{"id":52137,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Her\u00ebn e kaluar fol\u00ebm p\u00ebr karakteristikat e standardit t\u00eb ri NB-IoT nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb aksesit radio. Sot do t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshimet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur n\u00eb rrjetin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (Core Network) n\u00eb NB-IoT. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ef0e9fab23936e8ba104f65a7440a487.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e rrjetit kan\u00eb ndodhur ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Fillimisht, ka nj\u00eb element t\u00eb ri, si dhe nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb mekanizmash q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga standardi si \"CIoT EPS Optimization\" ose optimizimi i rrjetit mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs p\u00ebr internetin celular t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave. <\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 dihet, n\u00eb rrjetet mobile ekzistojn\u00eb dy kanale kryesore komunikimi, q\u00eb quhen Control Plane (CP) dhe User Plane (UP). Control Plane \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e mesazheve sh\u00ebrbyese nd\u00ebrmjet element\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit dhe sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar mobilitetin (Mobility management) e pajisjeve (UE) dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar\/rupur mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr seancat e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (Session Management). User Plane \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, kanali i transmetimit t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. N\u00eb LTE klasike, shp\u00ebrndarja e CP dhe UP p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe duket si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/b252f5ac8a9b744f82d3f81cd659de8f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMekanizmat e optimizimit CP dhe UP p\u00ebr NB-IoT realizohen n\u00eb nodet MME, SGW dhe PGW, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrcaktohen si nj\u00eb element i vet\u00ebm n\u00ebn emrin C-SGN (Cellular IoT Serving Gateway Node). Standardi gjithashtu parashikon krijimin e nj\u00eb elementi t\u00eb ri t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 SCEF (Service Capability Exposure Function). Nd\u00ebrfaqja nd\u00ebrmjet MME dhe SCEF quhet T6a dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mbi baz\u00ebn e protokollit DIAMETER. Pavar\u00ebsisht se DIAMETER \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll sinjalizimi, n\u00eb NB-IoT ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i adaptuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar sasi t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash non-IP.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/5f2b191d925485b5c841018bda52d9b5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSipas emrit, SCEF \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nod i ekspozimit t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive sh\u00ebrbimore. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, SCEF fsheh kompleksitetin e rrjetit t\u00eb operatorit, si dhe heq nga zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr identifikimin dhe autentifikimin e pajisjeve mobile (UE), duke ofruar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb serverat e aplikacioneve (Application Server, AS) t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna dhe t\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb pajisjet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeje unike API. <\/p>\n<p>Identifikues i UE nuk b\u00ebhet numri i telefonit (MSISDN) ose adresa IP, si\u00e7 ishte n\u00eb rrjetin klasik 2G\/3G\/LTE, por i ashtuquajturi \"external ID\", i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga standardi n\u00eb formatin e njohur p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve \"@\". Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e cila meriton nj\u00eb material t\u00eb ndar\u00eb, prandaj nuk do t\u00eb flasim shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tani. <\/p>\n<p>Tani do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb risit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. \"CIoT EPS Optimization\" \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizimi i mekanizmave p\u00ebr transmetimin e trafikut dhe menaxhimin e seancave t\u00eb abonent\u00ebve. Ja disa nga ato:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DoNAS <\/li>\n<li>NIDD <\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmat e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM dhe eDRX<\/li>\n<li>HLCOM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>DoNAS (Data over NAS):<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i zhvilluar p\u00ebr optimizimin e transmetimit t\u00eb sasis\u00eb s\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb LTE klasike, pajisja e abonentit gjat\u00eb regjistrimit n\u00eb rrjet krijon nj\u00eb lidhje PDN (n\u00eb vijim PDN) p\u00ebrmes eNodeB n\u00eb MME-SGW-PGW. Lidhja UE-eNodeB-MME \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur \"Signaling Radio Bearer\" (SRB). Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen\/marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, UE krijon nj\u00eb lidhje tjet\u00ebr me eNodeB \u2014 \"Data Radio Bearer\" (DRB), p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar trafikun e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb SGW dhe m\u00eb tej n\u00eb PGW (nd\u00ebrfaqet S1-U dhe S5 p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht). Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit dhe n\u00eb rast se nuk ka trafik p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar (zakonisht 5-20 sekonda), k\u00ebto lidhje nd\u00ebrpriten dhe pajisja kalon n\u00eb gjendjen e prisni ose \"Idle Mode\". Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbehen nj\u00eb sasi e re t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, SRB dhe DRB rip\u00ebrgatiten.