{"id":42178,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/oshibka-vyzhivshego"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:45:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:45:00","slug":"oshibka-vyzhivshego","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/oshibka-vyzhivshego","title":{"rendered":"Gabimi i mbijetuar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00abMbrojtja\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija.
\nMilton Friedman \u00abLiria p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

Ky tekst u krijua si rezultat i analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb disa komenteve mbi artikuj \u00abDefektet e p\u00eblqimeve\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> dhe \u00abEkonomia dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Duke interpretuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb caktuara dhe duke nxjerr\u00eb konkluzione, disa komentues b\u00ebn\u00eb \u00abgabimin tipik t\u00eb mbijetuesit\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abgabimi sistematik i mbijetuesit\u00bb? Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrllogaritja e t\u00eb njohurve dhe injorimi i t\u00eb panjohurve, por ekzistuesve<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull i \u00abkoston\u00bb s\u00eb gabimit t\u00eb mbijetuesit dhe nj\u00eb shembull i suksessh\u00ebm i tejkalimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij gabimi \u00ebsht\u00eb puna e matematikantit hungarez Abraham Wald, i cili punoi p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb amerikane gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Komanda ia vuri Wald detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar plag\u00ebt nga plumbat dhe shrapnelin n\u00eb avion\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mbrojtjeje, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb pilot\u00ebt dhe avion\u00ebt t\u00eb mos vdesin. <\/p>\n

Nuk kishte mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb kishte rezervim t\u00eb plot\u00eb \u2014 avioni b\u00ebhej shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Duhej t\u00eb rezervoheshin ose ato vende ku kishte d\u00ebmtime, aty ku ishin goditur plumbat, ose ato vende ku nuk kishte d\u00ebmtime. Kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e Valdit propozonin t\u00eb rezervonin vendet e d\u00ebmtuara (n\u00eb figur\u00eb ato jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar me pika t\u00eb kuqe).<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nValdi kund\u00ebrshtonte. Ai thoshte se avion\u00ebt me k\u00ebto d\u00ebmtime kishin arritur t\u00eb ktheheshin, nd\u00ebrsa avion\u00ebt me d\u00ebmtime n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera nuk kishin arritur t\u00eb ktheheshin. Pik\u00ebpamja e Valdit fitoi. Avion\u00ebt u rezervuan atje ku avion\u00ebt q\u00eb u kthyen nuk kishin d\u00ebmtime. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, numri i avion\u00ebve t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar u rrit ndjesh\u00ebm. Sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, Valdi k\u00ebshtu shp\u00ebtoi jet\u00ebn e rreth 30% t\u00eb pilot\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb. (N\u00eb numra mund t\u00eb kem gabim, por efekti ishte mjaft i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Valdi shp\u00ebtoi qindra jet\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr i \"gabimit t\u00eb mbijetuarit\" \u00ebsht\u00eb tregimi i Ciceronit p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebt e Diagor\u00ebs nga Meli, i cili, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb argumentit p\u00ebr betimet ndaj zotave, p\u00ebr shkak se ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb \"imazhe p\u00ebr shp\u00ebtimin e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb kapeshin n\u00eb stuhi dhe jepnin betime ndaj zotave p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb kusht\", tha se \"megjithat\u00eb, mungojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha imazhet e atyre q\u00eb humb\u00ebn n\u00eb det si rezultat i p\u00ebrmbytjes\".<\/p>\n

