{"id":52138,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora","title":{"rendered":"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>N\u00eb artikullin \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ru_mts\/blog\/431648\/\">NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 2<\/a><\/noindex>\", duke folur p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e kernelit t\u00eb paketave t\u00eb rrjetit NB-IoT, p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm shfaqjen e nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-nyjeje t\u00eb re SCEF. Shpjegojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb i nevojitet?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/95652a1e2bfce0589b51b106ebf6e64f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKur krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim M2M, zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve p\u00ebrballen me pyetje t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si t\u00eb identifikoni pajisjet;<\/li>\n<li>Cilin algorit\u00ebm t\u00eb verifikimit dhe konfirmimit t\u00eb autenticitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni;<\/li>\n<li>Cilin protokoll transporti t\u00eb zgjidhni p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me pajisjet;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb sigurohet dor\u00ebzimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb pajisje;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb organizoni dhe t\u00eb vendosni rregullat p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me to;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb kontrolloni dhe t\u00eb merrni informacion n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale p\u00ebr gjendjen e tyre;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup pajisjesh;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb disa klient\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht;<\/li>\n<li>Si t\u00eb merrni qasje t\u00eb unifikuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet shtes\u00eb t\u00eb operatorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pajisjes suaj. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto probleme, shpesh krijohen zgjidhje teknike \u00abt\u00eb r\u00ebnda\u00bb proprietare, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rritjen e kostove t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tregut p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet. K\u00ebtu vjen n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb n\u00ebn-nyja e re SCEF.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sipas p\u00ebrkufizimit 3GPP, SCEF (funksioni i ekspozimit t\u00eb kapaciteteve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komponent i ri i arkitektur\u00ebs 3GPP, i cili ka funksionin e ekspozimit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb ofruara nga nd\u00ebrfaqet rrjetore 3GPP n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet API. <\/p>\n<p>Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta, SCEF \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs midis rrjetit dhe serverit t\u00eb aplikacioneve (application server \u2013 AS), nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pajisjes suaj M2M n\u00eb rrjetin NB-IoT n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe API hyn\u00ebse dhe t\u00eb standardizuar.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF fsheh kompliksitetin e rrjetit t\u00eb operatorit, duke u lejuar zhvilluesve t\u00eb aplikacioneve t\u00eb abstrohen nga mekanizmat kompleks\u00eb dhe specifik\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit me pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p>Duke transformimit t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe API q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve, SCEF leht\u00ebson krijimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb reja dhe zvog\u00eblon koh\u00ebn e tregut. Gjithashtu, nyja e re p\u00ebrfshin funksione p\u00ebr identifikimin\/authentikimin e pajisjeve mobile, p\u00ebrcaktimin e rregullave p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis pajisjes dhe AS, duke hequr nevoj\u00ebn q\u00eb zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve t\u00eb implementojn\u00eb k\u00ebto funksione n\u00eb an\u00ebn e tyre, duke i kaluar k\u00ebto funksione n\u00eb krah\u00ebt e operatorit.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF lidh nd\u00ebrfaqet e nevojshme p\u00ebr autentifikimin dhe autorizimin e server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebrin\u00eb UE, shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe aktivizimin e pajisjeve, qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime dhe mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb operatorit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb AS shkon nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e vetme T8, nd\u00ebrfaqe API (HTTP\/JSON), e standardizuar nga 3GPP. T\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 T8, punojn\u00eb mbi baz\u00ebn e protokollit DIAMETER (fig. 1).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6538d7d9e0d94244e6415b78f080b159.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT6a \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe midis SCEF dhe MME. P\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr procedurat e menaxhimit t\u00eb L\u00ebvizshm\u00ebris\u00eb\/Sesionit, p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave non-IP, p\u00ebr provizionimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb monitorimit dhe marrjen e raporteve p\u00ebr to.