{"id":52794,"date":"2019-11-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kak-my-letali-na-dronah-po-musornym-poligonam-i-iskali-utechki-metana"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:35","slug":"kak-my-letali-na-dronah-po-musornym-poligonam-i-iskali-utechki-metana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-my-letali-na-dronah-po-musornym-poligonam-i-iskali-utechki-metana","title":{"rendered":"Si fluturuam me dron\u00eb mbi deponit\u00eb e mbetjeve dhe k\u00ebrkuam rrjedhje metani","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Si
\nHarta e fluturimit, tregohet pikave me p\u00ebrqendrim metani mbi 3,000 ppm*m. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb!<\/i><\/p>\n

Imagjinoni se keni nj\u00eb deponi mbeturinash q\u00eb her\u00eb pas here djeg dhe thith. Kjo lidhet me faktin se, gjat\u00eb kalbjes s\u00eb organik\u00ebs, krijohen gazra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 metanit, krijohen edhe gazra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb shum\u00eb toksik\u00eb, prandaj deponit\u00eb e mbetjeve shpesh duhet t\u00eb shqyrtohen. <\/p>\n

Zakonisht, kjo b\u00ebhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb inspektimi me k\u00ebmb\u00eb me nj\u00eb detektor metani t\u00eb dor\u00ebs, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, e gjat\u00eb dhe gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr pronar\u00ebt e deponive t\u00eb mbetjeve. <\/p>\n

Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb e qytetit, autoritetet lokale, rajonin dhe etj., ku ndodhet deponia ose deponia e autorizuar, ekolog\u00ebt dhe njer\u00ebzit e zakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb duan t\u00eb frym\u00ebzojn\u00eb aj\u00ebr t\u00eb past\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebrbimi i matjes automatizuar t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb metanit me an\u00eb t\u00eb dron\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ne, s\u00eb bashku me partner\u00ebt tan\u00eb nga kompania Pergam<\/a><\/noindex>, kemi kryer nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim dhe kemi arritur nj\u00eb rezultat interesant.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb rregullohet?<\/h3>\n

\nBaza normative p\u00ebr deponit\u00eb e mbetjeve t\u00eb ngurta \u2014 udh\u00ebzues p\u00ebr projektimin, operimin dhe rikultivimin e deponive p\u00ebr mbetjet e ngurta t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme (miratuar nga Ministria e Nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb RF m\u00eb 2 n\u00ebntor 1996), rregullat sanitar\u00eb SP 2.1.7.1038-01 \"K\u00ebrkesat higjienike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjen e deponive p\u00ebr mbetje t\u00eb ngurta t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme\" (miratuar me vendimin e Kryetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik t\u00eb RF m\u00eb 30 maj 2001 nr. 16), koncepti p\u00ebr trajtimin e mbetjeve t\u00eb ngurta t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme n\u00eb Federat\u00ebn Ruse MDS 13-8.2000 (miratuar me vendimin e Kolegji t\u00eb Shtetit t\u00eb RF m\u00eb 22 dhjetor 1999 nr. 17), SanPiN 2.1.6.1032-01. 2.1.6. Ajri atmosferik dhe ajri i hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb mbyllura, mbrojtja sanitare e ajrit. K\u00ebrkesat higjienike p\u00ebr sigurimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ajrit atmosferik n\u00eb vendet e banuara (miratuar nga Kryetari i Sh\u00ebndetit Publik t\u00eb RF m\u00eb 17.05.2001). <\/p>\n

Konzetracionet maksimale t\u00eb lejuara sipas k\u00ebtij seti dokumentesh jan\u00eb si vijon:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Substanca<\/p>\n

PDS, mg\/m3<\/p>\n

Maksimalisht nj\u00eb her\u00eb<\/p>\n

Mesatare ditore<\/p>\n

Pluhuri netoksik<\/p>\n

0,5<\/p>\n

0,15<\/p>\n

Sulfidi i hidrogjenit<\/p>\n

0,008<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

Oksidi i karbonit<\/p>\n

5,0<\/p>\n

3,0<\/p>\n

Oksidi i azotit<\/p>\n

0,4<\/p>\n

0,06<\/p>\n

Merkuri metalik<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

0,0003<\/p>\n

Metani<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

50,0<\/p>\n

Amoniaku<\/p>\n

0,2<\/p>\n

0,04<\/p>\n

Benzeni<\/p>\n

1,5<\/p>\n

0,1<\/p>\n

Triklorometani<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

0,03<\/p>\n

Karboni kat\u00ebrklorid<\/p>\n

4,0<\/p>\n

0,7<\/p>\n

Klorobenzeni<\/p>\n

0,1<\/p>\n

0,1<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kujtimi tipik i biogaz\u00ebs:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Substanca<\/b><\/p>\n

