{"id":52714,"date":"2019-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:30","slug":"trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","title":{"rendered":"Trigen\u00ebrimi: nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb p\u00ebr furnizimin qendror me energji","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb krahasim me vendet e Evrop\u00ebs, ku objektet e gjenerimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb sot gati 30% t\u00eb prodhimit total, n\u00eb Rusi, sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb ndryshme, pjesa e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb nuk kalon 5-10%. Le t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr shanset q\u00eb ka energjia e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ruse energji e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb <\/a><\/noindex>t\u00eb arrij\u00eb trendet bot\u00ebrore, dhe p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt \u2013 motivimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb furnizim t\u00eb pavarur me energji.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:Burimi<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrtej numrave. Gjej ndryshimet<\/h2>\n

\nNdryshimet midis sistemit t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi dhe Europ\u00eb sot nuk p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb vet\u00ebm numra \u2013 n\u00eb thelb, jan\u00eb modele krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme si nga struktura, ashtu edhe nga pika e par\u00eb. Zhvillimi i gjenerimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb kishte motive t\u00eb ndryshme nga ato q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb forca kryesore p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, e cila k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb kompensonte munges\u00ebn e llojeve tradicionale t\u00eb karburanteve duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb burimet alternative t\u00eb energjis\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb burimet e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb) n\u00eb bilancin energjetik. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Rusi, q\u00ebshtja e uljes s\u00eb kostove p\u00ebr blerjen e burimeve energjetike p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt n\u00eb kushtet e ekonomis\u00eb planifikuar dhe formimit t\u00eb centralizuar t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb dukshme m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, prandaj p\u00ebr gjenerimin e vet elektrik mendohej kryesisht n\u00eb rastet kur nd\u00ebrmarrja ishte nj\u00eb konsumator ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i madh energjie dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb larg\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj kishte v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb lidhjen me rrjetet.<\/p>\n

Sipas standardeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, objektet e gjenerat\u00ebs private kishin nj\u00eb kapacitet mjaft t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u2013 nga 10 deri n\u00eb 500 MW (dhe madje m\u00eb shum\u00eb) \u2013 n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb nevojave t\u00eb prodhimit dhe me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar energji elektrike dhe ngrohje p\u00ebr fshatrat p\u00ebrreth. Duke qen\u00eb se transmetimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb distanca gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me humbje t\u00eb konsiderueshme, ndodhi nd\u00ebrtimi aktiv i centraleve t\u00eb ngrohjes p\u00ebr nevojat e vet\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe qyteteve. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, burimet e energjis\u00eb private \u2013 qoft\u00eb TPP apo centrale ndryshimi, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara me gaz, naft\u00eb ose qymyr, dhe teknologjit\u00eb e RI (burimet e rinovueshme t\u00eb energjis\u00eb), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 hidroelektrocentraleve, aplikoheshin n\u00eb raste t\u00eb vetme. Tani situata po ndryshon: objektet e vogla t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs elektrike po shfaqen gradualisht, dhe burimet alternative t\u00eb energjis\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb, edhe pse n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb bilancin energjetik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra po b\u00ebhen p\u00ebr zhvillimin e gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl, dhe koh\u00ebt e fundit koncepti i centralit virtual t\u00eb energjis\u00eb (V\u042d\u0421) ka marr\u00eb nj\u00eb popullaritet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb bashkon shumic\u00ebn e aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb \u2013 prodhuesit (nga gjenerator\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl t\u00eb pronave private deri te stacionet e kognicionit) dhe konsumator\u00ebt (nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e banimit deri te nd\u00ebrmarrjet industriale t\u00eb m\u00ebdha). V\u042d\u0421 rregullon konsumimin e energjis\u00eb, duke zbutur majat dhe ri-shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ngarkesat n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb gjitha kapacitetet e disponueshme t\u00eb sistemit. Por nj\u00eb evolucioni i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur pa stimuj nga tregu i gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb nga ana e shtetit dhe pa ndryshime p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse n\u00eb legjislacion.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Rusi, n\u00eb kushtet e konkurrenc\u00ebs s\u00eb ashp\u00ebr dhe monopolizimit t\u00eb furnizimit t\u00eb centralizuar me energji elektrike, realizimi i mbetjeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm mbetet nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e zgjidhshme, por shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb nga pik\u00ebpamja e organizat\u00ebs dhe kostos. Prandaj, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tanishme shanset p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs i plot\u00eb n\u00eb treg mes ofruesve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj p\u00ebr objektet e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, zhvillimi i gjenerat\u00ebs private sot, pa dyshim, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb trend. Faktori kryesor i rritjes s\u00eb saj \u2013 besueshm\u00ebria e furnizimit me energji. Var\u00ebsia nga kompanit\u00eb gjeneruese dhe rrjetet rrit rreziqet p\u00ebr prodhuesit. Shumica e objekteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs n\u00eb Rusi u nd\u00ebrtuan ende n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Bashkimit Sovjetik, dhe mosha e tyre t\u00eb konsiderueshme jep efektin e saj. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb konsumator industrial, nd\u00ebrprerja e furnizimit me energji p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb aksidenti \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr ndalimin e prodhimit dhe humbje t\u00eb dukshme. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur rreziqet shoq\u00ebrohet me motive ekonomike (t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara kryesisht nga politika tarifore e ofruesit rajonal) dhe mund\u00ebsi investimi, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjenerata private justifikohet n\u00eb 100%, dhe gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje industriale sot jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatshme (ose shqyrtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mund\u00ebsi) t\u00eb ndjekin k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, perspektivat e zhvillimit t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs elektrike t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb \"p\u00ebr nevojat e veta\" n\u00eb Rusi jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