<\/p>\n<p>S6t \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqe midis SCEF dhe HSS. Nevojitet p\u00ebr autentifikimin e abonentit, autorizimin e server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve, marrjen e lidhjes external ID dhe IMSI\/MSISDN, provizionimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb monitorimit dhe marrjen e raporteve p\u00ebr to.<\/p>\n<p>S6m\/T4 \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqet nga SCEF deri te HSS dhe SMS-C (n\u00eb 3GPP \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar nyja MTC-IWF, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr aktivizimin e pajisjeve dhe p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e SMS-ve n\u00eb rrjetet NB-IoT. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha realizimet, funksionaliteti i k\u00ebsaj nyje \u00ebsht\u00eb integruar n\u00eb SCEF, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr thjeshtimin e skem\u00ebs nuk do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb at\u00eb ve\u00e7mas). P\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr marrjen e informacionit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e SMS-ve dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunuar me qendr\u00ebn SMS.<\/p>\n<p>T8 \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqe API p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin e SCEF me server\u00ebt e aplikacioneve. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqe d\u00ebrgohen si komandat menaxhuese ashtu edhe trafiku.<\/p>\n<p>*n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ka shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqe, k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur vet\u00ebm ato m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmet. Lista e plot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb 3GPP 23.682 (4.3.2 Lista e Pikave t\u00eb Referenc\u00ebs).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb funksionet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet kryesore t\u00eb SCEF:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lidha e identifikuesit t\u00eb kart\u00ebs SIM (IMSI) me external ID; <\/li>\n<li>shk\u00ebmbimi i trafikut non-IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD);<\/li>\n<li>operacione grupore, duke p\u00ebrdorur external group ID;<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me konfirmim;<\/li>\n<li>buforizimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave MO (Mobile Originated) dhe MT (Mobile Terminated);<\/li>\n<li>autentifikimi dhe autorizimi i pajisjeve dhe server\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nj\u00eb UE nga disa AS nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht;<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr funksione t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb UE (MONTE \u2013 Monitoring Events);<\/li>\n<li>ngacmimi i pajisjeve;<\/li>\n<li>sigurimi i roaming-ut t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave non-IP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPrincipi kryesor i bashk\u00ebpunimit midis AS dhe SCEF \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi sistemin e ashtuquajtur t\u00eb abonimeve. Kur nevojitet akses n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim nga SCEF p\u00ebr nj\u00eb UE t\u00eb caktuar, serveri i aplikacioneve k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb abonim, duke d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb API-n\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar dhe duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje nj\u00eb identifikues unik. Pas k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb gjitha veprimet dhe komunikimet e m\u00ebtejshme me UE brenda k\u00ebtij sh\u00ebrbimi do t\u00eb realizohen duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb identifikues.<\/p>\n<p><b>ID e Jashtme: identifikuesi universial i pajisjes<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb sistemin e bashk\u00ebpunimit midis AS dhe pajisjeve gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes SCEF \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqja e identifikuesit universial. Tani, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb telefonit (MSISDN) ose adres\u00ebs IP, si\u00e7 ndodhte n\u00eb rrjetin tradicional 2G\/3G\/LTE, identifikuesi i pajisjes p\u00ebr serverin e aplikacioneve b\u00ebhet \"ID e jashtme\". Ai p\u00ebrcaktohet nga standardi n\u00eb formatin e njohur p\u00ebr zhvilluesit e aplikacioneve \"@\".<\/p>\n<p>Zhvilluesit nuk kan\u00eb m\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb realizojn\u00eb algoritme autentikimi p\u00ebr pajisjet, rrjeti plot\u00ebsisht merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion. ID e jashtme lidh\u00ebt me IMSI-n\u00eb, dhe zhvilluesi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i sigurt se duke iu referuar nj\u00eb ID t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb caktuar, ai komunikon me nj\u00eb kartel\u00eb specifike. Kur p\u00ebrdoret \u00e7ipa i sim, fitohet nj\u00eb situat\u00eb krejt unikale, kur ID e jashtme identifikon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike nj\u00eb pajisje specifike!