%<\/b><\/p>\n

Metani, CH4<\/p>\n

50\u201375<\/p>\n

Dioxid karbonik, CO2<\/p>\n

25\u201350<\/p>\n

Nitrogjen, N2<\/p>\n

0\u201310<\/p>\n

Hidrogjen, H2<\/p>\n

0\u20131<\/p>\n

Sulfid hidrogjenit, H2S<\/p>\n

0\u20133<\/p>\n

Oksigjen, O2<\/p>\n

0\u20132<\/p>\n

Biogazi l\u00ebshohet deri n\u00eb 12\u201315 vjet, dhe pas vitit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u2014 kryesisht vet\u00ebm metan ose vet\u00ebm dioxid karbonik (ose nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje e tyre). <\/p>\n

Si k\u00ebrkohen rrjedhjet tani<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur vendet e daljes s\u00eb metanit n\u00eb deponi, p\u00ebrdoret puna e rrethuesve. Ata marrin nj\u00eb analizator gazi manual (popullor si \u2018nuha\u00e7\u2019) dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr aparat, t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me nj\u00eb \u00e7ad\u00ebr, dhe zgjedhin nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb deponi. Vendosin atje nj\u00eb kub t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe presin derisa n\u00ebn kub t\u00eb akumulohet nj\u00eb koncentrim i caktuar gazi. Matni nivelin e koncentrimit me an\u00eb t\u00eb analizatorit t\u00eb gazit dhe regjistroni t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e instrumentit. Pas k\u00ebsaj, ata l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr matjen e ardhshme. Dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Procesi \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i thjesht\u00eb, por shum\u00eb i paefektsh\u00ebm n\u00eb terma t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb matjeve t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohe. Shtojm\u00eb k\u00ebtu faktor\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb dhe kushtet e tmerrshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb rrethuesve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt detyrohen t\u00eb ecin p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra mbi deponin\u00eb me er\u00eb t\u00eb keqe (padyshim, duke p\u00ebrdorur mjete mbrojt\u00ebse personale).<\/p>\n

