{"id":52714,"date":"2019-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:30","slug":"trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","title":{"rendered":"Trigenerimi: alternativa p\u00ebr furnizimin e centralizuar me energji","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb krahasim me vendet evropiane, ku objektet e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb sot pothuajse 30% t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhimit, n\u00eb Rusi, sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb ndryshme, pjesa e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb sot nuk kalon 5-10%. T\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ka energjia e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ruse energjin\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb <\/a><\/noindex>p\u00ebr t'u arratisur nga trendet globale, si dhe motivimin e konsumator\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb furnizim energjie t\u00eb pavarur.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:Burimi<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 numrave. Gjej dallimet<\/h2>\n

\nDallimet midis sistemit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi dhe Evrop\u00eb sot nuk p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb vet\u00ebm numra \u2014 n\u00eb esenc\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb modele krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme si nga struktura ashtu edhe nga pik\u00ebpamja ekonomike. Zhvillimi i energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb kishte motive, q\u00eb dallohej ndjesh\u00ebm nga ato q\u00eb ishin fuqia kryesore l\u00ebviz\u00ebse e k\u00ebtij procesi n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, e cila synonte t\u00eb kompensonin munges\u00ebn e llojeve tradicionale t\u00eb karburanteve duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb burime alternative energjie (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb burime energjie t\u00eb dyt\u00ebsore) n\u00eb balanc\u00ebn energjetike. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Rusi, \u00e7\u00ebshtja e uljes s\u00eb shpenzimeve p\u00ebr blerjen e burimeve energjetike p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb planifikuese dhe formimit t\u00eb centralizuar t\u00eb tarifave kishte nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, prandaj energjia elektrike u shqyrtua kryesisht n\u00eb rastet kur nj\u00eb enterprise ishte nj\u00eb konsumator n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti i madh i energjis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb larg\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj kishte probleme me lidhjen me rrjetet.<\/p>\n

Sipas standardeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, objektet me gjenerim t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm kishin nj\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb konsiderueshme \u2014 nga 10 deri n\u00eb 500 MW (dhe madje edhe m\u00eb lart) \u2014 var\u00ebsisht nga nevojat e prodhimit dhe me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t'u sigurohet energji elektrike dhe ngrohje vendbanimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta. Duke qen\u00eb se transmetimi i ngrohjes n\u00eb distanca gjithmon\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me humbje t\u00eb konsiderueshme, u nd\u00ebrtuan me intensitetbojler\u00eb p\u00ebr ngrohje p\u00ebr nevojat e brendshme t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe qyteteve. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, burimet e brendshme t\u00eb energjis\u00eb \u2014 qofshin k\u00ebto TEC ose bojler\u00eb, u nd\u00ebrtuan me gaz, naft\u00eb p\u00ebr djegie ose qymyr, dhe teknologjit\u00eb e energjive t\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme (VRE), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 hidrocentralit, dhe burimet e energjis\u00eb sekondare (VER) u aplikuan n\u00eb rastet e izoluara. Tani panorama po ndryshon: gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb po shfaqen objekte t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe n\u00eb bilancin energjetik, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, po p\u00ebrfshihen burimet alternative t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, shum\u00eb po b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr zhvillimin e gjenerimit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, dhe koh\u00ebt e fundit ka pasur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrhapje t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb konceptit t\u00eb centralit elektrik virtual (VE). Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb bashkon shumic\u00ebn e lojtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb \u2014 prodhuesit (nga gjenerator\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl t\u00eb pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpive deri te centralet kogjeneruese) dhe konsumator\u00ebt (nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb deri te kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha industriale). VE rregullon konsumimin e energjis\u00eb, duke zbutur maja dhe shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ngarkesat n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb gjitha kapacitetet e dispozitshme t\u00eb sistemit. Por nj\u00eb evolucion i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur pa nxitjen e tregut t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb nga ana e shtetit dhe pa ndryshime t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme n\u00eb legjislacion.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Rusi, n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs s\u00eb ashp\u00ebr dhe monopolizimit t\u00eb furnizimit me energji elektrike, realizimi i tepricave t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm mbetet edhe pse nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb e zgjidhshme, por shum\u00eb e komplikuar nga pik\u00ebpamja e organizat\u00ebs dhe kostos s\u00eb procesit. Prandaj, aktualisht mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs i plot\u00eb n\u00eb treg midis furnizuesve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj p\u00ebr objektet e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, zhvillimi i gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb vet \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim n\u00eb trend sot. Fakti kryesor p\u00ebr rritjen e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria e furnizimit me energji. Var\u00ebsia nga kompanit\u00eb prodhuese dhe rrjetet e energjis\u00eb rrit rreziqet p\u00ebr prodhuesit. Shumica e objekteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs n\u00eb Rusi jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e Bashkimit Sovjetik, dhe mosha e tyre e konsiderueshme b\u00ebhet evidente. P\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt industrial\u00eb, nd\u00ebrprerja e furnizimit me energji p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb aksidenti paraqet rrezik p\u00ebr ndalimin e prodhimit dhe humbje t\u00eb dukshme. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar rreziqet shoq\u00ebrohet me motive ekonomike (t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara kryesisht nga politika tarifore e ofruesit rajonal) dhe mund\u00ebsi investimi, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjenerata e vet justifikohet 100%, dhe gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje industriale sot jan\u00eb gati (ose po shqyrtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb) t\u00eb ndjekin k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, perspektivat e zhvillimit t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs elektrike t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb \"p\u00ebr nevojat e veta\" jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb larta n\u00eb Rusi.<\/p>\n