Gjenerata private. Kush p\u00ebrfiton prej saj<\/h2>\n

\nEkonomia e \u00e7do projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb individuale dhe p\u00ebrcaktohet nga shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsojm\u00eb, n\u00eb rajonet me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb kapaciteteve prodhuese dhe nd\u00ebrmarrjeve industriale, si dhe me tarifa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb, gjenerimi i vet\u00eb-energjin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi objektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar ndjesh\u00ebm kostot e blerjes s\u00eb burimeve energjetike.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen edhe rajonet e v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t'u arritur dhe ato me popullsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, ku infrastruktura e rrjeteve elektrike \u00ebsht\u00eb e zhvilluar dob\u00ebt ose plot\u00ebsisht e munguar, ku pa dyshim jan\u00eb tarifat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb elektrike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rajonet me m\u00eb pak konsumator\u00eb dhe ofrues energjie, si dhe ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe e energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb prodhuar \u00ebsht\u00eb nga HEC, tarifat jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta, dhe ekonomia e k\u00ebtyre projekteve n\u00eb industri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e favorshme. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet e disa sektor\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin karburante alternative, si p\u00ebr shembull mbeturinat e prodhimit, gjenerimi i vet\u00eb-energjin\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e shk\u00eblqyer. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb \u2013 TPP n\u00eb mbetje t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeje p\u00ebrpunuese druri.<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\nN\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr gjenerimin p\u00ebr nevojat komunale, nd\u00ebrtesat publike dhe objektet e infrastruktur\u00ebs tregtare dhe sociale, deri koh\u00ebt e fundit ekonomia e k\u00ebtyre projekteve p\u00ebrcaktohej n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nga niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs energjetike t\u00eb rajonit dhe, jo m\u00eb pak, nga kostoja e lidhjes teknologjike t\u00eb konsumator\u00ebve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike. Me zhvillimin e teknologjive t\u00eb trigjenerimit, k\u00ebto kufizime kan\u00eb pushuar s\u00eb qeni p\u00ebrcaktuese, nd\u00ebrsa nxeht\u00ebsia an\u00ebsore ose e prodhuar n\u00eb ver\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nevojat e klim\u00ebs, q\u00eb ka rritur ndjesh\u00ebm efikasitetin e qendrave energjike.<\/p>\n

Trigjenerimi: energji elektrike, nxeht\u00ebsi dhe ftohje p\u00ebr objektin<\/h2>\n

\nTrigjenerimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim relativisht i pavarur n\u00eb zhvillimin e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Ai karakterizohet nga individualizmi, pasi fokusohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushjen e nevojave specifike t\u00eb nj\u00eb objekti p\u00ebr burimet energjetike.<\/p>\n