Dhe gabimi i par\u00eb i \"mbijetuarit\" n\u00eb komentet e artikullit \u00abDefektet e p\u00eblqimeve\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> consiston n\u00eb faktin se nuk dim\u00eb sa ide t\u00eb mira, t\u00eb dobishme, gjeniale, krijime, shpikje, pun\u00eb shkencore jan\u00eb varrosur nga \"dislikes\", \"injorime\" dhe \"bana\" t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb citoj formulimin e zotit @S-e-n<\/a><\/noindex>: \"Askush nuk e di se sa ide t\u00eb mira jan\u00eb fshehur, nuk jan\u00eb publikuar, nuk jan\u00eb zhvilluar nga frika e bllokimit. Sa p\u00ebrpjekje kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb heshtje me bllokimin e autorit - gjithashtu. Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme tani - sa ide t\u00eb suksesshme jan\u00eb pranuar menj\u00ebher\u00eb ose me vones\u00eb, sa t\u00eb pasuksesshme nuk jan\u00eb pranuar. N\u00ebse e bazojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka vet\u00ebm n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme - at\u00ebher\u00eb po, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb.\"<\/b><\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr \u00e7do sistem vler\u00ebsimi q\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb preferencat e shumic\u00ebs. Qoft\u00eb shkenca, rrjetet sociale, sistemet e k\u00ebrkimit, fiset primitive, grupet fetare ose \u00e7do komunitet tjet\u00ebr njer\u00ebzor.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb q\u00eb \"ndalimi\" dhe \"jo-p\u00eblqimi\" ndodhin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \"intentit t\u00eb keq\". Reagimi i \"indinjat\u00ebs\" ndaj di\u00e7kaje t\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb reagim rutin\u00eb fiziologjik dhe psikologjik, i njohur me termin e modh \"diskordanca k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi\" \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e gjith\u00eb specieve Homo Sapiens, dhe jo nj\u00eb atribut i nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, irrituesit p\u00ebr secilin grup mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb. Sa m\u00eb \"t\u00eb re\" dhe \"t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb\" t\u00eb jet\u00eb di\u00e7ka, aq m\u00eb e fort\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb indinjata, m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb diskordanca. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb mir\u00eb mbi mendjen t\u00ebnde q\u00eb t\u00eb mos sulmosh \"shkat\u00ebrruesin e qet\u00ebsis\u00eb\". \u00c7ka, megjithat\u00eb, nuk e justifikon aspak agresorin. \"Shkat\u00ebrruesi\" thjesht \"nxit\" indinjat\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa veprimet e agresorit jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara drejt shkat\u00ebrrimit.<\/p>\n

Gabimi i mbijetuesit shfaqet gjithashtu n\u00eb komentet e artikullit \u00abEkonomia dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. Dhe ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me certifikimin e ila\u00e7eve.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb posht\u00eb, do t\u00eb sjell nj\u00eb citat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nga libri \"Liria p\u00ebr T\u00eb zgjedhur\" i nobelistit n\u00eb ekonomi Milton Friedman, por p\u00ebr momentin dua t\u00eb ve theksoj se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh provash klinike, certifikatash dhe t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb panjohur, nuk i bindin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb vaksinohen, t\u00eb marrin antibiotik\u00eb dhe hormone t\u00eb caktuara. Pra, licencimi dhe certifikimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk funksionon. Megjithat\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin shtesa dietike ose homeopati, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb n\u00ebn kontrollin (p\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht) aq t\u00eb rrept\u00eb sa ila\u00e7et. Ka shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb te sh\u00ebruesit e popullit dhe mjek\u00ebt tradicional\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb doktori dhe t\u00eb marrin substanca \"kimike\", p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat ka licenca, certifikata dhe q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar shum\u00eb kontrolle dhe prova.<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimi i k\u00ebtij vendimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb \u2014 nga paaft\u00ebsia deri te vdekja. Vdekje e shpejt\u00eb. Koha q\u00eb pacienti kalon duke u trajtuar me shtesa dietike, duke injoruar substancat kimike dhe vizitat te mjeku, kthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb humbur p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebruar s\u00ebmundjen n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme, n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb njihet si \"intervali i ndri\u00e7uar\". <\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptosh se p\u00ebrpara se ila\u00e7i t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebr \"certifikim\", kompania farmaceutike kryen nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm provash dhe kontrollesh, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato n\u00eb njer\u00ebz. <\/p>\n