Gjenerata e vet. Kujt i leverdis?<\/h2>\n

\nEkonomia e \u00e7do projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb strikisht individuale dhe p\u00ebrcaktohet nga shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsojm\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb rajonet me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb kapaciteteve gjeneruese dhe nd\u00ebrmarrjeve industriale, me tarifa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr energji elektrike dhe ngrohje, gjenerata elektrike e vetme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi objektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur ndjesh\u00ebm shpenzimet p\u00ebr blerjen e burimeve energjetike.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu duhen p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe rajonet e v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t'u arritur dhe ato me popullsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt me infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt ose t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb rrjeteve elektrike, ku padyshim q\u00eb tarifat p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb elektrike jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rajonet ku ka m\u00eb pak konsumator\u00eb dhe ofrues energjie, si dhe kur nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb prodhuar \u00ebsht\u00eb nga HEC-t\u00eb, tarifat jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta dhe ekonomia e projekteve t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb industri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet e disa sektor\u00ebve, q\u00eb kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin karburante alternative, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb mbetjet e prodhimit, gjenerata e vet mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e shk\u00eblqyer. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb \u2013 THER e mbetjeve nga nj\u00eb undertakim t\u00eb industris\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuese t\u00eb drurit.<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:
\nKur flasim p\u00ebr gjenerimin p\u00ebr nevojat komunale, nd\u00ebrtimet publike dhe objektet e infrastruktur\u00ebs commerciale e sociale, deri tani ekonomia e k\u00ebtyre projekteve p\u00ebrcaktohej n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nga niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs energjetike t\u00eb rajonit dhe, n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb pak, kostoja e lidhjes teknologjike t\u00eb konsumator\u00ebve t\u00eb elektricitetit. Me zhvillimin e teknologjive t\u00eb trigjenerimit, kufizimet e tilla kan\u00eb pushuar s\u00eb qeni p\u00ebrcaktues dhe nxeht\u00ebsia e dyt\u00ebsore ose e prodhuar gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs verore \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nevojat e klimatisimit, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e ka rritur ndjesh\u00ebm efikasitetin e energjikes.<\/p>\n

Trigjenerimi: energji elektrike, ngrohje dhe ftohje p\u00ebr objektin<\/h2>\n

\nTrigjenerimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim mjaft i pavarur i zhvillimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Ai karakterizohet nga individalizmi, pasi orienton p\u00ebrmbushjen e nevojave specifike t\u00eb nj\u00eb objekti p\u00ebr burimet energjetike.<\/p>\n

Projekti i par\u00eb me konceptin e trigjenerimit u zhvillua n\u00eb vitin 1998 me p\u00ebrpjekjet e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Energjis\u00eb t\u00eb SHBA, laboratorit komb\u00ebtar ORNL dhe prodhuesit t\u00eb makinerive t\u00eb ftohjes ABSHM (makinat e ftohjes me brom litiumi) BROAD dhe u realizua n\u00eb SHBA n\u00eb vitin 2001. Trigjenerimi bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e makinave t\u00eb ftohjes absorbues, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdorin nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb si burim kryesor energjie dhe lejojn\u00eb prodhimin e ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe ngrohjes n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me nevojat e objektit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorimi i bojler\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, si n\u00eb koenergji, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i domosdosh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 ngrohjes dhe elektricitetit tradicional, trigjenerimi siguron prodhimin e ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb ABHM (n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ujit t\u00eb ftohur) p\u00ebr nevoja teknologjike ose p\u00ebr klimatisimin e ambienteve. Procesi i prodhimit t\u00eb elektricitetit ndodh me humbje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb energjis\u00eb termike (p.sh. me gazrat e shkarkimit t\u00eb makinave gjeneruese).<\/p>\n