Projekti i par\u00eb me konceptin e trigjenerimit u zhvillua n\u00eb vitin 1998 nga p\u00ebrpjekjet e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb Departamentit t\u00eb Energjis\u00eb t\u00eb SHBA, laboratorit komb\u00ebtar ORNL dhe prodhuesit t\u00eb ABHM (makinave ftoh\u00ebse me brom liithium) BROAD dhe u realizua n\u00eb SHBA n\u00eb vitin 2001. Trigjenerimi bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e makinave ftoh\u00ebse me absorbim q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb si burim kryesor energjie dhe lejojn\u00eb prodhimin e ftohjes dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me nevojat e objektit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorimi i kazaneve t\u00eb zakonshme, si n\u00eb ko-gjenerim, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i domosdosh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe energjis\u00eb elektrike tradicionale, trigjenerimi siguron prodhimin e ftohjes n\u00eb ABHM (n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ujit t\u00eb ftohur) p\u00ebr nevoja teknologjike ose p\u00ebr klim\u00ebn e ambienteve. Procesi i prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike ndodh me humbje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb energjis\u00eb termike (p\u00ebr shembull, me gazrat e shkarkuara nga makinat gjeneruese).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfshirja e k\u00ebsaj nxeht\u00ebsie n\u00eb procesin e marrjes s\u00eb ftohjes, s\u00eb pari, minimizon humbjet, duke rritur efikasitetin e fundit t\u00eb ciklit, dhe s\u00eb dyti, zvog\u00eblon konsumimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb objektit n\u00eb krahasim me teknologjit\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb ftohjes me makina ftoh\u00ebse me kompresion t\u00eb avullit.<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia e pun\u00ebs me burime t\u00eb ndryshme nxeht\u00ebsie (uji i nxeht\u00eb, avujt, gazrat e shkarkuara nga instalacionet gjeneruese, kazanet dhe sobat, si dhe karburantin (gazi natyror, nafta dhe t\u00eb tjera) lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e ABHM n\u00eb objekte krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme, duke p\u00ebrdorur sakt\u00ebsisht burimin q\u00eb ka n\u00eb dispozicion nd\u00ebrmarrja.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb industri mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nxeht\u00ebsia e mbetur:<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\nDhe n\u00eb objektet e sh\u00ebrbimeve qytetare, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat tregtare dhe publike, mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb kombinime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\n\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\n\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\nQendra energjetike e trigjenerimit mund t\u00eb llogaritet dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me nevojat p\u00ebr energji elektrike, ose mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb konsumimin e ftohjes s\u00eb objektit. Varet se \u00e7far\u00eb nga t\u00eb dyja \u00ebsht\u00eb kriteri p\u00ebrcaktues p\u00ebr konsumatorin. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, riciklimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb an\u00ebsore n\u00eb ABHM mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb i plot\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb rastin e dyt\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kufizime n\u00eb energjin\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb gjeneruar vet\u00eb (plot\u00ebsimi b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes blerjes s\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike nga rrjeti i jasht\u00ebm).<\/p>\n

Ku trigjenerimi \u00ebsht\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

\nAplikimi i teknologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i gjer\u00eb: trigenerimi mund t\u00eb integrohet po aq mir\u00eb n\u00eb konceptin e nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire publike (p.sh. nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr tregtare t\u00eb madhe ose nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb aeroporti), dhe n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeje industriale. Efektiviteti i implementimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre projekteve dhe performanca e tyre varen shum\u00eb nga kushtet lokale, si ato ekonomike ashtu edhe klimaterike, dhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet industriale, gjithashtu nga kostoja e produktit q\u00eb prodhohet.<\/p>\n

Kriteri i par\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr ftohje. P\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm sot \u00ebsht\u00eb klimatizimi i nd\u00ebrtesave publike. K\u00ebto mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb qendra biznesi, nd\u00ebrtesa administrative, komplekse spitalore dhe hotelesh, objekte sportive, qendra tregtare dhe akvaparqe, muze dhe pavione ekspozita, nd\u00ebrtesa aeroportesh \u2013 n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb objektet ku ndodhen shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ku k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb sistem qendror klimatik p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb mikroklim\u00eb komode.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb i justifikuar i ABHKM \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr objekte t\u00eb tilla me sip\u00ebrfaqe nga 20-30 mij\u00eb m\u00b2 (qend\u00ebr biznesi e mesme) dhe deri n\u00eb objekte gjigante me disa qindra mij\u00ebra metra katror\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb (qendra tregtare dhe aeroporte).<\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb k\u00ebtoobjekte duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ftohje dhe energji elektrike, por edhe p\u00ebr ngrohje. Dhe ngrohja nuk p\u00ebrfshin vet\u00ebm ngrohjen e ambienteve gjat\u00eb dimrit, por gjithashtu furnizimin me uj\u00eb t\u00eb ngroht\u00eb p\u00ebr nevojat e GVS gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit. Sa m\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e qendr\u00ebs energjetike trigeneruese, aq m\u00eb e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb efikasiteti i saj.<\/p>\n

Kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb ka shum\u00eb shembuj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb trigenerimit n\u00eb sektorin e hoteleris\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtimit dhe modernizimit t\u00eb aeroporteve, institucioneve arsimore, komplekseve biznesi dhe administrative, qendrave t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, gjithashtu ka shum\u00eb shembuj n\u00eb industri \u2014 tekstile, metalurgji, ushqimore, kimike, pulp\u00eb dhe let\u00ebr, inxhinieri mekanike etj.<\/p>\n

Si shembull, do t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb nga objektet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb \u201cInxhinieri i Par\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d zhvilluan konceptin e energjis\u00eb trigjeneruese.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr energji elektrike n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje industriale rreth 4 MW (t\u00eb gjeneruara nga dy instalacione gaz-p\u00ebrshtat\u00ebs (GP)), k\u00ebrkohet ftohje n\u00eb nivelin e 2.1 MW.<\/p>\n