<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, nj\u00eb IMSI mund t\u00eb lidh\u00eb disa ID t\u00eb jashtme \u2014 duke krijuar nj\u00eb situat\u00eb edhe m\u00eb interesante, ku ID e jashtme identifikon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike nj\u00eb aplikacion t\u00eb caktuar, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu shfaqet nj\u00eb identifikues grupor \u2014 ID e grupit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, i cili p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ID t\u00eb jashtme. Tani, me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb SCEF, AS mund t\u00eb iniciroj\u00eb operacione grupore \u2014 d\u00ebrgimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose komandave t\u00eb menaxhimit p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pajisje, t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup logjik t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shkak se p\u00ebr zhvilluesit AS kalimi n\u00eb identifikuesin e ri t\u00eb pajisjes nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb momental, SCEF ka l\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e komunikimit t\u00eb AS me UE p\u00ebrmes numrit standard \u2013 MSISDN.<\/p>\n<p><b>Transporti i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave non-IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb NB-IoT, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb optimizimit t\u00eb mekanizmave p\u00ebr transferimin e volumesh t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 llojeve t\u00eb tanishme t\u00eb PDN, si IPv4, IPv6 dhe IPv4v6, \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr \u2014 non-IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, pajisjes (UE) nuk i jepet nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat transmetohen pa p\u00ebrdorimin e protokollit IP. Trafiku p\u00ebr k\u00ebto lidhje mund t\u00eb rrug\u00ebtizohet n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra: n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn klasike \u2014 MME -&gt; SGW -&gt; PGW dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tunelit PtP deri n\u00eb AS (fig. 2) ose duke p\u00ebrdorur SCEF (fig. 3). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/557caf393c9da84fc635c57bb5ecf4a5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00ebnyra klasike nuk ofron ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb trafikut IP, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 reduktimit t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb paketeve t\u00eb transmetuara p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb titujve IP. P\u00ebrdorimi i SCEF hap nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb mund\u00ebsish t\u00eb reja dhe e thjeshton ndjesh\u00ebm procedur\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrveprimit me pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p>Kur trasferohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrmes SCEF, dalin dy avantazhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme para trafikut klasik IP: <\/p>\n<p><u>D\u00ebrgimi i trafik MT deri te pajisja p\u00ebrmes ID-s\u00eb ekstern.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb mesazh n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje klasike IP \u2014 AS duhet t\u00eb njoh\u00eb adres\u00ebn e saj IP. K\u00ebtu shfaqet problemi: pasi pajisja gjat\u00eb regjistrimit zakonisht merr nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP \"t\u00eb shkret\u00eb\", ajo komunikon me serverin e aplikacioneve t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nodi NAT, ku ndodhet translacioni nga adresa e shkret\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. Lidhja e adresave IP t\u00eb shkret\u00eb dhe t\u00eb bardh\u00eb mbahet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb konfigurimeve t\u00eb NAT. N\u00eb mesatarisht p\u00ebr TCP ose UDP \u2014 jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb minuta. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse brenda 5 minutave nuk ka pasur shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, lidhja do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet, dhe pajisja do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb s\u00eb qeni e aksesueshme p\u00ebr at\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb iniciuar seanca me AS. Ka disa zgjidhje: <\/p>\n<p>1. P\u00ebrdorimi i heartbeat. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar lidhja, pajisja duhet t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbej\u00eb me AS paketa \u00e7do disa minuta, duke mos lejuar q\u00eb k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb mbyllen translacionet n\u00eb NAT. Por k\u00ebtu nuk mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb efikasitet energetik. <\/p>\n<p>2. \u00c7do her\u00eb kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, kontrollohet n\u00ebse ka paketa p\u00ebr pajisjen n\u00eb AS \u2014 d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb mesazh n\u00eb uplink.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb APN privat (VRF), ku serveri i aplikacioneve dhe pajisjet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin n\u00ebnshtet, dhe t'u caktohen pajisjeve adresat IP statike. Do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pamundur kur flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb park prej mij\u00ebra, dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra pajisjesh.