{"id":52795,"date":"2019-11-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:35","slug":"3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","title":{"rendered":"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6e7d22b08dcfd1f7fe5eb592f271c1bc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, miq! Sot do t\u00eb vazhdoj ciklin e artikujve t\u00eb dedikuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/katalog\/extreme\">switch-ave Extreme<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb projektimit t\u00eb rrjetit Enterprise.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb jem sa m\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj qasjen modulare n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit Enterprise <\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb shqyrtoj format e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb nga modul\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes \u2014 rrjetin kempus (ip-campus)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj avantazhet dhe disavantazhet e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve kritike t\u00eb rrjetit <\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull abstrakt t\u00eb projektoj\/rifreskoj nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl Enterprise<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb zgjedh switch-ave Extreme p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar rrjetin e projektuar<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb punoj me fibra dhe adresimin IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKy artikull do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i interesant p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit dhe administrator\u00ebt e rrjeteve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve q\u00eb sapo kan\u00eb filluar rrug\u00ebn e tyre si \"rrjetues\", sesa p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt e eksperienc\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite n\u00eb operator\u00eb t\u00eb komunikacionit ose n\u00eb korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me rrjete t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara gjeografikisht.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar jan\u00eb t\u00eb lutur t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb m\u00eb tej. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Qasja modulare n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit<\/h2>\n<p>\nDo ta filloj artikullin tim me nj\u00eb qasje modulare mjaft t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit, e cila lejon mbledhjen e nj\u00eb puzzle t\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Fillimisht, pak abstraksion \u2014 un\u00eb shpesh e paraqes k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje si nj\u00eb zoom n\u00eb harta gjeografike, kur n\u00eb af\u00ebrsin\u00eb e par\u00eb duket vendi, n\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn rajonet, n\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn qytetet, etj.<\/p>\n<p>Si nj\u00eb shembull, le t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Af\u00ebrsia e par\u00eb \u2014 e gjith\u00eb rrjeti i nd\u00ebrmarrjes paraqet nj\u00eb grup nivelet t\u00eb ndryshme:\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti kempus ose kempusi<\/li>\n<li>niveli i kufirit<\/li>\n<li>niveli i operator\u00ebve t\u00eb komunikimit<\/li>\n<li>zonat e larg\u00ebta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Af\u00ebrsia e dyt\u00eb \u2014 \u00e7do nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto nivele detajohen n\u00eb module t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti kempus ose kempusi p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga:\n<ul>\n<li>moduli me 3 ose 2 nivele, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan rrjetin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes dhe nivelet e saj \u2014 akses, shp\u00ebrndarje dhe\/t\u00eb ose b\u00ebrtham\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>moduli q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan Qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave (QTD) \u2014 pjesa serverike e infrastruktur\u00ebs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i kufirit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet gjithashtu nga:\n<ul>\n<li>moduli i lidhjes me internetin<\/li>\n<li>moduli WAN dhe MAN, q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr lidhjen e objekteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara gjeografikisht t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes<\/li>\n<li>moduli p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e tunel\u00ebve VPN dhe aksesit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb vogla e kan\u00eb t\u00eb kombinuar nj\u00eb ose t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta module n\u00eb nj\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i ofruesve:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel p\u00ebrfshihen lidhjet \"n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme\" \u2014 fibra optike t\u00eb err\u00ebta (qiradh\u00ebnie fibre nga operator\u00ebt), kanale lidhjeje (Ethernet, G.703 etj.), akses n\u00eb Internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i larg\u00ebt:\n<ul>\n<li>kryesisht, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb filiala t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb qytet, rajon, vend ose madje kontinente.<\/li>\n<li>po ashtu, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet nj\u00eb QTD rezerv\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrzien pun\u00ebn e asaj kryesore<\/li>\n<li>dhe, natyrisht, po fitojn\u00eb popullaritet n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit \u2014 punonj\u00ebsit e larg\u00ebt (teleworkers)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Af\u00ebrsia e tret\u00eb \u2014 secili nga k\u00ebta module ndahen n\u00eb module ose nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla. P\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb rrjetin kempus:\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti me 3 nivele ndahet n\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>niveli i aksesit<\/li>\n<li>niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>niveli i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>QTD n\u00eb raste m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara mund t\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb rrjetore me 2 ose 3 nivele<\/li>\n<li>pjesa serverike<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn do t'i paraqes n\u00eb vizatimin e thjesht\u00ebzuar q\u00eb vijon:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/94cd494f2b2bb2c61aa1e6b4c150c09c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSi\u00e7 duket nga vizatimi m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u2014 qasja modulare ndihmon n\u00eb detajimin dhe strukturimin e pamjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb elemente p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse, me t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb punohet m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, do t\u00eb ndalesha n\u00eb nivelin e Kempus Enterprise dhe do ta p\u00ebrshkruaj m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje.<\/p>\n<h2>Formate t\u00eb rrjeteve IP-CAMPUS<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs time n\u00eb nj\u00eb ofrues dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht m\u00eb von\u00eb \u2014 n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e integratorit, kam hasur n\u00eb \"maturin\u00eb\" e ndryshme t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor termin maturi, pasi shpesh ndodhin raste kur struktura e rrjetit rritet me rritjen e vet\u00eb kompanis\u00eb dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fakt e natyrshme.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, e cila ndodhet brenda nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese, rrjeti i nd\u00ebrmarrjes mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm nga 1 router kufiri, i cili kryen rolin e nj\u00eb muri mbrojt\u00ebs, disa switch-a akses dhe nj\u00eb ose dy servera.<\/p>\n<p>E quaj nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr vete \"rrjeti jedno-niveli\" \u2014 n\u00eb t\u00eb mungon plot\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb nivel i qart\u00eb i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb routerin kufiri (me funksionet e firewall, VPN dhe ndoshta proxy), nd\u00ebrsa switch-at e aksesit sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt e punonj\u00ebsve, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr serverat.