Droni na ndihmon<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018, n\u00eb ekspozit\u00ebn INTERGEO 2018 (Frankfurt) u njoh\u00ebm me teknologjin\u00eb Pergam dhe p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e tyre me fluturimet me dron\u00eb mbi deponit\u00eb e mbetjeve. Djemt\u00eb filluan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb dron me nj\u00eb detektor lazer t\u00eb metanit t\u00eb instaluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur pik\u00ebpamjet e rrjedhjes. N\u00eb bord t\u00eb dronit u vendos nj\u00eb logger q\u00eb regjistron t\u00eb gjitha treguesit e detektorit. Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb fluturimit, informacioni nga logger transferohet n\u00eb kompjuter n\u00eb form\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave tabelare p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb. N\u00ebse ka ndonj\u00eb tejkalim t\u00eb koncentrimit t\u00eb metanit, droni d\u00ebrgohet edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar fotografi t\u00eb vendit t\u00eb rrjedhjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, djemt\u00eb e Pergam tashm\u00eb kishin realizuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb fluturimesh mbi deponit\u00eb e mbetjeve dhe kuptuan se fluturimi ligj\u00ebrisht ishte relativisht i thjesht\u00eb. Procesi q\u00eb rezultoi ishte si vijon:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fluturimet me druame zakonisht miratohen dy jav\u00eb pas p\u00ebrmbushjes s\u00eb procedurave ligjore: marrjes s\u00eb lejes nga pronari i territorit, miratimit nga autoritetet aviacionit dhe administrata e rajonit t\u00eb planit t\u00eb fluturimit. Aplikimi p\u00ebr vendosjen e nj\u00eb regjimi lokal fluturimi d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn zonale (QZ) tri deri n\u00eb pes\u00eb dit\u00eb para fillimit t\u00eb punimeve, plani i fluturimit d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para fillimit t\u00eb punimeve. N\u00eb dit\u00ebn e fillimit t\u00eb punimeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb telefononi dy or\u00eb p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb QZ; para fluturimit, duhet t\u00eb telefononi t\u00eb gjitha organet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse. Organi p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohen sipas hart\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme \"Hap\u00ebsira Ajrore e Federat\u00ebs Ruse\" (HAFR). Duket se shum\u00eb shpejt do t\u00eb dalin ndryshime, dhe do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb fluturohet n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 150 metra brenda pamjes direkte. <\/li>\n
  2. \u00c7do her\u00eb fluturimi fillon me matjen e drejtimit dhe shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs, presionit atmosferik. N\u00ebse shpejt\u00ebsia e er\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se kat\u00ebr metra n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk fluturohet, sepse rezultati b\u00ebhet i pap\u00ebrcaktuesh\u00ebm: mund t\u00eb zbulohet nj\u00eb rrjedhje n\u00eb vendin e gabuar (fizikisht do t\u00eb d\u00ebbohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim tjet\u00ebr). <\/li>\n
  3. Operatori i dronit n\u00eb terren minimizon vet\u00eb numrin e kthesave dhe llogarit koh\u00ebn e fluturimit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht rreth 25 minuta. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mund t\u00eb shkurtohet koha e fluturimit nga 5 n\u00eb 20 % n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb kushteve meteorologjike. <\/li>\n
  4. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb filloni fluturimet nga ana me er\u00eb prapa, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb skanimi t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me er\u00ebn. <\/li>\n
  5. Shkalla e fluturimit e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur rrjedhjet \u00ebsht\u00eb 15 metra. <\/li>\n
  6. N\u00ebse ka leje p\u00ebr fotografi ajrore, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb fotografoni vendin e derdhjes me termokamer\u00eb dhe n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e dukshme.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nN\u00eb krahasim me pun\u00ebn e kontrolleve - nj\u00eb hap p\u00ebrpara! Por n\u00eb funksionimin e detektorit, i aplikuar nga Pergam p\u00ebr fluturimet, kishte nj\u00eb t\u00eb met\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: mungesa e nj\u00eb kanali komunikimi midis detektorit dhe operatorit gjat\u00eb fluturimit. Informacionin p\u00ebr rrjedhjet mund t\u00eb merrej vet\u00ebm pas uljes s\u00eb dronit.<\/p>\n

    Pergam + KROK + SPH<\/h3>\n

    \nN\u00eb momentin e njohjes me Pergam, KROK sapo kishte sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb bordit p\u00ebr dronin DJI Matrice 600, i cili gjithashtu mund t\u00eb transmetonte telemetrin\u00eb p\u00ebrmes DJI LightBridge 2. Pergam ishte menj\u00ebher\u00eb i interesuar p\u00ebr produktin dhe ofroi t\u00eb b\u00ebnte integrimin e downlink p\u00ebr produktin e tyre - detektorin e metanit LMC p\u00ebr dron.<\/p>\n

    Rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt nga KROK (Rusia), Pergam-Inzhinier\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Rusia) dhe SPH Engineering (Letonia, prodhues i softuerit UGCS) \u2014 kompleksi LMC G2 DL (Laser Methane Copter Generation 2 with Downlink). Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb brezi i dyt\u00eb i kompleksit softuerik-hardware p\u00ebr zbuluar rrjedhjet e metanit (CH4).<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb zgjidhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb droni DJI Matrice 600 me nj\u00eb pesh\u00eb t\u00eb ngritjes prej 11 kilogram\u00ebsh, i pajisur me detektor lazer t\u00eb metanit dhe nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb bordit. Softueri i ri lejon p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar me sakt\u00ebsi trajektoren e fluturimit n\u00eb lart\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nevojshme, duke reaguar menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e zbulimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjedhjeje metani, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lokalizuar sakt\u00ebsisht vendin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb masa n\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Tani procesi \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

    1. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos humbur asnj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb polit, plani i fluturimit krijohet n\u00eb softuerin UgCS. Kjo merr vet\u00ebm disa minuta. Dhe mund ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb zyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngroht\u00eb pa u ngrir\u00eb\u2026 duar. <\/p>\n

    \"Si
    \nPlani i fluturimit t\u00eb dronit n\u00eb softuerin UgCS. <\/i><\/p>\n