Certifikimi vet\u00ebm e p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit k\u00ebt\u00eb procedur\u00eb. \u00c7do vend e p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, gj\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht rrit kostot e ila\u00e7it p\u00ebr konsumatorin. <\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n
\nIshte nj\u00eb shk\u00ebputje e vog\u00ebl nga tema. Tani, duke e shkurtuar shum\u00eb, citoj Milton Friedman. <\/p>\n

\u00abP\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb aktivitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt dhe me p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjella, nuk k\u00ebrkohet nd\u00ebrhyrja e forcave t\u00eb jashtme, detyrimi apo kufizimi i liris\u00eb...<\/b> Aktualisht, ka mbledhur prova t\u00eb konsiderueshme q\u00eb veprimtaria e rregullator\u00ebve t\u00eb Agjencis\u00eb (FDA) \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebmtuese, duke shkaktuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebm, duke ngadal\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrparimin n\u00eb prodhimin dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e ila\u00e7eve t\u00eb dobishme, sesa dobi duke mbrojtur tregun nga ila\u00e7et e d\u00ebmshme dhe t\u00eb pamjaftueshme.
\nShkaku i Agjencis\u00eb p\u00ebr Menaxhimin e Ushqimit dhe Barnave (FDA) n\u00eb ritmet e miratimit t\u00eb barnave t\u00eb reja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm... aktualisht k\u00ebrkohen shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb miratimin e nj\u00eb medikamenti t\u00eb ri, dhe pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, kostot p\u00ebr zhvillimin e barnave t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm... p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb ri n\u00eb treg nevojitet nj\u00eb shpenzim prej 54 milion dollar\u00ebsh dhe rreth 8 vite, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ka ndodhur nj\u00eb rritje dhjet\u00ebfish e shpenzimeve dhe nj\u00eb rritje kat\u00ebrfish e koh\u00ebs krahasuar me rritjen totale dyfish t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve. Si rezultat, kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike t\u00eb SHBA-ve nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb barna t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr trajtimin e pacient\u00ebve me s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb rralla. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ne nuk mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht arritjet e huaja, pasi Agjencia nuk pranon d\u00ebshmit\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb si prov\u00eb t\u00eb efikasitetit t\u00eb barnave.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb terapeutike t\u00eb medikamenteve q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb SHBA, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Angli, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeni me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr rastesh kur pacient\u00ebt jan\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb medikamenteve. P\u00ebr shembull, ka medikamente q\u00eb quhen beta-bllokues dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb vdekjen nga nj\u00eb infarkt \u2014 parandalim i dyt\u00eb i vdekjes nga infarkti i zemr\u00ebs \u2014 n\u00ebse k\u00ebto medikamente do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb SHBA, ato mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtonin rreth dhjet\u00eb mij\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb vit<\/b>\u2026<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pasoja indirekte p\u00ebr pacientin \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti q\u00eb zgjidhjet terapeutike, q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb ishin n\u00eb discretion t\u00eb mjekut dhe pacientit, po miratohen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar nga komitete ekspert\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr Agjencin\u00eb e Administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Barnave, p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsia m\u00eb e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shmangia e riskut, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb ne kemi medikamente m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta, por jo m\u00eb efikase<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb Agjencia p\u00ebr Mbik\u00ebqyrjen e Ushqimit dhe Barnave, pavar\u00ebsisht n intentivave m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, po d\u00ebmton d\u00ebshirat p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar dhe sjell\u00eb n\u00eb treg ila\u00e7e t\u00eb reja dhe potencialisht t\u00eb dobishme.<\/p>\n

Vini re se si ndihet nj\u00eb zyrtar i Agjencis\u00eb, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr miratimin ose refuzimin e nj\u00eb medikamenti t\u00eb ri. Ju mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni dy gabime:<\/p>\n

1. T\u00eb miratoni nj\u00eb ila\u00e7<\/b>, q\u00eb ka efekte an\u00ebsore t\u00eb paparashikuara, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb vdekjen ose p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin serioz t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh njer\u00ebzish. <\/p>\n

