{"id":52138,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora","title":{"rendered":"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>N\u00eb artikullin \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ru_mts\/blog\/431648\/\">NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 2<\/a><\/noindex>\", duke folur p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb paketave t\u00eb rrjetit NB-IoT, p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm shfaqjen e nj\u00eb node t\u00eb re SCEF. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb, shpjegojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/95652a1e2bfce0589b51b106ebf6e64f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKur krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim M2M, zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve p\u00ebrballen me k\u00ebto pyetje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>si t\u00eb identifikojn\u00eb pajisjet;<\/li>\n<li>cili algorit\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr verifikimin dhe konfirmimin e autenticitetit;<\/li>\n<li>cili protokoll transporti t\u00eb zgjidhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me pajisjet;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb sigurohet dor\u00ebzimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb pajisje;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb organizohen dhe vendosen rregullat p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me to;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb kontrollohet dhe t\u00eb merret informacion n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale p\u00ebr gjendjen e tyre;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup pajisjesh;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nga nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb disa klient\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>si t\u00eb arrihet qasje e unifikuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e tjera t\u00eb operatorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pajisjes s\u00eb tij. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto probleme, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb krijohen zgjidhje teknike proprietar\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb \"t\u00eb r\u00ebnda\", gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rritjen e pun\u00ebs dhe koh\u00ebs p\u00ebr t'u futur n\u00eb treg t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve. K\u00ebtu vjen n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb nodi i ri SCEF.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sipas p\u00ebrkufizimit 3GPP, SCEF (funksioni i ekspozimit t\u00eb kapaciteteve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komponent krejt\u00ebsisht i ri i arkitektur\u00ebs 3GPP, me funksionin e tij t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb ekspozimin e sigurt t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe mund\u00ebsive q\u00eb ofrohen nga nd\u00ebrfaqet rrjetore 3GPP p\u00ebrmes API-s\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta, SCEF \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs midis rrjetit dhe serverit t\u00eb aplikacioneve (application server - AS), nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr aksesin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pajisjeve t\u00eb tij M2M n\u00eb rrjetin NB-IoT p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeje intuitive dhe standardizuese API.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF fsheh kompleksitetin e rrjetit t\u00eb operatorit, duke lejuar zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve t\u00eb abstenojn\u00eb nga mekanizmat e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe specifik\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit me pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p>Duke transformimit t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe API t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve, SCEF leht\u00ebson krijimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb reja dhe zvog\u00eblon koh\u00ebn deri n\u00eb treg. Po ashtu, nodi i ri p\u00ebrfshin funksione p\u00ebr identifikimin\/autentikimin e pajisjeve mobile, p\u00ebrcaktimin e rregullave t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis pajisjes dhe AS, duke hequr nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve q\u00eb t\u00eb implementojn\u00eb k\u00ebto funksione n\u00eb an\u00ebn e tyre, duke i kaluar k\u00ebto funksione n\u00eb duar t\u00eb operatorit.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF mbledh n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend nd\u00ebrfaqet e nevojshme p\u00ebr autentikimin dhe autorizimin e server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve, mbajtjen e l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb UE, transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe aktivizimin e pajisjeve, si dhe aksesin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb tjera dhe mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb operatorit t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e vetme T8 shkon n\u00eb AS, nd\u00ebrfaqe API (HTTP\/JSON), e standardizuar nga 3GPP. T\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 T8, funksionojn\u00eb mbi protokollin DIAMETER (shih figura 1).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6538d7d9e0d94244e6415b78f080b159.