u00eb treg.<\/p>\n

Vini veten n\u00eb vendin e nj\u00eb zyrtari t\u00eb Agjencis\u00eb, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr miratimin ose mosmiratimin e nj\u00eb medikamenti t\u00eb ri. Ju mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni dy gabime:<\/p>\n

1. T\u00eb miratoni nj\u00eb medikament<\/b>, q\u00eb shkakton nj\u00eb efekt an\u00ebsor t\u00eb paparashikuar, i cili do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb vdekje ose nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit p\u00ebr numra t\u00eb m\u00ebdha njer\u00ebzish. <\/p>\n

2. Refuzoni miratimin e ila\u00e7it<\/b>, i cili mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb jet\u00ebn e shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve ose t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb vuajtje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe q\u00eb nuk ka efekte an\u00ebsore negative.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse b\u00ebni gabimin e par\u00eb dhe e miratoni, emri juaj do t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb faqet e para t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha gazetar\u00ebve. Do t\u00eb ndiheni n\u00eb nj\u00eb hidh\u00ebrim t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr. N\u00ebse b\u00ebni gabimin e dyt\u00eb, kush do ta di p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb? Firma farmaceutike q\u00eb promovon nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 t\u00eb ri, nga e cila mund t\u00eb largoheni si nga nj\u00eb model i biznesmen\u00ebve t\u00eb lakmish\u00ebm me zemra t\u00eb forta? Disa kimist\u00eb dhe mjek\u00eb t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar, q\u00eb ndjekin zhvillimin dhe testimin e ila\u00e7it t\u00eb ri?<\/p>\n

Pacient\u00ebt, q\u00eb jet\u00ebt e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoheshin, nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb shprehin protest\u00ebn e tyre. Familjet e tyre as q\u00eb do t\u00eb din\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit e dashur kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \"kujdesit\" t\u00eb nj\u00eb zyrtari t\u00eb panjohur nga Agjencia e Kontrollit t\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Ila\u00e7eve.<\/p>\n

Madje, duke pasur q\u00ebllime t\u00eb mira m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ju n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavullnetshme do t\u00eb ndalonit shum\u00eb ila\u00e7e t\u00eb mira ose do t\u00eb vononit miratimin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb lejoni n\u00eb treg nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb efekt an\u00ebsor n\u00eb form\u00ebn e d\u00ebmtimit t\u00eb gazetave...
\nD\u00ebmi i shkaktuar nga aktiviteti i Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Kontrollit t\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Ila\u00e7eve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e mang\u00ebsive t\u00eb individ\u00ebve q\u00eb mbajn\u00eb pozita t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Shumica prej tyre jan\u00eb sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, presioni social, politik dhe ekonomik p\u00ebrcakton m\u00eb shum\u00eb sjelljen e individ\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr veprimtarin\u00eb e agjencis\u00eb qeveritare sesa ata vet\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb sjelljen e saj. Pa dyshim, ka p\u00ebrjashtime, por ato jan\u00eb pothuajse aq t\u00eb rralla sa macet q\u00eb lehin.\" Fundi i citatit.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, \"gabimi i mbijetuar\" n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e efikasitetit t\u00eb organit mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebs i kushton njer\u00ebzimit 10,000 jet\u00eb n\u00eb vit vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend. Masa e pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb k\u00ebtij \"akulli\" \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr tu vler\u00ebsuar. Dhe ndoshta, e frikshme.<\/p>\n