2. T\u00eb refuzoni miratimin e nj\u00eb ila\u00e7i<\/b>, i cili mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb jet\u00ebn e shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve ose t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb vuajtje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe q\u00eb nuk ka efekte negative an\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse b\u00ebni nj\u00eb gabim t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe e miratoni, emri juaj do t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb faqet e para t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha gazetave. Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeni me nj\u00eb izolim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. N\u00ebse b\u00ebni nj\u00eb gabim t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, kush do ta dij\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb? Nj\u00eb kompani farmaceutike q\u00eb promovon nj\u00eb medikament t\u00eb ri, nga e cila mund t\u00eb ikni si nga nj\u00eb mostr\u00eb e biznesmen\u00ebve k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues me zemra t\u00eb gurta? Disa kimist\u00eb dhe mjek\u00eb t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar q\u00eb merret me zhvillimin dhe testimin e nj\u00eb medikamenti t\u00eb ri?<\/p>\n

Pacient\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jet\u00ebt e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoheshin, nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shprehin protest\u00ebn e tyre. Familjet e tyre madje nuk do t\u00eb din\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb dashurojn\u00eb humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \"kujdesit\" t\u00eb nj\u00eb funksionarit t\u00eb panjohur nga Zyra e Kontrollit t\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Medikamenteve.<\/p>\n

Madje duke pasur m\u00eb t\u00eb mirat e q\u00ebllimeve n\u00eb bot\u00eb, do t\u00eb ndalonit pa dashje shum\u00eb ila\u00e7e t\u00eb mira ose do t\u00eb vononit miratimin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur edhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb lejuar q\u00eb n\u00eb treg t\u00eb hyj\u00eb nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte efekte an\u00ebsore t\u00eb pap\u00eblqyeshme n\u00eb form\u00ebn e zhurm\u00ebs gazeta\u2026
\nD\u00ebmi i shkaktuar nga Aktiviteti i Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Kontrollit t\u00eb Ushqimit dhe Barnave nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i t\u00eb metave t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb pozita p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse. Shum\u00eb prej tyre jan\u00eb sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtor\u00eb publik\u00eb t\u00eb talentuar dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar. Sidoqoft\u00eb, presioni social, politik dhe ekonomik p\u00ebrcakton sjelljen e individ\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr aktivitetin e agjencis\u00eb qeveritare shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se sa ata vet\u00eb, p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb sjelljen e saj. Pa dyshim, ka p\u00ebrjashtime, por ato jan\u00eb pothuajse aq t\u00eb rralla sa macet q\u00eb ladrisin.\"<\/p>\n

Pra, \u2018gabimi i t\u00eb mbijetuarit\u2019 n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e efektivitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb organit mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebs \u2018shkakton\u2019 nj\u00eb kost\u00eb prej 10,000 jet\u00ebsh n\u00eb vit vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend. Vler\u00ebsimi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb k\u00ebtij \u2018blloku\u2019 \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Dhe, ndoshta, e frikshme.<\/p>\n

\u2018Pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin shp\u00ebtuar, nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb shprehin protest\u00ebn e tyre. Familjet e tyre madje nuk do t\u00eb din\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit e dashur kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \u2018kujdesit\u2019 t\u00eb nj\u00eb zyrtari t\u00eb panjohur.\u2019<\/b>. Asnj\u00eb prodhues i pa\u00e7muar nuk i ka shkaktuar nj\u00eb d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb till\u00eb bashk\u00ebatdhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi
\n
\nN\u00eb mesin e gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb tjera, sh\u00ebrbimi i certifikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb barr\u00eb e konsiderueshme p\u00ebr taksapaguesit. Pra, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt. Sipas llogaritjeve t\u00eb Milton Friedman, pjesa e \"shpenzimeve\" nga zyrtar\u00ebt q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb programe t\u00eb ndryshme sociale n\u00eb SHBA \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shum\u00ebs s\u00eb taksave t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrblime t\u00eb ndryshme sociale. Kjo gjysm\u00eb shpenzohet p\u00ebr pagat dhe shpenzime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve n\u00eb sistemin social t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe rregullimit. \u00c7do biznes do t\u00eb kishte bankrotuar prej koh\u00ebsh me nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb kostove joproduktive.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb paguash nj\u00eb kamarier p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb dob\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb restorant nj\u00eb llokum t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me kostot e dark\u00ebs. Ose t\u00eb paguash paketimin e produkteve n\u00eb supermarket n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me \u00e7mimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb tyre vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faktin se ato pakohen n\u00eb qese.<\/p>\n