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT6a \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqja midis SCEF dhe MME. P\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr procedurat e menaxhimit t\u00eb l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebris\u00eb\/sesionit, transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave non-IP, provizionimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb monitorimit dhe marrjen e raporteve p\u00ebr to.<\/p>\n<p>S6t \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqe midis SCEF dhe HSS. E nevojshme p\u00ebr autentikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve, autorizimin e server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve, marrjen e lidhjes midis ID jashtme dhe IMSI\/MSISDN, provizionimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb monitorimit dhe marrjen e raporteve p\u00ebr to.<\/p>\n<p>S6m\/T4 \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqet nga SCEF n\u00eb HSS dhe SMS-C (n\u00eb 3GPP, pika e definuar \u00ebsht\u00eb MTC-IWF, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr aktivizimin e pajisjeve dhe transmetimin e SMS n\u00eb rrjetet NB-IoT. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha implementimet, funksionaliteti i k\u00ebsaj ndihme \u00ebsht\u00eb integruar n\u00eb SCEF, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb simplifikuar skemat, ne nuk do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb ve\u00e7mas). P\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr marrjen e informacionit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e SMS dhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me qendr\u00ebn SMS.<\/p>\n<p>T8 \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqja API p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin e SCEF me server\u00ebt e aplikacioneve. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqe kalojn\u00eb si komandat menaxhuese ashtu edhe trafiku.<\/p>\n<p>*n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe, k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb renditur vet\u00ebm ato m\u00eb kryesoret. Lista e plot\u00eb jepet n\u00eb 3GPP 23.682 (4.3.2 Lista e Pikave Referuese).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb listuara funksionet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet kryesore t\u00eb SCEF:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lidhi identifikuesin e kart\u00ebs SIM (IMSI) me ID-n\u00eb jashtme; <\/li>\n<li>transmetimi i trafikut non-IP (Dor\u00ebzimi i t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave Noin-IP, NIDD);<\/li>\n<li>operacione grupi, duke p\u00ebrdorur ID-n\u00eb e grupit jashtm\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modalitetin e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me konfirmim;<\/li>\n<li>bufersi MO (Mobile Originated) dhe MT (Mobile Terminated) t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave;<\/li>\n<li>autentifikimi dhe autorizimi i pajisjeve dhe server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nj\u00eb UE nga disa AS;<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr funksione t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb UE (MONTE \u2013 Monitoring Events);<\/li>\n<li>aktivizimi i pajisjeve;<\/li>\n<li>sigurimi i roaming-ut t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave non-IP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nParimi kryesor i bashk\u00ebpunimit midis AS dhe SCEF bazohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur 'abonimeve'. Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb merret qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar, SCEF p\u00ebr nj\u00eb UE t\u00eb caktuar, serveri i aplikacioneve duhet t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb abonim duke d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb API t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb identifikues unik. Pas k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb gjitha veprimet dhe komunikimet e m\u00ebtejshme me UE n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sh\u00ebrbimi do t\u00eb realizohen duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb identifikues.<\/p>\n<p><b>ID e Jashtme: identifikuesi universale i pajisjes<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebpunimit AS me pajisjet gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes SCEF \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqja e identifikuesit universal. Tani, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 numrit t\u00eb telefonit (MSISDN) ose adres\u00ebs IP, si\u00e7 ishte n\u00eb rrjetin klasik 2G\/3G\/LTE, identifikuesi i pajisjes p\u00ebr serverin e aplikacioneve b\u00ebhet \"external ID\". Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga standardi n\u00eb formatin e njohur p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve \"@\".<\/p>\n<p>Zhvilluesit nuk kan\u00eb m\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb implementojn\u00eb algoritme autentikimi p\u00ebr pajisjet, rrjeti e merr plot\u00ebsisht k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion mbi vete. External ID \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me IMSI, dhe zhvilluesi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i sigurt se duke u drejtuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb external ID t\u00eb caktuar, ai bashk\u00ebvepron me nj\u00eb kart\u00eb SIM t\u00eb caktuar. Kur p\u00ebrdoret \u00e7ipi SIM, krijohet nj\u00eb situat\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht unike, ku external ID identifikon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb caktuar!