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/fe05e9fc0e26ffb37a8a291aa9c721c5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb rastin e rritjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes \u2014 rritjes s\u00eb numrit t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe server\u00ebve, shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rritni numrin e switch-eve n\u00eb rrjet dhe portet e aksesit<\/li>\n<li>rritni kapacitetet serverike<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb luftoni me domenet e transmetimit \u2014 t\u00eb implementoni segmentimin e rrjetit dhe ruterin midis segmenteve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb luftosh ndaj \u00e7rregullimeve n\u00eb rrjet, t\u00eb cilat shkaktojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit, t\u00eb cilat \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb shpenzime t\u00eb tjera financiare p\u00ebr menaxhmentin (punonj\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb i papun\u00eb, paga \u00ebsht\u00eb e paguar, por puna nuk kryhet)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb procesin e luftimit t\u00eb \u00e7rregullimeve, t\u00eb mendosh p\u00ebr rezervimin e nyjeve kritike t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 ruter\u00ebt, kaluesit, server\u00ebt dhe sh\u00ebrbimet<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsohet politika e siguris\u00eb, pasi mund t\u00eb lindin rreziqe komerciale dhe gjithashtu \u2014 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb faktin se inxhinieri (administratori i rrjetit) nj\u00eb moment do t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e duhur t\u00eb rrjetit dhe do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb model me 2 nivele.<\/p>\n<p>Ky model qart\u00eb dallon 2 nivele \u2014 niveli i aksesit dhe niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes, i cili gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli b\u00ebrtham\u00eb (collapsed-core).<\/p>\n<p>Niveli i kombinuar i shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs kryen funksionet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>agregon lidhjet nga kaluesit e aksesit <\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb b\u00ebn ruterizimin e segmenteve t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 numri i p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe pajisjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq i madh saq\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet \/24 ata nuk p\u00ebrfshihen, dhe n\u00ebse p\u00ebrfshihen, stuhit\u00eb e broadcast shkaktojn\u00eb \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb vazhdueshme (ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoruesit e ndihmojn\u00eb duke krijuar cikle)<\/li>\n<li>siguron lidhjen nd\u00ebrmjet segmenteve t\u00eb af\u00ebrta t\u00eb kaluesve (p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta)<\/li>\n<li>siguron lidhjen nd\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb tyre dhe ferm\u00ebs s\u00eb server\u00ebve, e cila gjithashtu fillon t\u00eb dallohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 Qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave.<\/li>\n<li>fillon t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me kaluesit e aksesit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb mase, politik\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb, e cila fillon t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb. Kompania rritet, rreziqet komerciale gjithashtu rriten ( k\u00ebtu n\u00ebnkuptoj jo vet\u00ebm dispozitat p\u00ebr sekretin komercial, ndarjen e politikave t\u00eb aksesit etj., por edhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprerjet elementare t\u00eb rrjetit dhe punonj\u00ebsve).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u00ebshtu q\u00eb rrjeti \u0440\u0430r\u0430 ose von\u00eb rritet n\u00eb nj\u00eb model me 2 nivele:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e327c876c5fe9ad45932b014957e3796.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model shfaqen k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr kaluesit e nivelit t\u00eb aksesit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt agregojn\u00eb lidhjet nga p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe pajisjet e rrjetit (printer\u00eb, pika aksesimi, pajisje VoIP, telefone IP, kamera IP etj.) dhe p\u00ebr kaluesit e nivelit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Kaluesit e aksesit duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb inteligjent\u00eb dhe funksional\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkesat e performanc\u00ebs, siguris\u00eb dhe fleksibilitetit t\u00eb rrjetit, dhe duhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme portesh akses dhe porte magjistrale \u2014 preferohet me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rezerv\u00ebs p\u00ebr rritjen e trafikut, si dhe p\u00ebr numrin e porteve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb switch-it dhe kapacitet kalimi<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb funksionalitetin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushte politik\u00ebn aktuale t\u00eb siguris\u00eb (dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale dhe rritjen e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb saj n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e furnizimit t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t'u arritur me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rifillimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb distanc\u00eb p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb (PoE, PoE+)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rezervimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike personale, p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb ato vende ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb (n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur) potencial t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm rritjeje t\u00eb funksionalitetit \u2014 nj\u00eb shembull i zakonsh\u00ebm, kur kaluesi i aksesit me kalimin e koh\u00ebs shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb kalues t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKaluesit e shp\u00ebrndarjes gjithashtu i n\u00ebnshtrohen k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>si n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e porteve magjistrale n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kaluesve t\u00eb aksesit, ashtu edhe n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve peer t\u00eb kaluesve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes fqinje (dhe m\u00eb tej mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb lidhjeve n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e funksionalitetit L2 dhe L3<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e funksionalitetit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sigurimit t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb (rezervimi, klasterizimi dhe rezervimi i energjis\u00eb elektrike)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sigurimit t\u00eb fleksibilitetit gjat\u00eb balancimit t\u00eb trafikut<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb (n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur) potencial t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm rritjeje t\u00eb funksionalitetit (transformimi me kalimin e koh\u00ebs t\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisjeje agregimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb disa raste, n\u00eb kaluesit e shp\u00ebrndarjes mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren porte PoE, PoE+.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb pas \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb: n\u00ebse menaxhmenti vendos politik\u00ebn e rritjes aktive dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes, rrjeti do t\u00eb vazhdoi t\u00eb zhvillohet \u2014 nd\u00ebrmarrja mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb me qira nd\u00ebrtesat fqinje, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb veta ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrthith\u00eb konkurrent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu numrin e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me k\u00ebt\u00eb ndodh gjithashtu rritja e rrjetit, e cila k\u00ebrkon:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sigurimin e punonj\u00ebsve me vende pune \u2014 nevojiten kalues t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb aksesit me porte akses<\/li>\n<li>prania e kaluesve t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb agreguar lidhjet nga kaluesit e aksesit<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrtimin e linjave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb komunikimit, si dhe modernizimin e atyre ekzistuese <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSi pasoj\u00eb, ndodh rritja e trafikut p\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb porteve t\u00eb aksesit dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb sistemeve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, t\u00eb cilat zgjedhin rrjetin e kompanis\u00eb si transport \u2014 telefonin\u00eb, sigurin\u00eb, sistemet inxhinierike etj.