    2. M\u00eb pas, operatori p\u00ebrgatit dronin n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e ngritjes n\u00eb poligon. Dhe p\u00ebrmes aplikacionit celular UgCS fillon fluturimin. <\/p>\n

    \"Si
    \nKonsentrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb normal.<\/i><\/p>\n

    \"Si
    \nU zbulua nj\u00eb rrjedhje.<\/i><\/p>\n

    3. M\u00eb pas, fal\u00eb kompjuterit ton\u00eb t\u00eb bordit, matjet e detektor\u00ebve t\u00eb metanit d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb aplikacionin mobil. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompjuteri i bordit, n\u00eb rast se humbet lidhjen me tok\u00ebn, regjistron t\u00eb gjitha matjet n\u00eb kart\u00ebn SD. <\/p>\n

    4. T\u00eb gjitha tejkalimet e nivelit t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimit t\u00eb metanit mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb hart\u00eb. Ti nuk humb m\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb paspunimin p\u00ebr lokalizimin e vendit t\u00eb rrjedhjes. <\/p>\n

    5. Fitim!<\/p>\n

    Koment i ekologut KROK:<\/p>\n

    Nuk ka ndonj\u00eb ligj q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb q\u00eb landfilli t\u00eb regjistroj\u00eb zyrtarisht ndonj\u00eb rrjedhje, por metani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gaz serr\u00eb dhe gazrat serr\u00eb jan\u00eb ndaluar q\u00eb prej rreth 20 vjet\u00ebsh. Ekziston Protokolli i Kiotos, dhe n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit \"Ajri i Past\u00ebr\", i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e projektit komb\u00ebtar \"Ekologjia\", me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr kuotat. Dhe k\u00ebto kuota do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb tregtohen. \u00c7do kompani duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb n\u00ebse ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb minimizoj\u00eb ose t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb emetimet. <\/p>\n

    Autoriteti mbikqyr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb Rosprirodnadzor. Vet\u00eb deponia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb objekt inxhinierik, pra duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr Ekspertiz\u00ebn Kryesore t\u00eb Shtetit. Atje ka kontroll prodhues-ecologjik. Frekuenca e k\u00ebtij kontrolli vendoset n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb rrezikshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7do deponi specifike. P\u00ebr shembull, \u00e7do tre muaj vjen nj\u00eb laborator dhe b\u00ebn disa matje \u2014 zakonisht t\u00eb ujit, tok\u00ebs, ajrit. Depozita t\u00eb mira ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e tubacioneve p\u00ebr gazin e deponis\u00eb dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb gaz e p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr nevojat e tyre. Zakonisht atje ka rreth 40 p\u00ebrqind metan. N\u00ebse shp\u00ebrthen, do t\u00eb ket\u00eb d\u00ebmtime t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs, ndoshta viktima njer\u00ebzore, nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthim i fuqish\u00ebm\u2026 N\u00eb at\u00eb rast, ndaj pronarit do t\u00eb iniciohet nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje penale. Dhe askush nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i interesuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Nj\u00eb dron n\u00eb Krasnoyarsk, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i arsyesh\u00ebm ekonomikisht. Dy persona plus nj\u00eb roje me arm\u00eb (seriozisht \u2014 atje ka arinj), nj\u00eb makin\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb-terrenit q\u00eb prishet \u00e7do 20\u201440 km, strehim, dhe dieta verore n\u00eb veri.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \nDronet mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende. T\u00eb djeg\u00ebsh pengesat n\u00eb troll, t\u00eb ujit\u00ebsh nj\u00eb fush\u00eb, t\u00eb hedh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb bllok p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb po mbyten, t\u00eb fluturosh p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb zjarri dhe t\u00eb gjesh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, t\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsh brakonier\u00ebt ose t\u00eb k\u00ebrkosh plantacione kanabisi, t\u00eb b\u00ebsh inventar n\u00eb nj\u00eb magazin\u00eb \u2014 ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi. N\u00eb fakt, \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon imagjinata juaj. Na interesojn\u00eb sfida t\u00eb reja, dhe ne mund dhe duam t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhim problemin tuaj. Po ashtu, n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur rrjedhje, mund t\u00eb ofroj nj\u00eb projekt pilot p\u00ebr at\u00eb m\u00eb interesante. Emaili im \u2014 ALevandovskiy@croc.ru.<\/p>\n

    Linke<\/h3>\n

    <\/p>\n