<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb IMSI mund t\u00eb lidhet me disa external ID \u2013 k\u00ebshtu krijohet nj\u00eb situat\u00eb edhe m\u00eb interesante, ku external ID identifikon sakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb aplikacion t\u00eb caktuar q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje specifike.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu shfaqet nj\u00eb identifikues grupi - external group ID, i cili p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb set identifikuesish t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb external ID. Tani, me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb SCEF AS, mund t\u00eb nisin operacione grupore - d\u00ebrgimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose komandave t\u00eb kontrollit p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup logjik t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shkak se p\u00ebr zhvilluesit AS kalimi n\u00eb identifikuesin e ri t\u00eb pajisjes nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb momental, SCEF la mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e komunikimit t\u00eb AS me UE p\u00ebrmes numrit standard - MSISDN.<\/p>\n<p><b>Transferimi i trafikut non-IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb NB-IoT, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb optimizimit t\u00eb mekanizmave t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb volumit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 llojeve ekzistuese t\u00eb PDN, si IPv4, IPv6 dhe IPv4v6, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr - non-IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, pajisjes (UE) nuk i jepet nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat transferohen pa p\u00ebrdorimin e protokollit IP. Trafiku p\u00ebr k\u00ebto lidhje mund t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzohet n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra: n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn klasike - MME -&gt; SGW -&gt; PGW dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrmes tunelit PtP deri te AS (shih. 2) ose duke p\u00ebrdorur SCEF (shih. 3). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/557caf393c9da84fc635c57bb5ecf4a5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMetoda klasike nuk ofron ndonj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me trafikun IP, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se ul ndihm\u00ebn e paketave t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb titujve IP. P\u00ebrdorimi i SCEF hap nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm mund\u00ebsish t\u00eb reja dhe e thjeshton ndjesh\u00ebm procedur\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrveprimit me pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes SCEF shfaqen dy p\u00ebrfitime shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme krahasuar me trafikun klasik IP: <\/p>\n<p><u>D\u00ebrgimi i trafikut MT n\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebrmes ID-s\u00eb ekstern.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb mesazh n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje klasike IP, AS duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb adres\u00ebn e saj IP. K\u00ebtu lind problemi: pasi pajisja n\u00eb regjistrim zakonisht merr nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP 't\u00eb zez\u00eb', ajo komunikon me serverin e aplikacioneve q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nyjeje NAT, ku ndodh p\u00ebrkthimi i adres\u00ebs 't\u00eb zez\u00eb' n\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. Lidhja midis adresave 't\u00eb zeza' dhe 't\u00eb bardha' mbahet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve NAT. N\u00eb mesatare p\u00ebr TCP ose UDP \u2014 jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb minuta. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, n\u00ebse brenda 5 minutash nuk ka shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, lidhja do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet, dhe pajisja do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet nga adres\u00eb e bardh\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u iniciua sesioni me AS. Ekzistojn\u00eb disa zgjidhje: <\/p>\n<p>1. P\u00ebrdorimi i heartbeat. Pasi t\u00eb vendoset nj\u00eb lidhje, pajisja duhet t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbej\u00eb paketa me AS \u00e7do disa minuta, duke mos lejuar mbylljen e transmetimeve n\u00eb NAT. Por k\u00ebtu nuk mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb efikasitet energjie. <\/p>\n<p>2. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, kontrolloni pranin\u00eb e paketimeve p\u00ebr pajisjen n\u00eb AS \u2014 d\u00ebrgoni nj\u00eb mesazh n\u00eb uplink.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb APN privat (VRF), ku serveri i aplikacioneve dhe pajisjet do t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn subnet, dhe t'i caktoni pajisjeve adresa IP statike. Do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb gati e pamundur kur flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb park prej mij\u00ebra, dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra pajisjesh.<\/p>\n<p>4. N\u00eb fund, opsioni m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm: p\u00ebrdorimi i IPv6, pasi nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr NAT, pasi adresat IPv6 jan\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme nga interneti direkt. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kur pajisja regjistrohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, ajo do t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb re IPv6 dhe nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e aksesueshme me adres\u00ebn e m\u00ebparshme. <\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni nj\u00eb paket\u00eb inicializuese me identifikuesin e pajisjes n\u00eb server, p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar adres\u00ebn e re IP t\u00eb pajisjes. M\u00eb pas, prisni nj\u00eb paket\u00eb konfirmuese nga AS, q\u00eb gjithashtu ndikon n\u00eb efikasitetin energjik.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebto metoda funksionojn\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisjet 2G\/3G\/LTE, ku nuk ka k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb rrepta p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb autonomis\u00eb dhe, si rezultat, nuk ka kufizime n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e transmetimit dhe trafik. P\u00ebr NB-IoT, k\u00ebto metoda nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF zgjidh k\u00ebt\u00eb problem: duke qen\u00eb se identifikatori i vet\u00ebm i pajisjes p\u00ebr AS \u00ebsht\u00eb external ID, AS mjafton t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb SCEF p\u00ebr nj\u00eb external ID t\u00eb caktuar, nd\u00ebrsa SCEF do t\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr. N\u00ebse pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb modin e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM ose eDRX, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do t\u00eb ruhen dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen kur pajisja t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e disponueshme. N\u00ebse pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr trafik, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr komandat e menaxhimit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do moment, AS mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb mesazhin e ruajtur drejt UE ose ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n<p>Mekanizmi i ruajtjes gjithashtu mund t\u00eb aplikohet p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave MO nga UE drejt AS. N\u00ebse SCEF nuk mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb AS menj\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse po kryhen pun\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi n\u00eb serverat e AS, k\u00ebto paketa do t\u00eb ruhen dhe do t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohen me siguri sapo AS t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i disponuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>Si u tha m\u00eb lart, aksesimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar dhe UE p\u00ebr AS (n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin NIDD \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim) rregullohet nga rregullat dhe politikat nga ana e SCEF, duke lejuar nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi unike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nj\u00eb UE nga disa AS n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse disa AS regjistrohen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb UE, pas marrjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga UE, SCEF do t'u d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb ato t\u00eb gjitha AS-ve t\u00eb regjistruara. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr raste kur krijuesi i nj\u00eb parku t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb specializuara ndan t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mes disa klient\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rrjet stacionesh meteorologjike q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb mbi NB-IoT, mund t\u00eb shes\u00ebsh t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga ato n\u00eb shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb garantuar t\u00eb mesazheve <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sh\u00ebrbimi i Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Besueshme - mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb garantuar t\u00eb mesazheve MO dhe MT pa p\u00ebrdorimin e algoritmeve t\u00eb specializuara n\u00eb nivelin e protokollit, si p\u00ebr shembull, handshake n\u00eb TCP. Funksionon p\u00ebrmes aktivizimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb flag t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn informative t\u00eb mesazhit gjat\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit mes UE dhe SCEF. Aktivizimi ose jo i k\u00ebtij mekanizmi gjat\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb trafikut vendoset nga AS.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse mekanizmi aktivizohet, UE do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb nj\u00eb flamur t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb paket\u00ebs p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e garantuar t\u00eb trafikut MO. Pas marrjes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pakete, SCEF u p\u00ebrgjigjet UE me nj\u00eb konfirmim. N\u00ebse UE nuk merr paket\u00ebn me konfirmim, paketa n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb SCEF do t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritet. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb ndodh edhe p\u00ebr trafikun MT.