<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve shtes\u00eb \u2014 me rritjen e stafit krijohen departamente t\u00eb reja, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb softuer specifik<\/li>\n<li>rriten kapacitetet kompjuterike t\u00eb Qendrave t\u00eb T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave (QTD) p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkesat e infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe aplikacioneve<\/li>\n<li>rriten k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr siguri n\u00eb rrjet dhe informacione \u2014 triada e njohur e CIA-s (shaka), por n\u00ebse flasim seriozisht, CIA \u2014 Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, p\u00ebr nivelet kritike t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 ndarjes dhe QTD-ve jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme k\u00ebrkesa shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe rezervimin<\/li>\n<li>po ashtu, ndodh rritja e trafikut p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull RKV dhe etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHer\u00ebt a von\u00eb, rritja e trafikut, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb nivel shtes\u00eb rrjeti \u2014 b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn, e cila do t\u00eb kryej\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhjen\/rutimin e paketave me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur linja komunikimi me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, kompanit\u00eb mund t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb modelin e rrjetit me 3 nivele:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/83b2672c654a223af8a34b78c3ab02d6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSi\u00e7 shihet n\u00eb ilustrimin n\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u2014 n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb till\u00eb ka nj\u00eb nivel b\u00ebrthame, i cili agregon lidhjet me shpejt\u00ebsi nga switch-at e shp\u00ebrndarjes. K\u00ebshtu, switch-at e b\u00ebrthames kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kapacitetin e kalimit t\u00eb interface-ve \u2014 1GE, 2.5GE, 10GE, 40GE, 100GE<\/li>\n<li>performanc\u00ebn e switch-it (kapaciteti i nd\u00ebrlidhjes dhe performanca e p\u00ebrparimit)<\/li>\n<li>llojt\u00eb e interface-ve \u2014 1000BASE-T, SFP, SFP+, QSFP, QSFP+<\/li>\n<li>numri dhe seti i interface-ve<\/li>\n<li>mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e rezervimit (stakimi, klasterizimi, rezervimi i bordeve t\u00eb menaxhimit (i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr switch-at modular), rezervimi i energjis\u00eb etj.)<\/li>\n<li>funksionaliteti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb till\u00eb rrjeti patjet\u00ebr ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr modifikimin e tij teknik:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rezervimi i nyjave dhe lidhjeve t\u00eb b\u00ebrthames (shum\u00eb-rezervuar-rezervuar)<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i nyjave dhe lidhjeve t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes (var\u00ebsisht nga r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia)<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i lidhjeve mes switch-ave t\u00eb aksesit dhe nivelit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes (sip pas nevoj\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrhyrja e protokolleve t\u00eb ruterizimit dinamik<\/li>\n<li>balancimi i trafikut si n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb nivelet e shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe aksesit (sip pas nevoj\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>implementimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve shtes\u00eb \u2014 si ato transportuese ashtu edhe sh\u00ebrbimet e siguris\u00eb (sip pas nevoj\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\npo ashtu dhe ligji, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton politik\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb rrjetore t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, e cila plot\u00ebson politik\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr implementimin dhe konfigurimin e funksioneve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb switch-at e aksesit dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr akses, monitorim dhe menaxhim t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb rrjetit (protokollet e aksesit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, segmentet e rrjetit t\u00eb lejuara p\u00ebr menaxhim, konfigurimi i log-eve etj.)<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr rezervimin<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr formimin e paket\u00ebs minimale t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb ZI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion kam p\u00ebrshkruar shkurtimisht evolucionin e rrjetit dhe kompanis\u00eb nga disa switch-a dhe disa dhjet\u00ebra punonj\u00ebs deri n\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra (ndoshta edhe qindra switch-a) dhe disa qindra (madje mij\u00ebra) t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve q\u00eb punojn\u00eb ngusht\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e kompanis\u00eb (dhe ka edhe departe prodhimi dhe sisteme inxhinierike).<br \/>\nKuptohet, q\u00eb n\u00eb realitet nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb till\u00eb \"mrekullish\" dhe t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb nuk ndodh.<br \/>\nZakonisht kalojn\u00eb vite q\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani dhe rrjeti t\u00eb rriten nga niveli i tyre fillestar 1, deri n\u00eb 3-in, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj un\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Pse po shkruaj k\u00ebto t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb thjeshta? Sepse dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend nj\u00eb term si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ROI \u2014 return-on-investment (kthimi\/zhb\u00ebrja e investimeve) dhe t\u00eb shqyrtoj at\u00eb an\u00eb q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me zgjedhjen e pajisjeve rrjetore.<\/p>\n<p>Kur zgjedhin pajisjet, inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit dhe drejtuesit e tyre shpesh zgjidhin pajisjet duke u bazuar n\u00eb 2 faktor\u00eb \u2014 \u00e7mimin aktual t\u00eb pajisjes dhe funksionalitetin minimal teknik t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e nj\u00eb problemi specifik, apo problemeve (p\u00ebr blerjen e pajisjeve p\u00ebr rezervim do flas m\u00eb tej).<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr rritjen e m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb pajisjeve shpeshher\u00eb nuk shqyrtohen. Kur ndodh nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pajisja e humbet funksionalitetin ose performanc\u00ebn e saj, zakonisht blihet nj\u00eb pajisje m\u00eb e fuqishme dhe m\u00eb funksionale, nd\u00ebrsa ajo e vjet\u00ebr vihet n\u00eb depo ose shkon ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet me parimin \"q\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb\" (ky fenomen, n\u00eb fakt, gjithashtu kontribuon n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb diverse t\u00eb madhe pajisjesh dhe blerjen e shum\u00eb sistemeve informacioni q\u00eb punojn\u00eb me to).<\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb blihen disa licenca p\u00ebr funksionalitete dhe performanc\u00eb shtes\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se sa blerja e pajisjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara, duhet t\u00eb blihet nj\u00eb pajisje e re dhe t\u00eb paguhet m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti shpesh rritet ngadal\u00eb dhe zgjerimi i funksionalitetit ose performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb switch-it tuaj mund t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sekret q\u00eb pajisjet e shit\u00ebsve t\u00eb huaj lidhen me monedh\u00ebn e huaj (dollari ose euro). Po t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb \u2014 rritja e dollarit ose euros (ose devalvimi i p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm i rubles, p\u00ebr ta kthyer ndryshe) b\u00ebn q\u00eb dollari 10 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe dollari sot t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr me pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb rubles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDuke p\u00ebrmbledhur gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb lart, d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb theksoj se blerja e pajisjeve t\u00eb rrjetit me funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb tani, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb kursime t\u00eb ardhshme. <br \/>\nK\u00ebtu shpenzimet p\u00ebr blerjen e pajisjeve i shqyrtoj n\u00eb kontekstin e investimit n\u00eb rrjetin dhe infrastruktur\u00ebn time.