Prania e nj\u00eb zyrtari n\u00eb zinxhirin prodhues - produkt konsumator ose sh\u00ebrbim - konsumator dyfishon \u00e7mimin e \u00e7do produkti dhe sh\u00ebrbimi. Pra, me pagat e \u00e7do personi do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb blije dyfish m\u00eb shum\u00eb produkte dhe sh\u00ebrbime, n\u00ebse menaxhimi i k\u00ebtyre produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve nuk do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb duar t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve.
\nSi duhet tha gjyqtari Luis Brandis: \u00abEkspertiza na m\u00ebson se liria ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtje, kur qeveria n\u00ebnshkruan q\u00ebllime m\u00eb t\u00eb mira\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Licencimi, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e tjera ndaluese t\u00eb rregullimit (depresionit) t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb aspak t\u00eb reja dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura nga mesjetat. T\u00eb gjitha llojet e gildive, kasteve, klasave \u2014 nuk jan\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se licencim dhe certifikim, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn moderne. Dhe q\u00ebllimi i tyre gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2014 t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebn, t\u00eb rrisin \u00e7mimet, t\u00eb rrisin t\u00eb ardhurat e \u00abt\u00eb vet\u00ebve\u00bb dhe t\u00eb mos lejojn\u00eb \u00abt\u00eb huajt\u00bb. Pra, gjithashtu diskriminim dhe nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje karteli banale, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe rrit \u00e7mimet p\u00ebr konsumatorin. <\/p>\n

Mbase duhet t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb dalim nga mesjetat? Jemi n\u00eb shekullin 21.<\/p>\n

Aksidentet rrugore ndodhin nga shofer\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb leje dhe licenca. Gabimet mjek\u00ebsore kryhen nga mjek\u00eb t\u00eb diplomuar e t\u00eb licencuar. M\u00ebsuesit e licencuar dhe t\u00eb diplomuar japin nj\u00eb arsim t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe shkaktojn\u00eb trauma psikologjike te nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, sh\u00ebruesit alternativ\u00eb, homeopat\u00ebt, shaman\u00ebt dhe mashtruesit funksionojn\u00eb pa licenca dhe provime, madje edhe p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb, duke u angazhuar n\u00eb biznesin e tyre dhe duke k\u00ebnaqur k\u00ebrkesat e popullsis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e madhe zyrtar\u00ebsh mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto licencia dhe leje, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk prodhojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb mall ose sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt, por kan\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur p\u00ebr qytetarin ku duhet t\u00eb trajtohet dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet me taksat e tij<\/b>.<\/p>\n

mbetet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb befasohesh se, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr orientimit ndalimor t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve, kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike kan\u00eb arritur n\u00eb shekullin XX t\u00eb regjistrojn\u00eb shum\u00eb ila\u00e7e q\u00eb shp\u00ebtuan miliona jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dhe mbetet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb tmerrsohemi p\u00ebr numrin e madh t\u00eb medikamenteve q\u00eb nuk ishin zhvilluar, q\u00eb nuk ishin regjistruar, q\u00eb ishin shpallur ekonomikisht t\u00eb pasuksessh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kostos dhe koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb miratimit. Tmerrsohemi p\u00ebr sa shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz iu kushtoi jet\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebndet nj\u00eb rezultat q\u00eb rezultonte nga veprimtaria ndaluese e zyrtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, pranimi i nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve dhe institucionve q\u00eb licencojn\u00eb, kontrollojn\u00eb, mbik\u00ebqyrin dhe nd\u00ebshkojn\u00eb nuk e ka ulur aspak numrin e sharlatan\u00ebve, ila\u00e7eve popullore, \u00e7do lloji panaceas dhe tabletash magjike. Disa prej tyre shiten si p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs aktiv biologjik, disa thjesht shp\u00ebrndahen p\u00ebrtej \u00e7do apoteke, dyqani dhe institucioni. <\/p>\n