Ftohja gjenerohet nga nj\u00eb makin\u00eb ftoh\u00ebsit me absorbim brumit-litium, e cila funksionon me gazrat e daljes nga GP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nj\u00eb GP mbulon plot\u00ebsisht nevojat e ABHKM p\u00ebr ngrohje. Pra, edhe kur punon vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb GP, fabrika gjithmon\u00eb ka sasin\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ftohjes. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kur t\u00eb dy instalacionet gaz-p\u00ebrshtat\u00ebs dalin jasht\u00eb funksionit, ABHKM ruan aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar ngrohje dhe ftohje, pasi ka nj\u00eb burim rezerv\u00eb ngrohje \u2014 gazin natyror.<\/p>\n

Qendra energjetike trigeneruese<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb nevojave t\u00eb konsumatorit, kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb tij dhe k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr rezervimin, skema e trigenerimit (e paraqitur n\u00eb figurin\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb) mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb bojler\u00eb energjie dhe ngroh\u00ebse, bojler\u00eb riutilizues, turbinat me avull ose gaz, p\u00ebrpunim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb ujit etj.<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPor p\u00ebr objektet relativisht t\u00eb vogla, si nj\u00eb instalim kryesor zakonisht p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb gazi ose instalim pistoni (n\u00eb gaz ose dizel) me kapacitet elektrik relativisht t\u00eb vog\u00ebl (1-6 MW). Ato prodhojn\u00eb energji elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsi an\u00ebsore nga dalja dhe ujin e ngroht\u00eb, t\u00eb ricikluar n\u00eb ABHKM. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb set minimal dhe i mjaftuesh\u00ebm i pajisjeve kryesore.<\/p>\n

\"Trigen\u00ebrimi:
\nPo, k\u00ebtu nuk mund t\u00eb shmangen sistemet ndihm\u00ebse: kulla e ftohjes, pompat, stacioni i trajtimit t\u00eb reagenteve t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave cirkullues p\u00ebr stabilizimin e saj, sistemi i automatizimit dhe energjis\u00eb elektrike, q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike t\u00eb gjeneruar p\u00ebr nevojat e veta.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, qendra trigeneruese \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ose blloqe n\u00eb form\u00eb kontenier\u00ebsh, ose nj\u00eb kombinim i k\u00ebtyre zgjidhjeve, p\u00ebr shkak se k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr vendosjen e pajisjeve elektrike dhe ngroh\u00ebse jan\u00eb disi t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Pajisjet elektrike gjeneruese jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb standardizuara, ndryshe nga ABHKM, megjith\u00ebse jan\u00eb teknikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara. Koh\u00ebt e prodhimit t\u00eb tyre mund t\u00eb variojn\u00eb nga 6 deri n\u00eb 12 muaj e madje m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Koha mesatare e prodhimit t\u00eb ABHKM \u00ebsht\u00eb 3-6 muaj (n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb kapacitetit t\u00eb ftohjes, numrit dhe llojeve t\u00eb burimeve ngroh\u00ebse).<\/p>\n

Zakonisht, prodhimi i pajisjeve ndihm\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb afatet e nj\u00ebjta, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb koha totale e realizimit t\u00eb projektit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb centrali tri-gjenerues mesatarisht arrin n\u00eb 1.5 vjet.<\/p>\n

Rezultati<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, qendra tri-gjeneruese do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb uljen e numrit t\u00eb ofruesve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2013 ofruesin e gazit. Duke p\u00ebrjashtuar blerjen e energjis\u00eb elektrike dhe ngrohjes, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb eliminohen, para s\u00eb gjithash, \u00e7do rrezik q\u00eb lidhet me nd\u00ebrprerjet n\u00eb furnizimin me energji.<\/p>\n

Puna me nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur energjin\u00eb 'tepric\u00eb' relativisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb, ul kostot e prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike dhe nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me blerjen e saj. Ngarkimi gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit i kapaciteteve gjeneruese p\u00ebr ngrohje (dimrit p\u00ebr ngrohje, ver\u00ebs p\u00ebr ftohje dhe nevojat teknologjike) siguron efikasitetin maksimal. Natyrisht, si p\u00ebr projektet e tjera, kushti kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi i konceptit t\u00eb duhur dhe justifikimi teknik-ekonomik i tij.<\/p>\n

Nga p\u00ebrfitimet e tjera \u2014 ecologjike. Duke p\u00ebrdorur gazrat e shkarkimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar energji t\u00eb dobishme, ne reduktojm\u00eb emetimet n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ndryshe nga teknologjit\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb ftohjes, ku agjent\u00ebt ftoh\u00ebs jan\u00eb amoniaku dhe freoni, ABHM p\u00ebrdor ujin si agjent ftoh\u00ebs, gj\u00eb q\u00eb gjithashtu minimizon ngarkes\u00ebn ekologjike.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 30% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 5-10%. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440. 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