<\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, shum\u00eb shit\u00ebs (jo vet\u00ebm Extreme) ndjekin parimin pay-as-you-grow, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe funksionalitetesh dhe mund\u00ebsish p\u00ebr rritjen e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb von\u00eb aktivizohen me blerjen e licencave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Gjithashtu, ata ofrojn\u00eb switches modulare me nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb kartash nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore dhe procesor\u00ebsh dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb numrit dhe performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n<h2>Rezervimi i nyjeve kritike<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj shpejt parimet kryesore t\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb rrjetit, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb switch-at e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose shp\u00ebrndarja. Dua t\u00eb filloj duke shqyrtuar llojet e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb rezervimit \u2014 stack-imit dhe klasterizimit.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7do metod\u00eb ka avantazhet dhe disavantazhet e saj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb flas.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme krahasuese e dy metodave:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f48f7dbad5f838e90f21c8a90415f074.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>menaxhimi<\/b> \u2014 si\u00e7 duket nga tabela, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, avantazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb te stack-imi, pasi nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i menaxhimit, nj\u00eb stack i disa switches paraqitet si nj\u00eb switch i vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh portesh. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhoni, p\u00ebr shembull, 8 switches t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb rastin e klasterizimit, mund t\u00eb menaxhoni vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e stack-imit.<\/li>\n<li><b>distanca<\/b> \u2014 aktualisht, striktisht folur, avantazhi i klasterizimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq evident, pasi jan\u00eb shfaqur teknologjia e stack-imit t\u00eb switches p\u00ebrmes porteve t\u00eb stack-imit ose porteve t\u00eb dyfishta (p\u00ebr shembull, SummitStack-V nga Extreme, VSS \u2013 nga Cisco etj.), t\u00eb cilat gjithashtu varen nga llojet e transceiver\u00ebve. K\u00ebtu, avantazhi ip\u00ebrket klasterizimit n\u00eb parimin se n\u00eb rastin e stack-imit, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb raste kur duhen p\u00ebrdorur porte t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb stack-imit, t\u00eb cilat shpesh lidhen me kabuj t\u00eb specializuar t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb limituar \u2014 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 ose 5 metra.<\/li>\n<li><b>p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i softuerit<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu shohim se klasterizimi ka avantazhin p\u00ebrball\u00eb stack-imit dhe arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u2014 kur p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni versionin e softuerit t\u00eb pajisjeve n\u00eb rastin e stack-imit, p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni softuerin n\u00eb switch-in kryesor, i cili m\u00eb pas merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr rolin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb ri n\u00eb switch-at e standby-t t\u00eb stack-it. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, kjo p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson pun\u00ebn tuaj, por p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i softuerit shpesh k\u00ebrkon rinisje t\u00eb pajisjeve, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rinisjen e gjith\u00eb stack-it dhe k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjen e funksionit t\u00eb tij dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb = koh\u00ebn e rinisjes. Zakonisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. N\u00eb rastin e klasterizimit \u2014 keni dy pajisje q\u00eb nuk varen nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni softuerin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb shmangen nd\u00ebrprerjet n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime.<\/li>\n<li><b>konfigurimi i cil\u00ebsimeve<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu avantazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim te stack-imi, pasi n\u00eb rastin e menaxhimit ju nevojitet t\u00eb rregulloni cil\u00ebsimet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pajisje dhe skedarin e saj t\u00eb konfigurimit. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb rastin e klasterizimit, numri i skedareve t\u00eb konfigurimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i barabart\u00eb me numrin e nyjeve t\u00eb klasterit.<\/li>\n<li><b>q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria ndaj d\u00ebshtimit<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu teknologjit\u00eb jan\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb barabarta, por ka nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb lidhje me klasterizimin. Arsyeja q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se n\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb stakun nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i proceseve dhe protokolleve t\u00eb aktivizuara, do t\u00eb shohim t\u00eb seguinte:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb master-switch, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin aktivizohen t\u00eb gjith\u00eb proceset dhe protokollet kryesore (p.sh., protokoli i rrug\u00ebzimit dinamik \u2014 OSPF)<\/li>\n<li>ka mbetjet e tjera t\u00eb slave-switch, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb aktivizuar proceset kryesore t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin n\u00eb stak dhe sh\u00ebrbimin e trafikut q\u00eb kalon p\u00ebrmes tyre<\/li>\n<li>kur d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb master-switch, slave-switchi me prioritetin e ardhsh\u00ebm zbulohet q\u00ebndrimi i masterit<\/li>\n<li>ai e iniciativon veten si master dhe aktivizon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb proceset q\u00eb funksiononin tek masteri (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb protokollin OSPF q\u00eb po shohim)<\/li>\n<li>pas nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb proceseve (zakonisht mjaft t\u00eb vog\u00ebl), Protokolli OSPF fillon t\u00eb operoj\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, OSPF n\u00eb rastin e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb nga nyjat gjat\u00eb klasterizimit do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb pak m\u00eb shpejt se n\u00eb stacking (n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr aktivizimin dhe in\u00e7ializimin e proceseve dhe protokolleve n\u00eb slave-switchin e stakut). Megjithat\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb theksoj se protokollet moderne t\u00eb stacking dhe switch-at veprojn\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt, shpesh koha e nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb trafikut gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb stakut zgjat m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb sekond\u00eb, por megjithat\u00eb nominalisht klasterizimi fiton n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb parametr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>ndryshimi <\/b> \u2014 si\u00e7 tregohet n\u00eb tabel\u00eb, n\u00eb aspektin e ndryshimit fiton stakimi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e pikave t\u00eb \u2018menaxhimit\u2019 dhe \u2018konfigurimit t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve\u2019. Nj\u00eb nyje e vetme merr shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsime dhe menaxhim. Gjithashtu, gjat\u00eb klasterizimit shpesh duhet t\u00eb konfigurohen protokolle shtes\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimi ose protokolle rezervash portar\u00ebsh \u2014 VRRP, HSRP dhe t\u00eb tjera.<\/li>\n<li><b>ndryshimi i nyjeve<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu ka nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr stakimin. Shpesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb switch n\u00eb stak k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb kryhen cil\u00ebsime minimale t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr pajisjen, p\u00ebr shembull:\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet softueri i switchit t\u00eb ri n\u00eb versionin e softuerit t\u00eb stakut (dhe kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb kur pajisjet t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb ZIP)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb konfigurohen disa komanda baz\u00eb p\u00ebr stakimin (dhe p\u00ebr disa lloje switch-ash madje nuk mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet kjo)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb nxirret switchi i d\u00ebshtuar i stakut dhe t\u00eb lidhet nj\u00eb i ri<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb lidhni energjin\u00eb elektrike dhe patchcords<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>reziliencia <\/b> \u2014 un\u00eb e shoh at\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga parametrat kryesor\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, reziliencia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb komplekse, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb gj\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00ebn veprimin e ngarkes\u00ebs dhe kthehet n\u00eb dukjen fillestare pas zhdukjes s\u00eb saj. Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi, p\u00ebr klasterizimin ajo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb edhe me nj\u00eb rezultat t\u00eb till\u00eb 4:3 n\u00eb favor t\u00eb stakimit. E gjith\u00eb kjo i atribuohet faktor\u00ebve njer\u00ebzor\u00eb. Po, mos u befasohuni \u2014 n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e parametrave t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb stakimit, si menaxhimi i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, konfigurimi i cil\u00ebsimeve dhe thjesht\u00ebsia, fshihet dob\u00ebsia e stakimit kur njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nGjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs sime n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e IT, kam hasur shum\u00eb her\u00eb situata (\u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb them, un\u00eb vet\u00eb kam b\u00ebr\u00eb disa gabime n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, sidomos n\u00eb fillim), kur gjat\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb stakut, inxhinieri gabonte n\u00eb hyrjen e nj\u00eb komande ose n\u00eb aktivizimin\/fshirjen e disa funksioneve n\u00eb pajisje, \u00e7ka \u00e7onte n\u00eb d\u00ebshtimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb stakut dhe duhet t\u00eb rindez\u00ebsh manualisht. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmendje p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb e ndjekin aplikacionin Putty p\u00ebr Windows (oh, ky kopjim me butonin e djatht\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, t\u00eb dy teknologjit\u00eb jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb mira (sidomos n\u00eb krahasim me munges\u00ebn e rezervimit) dhe secila ka avantazhet dhe dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj, por p\u00ebr nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr qendrat t\u00eb ngarkuara ngarkuar, do t\u00eb preferoja t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorja klasterizimin.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm mendimi im. Shum\u00eb inxhinier\u00eb profesionist\u00eb, q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar shum\u00eb vite duke mb\u00ebshtetur rrjetin n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel profesional, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin po aq mir\u00eb t\u00eb dy teknologjit\u00eb \u2014 gjith\u00e7ka varet nga p\u00ebrvoja dhe kualifikimi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 teknologjive t\u00eb stakimit dhe rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb rrjetit, ekzistojn\u00eb gjithashtu parimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb vet\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb rrjetit dhe lidhjeve midis nyjave:<\/p>\n<p>Me rezervimin brenda nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb rrjetit kuptoj:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rezervimi i bllok\u00ebve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb \u2014 vendosja e 2 blloqeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, q\u00eb e dyfishojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin (dhe idealisht t\u00eb lidhura me katin e par\u00eb t\u00eb furnizimit me energji) mund t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00ebn tuaj.<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i bordit t\u00eb menaxhimit \u2014 p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb lidhje me switch-at modular\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat parashikojn\u00eb lidhjen e disa bordesh menaxhimi q\u00eb e dyfishojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin.<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore \u2014 gjithashtu i referohet kryesisht kalim\u00ebve modular\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRrezervimi i lidhjeve \/ linjave p\u00ebrfshin kryesisht pranin\u00eb e kabllove t\u00eb dyfishta (ose radio-linjave n\u00eb rast hap\u00ebsirash t\u00eb hapura) me:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shp\u00ebrndarjen n\u00eb kanale dhe tunel\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm brenda nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs<\/li>\n<li>shp\u00ebrndarjen gjeografike n\u00eb nivelin e dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesave, qytetit, rajonit ose vendit (t\u00eb ashtuquajturat unaza voluminoze)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nGjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb linjave rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb respektohen disa rekomandime p\u00ebr pajisjen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb rastin e dyfishimit t\u00eb kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore t\u00eb kalim\u00ebve modular\u00eb, ose kur ka nj\u00eb grumbull, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen lidhjet midis nj\u00ebsive \u2014 kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore n\u00eb rast kalim\u00ebsh modular\u00eb dhe kalim\u00ebve n\u00eb rast grumbullesh.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb preferueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren protokollet e agregimit t\u00eb lidhjeve (LACP, MLT, PAgP etj.) p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar lidhjet n\u00eb grupe dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb balancuar ngarkes\u00ebn midis tyre.<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorni ruter\u00eb q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin protokollet ECMP (Equal-Cost-Multi-Path) \u2014 kur, gjat\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb disa paketave p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge, k\u00ebto paketa shkojn\u00eb jo p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb (dhe nd\u00ebrfaqe) por shp\u00ebrndahen midis disa rrug\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira (dhe disa nd\u00ebrfaqeve), t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrcaktohen sipas barazis\u00eb s\u00eb metric\u00ebs s\u00eb protokolit t\u00eb ruterizimit, i cili nga ana e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr plot\u00ebsimin e tabel\u00ebs p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb ruterizimit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTani, si\u00e7 e premtova, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj nj\u00eb rast real nga praktika ime dhe parimin e kursimit gjat\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve kritike, i cili ndodhi disa vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani, do ta quaj X, kishte nj\u00eb model standard t\u00eb rrjetit me 3 nivele:\n<ul>\n<li>me disa b\u00ebrtham\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>me disa dhjetra agregat<\/li>\n<li>me disa mij\u00ebra kalime t\u00eb aksesit<\/li>\n<li>me disa dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra p\u00ebrdorues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>rrjeti ishte nd\u00ebrtuar mjaft nd\u00ebrlikuar:\n<ul>\n<li>me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb protokollesh dinamike t\u00eb ruterizimit dhe protokollesh \u2014 OSPF, MP-BGP, MPLS, PIM, IGMP, IPv6 etj.<\/li>\n<li>me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimesh \u2014 akses n\u00eb internet, L2 dhe L3 VPN, VoIP, IPTV, linja t\u00eb dedikuara etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>por kishte nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb vetme d\u00ebshtimi n\u00eb rrjet \u2014 ruteri kufitar, i cili kombinonte funksionet e BGP-border dhe t\u00eb terminonte disa sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit.<\/li>\n<li>po, ai kushtonte sa krahu i nj\u00eb avioni (disa milion rubla)<\/li>\n<li>po, n\u00eb at\u00eb moment ai ishte nj\u00eb nga pajisjet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e nj\u00eb nga ofruesit m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>po, ai duhej t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i besuesh\u00ebm \u2014 me nj\u00eb tregues t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer MTBF<\/li>\n<li>po, ai kishte 4 blloqe furnizimi, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara sipas skem\u00ebs 2x2 dhe t\u00eb lidhura me burime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPor t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto nuk anuluan faktin se ai ishte pika e vetme e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, aspak t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr mua dhe koleg\u00ebt e mi, ky ruter u d\u00ebshtua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit (m\u00eb von\u00eb u zbulua se kishte ndodhur nj\u00eb defekt n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e energjis\u00eb elektrike p\u00ebrmes burimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, i cili \u00e7oi n\u00eb d\u00ebshtimin e dy blloqeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb nga blloqet shkat\u00ebrroi modulin RP t\u00eb ruterit dhe kart\u00ebn nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, t\u00eb cilat ishin t\u00eb lidhura me busin e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb pajisjes).