<\/p>\n<p>4. S\u00eb fundi, zgjidhja m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme: p\u00ebrdorimi i IPv6, sepse nuk k\u00ebrkon NAT, pasi adresat IPv6 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponuesh\u00ebm drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga interneti. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb momentin e ri-regjistrimit t\u00eb pajisjes, ajo do t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb re IPv6 dhe nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e qasshme me adres\u00ebn e m\u00ebparshme. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb paket\u00eb fillestare me identifikuesin e pajisjes n\u00eb server, p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar adres\u00ebn e re IP t\u00eb pajisjes. M\u00eb pas, duhet t\u00eb pritet paketa konfirmuese nga AS, e cila gjithashtu ndikon n\u00eb efikasitetin energjetik.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebto metoda funksionojn\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisjet 2G\/3G\/LTE, ku nuk ka k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb rrepta p\u00ebr autonomi dhe, si pasoj\u00eb, nuk ka kufizime n\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjen n\u00eb eter dhe trafik. P\u00ebr NB-IoT, k\u00ebto metoda nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>SCEF zgjidh k\u00ebt\u00eb problem: pasi identifikuesi i vet\u00ebm i pajisjes p\u00ebr AS \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikuesi i jasht\u00ebm, AS mjafton t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb SCEF p\u00ebr identifikuesin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb caktuar, nd\u00ebrsa SCEF do t\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrat e tjera. N\u00ebse pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM ose eDRX, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do t\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen kur pajisja b\u00ebhet e disponueshme. N\u00ebse pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb e qasshme p\u00ebr trafik, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr komandat e menaxhimit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do moment, AS mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb mesazhin e ruajtur n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb UE ose ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb me nj\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n<p>Mekanizmi i ruajtjes gjithashtu mund t\u00eb aplikohet edhe p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave MO nga UE n\u00eb AS. N\u00ebse SCEF nuk arrin t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb AS menj\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse jan\u00eb duke u kryer punime sh\u00ebrbimi n\u00eb server\u00ebt e AS, k\u00ebto paketa do t\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen me siguri sapo AS t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e disponueshme.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, qasja n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar dhe UE p\u00ebr AS (dhe NIDD \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim), rregullohet nga rregullat dhe politikat nga ana e SCEF, q\u00eb lejon realizimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb unike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nj\u00eb UE nga disa AS nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse disa AS jan\u00eb abonuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb UE, pasi t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga UE, SCEF do t'i shp\u00ebrndaj\u00eb ato n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha AS q\u00eb jan\u00eb abonuar. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr raste kur krijuesi i nj\u00eb shtesi t\u00ebspecializuar pajisjesh ndan t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat midis disa klient\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rrjet stacionesh meteorologjike q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me NB-IoT, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb shiten t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga ato p\u00ebr shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb garantuar t\u00eb mesazheve <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sh\u00ebrbimi i Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Besueshme \u2014 mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb garantuar t\u00eb mesazheve MO dhe MT pa p\u00ebrdorimin e algoritmeve t\u00eb specializuara n\u00eb nivelin e protokollit, si p\u00ebr shembull handshake n\u00eb TCP. Funksionon duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb flamur t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn sh\u00ebrbyese t\u00eb mesazhit gjat\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit midis UE dhe SCEF. Aktivizimi ose jo i k\u00ebtij mekanizmi gjat\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb trafikut vendoset nga AS.