<\/p>\n<p><b>Monitorimi i pajisjeve (ngjarjet e monitorimit - MONTE)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, funksionaliteti SCEF, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash, p\u00ebrfshin funksione p\u00ebr kontrollin e statusit t\u00eb UE, t\u00eb njohura si monitorimi i pajisjeve. Dhe n\u00ebse identifikuesit e rinj dhe mekanizmat e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave jan\u00eb optimizime (madje shum\u00eb serioze) t\u00eb procedurave t\u00eb ekzistuara, MONTE \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb funksionalitet krejt\u00ebsisht i ri, i paqart\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet 2G\/3G\/LTE. MONTE lejon AS t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb parametrat e till\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve si statusi i lidhjes, disponueshm\u00ebria p\u00ebr komunikim, vendndodhja, statusi i roamingut, etj. M\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi \u00e7do nj\u00eb do t\u00eb japim pak m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rast nevoje p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar ndonj\u00eb ngjarje monitorimi p\u00ebr pajisjen ose grupin e pajisjeve, AS regjistrohet n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs duke d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb SCEF komand\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse API MONTE, e cila p\u00ebrfshin parametra t\u00eb till\u00eb si ID e jashtme ose ID e grupit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, identifikuesi AS, lloji i monitorimit, numri i raporteve q\u00eb AS d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb marr\u00eb. N\u00ebse AS \u00ebsht\u00eb i autorizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, SCEF, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb llojit, provizionon ngjarjen n\u00eb HSS ose MME (fig. 4). Pasi t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb ngjarja, MME ose HSS gjenerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb raport drejt SCEF, i cili e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb n\u00eb AS.<\/p>\n<p>Provizionimi i t\u00eb gjitha ngjarjeve, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \"Numri i UEs t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb gjeografike\", ndodh p\u00ebrmes HSS. Dy ngjarjet \"Ndryshimi i Asocimit IMSI-IMEI\" dhe \"Statusi i Nd\u00ebrlidhjes\" monitorohen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb HSS, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjerat HSS i provizionon n\u00eb MME.<br \/>\nNgjarjet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb si nj\u00eb her\u00eb, ashtu edhe periodike, dhe varen nga lloji i tyre.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da265ed0443b7459d28101aa07adf221.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nD\u00ebrgimi i raportit p\u00ebr ngjarjen (raportimi) realizohet nga nyja q\u00eb monitoron ngjarjen, drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb SCEF (fig. 5).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si e funksionon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 dritarja unike p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9b385bbc324f14e1d484f1949d926b34.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Moment i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm:<\/b> ngjarjet e monitorimit mund t\u00eb aplikohen si p\u00ebr pajisjet non-IP q\u00eb lidhen p\u00ebrmes SCEF, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr pajisjet IP q\u00eb transferojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb klasike p\u00ebrmes MME-SGW-PGW.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje secil\u00ebn nga ngjarjet e monitorimit:<\/p>\n<p><u>Humbja e lidhjes<\/u> \u2014 informon AS se UE nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e disponueshme as p\u00ebr trafik t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash dhe as p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbim sinjalizimi. Ngjarja ndodh kur \u201cmobile reachability timer\u201d p\u00ebr UE skadon n\u00eb MME. N\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj monitorimi, AS mund t\u00eb specifikoj\u00eb vler\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb \u201cMaximum Detection Time\u201d \u2014 n\u00ebse brenda k\u00ebsaj periudhe UE nuk tregon asnj\u00eb aktivitet, AS do t\u00eb informohet se UE nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme, me shpjegimin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs. Ngjarja gjithashtu ndodh n\u00ebse UE p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb fshir\u00eb me forc\u00eb nga rrjeti.<\/p>\n<p>* P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e disponueshme, rrjeti kryen periodikisht procedur\u00ebn e azhurnimit \u2014 Tracking Area Update (TAU). Frekuenca e k\u00ebsaj procedure p\u00ebrcaktohet nga rrjeti p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb timer-i T3412 (ose T3412_extended n\u00eb rastin e PSM), vlera e t\u00eb cilit i d\u00ebrgohet pajisjes gjat\u00eb procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb Attach ose TAU t\u00eb radh\u00ebs. Timer-i i arritshm\u00ebris\u00eb mobile zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb disa minuta m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb se T3412. N\u00ebse UE nuk kryen TAU para skadimit t\u00eb 'Mobile reachability timer', rrjeti e konsideron at\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb arritshme. <\/p>\n<p><u>UE reachability<\/u> \u2013 Tregon kur UE b\u00ebhet e disponueshme p\u00ebr trafikun DL ose SMS. Kjo ndodh kur UE b\u00ebhet e disponueshme p\u00ebr paging (p\u00ebr UE n\u00eb modalitetin e eDRX) ose kur UE kalon n\u00eb modalitetin ECM-CONNECTED (p\u00ebr UE n\u00eb modalitetin PSM ose eDRX), dmth. kryen TAU ose d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb uplink.