A duhet t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb insistojm\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb licencimit dhe rregullimit?<\/b> Mendoj se jo.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse truri i lexuesit t\u00eb nderuar dhe heroik, i cili e ka lexuar k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull deri n\u00eb fund, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb zjarr nga nj\u00eb disonanc\u00eb kognitive, do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb rekomandoja si \"rastin fillestar\" kat\u00ebr libra, t\u00eb shkruar me nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, q\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb shum\u00eb mite n\u00eb lidhje me kapitalizmin, gabimet e mbijetes\u00ebs, ekonomin\u00eb dhe kontrollin shtet\u00ebror. K\u00ebta jan\u00eb k\u00ebta libra: Milton Friedman<\/b> \u201cLiria p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur,\u201d Ayn Rand<\/b> \u201cKapitalizmi. Nj\u00eb ideal i panjohur,\u201d Steven Levitt<\/b> \u201cFreakonomics,\u201d Malcolm Gladwell<\/b> \u201cGjenit\u00eb dhe outsider\u00ebt,\u201d Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bastiat<\/b> \u201c\u00c7far\u00eb shihet dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk shihet.\u201d
\nDhe k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr artikull mbi \"gabimin e mbijetes\u00ebs.\"<\/p>\n

Ilustrimet<\/b>: McGeddon<\/a><\/noindex>, Sergey Elkin<\/a><\/noindex>, Akroleshta<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

P.S.<\/b> T\u00eb nderuar lexues, ju lutem t\u00eb mbani mend se \"Stili i polemik\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm se sa objekti i polemik\u00ebs. Objektet ndryshojn\u00eb, por stili krijon civilizimin.\" (Grigory Pomerants). N\u00ebse nuk kam p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00eb komentarin tuaj, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se di\u00e7ka nuk shkon me stilin e polemik\u00ebs tuaj.<\/p>\n

Shtesa.<\/b>
\nM\u00eb falni p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb shkruan nj\u00eb koment dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe nuk kam p\u00ebrgjigjur. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se dikush prej p\u00ebrdoruesve ka nisur t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanoj\u00eb komentet e mia. \u00c7do her\u00eb. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet. Kjo m\u00eb pengon t\u00eb grumbulloj \"karikimin\" dhe t\u00eb heq nj\u00eb plus n\u00eb karmin time p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigjet ndaj atyre q\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb komente t\u00eb vlefshme.
\nPor n\u00ebse gjithsesi doni t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje dhe t\u00eb diskutoni artikullin, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni nj\u00eb mesazh privat. Un\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigjem atyre.<\/p>\n

Shtes\u00eb 2.<\/b>
\n\"Gabimi i mbijetuesit\" n\u00eb shembullin e k\u00ebtij artikulli.
\nN\u00eb momentin e shkruarjes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj shtese, artikulli ka 33,9k shikime dhe 141 komente.
\nSupozoni se shumica e tyre jan\u00eb negative ndaj artikullit.
\nPra, artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb lexuar nga 33900 njer\u00ebz. E kan\u00eb kritikuar 100. 339 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak.
\nPra, n\u00ebse e thjeshtojm\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe me supozime, autori nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi opinionin e 33800 lexuesve, por ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna vet\u00ebm mbi opinionin e 100 lexuesve (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, madje edhe m\u00eb pak, pasi disa lexues l\u00ebn\u00eb disa komente).
\nDhe \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebn autori, pra un\u00eb, duke lexuar komentet? B\u00ebj nj\u00eb \"gabim t\u00eb mbijetuesit\" tipik. Analizoj vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebqind \"kund\u00ebr\", duke e injoruar plot\u00ebsisht (psikologjikisht) faktin se ato jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm 0.3% e mendimeve. Dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre 0.3%, q\u00eb jan\u00eb brenda gabimit statistik, arrij p\u00ebrfundimin q\u00eb artikulli nuk u p\u00eblqeu. M\u00eb bren, pa pasur asnj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00ebse e diskutoj logjikisht dhe jo emocionalisht.
\nPra, \"gabimi i mbijetuesit\" nuk ndodhet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e matematik\u00ebs, por ndoshta edhe n\u00eb psikologji dhe neurofiziologji, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb zbules\u00ebn dhe riparimin e saj nj\u00eb \"pun\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme\" p\u00ebr trurin njer\u00ebzor.<\/p>\n