<\/p>\n<p>Nuk kishim as blloqe rezerv\u00eb \u2014 RP dhe kart\u00ebn nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, por kishte nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb p\u00ebr z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e pajisjeve ose p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsve me nj\u00eb nga partner\u00ebt e kontrat\u00ebs NBD.<\/p>\n<p>Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, partner\u00ebt kishin n\u00eb at\u00eb moment vet\u00ebm kart\u00ebn nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore n\u00eb magazin\u00eb, por nuk kishte bllok RP, ai erdhi vet\u00ebm pas disa dit\u00ebsh (pas 3 dit\u00ebsh).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb fund, pranimi i nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb vetme d\u00ebshtimi n\u00eb rrjet (edhe me kontrat\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje dhe z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi t\u00eb pajisjeve) rezultoi n\u00eb k\u00ebto shpenzime financiare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pjesa e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb border ishte rreth 60-70%<\/li>\n<li>si\u00e7 u llogarit m\u00eb von\u00eb, fitimi ditor ishte rreth 900 mij\u00eb rubla (af\u00ebrsisht) n\u00eb at\u00eb moment<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr 3 dit\u00eb pezullimi, teorikisht, ishte humbur nj\u00eb fitim nga 1 milion 620 mij\u00eb rubla deri n\u00eb 1 milion 890 mij\u00eb rubla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSigurisht, humbjet neto ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, pasi kompensimi p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesve u kthye jo n\u00eb para, por n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime, por ato megjithat\u00eb ishin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pjesa e kompensimeve p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit korporativ\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>shpenzimet e rritura p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit e kompanis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt punuan t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto 3-4 dit\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb plot\u00eb \u2014 orare t\u00eb zgjatura, patrullime nat\u00ebn, rritja e turneve etj.<\/li>\n<li>humbjet n\u00eb reputacion, \u00e7ka gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/li>\n<li>dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2014 nervat, si t\u00eb menaxhmentit dhe t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve, ashtu edhe t\u00eb klient\u00ebve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSi rezultat, politika e kompanis\u00eb u rishikua:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u hoq kontrata e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit sipas kushtit NBD<\/li>\n<li>mbet\u00ebn me nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb normale sh\u00ebrbimi<\/li>\n<li>blem\u00eb nj\u00eb ruter rezerv\u00eb me kosto rreth 1 \u2014 1.3 milion rubla p\u00ebr t\u00eb rezervuar 90% t\u00eb funksionalitetit t\u00eb blast-\u00ebs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb vazhdim, blerja e pajisjeve shtes\u00eb dhe rezervimi i atyre kryesore ndihmuan n\u00eb balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs midis tyre p\u00ebr lidhjet e jashtme, trafikun dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe siguroi nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrie p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb n\u00eb rast t\u00eb aksidenteve t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n<h2>Shembulli i projektimit t\u00eb rrjetit Enterprise<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb paraqes pikat kryesore n\u00eb llogaritjen e rrjetit mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes. Nuk do t'ju ngarkoj me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb metodologjin\u00eb PPDIOO (Prepare-Planning-Design-Implement-Operate-Optimize), por vet\u00ebm do t'i theksoj pikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Prepare\/P\u00ebrgatitja<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni me menaxhimin tuaj q\u00ebllimet e modernizimit t\u00eb rrjetit q\u00eb d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb arrini \u2014 t\u00eb rritni q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, t\u00eb implementoni sh\u00ebrbime ose teknologji t\u00eb reja. Do t\u00eb kaloj mbi kufizimet \u2014 ato teknike dhe organizative, pasi supozoj se jeni punonj\u00ebs i organizat\u00ebs dhe keni nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb madhe kohe p\u00ebr t'i kap\u00ebrcyer ato. Do t\u00eb kthehem te tema e buxhetit m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>Planning\/Planifikimi<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit tuaj aktual (n\u00ebse ende nuk e njihni), dmth. t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani rrjetin ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb tani:\n<ul>\n<li>numri dhe lloji i pajisjeve<\/li>\n<li>numri dhe llojet e portave<\/li>\n<li>trazime ekzistuese kabllosh dhe skemat e nd\u00ebrlidhjeve brenda dhe midis nd\u00ebrtesave<\/li>\n<li>skemat e energjis\u00eb elektrike<\/li>\n<li>adresimi L2 dhe L3<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrtoni harta t\u00eb rrjeteve Wi-Fi me treguesin e pikave t\u00eb qasjes dhe kontrolluesve<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrshkruani ferm\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb server\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebshiruara t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet tuaja dhe lidhjet midis tyre<\/li>\n<li>n\u00ebse keni implementuar ndonj\u00ebfar\u00eb politike t\u00eb siguris\u00eb rrjet\u00ebsore dhe ndarjes s\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb rrjet, sigurohuni ta merrni parasysh at\u00eb n\u00eb projektim<\/li>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb v\u00ebrej se hapi i dyt\u00eb, n\u00eb thelb, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb inventarizim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit, duke filluar nga infrastruktura kabllore dhe skemat e energjis\u00eb elektrike, e deri te sh\u00ebrbimet (aplikacionet dhe portat e tyre). Ky hap \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb duket m\u00ebrzit\u00ebs. N\u00ebse ju ose paraardh\u00ebsi juaj nuk keni mbajtur dokumentacionin ose edhe nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb monitorimi, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb mendoni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Rrjeti ka tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb me kalimin e koh\u00ebs me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar dhe vet\u00ebm mbajtja e dokumentacionit t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe e nj\u00eb sistemi monitorimi mund t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjurmoni gjendjen e tij dhe t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoni administrimin e tij. Por kjo i p\u00ebrket hapit operate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Design\/Projektimi<\/b> \u2014 duke u armatosur me njohuri t\u00eb plota p\u00ebr rrjetin tuaj, t\u00eb marra n\u00eb hapin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebrfundimisht u ulni dhe mendoni se si ta modernizoni rrjetin tuaj. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb demonstroj nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb rrjetit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr vete kam p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si udh\u00ebzues n\u00eb llogaritjen dhe projektimin e rrjetit mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb paraqesim hapin Prepare n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb liste t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb dispozicion dhe \u00e7far\u00eb planifikohet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kemi nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb madhe me rreth 700-800 vende pune (k\u00ebtu kam parasysh ata punonj\u00ebs q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb qasje n\u00eb rrjetin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes)<\/li>\n<li>ka disa nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb ndara brenda territorit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes:<\/li>\n<li><b>Nd\u00ebrtesat kryesore:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nd\u00ebrtesave \u2014 2<\/li>\n<li>numri i kat\u00ebve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 7<\/li>\n<li>numri i dollap\u00ebve t\u00eb telekomunikacionit n\u00eb nj\u00eb kat n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 3 (n\u00eb total 21)<\/li>\n<li>numri i punonj\u00ebsve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb =~ 250<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Nd\u00ebrtesat shtes\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nd\u00ebrtesave \u2014 10<\/li>\n<li>numri i kat\u00ebve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb\/pun\u00ebtori \u2014 2<\/li>\n<li>numri i dollap\u00ebve t\u00eb telekomunikacionit n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 3<\/li>\n<li>numri i punonj\u00ebsve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb =~ 20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Niveli aktual i \u00e7ekut t\u00eb rrjetit (n\u00eb fakt nj\u00eb skem\u00eb shum\u00eb e zakonshme, e cila m\u00eb ka ndodhur disa her\u00eb n\u00eb versione t\u00eb ndryshme dhe me kompozita portash) p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet nga:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>2 switch-e L2:\n<ul>\n<li>Porta 1Gb tipi RJ-45 \u2014 24<\/li>\n<li>Porta 1Gb SFP \u2014 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1 switch L2:\n<ul>\n<li>Porta 1Gb SFP \u2014 24<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>topologjia e \u00e7ekut \u2014 unaz\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>koneksionet peer-to-peer midis switch-eve jan\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizuara me fibra optike<\/li>\n<li>switch-\u00ebt ndodhen n\u00eb dhoma t\u00eb vogla serveri me dollap\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Niveli aktual i shp\u00ebrndarjes:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebrzihet me nivelin e \u00e7ekut t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e agregatimit t\u00eb lidhjeve nga switch-\u00ebt e qasjes<\/li>\n<li>adresimi L3 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtyr\u00eb n\u00eb router-in kufitar dhe\/ose n\u00eb firewall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Niveli aktual i qasjes:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>switch-e L2 me 16 x 100 Mb porta akses RJ-45 dhe 2 porta combo uplink gigabit RJ-45\/SFP<\/li>\n<li>switch-\u00ebt ndodhen n\u00eb dollap\u00eb n\u00eb kat<\/li>\n<li>topologjia e switch-\u00ebve t\u00eb qasjes:\n<ul>\n<li>yll (hub-and-spoke) me switch-in e \u00e7ekut\/shp\u00ebrndarjes n\u00eb mes<\/li>\n<li>dalli\/spoke \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb e switch-\u00ebve n\u00eb kat \u2014 3 n\u00eb zinxhir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ka switch-e t\u00eb pakontrolluar t\u00eb qasjes<\/li>\n<li>switches n\u00eb 9 korpuse shtes\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura p\u00ebrmes konvertor\u00ebve t\u00eb mediave (konstruktuesve t\u00eb sinjalit optik n\u00eb elektrik)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Infrastruktura aktuale e kabllove:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Sistemi i kabllove midis nd\u00ebrtesave:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb kabllo optike midis 2 godinave kryesore me kapacitet 8 fibra <\/li>\n<li>ka nga 1 kabllo optike midis nj\u00eb nga korpus\u00ebve shtes\u00eb (ku \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar switch-i i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs) dhe secil\u00ebs nga nd\u00ebrtesat kryesore me kapacitet 8 fibra \u00e7do<\/li>\n<li>ka nga 1 kabllo optike midis korpus\u00ebve shtes\u00eb dhe korpus\u00ebve me switches t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me kapacitet 4 fibra (distribuimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>tipi i fibrave n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kabllot \u2014 nj\u00ebmodale\/SMF<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdoren transiver\u00eb SFP nj\u00ebmodale me 2 fibra<\/li>\n<li>pjesa e kabllove p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb kryq\u00ebza optike (ODF) n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (dhoma kryq\u00ebzimi\/server), nd\u00ebrsa disa kabllo n\u00eb panele t\u00eb kat\u00ebve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i kabllove brenda nd\u00ebrtesave:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb kabllor\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier midis dhomave t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe raft\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb kat:<\/li>\n<li>kabllot e bakrit Cat5e \u2014 10 cop\u00eb (ose 100 \u00e7ifti kabllosh)<\/li>\n<li>kabllo optike multi-modal\/MMF me 4 ose 8 fibra \u2014 1 cop\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>kabllo optike multi-modal\/MMF me 4 fibra midis raft\u00ebve t\u00eb kat\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>kabllot e bakrit Cat5e midis raft\u00ebve t\u00eb kat\u00ebve dhe daljeve t\u00eb aksesit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Qendra aktuale e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>ka disa servera, p\u00ebr shembull 6 cop\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb lidhura me porta 1Gb n\u00eb switch-in e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebn e par\u00eb kryesore<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb gjitha aplikacionet e nd\u00ebrmarrjeve jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb servera<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Adresimi L2, L3 dhe rrug\u00ebtimi:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb rrjet ka disa VLAN - 2,3 cop\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>serverat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndara n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \/24<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr nevoja t\u00eb brendshme p\u00ebrdoren rrjete gri t\u00eb klas\u00ebs B, t\u00eb cilat bien n\u00eb intervalin - 172.16.0.0\/16<\/li>\n<li>adresat L3 p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb router-in kufitar dhe\/o n\u00eb firewall<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdoret rrug\u00ebtim statik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>informacione shtes\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>telefonia:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa dhe disa korpuse \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar telefonia tradicionale duke p\u00ebrdorur PBX digjital t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr (jo IP-PBX)<\/li>\n<li>nevojitet t\u00eb telefonizohen korpus\u00ebt e rinj, pa shpenzime p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr linja t\u00eb shtrenjta bakri me kapacitet t\u00eb caktuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb t\u00eb kabllove p\u00ebr telefonin\u00eb brenda nd\u00ebrtesave<\/li>\n<li>me kalimin e koh\u00ebs planifikohet t\u00eb implementohet telefonia IP n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb territorin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes, duke e integruar at\u00eb me sistemet CRM dhe duke e transferuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit n\u00eb t\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>kapaciteti i porteve:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>nevojitet t\u00eb analizohet kapaciteti aktual i porteve kryesore dhe porteve t\u00eb aksesit, dhe t\u00eb rezervohet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 25-30% p\u00ebr nevoja t\u00eb ardhshme<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb analizohet mjaftueshm\u00ebria e kapacitetit aktual t\u00eb porteve t\u00eb aksesit dhe lidhjeve kryesore<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb parashikohet prania e porteve PoE\/PoE+ t\u00eb aksesit p\u00ebr pajisje nga sisteme t\u00eb lidhura - mbik\u00ebqyrje video dhe telefonie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>mbik\u00ebqyrja video:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>planifikohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret rrjeti i nd\u00ebrmarrjes si transport p\u00ebr rrjetin e mbik\u00ebqyrjes video<\/li>\n<li>nevojitet t\u00eb parashikohet prania e porteve PoE p\u00ebr kamerat e mbik\u00ebqyrjes video<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>sistemet pa tela:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen planifikohet t\u00eb implementohet infrastruktura pa tela p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e punonj\u00ebsve<\/li>\n<li>nevojitet t\u00eb parashikohet prania e porteve PoE p\u00ebr pik\u00ebt e qasjes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>buleta, afatet dhe k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr pajisje:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebrdoreni pajisjen ekzistuese sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur <\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit t\u00eb merren parasysh mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjerimin e kapacitetit t\u00eb rrjetit p\u00ebr N vitet n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit t\u00eb merren parasysh mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha funksioneve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb - k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb lista e funksionalitetit, duke filluar nga sigurimi i porteve dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me autentifikimin dhe autorizimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve sipas 802.1x.