<\/p>\n<p><u>Raportimi i vendndodhjes<\/u> \u2013 Ky\u00e7i i k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve lejon AS t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr vendndodhjen e UE. Mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet ose vendndodhja aktuale (Current Location) ose vendndodhja e fundit e njohur (Last Known Location, e cila p\u00ebrcaktohet nga cell ID nga i cili pajisja b\u00ebri TAU ose transferoi trafik p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit), q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb modet e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM ose eDRX. P\u00ebr \u201cCurrent Location\u201d, AS mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb raporte p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit\u00ebse, dhe MME do t\u00eb informoj\u00eb AS \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb vendndodhja e pajisjes ndryshon. <\/p>\n<p><u>Ndryshimi i asocimit IMSI-IMEI<\/u> \u2013 Kur aktivizohet ky ngjarje, SCEF fillon t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb ndryshimin e lidhjes IMSI (identifikuesit t\u00eb kart\u00ebs SIM) dhe IMEI (identifikuesit t\u00eb pajisjes). Kur ndodh ngjarja \u2014 informon AS. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr ri-lidhjen automatike t\u00eb ID-s\u00eb externer me pajisjen gjat\u00eb punimeve planifikuese p\u00ebr z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim ose si nj\u00eb identifikues p\u00ebr vjedhjen e pajisjes.<\/p>\n<p><u>Statusi i roaming-ut<\/u> \u2013 Ky lloj monitorimi p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse UE \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e tij t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb apo n\u00eb rrjetin e nj\u00eb partneri roaming. Opcionalisht, mund t\u00eb transmetohet PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) i operatorit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb regjistruar.<\/p>\n<p><u>D\u00ebshtimi i komunikimit<\/u> \u2013 Ky\u00e7i i k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb monitorimit informon AS p\u00ebr d\u00ebshtimet n\u00eb komunikim me pajisjen, bazuar n\u00eb shkaqet e nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes (kode shkaktari \u00e7lirimi) t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga rrjeti i aksesit radio (protokolli S1-AP). Ky ngjarje mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e arsyeve se pse ndodhi d\u00ebshtimi i komunikimit \u2014 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve n\u00eb rrjet, p\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebs eNodeb (Burimet radio nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme) ose p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb vet\u00eb pajisjes (Lidhja radio me UE \u00ebsht\u00eb humbur). <\/p>\n<p><u>Disponueshm\u00ebria pas d\u00ebshtimit DDN<\/u> \u2013 kjo ngjarje informon AS se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e disponueshme pas d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb komunikimit. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna te pajisja, por p\u00ebrpjekja e m\u00ebparshme ishte e pasuksesshme, pasi UE nuk iu p\u00ebrgjigj njoftimit nga rrjeti (p\u00ebrcjellja), dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk u dor\u00ebzuan. N\u00ebse ky lloj monitorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar p\u00ebr UE, sa her\u00eb q\u00eb pajisja t\u00eb kryej\u00eb nj\u00eb komunikim hyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb TAU ose t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb uplink, AS do t\u00eb informohet se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e disponueshme. Duke qen\u00eb se procedura DDN (njoftimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebna posht\u00eb) funksionon midis MME dhe S\/P-GW, ky lloj monitorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet IP.<\/p>\n<p><u>Statusi i lidhjes PDN<\/u> \u2013 informon AS p\u00ebr ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb pajisjes (statusi i lidhjes PDN) \u2014 lidhjes (aktivizimi i PDN) ose ndaljes (shk\u00ebputja e PDN). Kjo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb inicuar komunikimin me UE, ose anasjelltas, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se komunikimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i mundur. Ky tip monitorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet IP dhe non-IP.<\/p>\n<p><u>Numri i UE-ve t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb geografike<\/u> \u2013 ky tip monitorimi p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar numrin e UE-ve n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar geografike.