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse mekanizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar, UE kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr dor\u00ebzimin e garantuar t\u00eb trafikut MO p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb flamur t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn sh\u00ebrbyese t\u00eb paket\u00ebs. Kur merr nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, SCEF i p\u00ebrgjigjet UE me nj\u00eb konfirmim. N\u00ebse UE nuk ka marr\u00eb paket\u00ebn me konfirmimin, paketa n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb SCEF do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb ndodh edhe p\u00ebr trafikun MT.<\/p>\n<p><b>Monitorimi i pajisjeve (monitoring events- MONTE)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb lart, funksionaliteti i SCEF, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave, p\u00ebrfshin funksionet e kontrollit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb UE, t\u00eb ashtuquajturin monitorim t\u00eb pajisjeve. Dhe n\u00ebse identifikuesit dhe mekanizmat e rinj t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave jan\u00eb optimizime (edhe pse shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme) t\u00eb procedurave ekzistuese, MONTE \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb funksionalitet krejt\u00ebsisht i ri, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetet 2G\/3G\/LTE. MONTE lejon AS t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb parameteret e tilla t\u00eb pajisjes si statusi i lidhjes, disponueshm\u00ebria p\u00ebr komunikim, vendndodhja, statusi i roamingut etj. Do t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn pak m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb aktivizoni ndonj\u00eb ngjarje monitorimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pajisje ose grup pajisjesh, AS b\u00ebhet an\u00ebtar i sh\u00ebrbimit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs duke d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb SCEF nj\u00eb komand\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse API MONTE, e cila p\u00ebrfshin parametra t\u00eb till\u00eb si external Id ose external group ID, identifikuesin AS, tipin e monitorimit, numrin e raporteve q\u00eb AS d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb marr\u00eb. N\u00ebse AS \u00ebsht\u00eb e autorizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, SCEF, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb tipit, provizionon ngjarjen n\u00eb HSS ose MME (shih. 4). Kur ndodh ngjarja, MME ose HSS gjenerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb raport n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb SCEF, i cili e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb te AS.<\/p>\n<p>Provizionimi i t\u00eb gjitha ngjarjeve, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \"Numri i UE-ve t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb gjeografike\", ndodh p\u00ebrmes HSS. Dy ngjarjet \"Ndryshimi i IMSI-IMEI Asociacionit\" dhe \"Statusi i Roamingut\" p\u00ebrcaktohen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb HSS, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjera HSS i provizionon n\u00eb MME.<br \/>\nNgjarjet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb si nj\u00eb her\u00eb, ashtu edhe periodike, dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuara nga tipi i tyre.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da265ed0443b7459d28101aa07adf221.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nReportimi i ngjarjes (reportimi) kryhet nga nodi q\u00eb ndjek ngjarjen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb SCEF (shih. 5).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NB-IoT: si si punon? Pjesa 3: SCEF \u2013 nj\u00eb dritare e vetme p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e operatorit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9b385bbc324f14e1d484f1949d926b34.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme:<\/b> ngjarjet e monitorimit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si p\u00ebr pajisjet non-IP t\u00eb lidhura p\u00ebrmes SCEF, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr pajisjet IP q\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn tradicionale p\u00ebrmes MME-SGW-PGW.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje secil\u00ebn nga ngjarjet e monitorimit:<\/p>\n<p><u>Humbja e lidhjes<\/u> \u2013 njofton AS-n\u00eb se UE nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme p\u00ebr as data trafikun as p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e sinjaleve. Ngjarja ndodh kur ora \"mobile reachability timer\" p\u00ebr UE p\u00ebrfundon n\u00eb MME. N\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj monitorimi, AS mund t\u00eb specifikoj\u00eb vler\u00ebn e tij \"Koha Maksimale e Zbulimit\" - n\u00ebse gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe UE nuk tregon asnj\u00eb aktivitet, AS do t\u00eb njoftohet se UE nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme, me shpjegimin e arsyes. Ngjarja gjithashtu ndodh n\u00ebse UE \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr me forc\u00eb nga rrjeti p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye.<\/p>\n<p>* Q\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb dij\u00eb se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme, ajo niset periodikisht procedur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit - Tracking Area Update (TAU). Frekuenca e k\u00ebsaj procedure p\u00ebrcaktohet nga rrjeti p\u00ebrmes timer-it T3412 ose (T3412_extended n\u00eb rastin e PSM), vlera e t\u00eb cilit i d\u00ebrgohet pajisjes gjat\u00eb procedur\u00ebs Attach ose TAU t\u00eb radh\u00ebs. Ora e arritjes s\u00eb telefonit zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb disa minuta m\u00eb e madhe se T3412. N\u00ebse UE nuk b\u00ebn TAU p\u00ebrpara skadimit t\u00eb \"Mobile reachability timer\", rrjeti e konsideron at\u00eb si m\u00eb t\u00eb \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme. <\/p>\n<p><u>Arsimi i aksesit t\u00eb UE<\/u> \u2013 Tregon kur UE b\u00ebhet e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme p\u00ebr DL trafik ose SMS. Kjo ndodh kur UE b\u00ebhet e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043fshme p\u00ebr pagimin (p\u00ebr UE n\u00eb modin e eDRX) ose kur UE kalon n\u00eb modin ECM-CONNECTED (p\u00ebr UE n\u00eb modin PSM ose eDRX), dmth. b\u00ebn TAU ose d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb uplink.<\/p>\n<p><u>Raportimi i vendndodhjes<\/u> \u2013 Ky lloj ngjarjeje monitorimi lejon AS q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi vendndodhjen e UE. Mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet ose vendndodhja aktuale (Current Location), ose vendndodhja e fundit e njohur (Last Known Location, e p\u00ebrcaktuar nga ID e celularit nga i cili pajisja b\u00ebri TAU ose d\u00ebrgoi trafik p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr pajisjet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb PSM ose eDRX. P\u00ebr \"Current Location\" AS mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb raporte t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura, nd\u00ebrsa MME do t\u00eb informoj\u00eb AS \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshon vendndodhja e pajisjes. <\/p>\n<p><u>Ndryshimi i Asociacionit IMSI-IMEI<\/u> \u2013 Kur aktivizimi i k\u00ebtij eventi, SCEF fillon t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb ndryshimin e lidhjes IMSI (identifikuesi i kart\u00ebs SIM) dhe IMEI (identifikuesi i pajisjes). N\u00eb rastin e k\u00ebtij eventi \u2014 informon AS. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr ribindjen automatike t\u00eb ID-s\u00eb ekstern te pajisja gjat\u00eb punimeve planifikuara p\u00ebr z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim ose si identifikues i vjedhjes s\u00eb pajisjes.<\/p>\n<p><u>Statusi i Roaming<\/u> \u2013 ky tip monitorimi p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse UE ndodhet n\u00eb rrjetin e saj t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb apo n\u00eb rrjetin e partnerit t\u00eb roaming. Opcionalisht, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet PLMN (Rrjeti Publik i Mobilit) t\u00eb operatorit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb regjistruar.<\/p>\n<p><u>D\u00ebshtimi i komunikimit<\/u> \u2014 Ky tip monitorimi informon AS p\u00ebr d\u00ebshtimet n\u00eb komunikim me pajisjen, duke u bazuar n\u00eb arsyet e nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes (release cause code) t\u00eb marra nga rrjeti i aksesit radio (protokolli S1-AP). Ky eveniment mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e arsyes s\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb komunikimit \u2014 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve n\u00eb rrjet, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb eNodeb (Burimet radio jan\u00eb t\u00eb paavailable) ose p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb vet\u00eb pajisjes (Lidhja radio me UE e humbur). <\/p>\n<p><u>Disponueshm\u00ebria pas d\u00ebshtimit DDN<\/u> \u2013 ky eveniment informon AS se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e disponueshme pas nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb komunikimit. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb pajisje, por tentativa e m\u00ebparshme nuk kishte qen\u00eb e suksesshme, pasi UE nuk iu p\u00ebrgjigj njoftimit nga rrjeti (paging), dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk u dor\u00ebzuan. N\u00ebse ky tip monitorimi u k\u00ebrkua p\u00ebr UE, at\u00ebher\u00eb sapo pajisja t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb komunikim hyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb TAU, ose t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb uplink, AS do t\u00eb informohet se pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e disponueshme. Q\u00eb procedura DDN (njoftimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave downstream) funksionon midis MME dhe S\/P-GW, ky lloj monitorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet IP.<\/p>\n<p><u>Statusi i lidhjes PDN<\/u> \u2013 informon AS p\u00ebr ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb pajisjes (statusi i lidhjes PDN) \u2014 lidhjes (aktivizimit t\u00eb PDN) ose \u00e7tensionimit (heqjes s\u00eb PDN). Kjo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciuar komunikimin me UE, ose anasjelltas, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se komunikimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i mundur. Ky tip monitorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet IP dhe non-IP.<\/p>\n<p><u>Numri i UEs t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb gjeografike<\/u> \u2013 ky tip monitorimi p\u00ebrdoret nga AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar numrin e UE n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar gjeografike.