\u00abPacient\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin shp\u00ebtuar, nuk mund t\u00eb shprehin m\u00eb protest\u00ebn e tyre. Familjet e tyre as q\u00eb do ta din\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit e dashur humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \u00abkujdesit\u00bb t\u00eb nj\u00eb zyrtari t\u00eb panjohur\u00bb<\/b>. Asnj\u00eb prodhues i pap\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm nuk i ka shkaktuar qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij nj\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n
\nP\u00ebrvec t\u00eb tjerash, sh\u00ebrbimi i certifikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i kushtuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr tatimpaguesit. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb banor\u00ebt. Sipas llogaritjeve t\u00eb Milton Friedman, pjesa e 'shpenzuar' nga zyrtar\u00ebt q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb programe t\u00eb ndryshme sociale n\u00eb SHBA, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rreth gjysm\u00ebn e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shum\u00ebs s\u00eb tatimeve q\u00eb drejtohet p\u00ebr ndihma t\u00eb ndryshme sociale. Kjo gjysm\u00eb shpenzohet p\u00ebr pagat dhe shpenzime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemit social t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe rregullimit. \u00c7do biznes do t\u00eb kishte falimentuar prej koh\u00ebsh me nj\u00eb overhead kaq t\u00eb paproduktive.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj si t\u00eb paguash nj\u00eb kamarier p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb dob\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb restorant nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me \u00e7mimin e dark\u00ebs. Ose t\u00eb paguash paketimin e produkteve n\u00eb supermarket me \u00e7mimin e plot\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faktin se ata t'i paketojn\u00eb n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb qese.<\/p>\n

Prania e nj\u00eb zyrtari n\u00eb zinxhirin prodhues-mall konsumator ose sh\u00ebrbim-konsumator dyfishon kostot e \u00e7do produkti dhe sh\u00ebrbimi. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se me pagat e \u00e7do njeriu do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb bliheshin dyfish m\u00eb shum\u00eb produkte dhe sh\u00ebrbime, n\u00ebse kontrolli mbi k\u00ebto produkte dhe sh\u00ebrbime nuk do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb duar t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve.
\nSi\u00e7 tha gjyqtari Louis Brandeis: \u00abEksperienca tregon se liria ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtje ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur qeveria nxiton p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb dobishme\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Licencimi, si dhe m\u00ebnyrat e tjera kufizuese t\u00eb rregullimit (depresionit) t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb aspak t\u00eb reja dhe njihen q\u00eb nga Mesjeta. T\u00eb gjitha llojet e gildive, kastave, dhe klasave \u2014 nuk jan\u00eb asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se licencim dhe certifikim, t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyera n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn moderne. Dhe q\u00ebllimi i tyre gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2014 t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn, t\u00eb rrisin \u00e7mimet, t\u00eb rrisin t\u00eb ardhurat e 't\u00eb vet\u00ebve' dhe t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb 't\u00eb huajt'. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, e nj\u00ebjta diskriminim dhe marr\u00ebveshje karteli e zakonshme, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe rrit \u00e7mimet p\u00ebr konsumatorin. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, a nuk duhet t\u00eb dalim nga Mesjeta? Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb shekulli 21.<\/p>\n

Aksidentet n\u00eb rrug\u00eb shkaktohen nga shofer\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb patent\u00eb dhe licenca. Gabime mjek\u00ebsore b\u00ebjn\u00eb mjek\u00eb t\u00eb diplomuar dhe t\u00eb licencuar. M\u00ebsues t\u00eb licencuar dhe t\u00eb diplomuar d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit duke i l\u00ebnduar psikologjikisht. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, sh\u00ebuesit, homeopat\u00ebt, shamant\u00ebt dhe mashtruesit e bien shum\u00eb mir\u00eb pa licenca dhe provime dhe kan\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, duke u angazhuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre dhe duke p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, nga t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto licence dhe leje, ushqehen masa zyrtar\u00ebsh q\u00eb nuk prodhojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb mall ose sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt, por kan\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur p\u00ebr qytetarin, ku duhet t\u00eb trajtohet dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb me taksat e tij<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Vler\u00ebsohet vet\u00ebm se, pavar\u00ebsisht drejtimit t\u00eb ndaluesh\u00ebm t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve, kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb regjistrojn\u00eb shum\u00eb ila\u00e7e n\u00eb shekullin e 20-t\u00eb, q\u00eb shp\u00ebtuan miliona jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dhe mbetet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb mrekullohemi se sa shum\u00eb ila\u00e7e nuk ishin zhvilluar, nuk ishin regjistruar, ishin deklaruar ekonomikisht jo t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe koh\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb lejimit. T\u00eb mrekullohemi p\u00ebr sa njer\u00ebz u kushtoi jet\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebndet rezultati i veprimit ndalues t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, prania e nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh zyrtar\u00ebsh dhe institucioneve q\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb licenca, kontrollojn\u00eb, mbik\u00ebqyrin dhe nd\u00ebshkojn\u00eb nuk ka ulur aspak numrin e mashtruesve, ila\u00e7eve popullore, herbave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe tabletave magjike. Pjesa e tyre l\u00ebshohet n\u00ebn petkun e suplementeve biologjikisht aktive, pjesa tjet\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndahet thjesht duke e anashkaluar \u00e7do farmaci, dyqan dhe institucion. <\/p>\n