<\/p>\n<p><b>Aktivizimi i pajisjeve (Device triggering<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rrjetet 2G\/3G procedura e regjistrimit n\u00eb rrjet ishte me dy hapa: fillimisht pajisja regjistrohej n\u00eb SGSN (procedura attach), pastaj, n\u00ebse ishte e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, aktivizohej konteksti PDP \u2013 lidhja me port\u00ebn e paketave (GGSN). N\u00eb rrjetet 3G k\u00ebto dy procedura ndodhnin nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs, dmth pajisja nuk prisnin momentin kur duhej t\u00eb transferonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, por aktivizonte PDP menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procedur\u00ebs attach. N\u00eb LTE k\u00ebto dy procedura ishin t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb, dmth gjat\u00eb attach pajisja k\u00ebrkonte menj\u00ebher\u00eb aktivizimin e lidhjes PDN (analog PDP n\u00eb 2G\/3G) p\u00ebrmes eNodeB n\u00eb MME-SGW-PGW.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb NB-IoT \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nj\u00eb metod\u00eb lidhjeje si \"attach without PDN\", dometh\u00ebn\u00eb UE b\u00ebn lidhjen pa krijuar nj\u00eb lidhje PDN. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr transferimin e trafikut dhe mund vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb ose d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb SMS. P\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb p\u00ebr aktivizimin e PDN dhe lidhjen me AS n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb till\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar funksionaliteti \"Device triggering\". <\/p>\n<p>Kur merr komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr lidhjen e nj\u00eb UE t\u00eb till\u00eb nga AS, SCEF p\u00ebrmes SMS-qendr\u00ebs iniciaton d\u00ebrgimin e nj\u00eb SMS kontrolli n\u00eb pajisje. Pas marrjes s\u00eb SMS-s\u00eb, pajisja aktivizon PDN dhe lidhet me AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb udh\u00ebzime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/p>\n<p>Ka raste kur n\u00eb SCEF skadon abonimi p\u00ebr pajisjen. Po, abonimi ka nj\u00eb afat t\u00eb vet, t\u00eb caktuar nga operatori ose t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshura me AS. Pas skadimit t\u00eb tij, PDN do t\u00eb deaktivizohet n\u00eb MME, dhe pajisja do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e pa aksesueshme p\u00ebr AS. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, gjithashtu do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb funksionaliteti \"Device triggering\". Pas marrjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb reja nga AS, SCEF do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb statusin e lidhjes s\u00eb pajisjes dhe do t'i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrmes kanaleve SMS.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Funksionaliteti i SCEF, sigurisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr dhe vazhdon t\u00eb evoluoj\u00eb dhe zgjerohet. Aktualisht, p\u00ebr SCEF jan\u00eb standardizuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dhjet\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime. Tani kemi prekur vet\u00ebm funksionet kryesore dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara nga zhvilluesit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb artikujt e ardhsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n<p><b>Menj\u00ebher\u00eb lind pyetja, si t\u00eb merrni akses testues n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \"mrekulli\"-n\u00ebn lidhje p\u00ebr testim paraprak dhe diagnostikim t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive? \u00c7do zhvillues mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb iot.info@mts.ru, ku mjafton t\u00eb tregoni q\u00ebllimin e lidhjes, p\u00ebrshkrimin e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rastit dhe informacionin e kontaktit p\u00ebr lidhje.<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nHasta la vista!<\/p>\n<p><i>Shkruar nga: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>eksperti i lart\u00eb i zgjidhjeve konvergjente dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve multimediale Sergey Novikov <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/sanov\/\" class=\"user_link\">sanov<\/a><\/noindex>, <\/li>\n<li>eksperti i zgjidhjeve konvergjente dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve multimediale Alexey Lapshin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/aslapsh\/\" class=\"user_link\">aslapsh<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ru_mts\/blog\/473982\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u00abNB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 NB-IoT, \u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430 SCEF. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e? \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 M2M-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u00abNB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 NB-IoT, \u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430 SCEF. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e? \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 M2M-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47NB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? 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Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit | ProHoster","description":"N\u00eb artikullin \"NB-IoT: si funksionon? Pjesa 2\", duke folur p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb paketave t\u00eb rrjetit NB-IoT, p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm shfaqjen e nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb re SCEF. Shpjegojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo dhe p\u00ebrse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme? 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