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb NB-IoT, transmetimi i trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit mund t\u00eb realizohet p\u00ebrmes kanaleve sinjalizimi (SRB), n\u00eb mesazhet e protokollit NAS (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/more\/96-nas\">http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/more\/96-nas<\/a><\/noindex>). Krijimi i DRB m\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkohet. Kjo e ul ndjesh\u00ebm ngarkes\u00ebn e sinjalizimit, kursen burimet radio t\u00eb rrjetit dhe, m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2014 zgjat jet\u00ebn e bateris\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjes. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb segmentin eNodeB - MME, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrdoruesve fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb transmetohen p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes S1-MME, di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk ndodhte n\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb klasike LTE, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret protokolli NAS, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin paraqitet \"User data container\".<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/aa2ea680deac42cca298036d7e1fbb30.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar transmetimin e \"User Plane\" nga MME n\u00eb SGW, shfaqet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e re S11-U, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar sasi t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve. Protokolli S11-U bazohet n\u00eb GTP-U v1, i cili p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu p\u00ebr transmetimin e User Plane n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit 3GPP.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/0a295d230c8f0c1858c7eaf278ea472a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<b>NIDD (non-IP data delivery):<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Si nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e optimizimit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb mekanizmave p\u00ebr transmetimin e sasis\u00eb s\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 tipeve ekzistuese t\u00eb PDN, si IPv4, IPv6 dhe IPv4v6, shfaqet nj\u00eb tip tjet\u00ebr \u2014 non-IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, UE nuk i jepet nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat transmetohen pa p\u00ebrdorur protokollin IP. Ka disa arsye p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Pajisjet IoT, si sensor\u00ebt, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb sasi shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, 20 byte dhe madje m\u00eb pak. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh se madh\u00ebsia minimale e titullit IP \u00ebsht\u00eb 20 byte, enkriptimi n\u00eb IP ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>Nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr implementim n\u00eb \u00e7ipin e IP stekut, \u00e7ka \u00e7on n\u00eb uljen e kostos (\u00e7\u00ebshtje p\u00ebr t'u diskutuar n\u00eb komente).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nN\u00eb thelb, adresa IP \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr pajisjet IoT p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrmes internetit. N\u00eb konceptin NB-IoT, SCEF sh\u00ebrben si pika e vetme e lidhjes AS, dhe shk\u00ebmbimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis pajisjeve dhe server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve ndodh p\u00ebrmes API. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb SCEF, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat non-IP mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen tek AS p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb tuneli Point-to-Point (PtP) nga PGW dhe inkapsulimi n\u00eb IP do t\u00eb realizohet aty.<\/p>\n<p>E gjith\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrputhet me paradigmat e NB-IoT \u2014 maksimalizimi i thjesht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe ulja e kostove p\u00ebr pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mekanizmat e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM dhe eDRX:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga avantazhet kryesore t\u00eb rrjeteve LPWAN \u00ebsht\u00eb efikasiteti energjetik. Tregohet nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb deri n\u00eb 10 vjet pun\u00eb autonome t\u00eb pajisjes me nj\u00eb bateri. Le t\u00eb shohim se si arrihen k\u00ebto vlera. <\/p>\n<p>Kur pajisja konsumon m\u00eb pak energji? Sakt\u00eb, kur ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e fikur. Dhe n\u00ebse nuk mund t\u00eb fikim plot\u00ebsisht pajisjen, le t\u00eb fikim modul\u00ebn radio, p\u00ebr at\u00eb periudh\u00eb kur nuk kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Por duhet t\u00eb merret parasysh nga rrjeti p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kjo.<\/p>\n<p> <b>PSM (Power saving mode):<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Rejimi i kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM lejon pajisjes t\u00eb fik\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb modul\u00ebn radio, duke mbetur regjistruar n\u00eb rrjet, dhe pa rip\u00ebrtrir\u00eb PDN \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb ditur rrjeti se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e disponueshme, ajo periodikisht fillon procedur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit \u2014 Tracking Area Update (TAU). Frekuenca e k\u00ebsaj procedure p\u00ebrcaktohet nga rrjeti p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb timeri T3412, vlera e t\u00eb cilit i kalon pajisjes gjat\u00eb procedur\u00ebs Attach ose TAU e ardhshme. N\u00eb LTE klasik, vlera e paravendosur e k\u00ebtij timeri \u00ebsht\u00eb 54 minuta, dhe maksimumi \u2014 186 minuta. Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar efikasitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb energjetik, nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb radio \u00e7do 186 minuta \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb luks shum\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, u zhvillua mekanizmi PSM.<\/p>\n<p>Pajisja aktivizon rejimin PSM duke d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb mesazhet 'Attach Request' ose 'Tracking Area Request' vlerat e dy timer\u00ebve T3324 dhe T3412-Extended. I pari p\u00ebrcakton koh\u00ebn gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs pajisja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e disponueshme pas kalimit n\u00eb 'Idle Mode'. I dyti \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb koha, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb kryhet TAU, vet\u00ebm tani, vlera e tij mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb 35712000 sekonda ose 413 dit\u00eb. N\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve, MME mund t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb vlerat e timer\u00ebve q\u00eb merr nga pajisja, ose t'i ndryshoj\u00eb ato duke u d\u00ebrguar vlera t\u00eb reja n\u00eb mesazhet 'Attach Accept' ose 'Tracking Area Update Accept'. Tani pajisja mund t\u00eb mos aktivizoj\u00eb modul\u00ebn radio p\u00ebr 413 dit\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mbetet regjistruar n\u00eb rrjet. Si rezultat, arrijm\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomizim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb rrjetit dhe efikasitet energjetik t\u00eb pajisjeve!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2ac7fdc892c8b569b5b19a33472c6045.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMegjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb e paarritshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr komunikimet e hyrshme. Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb informacion n\u00eb serverin e aplikacioneve, pajisja mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do moment nga PSM dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, duke mbetur pas k\u00ebsaj aktive p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar sipas timerit T3324 p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb mesazhe informacioni nga AS (n\u00ebse ka t\u00eb tilla).<\/p>\n<p><b>eDRX (extended discontinuous reception):<\/b><\/p>\n<p>eDRX, regjimi i zgjeruar i pranimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb pajisjen q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb 'Idle mode', rrjeti kryen procedur\u00ebn e njoftimit \u2014 'Paging'. Kur merr njoftimin, pajisja fillon krijimin e SRB p\u00ebr komunikim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm me rrjetin. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos humbur mesazhin e adresuar nga 'Paging', pajisja duhet t\u00eb monitoroj\u00eb vazhdimisht frekuenc\u00ebn e radios, gj\u00eb q\u00eb gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e shtrenjt\u00eb energjetikisht. <\/p>\n<p>eDRX \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb regjim, ku pajisja pranon mesazhe nga rrjeti jo vazhdimisht, por periodikisht. Gjat\u00eb procedurave Attach ose TAU, pajisja ia p\u00ebrcakton rrjetit intervalet e koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb 'd\u00ebgjoj\u00eb' frekuenc\u00ebn. P\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb k\u00ebto intervale do t\u00eb kryhet procedura e 'Paging'. N\u00eb modin e eDRX, puna e pajisjes ndahet n\u00eb cikle (cikli eDRX). N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb \u00e7do cikli \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb quhet 'dritarja e pagingut' (Paging Time Window, PST) \u2014 ky \u00ebsht\u00eb koha gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs pajisja d\u00ebgjon kanalin e radios. Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb PST, pajisja fik p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht modul\u00ebn radio deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb ciklit.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/924110cbe84765d11efec28238de3dd1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<b>HLCOM (high latency communication):<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb Uplink, pajisja mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga cilido prej k\u00ebtyre dy regjimeve t\u00eb kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, pa pritur q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb cikli PSM ose eDRX. Por t'i d\u00ebrgoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna pajisjes \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, vet\u00ebm kur ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive.<\/p>\n<p>Funksionaliteti HLCOM ose komunikimi me vonesa t\u00eb larta \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb buferizimi i paketeve Downlink n\u00eb SGW p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb kur pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe e pap\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr komunikim. Paketat e buferizuara do t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohen sa her\u00eb pajisja del nga PSM, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb TAU ose duke transferuar trafik Uplink, ose kur t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb PTW.<\/p>\n<p>Kjo, pa dyshim, k\u00ebrkon vet\u00ebdije nga ana e zhvilluesve t\u00eb produkteve IoT, pasi komunikimi me pajisjen nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb biznesit t\u00eb aplikacioneve.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim mund t\u00eb themi: implementimi i noviteteve \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb emocionues, dhe tani po merremi me nj\u00eb standard q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb testuar plot\u00ebsisht as nga 'gigant\u00ebt' e bot\u00ebs, si Vodafone dhe Telefonica \u2013 prandaj kjo e b\u00ebn edhe m\u00eb emocionuese. Prezentimi yn\u00eb nuk pretendon p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb plot\u00eb, por shpresojm\u00eb se ofron nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb. 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