A duhet t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb insistojm\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e gabuar t\u00eb licencimit dhe rregullimit?<\/b> Mendoj se jo.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse truri i lexuesit heroik e t\u00eb respektuar, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrfundoi k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb flak\u00eb nga nj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim kognitiv, un\u00eb do t\u00eb rekomandoja si \"shqyrtim\" kat\u00ebr libra, t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe q\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb shum\u00eb mite q\u00eb lidhen me kapitalizmin, gabimet e mbijetuarve, ekonomin\u00eb dhe kontrollin qeveritar. K\u00ebta jan\u00eb k\u00ebta libra: Milton Friedman<\/b> \"Liria p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur\", Ayn Rand<\/b> \"Kapitalizmi. Nj\u00eb ideal i panjohur\", Steven Levitt<\/b> \"Freakonomics\", Malcolm Gladwell<\/b> \"Gjeni dhe Outsider\u00eb\", Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bastiat<\/b> \"\u00c7far\u00eb shihet dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk shihet\".
\nA ja k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> \u00cbsht\u00eb publikuar nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr mbi \"gabimin e t\u00eb mbijetuarit\".<\/p>\n

Ilustrimet<\/b>: McGeddon<\/a><\/noindex>, Sergjey Elkin<\/a><\/noindex>, Akroleshta<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

P.S.<\/b> T\u00eb nderuar lexues, ju lutem mos harroni se \"Stili i polemik\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm se subjekti i polemik\u00ebs. Subjektet ndodhin, por stili krijon civilizimin.\" (Grigori Pomeranc). N\u00ebse nuk e kam p\u00ebrgjigjur komentarin tuaj, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se di\u00e7ka nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull me stilin e polemik\u00ebs tuaj.<\/p>\n

Shtes\u00eb.<\/b>
\nM\u00eb falni t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve q\u00eb keni shkruar komente t\u00eb arsyeshme dhe nuk kam p\u00ebrgjigjur. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye se disa p\u00ebrdorues kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb hedhin posht\u00eb komentet e mia. \u00c7doher\u00eb. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet. Kjo m\u00eb pengon t\u00eb fitoj \"ngarkes\u00eb\" dhe t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb plus p\u00ebr kar\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj atyre q\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb komente t\u00eb arsyeshme.
\nPor n\u00ebse ende d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb merrni p\u00ebrgjigje dhe t\u00eb diskutoni artikullin, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb shkruani mesazh t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. Un\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigjem atyre.<\/p>\n