Shtes\u00eb 3.<\/b>
\nMegjith\u00ebse kjo kalon p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebtij artikulli, por duke qen\u00eb se n\u00eb komentet po diskutohet shum\u00eb intensivisht p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e kontrollit t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ila\u00e7eve, po p\u00ebrgjigjem menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve.
\nAlternativa ndaj kontrollit shtet\u00ebror mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb krijimi i laborator\u00ebve ekspert\u00eb privat\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e ila\u00e7eve, duke konkuruar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. (Dhe t\u00eb till\u00eb laboratore, shoqata, institucione dhe institute tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb).
\n\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kjo? S\u00eb pari, do t\u00eb eliminoj\u00eb korrupsionin, pasi gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t'i verifikuar dhe sfiduar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ekspertiz\u00ebs s\u00eb korruptuar. S\u00eb dyti, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt dhe m\u00eb lir\u00eb. Thjesht sepse biznesi privat \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se ai shtet\u00ebror. S\u00eb treti, laborator\u00ebt ekspert\u00eb do t\u00eb shesin sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se do t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb, afatet dhe \u00e7mimet. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto s\u00eb bashku do t\u00eb ulin kostot e ila\u00e7eve n\u00eb farmaci. S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, n\u00ebse n\u00eb paketim nuk ka vul\u00eb verifikimi nga nj\u00eb laborator ekspert privat t\u00eb pavarur, madje as nga dy-tre, bler\u00ebsi do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se ila\u00e7i nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb verifikuar. Ose \u00ebsht\u00eb verifikuar shum\u00eb her\u00eb. Dhe do t\u00eb \"votoj\u00eb me lek\" p\u00ebr prodhuesin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb farmacis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shtesa 4.<\/b>
\nM\u00eb duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb merret parasysh \"gabimi i t\u00eb mbijetuarit\" gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb AI, algoritmeve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive etj.
\nPra, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb programin e m\u00ebsimit jo vet\u00ebm shembuj t\u00eb njohur, por edhe nj\u00eb lloj delfi, ndoshta edhe modele teorike t\u00eb \"t\u00eb panjohur\u00ebs s\u00eb mundshme.\"
\nMe shembujt e AI-t \u00abvizatuese\u00bb, kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, ndryshe \u00abVan Gogh + delta\u00bb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb me nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb delt\u00ebs, makina do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb filtrin bazuar n\u00eb Van Gogh, por q\u00eb nuk ngjan fare me t\u00eb.
\nNj\u00eb m\u00ebsim i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm atje ku ka nj\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: mjek\u00ebsi, gjenetik\u00eb, fizik\u00eb kuantike, astronomi etj.
\n(M\u00eb falni n\u00ebse e kam shpjeguar \u00abkeq\u00bb).<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim (shpresoj t\u00eb jet\u00eb i fundit)<\/b>
\nT\u00eb gjith\u00ebve q\u00eb e lexuat deri n\u00eb fund \u2014 \u00abFaleminderit\u00bb. M\u00eb p\u00eblqen shum\u00eb t\u00eb shoh \u00absh\u00ebnimet\u00bb dhe \u00abshikimet\u00bb tuaja.<\/p>\n

\"Gabimi<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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