<\/p>\n<p><b>Aktivizimi i pajisjeve<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rrjetet 2G\/3G, procedura e regjistrimit n\u00eb rrjet ishte dyfishore: s\u00eb pari, pajisja regjistrohej n\u00eb SGSN (procedura attach), pastaj, kur ishte e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, aktivizonte PDP context \u2013 lidhjen me port\u00ebn e paketave (GGSN). N\u00eb rrjetet 3G, k\u00ebto dy procedura zhvilloheshin nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs, pra pajisja nuk priste momentin q\u00eb t\u00eb transmetonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, por aktivizonte PDP menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procedur\u00ebs attach. N\u00eb LTE, k\u00ebto dy procedura ishin kombinuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb, dmth gjat\u00eb attach, pajisja menj\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte aktivizimin e lidhjes PDN (analog PDP n\u00eb 2G\/3G) p\u00ebrmes eNodeB n\u00eb MME-SGW-PGW.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb NB-IoT \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb bashkimi, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cattach without PDN\u201d, dmth UE b\u00ebn attach pa vendosur nj\u00eb lidhje PDN. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr transmetimin e trafikut dhe mund vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb ose d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb SMS. P\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr aktivizimin e PDN dhe lidhjes n\u00eb AS \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar funksionaliteti \u201cDevice triggering\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Kur merr komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr lidhjen e k\u00ebtij UE nga AS, SCEF p\u00ebrmes qendr\u00ebs SMS inicon d\u00ebrgimin e nj\u00eb SMS menaxhuese n\u00eb pajisje. Kur pajisja merr SMS-n\u00eb, ajo aktivizon PDN dhe lidhet me AS p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb udh\u00ebzime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/p>\n<p>Mund t\u00eb ndodhin raste kur n\u00eb SCEF skadon abonimi p\u00ebr pajisjen. Po, abonimi ka nj\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatje t\u00eb caktuar, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nga operatori ose u miratua me AS. Pasi t\u00eb skadoj\u00eb, PDN n\u00eb MME do t\u00eb deaktivizohet dhe pajisja do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e paaksesueshme p\u00ebr AS. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, gjithashtu ndihmon funksionaliteti \u201cDevice triggering\u201d. Kur merr t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb reja nga AS, SCEF do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb statusin e lidhjes s\u00eb pajisjes dhe do t'i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrmes kanaleve SMS.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u00ebrfundim<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Funksionaliteti SCEF, sigurisht q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr dhe vazhdon t\u00eb evoluoni dhe t\u00eb zgjerohet. Aktualisht, p\u00ebr SCEF jan\u00eb standardizuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dhjet\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime. Tani ne preku vet\u00ebm funksionet kryesore dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara nga zhvilluesit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb artikujt e ardhsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n<p><b>Menj\u00ebher\u00eb lind pyetja, si t\u00eb merrni akses testues n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u2018mrekulli\u2019 t\u00eb nodit p\u00ebr testimin paraprak dhe debugging t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rasteve? E gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. \u00c7do zhvillues mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb iot.info@mts.ru, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mjafton t\u00eb tregoni q\u00ebllimin e lidhjes, p\u00ebrshkrimin e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rastit dhe informacionin e kontaktit p\u00ebr lidhje.<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nN\u00eb takim t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm!<\/p>\n<p><i>Autor\u00ebt: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ekspert i lart\u00eb i zgjidhjeve konvergjente dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve multimedia, Sergey Novikov <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/sanov\/\" class=\"user_link\">sanov<\/a><\/noindex>, <\/li>\n<li>ekspert i zgjidhjeve konvergjente dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve multimedia, Aleksey Lapshin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/aslapsh\/\" class=\"user_link\">aslapsh<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ru_mts\/blog\/473982\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u00abNB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 NB-IoT, \u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430 SCEF. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e? \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 M2M-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u00abNB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442?\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nb-iot-kak-on-rabotaet-chast-3-scef-edinoe-okno-dostupa-k-uslugam-operatora\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47NB-IoT: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? 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