Shtes\u00eb 2.<\/b>
\n\"Gabimi i t\u00eb mbijetuarit\" n\u00eb shembullin e k\u00ebtij artikulli.
\nN\u00eb momentin e shkrimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj shtese, artikulli ka 33.9k shikime dhe 141 komente.
\nSupozoni se shumica e tyre jan\u00eb negative ndaj artikullit.
\nPra, artikullin e kan\u00eb lexuar 33900 persona. E kan\u00eb kritikuar 100. 339 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak.
\nPra, n\u00ebse e thjeshtojm\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe me supozime, autori nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi mendimin e 33800 lexuesve, vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr mendimin e 100 lexuesve (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe m\u00eb pak, pasi disa lexues l\u00ebn\u00eb disa komente).
\nDhe \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebn autori, pra un\u00eb, duke lexuar komentet? B\u00ebj \"gabimin tipik t\u00eb t\u00eb mbijetuarit\". Analizoj vet\u00ebm ato nj\u00ebqind \"negativa\", duke injoruar plot\u00ebsisht (psikologjikisht) faktin se ato jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm 0,3% e mendimeve. Dhe mbi baz\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre 0,3%, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb brenda gabimit statistik, nxjerr p\u00ebrfundimin se artikulli nuk p\u00eblqeu. Trishtohem, pa pasur asnj\u00eb arsye p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00ebse mendojm\u00eb logjikisht dhe jo emocionalisht.
\nPra, \"gabimi i t\u00eb mbijetuarit\" nuk ndodhet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e matematik\u00ebs, por ndoshta edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb dhe neurofiziologjis\u00eb, q\u00eb e b\u00ebn zbulimin dhe korrigjimin e tij nj\u00eb \"pun\u00eb t\u00eb mundimshme\" p\u00ebr trurin e njeriut.<\/p>\n

Shtes\u00eb 3.<\/b>
\nEdhe pse kjo del jasht\u00eb kuadrit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, por pasi n\u00eb komentet ka nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb ndezur mbi kontrollin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ila\u00e7eve, do t'i p\u00ebrgjigjem menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve.
\nNj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb ndaj kontrollit shtet\u00ebror mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb krijimi i laboratoireve private ekspert\u00ebsh, q\u00eb do t\u00eb verifikonin cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e ila\u00e7eve, duke konkurruar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. (Dhe k\u00ebto laboratore, shoqata, asociazioni dhe institute ekzistojn\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb).
\n\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kjo? S\u00eb pari, do t\u00eb eliminoj\u00eb korrupsionin, pasi gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar dhe sfiduar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ekspertiz\u00ebs korruptive. S\u00eb dyti, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt dhe m\u00eb e lir\u00eb. Thjesht sepse biznisi privat \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se ai shtet\u00ebror. S\u00eb treti, laboratori ekspert do t\u00eb shes\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e tij, dhe k\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb, afatet dhe \u00e7mimet. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto s\u00eb bashku do ta ulin kostot e medikamenteve n\u00eb farmacit\u00eb. S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, n\u00ebse n\u00eb paketim nuk ka shenj\u00eb t\u00eb verifikimit nga nj\u00eb laborator privat t\u00eb pavarur, madje as nga dy apo tre, at\u00ebher\u00eb bler\u00ebsi do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se medikamenti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb verifikuar. Ose \u00ebsht\u00eb verifikuar shum\u00eb her\u00eb. Dhe do t\u00eb 'votoj\u00eb me dollar' p\u00ebr prodhuesin e caktuar t\u00eb farmaceutik\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Shtesa 4.<\/b>
\nM\u00eb duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb merren parasysh 'gabimi i mbijetuesit' gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb AI, algoritmeve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive, etj.
\nDmth, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb n\u00eb programin e trajnimet jo vet\u00ebm shembujt e njohur, por edhe nj\u00eb delta, ndoshta madje modele teorike t\u00eb 't\u00eb panjohur\u00ebs s\u00eb mundshme'.
\nP\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rastin e AI q\u00eb 'vizatojn\u00eb', kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kushtore, 'Van Gogh + delta', pra me nj\u00eb delta t\u00eb madhe, makina do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb filtrin t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb Van Gogh, por q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ngjasoj\u00eb m\u00eb asfare me t\u00eb.
\nM\u00ebsimi i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm ku ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: mjek\u00ebsi, gjenetik\u00eb, fizik\u00eb kuantike, astronomi, etj.
\n(M\u00eb vjen keq n\u00ebse e kam shpjeguar 'keq').<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim (shpresoj t\u00eb fundit)<\/b>
\nT\u00eb gjith\u00ebve q\u00eb e lexuan deri n\u00eb fund \u2014 'Faleminderit'. M\u00eb b\u00ebn shum\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi t\u00eb shoh 'bookmarks' dhe 'shikimet' tuaja.<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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