Involved n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsi n\u00eb procesin e marrjes s\u00eb ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb minimizon humbjet, duke rritur p\u00ebrfundimisht efikasitetin e ciklit, dhe p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, lejon uljen e konsumit t\u00eb elektricitetit t\u00eb objektit krahasuar me teknologjit\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin makinat e ftohjes me parakompresion.<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me burime t\u00eb ndryshme nxeht\u00ebsie (uji i nxeht\u00eb, avulli, gazrat e shpenzuara nga centralet, bojlet dhe sobat, si dhe karburantet (gazi natyror, nafta, etj.) lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e ABHM n\u00eb objekte krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme, duke angazhuar pik\u00ebrisht burimin q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb industri mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nxeht\u00ebsia e shkarkuar:<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:
\nDhe n\u00eb objektet e administrat\u00ebs qytetare, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimet komerciale dhe publike jan\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme kombinime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:
\n\"Trigenerimi:
\n\"Trigenerimi:
\nQendra e energjis\u00eb trigjeneruese mund t\u00eb llogaritet dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb nevojat p\u00ebr energji elektrike, ose mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb konsumimin e ftoht\u00eb t\u00eb objektit. Varet se cila nga ato \u00ebsht\u00eb kriteri p\u00ebrcaktues p\u00ebr konsumatorin. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, riciklimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb an\u00ebsore n\u00eb ABHM mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb i plot\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb rastin e dyt\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kufizime p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb gjeneruar nga vet\u00eb (plot\u00ebsimi b\u00ebhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet blerjes s\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike nga rrjeti i jasht\u00ebm).<\/p>\n

Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e favorshme trigjenerimi<\/h2>\n

\nGama e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e gjer\u00eb: trigjenerimi mund t\u00eb integrohet nj\u00ebsoj mir\u00eb edhe n\u00eb konceptin e ndonj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire publike (p.sh. nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb madhe tregtare ose nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb aeroporti), dhe n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeje industriale. Racionaliteti i zbatimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre projekteve dhe performanca e tyre varen shum\u00eb nga kushtet lokale, si ato ekonomike, ashtu edhe ato klimatike, dhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet industriale, gjithashtu nga kostot e prodhimit t\u00eb produkteve.<\/p>\n

Kriteri i par\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr ftohje. P\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm i saj sot \u00ebsht\u00eb klimatisimi i nd\u00ebrtesave publike. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfshihen qendrat e biznesit, nd\u00ebrtesat administrative, komplekset spitalore dhe hoteli, objektet sportive, qendrat tregtare dhe akvariumet, muzet\u00eb dhe pavilionet e ekspozitave, nd\u00ebrtesat e aeroportit \u2013 t\u00eb gjitha objektet ku ndodhen nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh njer\u00ebzish, ku p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb mikroklim t\u00eb k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb sistem i centralizuar i klimatisimit.<\/p>\n

Aplikimi i CHP \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i arsyesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr objekte t\u00eb tilla me sip\u00ebrfaqe nga 20-30 mij\u00eb metra katror\u00eb (qendra biznesi me madh\u00ebsi mesatare) dhe p\u00ebrfshin objekte gjigante q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb disa qindra mij\u00ebra metra katror\u00eb e madje edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb (qendra tregtare dhe arg\u00ebtuese, si dhe aeroporte).<\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb k\u00ebto objekte duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ftohje dhe energji elektrike, por edhe p\u00ebr ngrohje. Dhe ngrohja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm ngrohja e ambienteve n\u00eb dim\u00ebr, por gjithashtu ofrimi i ujit t\u00eb nxeht\u00eb p\u00ebr nevojat e GVS gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e nj\u00eb qendre energjie trigjeneruese, aq m\u00eb e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb efikasiteti i saj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb shembuj t\u00eb aplikimit t\u00eb trigjenerat\u00ebs n\u00eb sektorin e hoteleris\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtimit dhe modernizimit t\u00eb aeroporteve, institucionet arsimore, komplekset biznesore dhe administrative, qendrat e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, gjithashtu ka shum\u00eb shembuj n\u00eb industri \u2014 tekstile, metalurgji, ushqim, kimike, pulp\u00eb dhe let\u00ebr, inxhinieri mekanike, etj.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 «Inxhinieri i Par\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>» \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr energji elektrike n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje industriale n\u00eb nivelin e rreth 4 MW (t\u00eb prodhuara nga dy instalacione gaz-piston (GPU)), k\u00ebrkohet ftohje n\u00eb nivelin e 2,1 MW.<\/p>\n

Ftohja gjenerohet nga nj\u00eb makin\u00eb ftohjeje abosorbtive me bromid litiumi, e cila punon me gazrat e shkarkimit t\u00eb GPU. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, nj\u00eb GPU mbulon plot\u00ebsisht 100% t\u00eb nevojave t\u00eb CHP-s\u00eb p\u00ebr ngrohje. Prandaj, edhe kur punon vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb GPU, fabrika gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e siguruar me sasin\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ftohjes. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, edhe kur t\u00eb dy instalacionet gaz-piston jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb funksionit, CHP-ja ruan aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar ngrohje dhe ftohje, pasi ka nj\u00eb burim rezerv\u00eb ngrohjeje \u2014 gazin natyror.<\/p>\n

Qendra energjie trigjeneruese<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb nevojave t\u00eb konsumator\u00ebve, kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb tij dhe k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr rezervim, skema e trigjenerat\u00ebs (e paraqitur n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb) mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e komplikuar dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb bojler\u00eb energjie dhe ngrohje uji, bojler\u00eb riciklimi, turbine avulli ose gazi, trajtimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb ujit, etj.<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPor objekte relativisht t\u00eb vogla, zakonisht p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb gazi ose nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsis\u00eb pistonike (me gaz ose naft\u00eb) me kapacitet elektrik relativisht t\u00eb vog\u00ebl (1-6 MW). Ato prodhojn\u00eb energji elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsi an\u00ebsore nga tymi dhe uji i ngroht\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb AABM. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb set minimal dhe i mjaftuesh\u00ebm i pajisjeve kryesore.<\/p>\n

\"Trigenerimi:
\nPo, k\u00ebtu nuk mund t\u00eb shmangim sistemet ndihm\u00ebse: torra ftoh\u00ebse, pompat, stacionin p\u00ebr trajtimin e reagent\u00ebve t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb rikthyer p\u00ebr stabilizimin e saj, sistemin e automatizimit dhe energjin\u00eb elektrike, q\u00eb e lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb gjeneruar p\u00ebr nevojat e veta.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, qendra tri-gjeneruese \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e ve\u00e7uar, ose blloqe n\u00eb format containers, ose nj\u00eb kombinim i k\u00ebtyre zgjidhjeve, pasi k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr vendosjen e pajisjeve t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikohen pak.<\/p>\n

Pajisjet p\u00ebr gjenerimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb standardizuara, n\u00eb krahasim me AABM, megjithat\u00eb ato jan\u00eb teknikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara. Koh\u00ebt e prodhimit t\u00eb tyre mund t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb nga 6 deri n\u00eb 12 muaj dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Koh\u00ebzgjatja mesatare e prodhimit t\u00eb AABM \u00ebsht\u00eb 3-6 muaj (var\u00ebsisht nga prodhimi i ftoht\u00eb, nga numri dhe llojet e burimeve ngroh\u00ebse).<\/p>\n

Si rregull, prodhimi i pajisjeve ndihm\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb k\u00ebto koh\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatja totale e realizimit t\u00eb projektit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs tri-gjeneruese n\u00eb mesatare \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.5 vjet.<\/p>\n

Rezultati<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, qendra tri-gjeneruese do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb reduktimin e numrit t\u00eb furnizuesve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2013 furnizuesin e gazit. Duke eliminuar blerjen e energjis\u00eb elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebrjashtohet, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, \u00e7do rrezik q\u00eb lidhet me nd\u00ebrprerjet n\u00eb furnizimin me energji.<\/p>\n

Puna me nxeht\u00ebsi duke p\u00ebrdorur energjin\u00eb 't\u00eb tep\u00ebrt' relativisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb ul kostot e energjis\u00eb elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb krahasim me blerjen e saj. Ngarkesa e p\u00ebrvitshme e kapaciteteve gjeneruese me nxeht\u00ebsi (dimrit p\u00ebr ngrohje, ver\u00ebs p\u00ebr ftohje dhe nevoja teknologjike) siguron efikasitet maksimal. Natyrisht, si p\u00ebr projektet e tjera, kushti kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi i konceptit t\u00eb duhur dhe justifikimi teknik-ekonomik i tij.<\/p>\n

\u0418\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432 —\u00a0 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0410\u0411\u0425\u041c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0443.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 30% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 5-10%. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440. 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