<\/li>\n<li>sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb rezervohen nyjet kritike t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm - b\u00ebrthama dhe Qendra e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, dhe t\u00eb parashikohet mund\u00ebsia e rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb dyta - nyjet e shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>buletini i projektit duhet t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb financim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm n\u00eb disa faza<\/li>\n<li>shuma e buletinit - k\u00ebtu \u00e7do nd\u00ebrmarrje e p\u00ebrcakton p\u00ebr vete, duke u udh\u00ebhequr nga treguesit e saj financiar\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>afatet - n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb ideal, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb afate t\u00eb qarta, pasi ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i brendsh\u00ebm i kompanis\u00eb, q\u00eb realizohet nga punonj\u00ebsit e saj, ose do t\u00eb jen\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb rehatshme - p\u00ebr shembull, 1 vit (dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb). N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq - mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nga 3 muaj deri n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb viti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>t\u00eb zgjidhen problemet aktuale n\u00eb rrjet:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>humjet e paketimeve<\/li>\n<li>problemet me DHCP n\u00eb switch-at e brendsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb lidhura me p\u00ebrdorimin e familjes s\u00eb protokolleve STP p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar ciklet n\u00eb portet e aksesit.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb eliminohet prania e nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb serverit DHCP n\u00eb \u00e7do VLAN t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve<\/li>\n<li>shfaqja e cikleve t\u00eb kalimit, e lidhur me aktivizimin e vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb menaxhuar\/n\u00eb menaxhim n\u00eb dhomat e server\u00ebve dhe lidhjen me ato pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/li>\n<li>lista mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb dhe vazhdoj\u00eb...<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHapi i Planifikimit \u2014 karakteristika e gjendjes aktuale t\u00eb rrjetit tuaj, si\u00e7 kam p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb, varet nga disponueshm\u00ebria e nj\u00eb sistemi monitorimi cil\u00ebsor dhe shkalla e dokumentimit t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap do t'ju duhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani rrjetin ekzistues p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb mblidhni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga pajisjet:\n<ul>\n<li>trafiku nga portet e boshtit<\/li>\n<li>gabimet n\u00eb porta<\/li>\n<li>ngarkesa e CPU-s\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i memories n\u00eb switch-e dhe router-a<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb hartoni skemat L2-L3 sipas VLAN-ve dhe adresave IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ngrini skemat e kabllove:\n<ul>\n<li>skemat e fijeve optike dhe skemat e nd\u00ebrlidhjeve t\u00eb krosove optike<\/li>\n<li>skemat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb kabllove t\u00eb bakrit midis server\u00ebve dhe kateve<\/li>\n<li>skemat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb kabllove t\u00eb bakrit midis kateve dhe dhomave<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni pranin\u00eb e krosove optike dhe panel\u00ebve patch n\u00eb dhomat e server\u00ebve dhe kasetat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni skemat e furnizimit me energji n\u00eb dhomat e server\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb kasetat e kateve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni pranin\u00eb e UPS dhe baterive n\u00eb nyjat kritike<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb analizoni t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDuke u udh\u00ebhequr nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e faz\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes, kam arritur nj\u00eb skem\u00eb logjike t\u00eb af\u00ebrt:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/0941c3762961d5b6502ac57971cc13a3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00eb pas, duke ndjekur qasjen modulare, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb identifikoni nivelet dhe modulet e nd\u00ebrmarrjes:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-at Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4e060586cb039ea318ba83c61ed876e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNuk do t\u00eb merrem me kufijt\u00eb (Edge) n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat baz\u00ebs p\u00ebr \u00e7do nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb Campus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Qasja \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve p\u00ebr qasjen e p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb rrjet<\/li>\n<li>zbatimin e politikave t\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u2014 filtrimin e trafikut dhe protokolleve<\/li>\n<li>ngjeshjen e domain-eve t\u00eb transmetimit dhe segmentimin e rrjetit me VLAN<\/li>\n<li>implementimin e VLAN-ve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr trafikun e z\u00ebrit<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr portet PoE p\u00ebr qasje<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IP multicast<\/li>\n<li>rezistenc\u00eb p\u00ebr lidhjet e ngritjes s\u00eb komunikimit p\u00ebrve\u00e7 me nivelin e shp\u00ebrndarjes (preferohet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shp\u00ebrndarja \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel duhet t\u00eb sigurohet:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e switch-eve t\u00eb qasjes<\/li>\n<li>agregimi dhe rezervimi i lidhjeve t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb qasjes<\/li>\n<li>IP routing<\/li>\n<li>filtrimi i pakove<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>rezistenc\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve, pajisjeve dhe fuqis\u00eb (shum\u00eb e d\u00ebshiruar)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Nucleus \u2014 duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb kalimit dhe rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb pakove<\/li>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e switch-eve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebtimin IP dhe protokollet dinamike t\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimit me p\u00ebrshpejtimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit <\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>funksionalitet sigurie p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e qasjes n\u00eb pajisje dhe kontrollin e planit<\/li>\n<li>rezistenc\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e pajisjeve dhe furnizimit me energji (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Data Center \u2014 niveli rrjetor i k\u00ebtij moduli duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>lidhje t\u00eb shpejta t\u00eb komunikimit<\/li>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e server\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i lidhjeve t\u00eb komunikimit si midis server\u00ebve dhe switch-eve t\u00eb DC, ashtu edhe midis switch-eve t\u00eb DC dhe kernelit t\u00eb rrjetit (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i pajisjeve dhe furnizimit me energji (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb pas duhet t\u00eb llogarisim portet tona dhe lidhjet e komunikimit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/nb\/mv\/33\/nbmv335-gib7s0tsfzcguvznpim.png\">Niveli i qasjes \u2014 tabela e llogaritjes s\u00eb porteve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pra, kemi marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb porteve t\u00eb qasjes p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesat. Tani duhet t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr nivelin e qasjes dhe v\u00ebrejtjet dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb opsionet e zgjidhjes.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/b7\/sz\/gx\/b7szgxg97yj0ddyej9lzt26fzx4.png\">Niveli i qasjes \u2014 k\u00ebrkesat dhe opsionet e zgjidhjes<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb llogarisim portet dhe lidhjet e komunikimit p\u00ebr nivelet e tjera:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/xf\/yu\/ds\/xfyudsa-ratfg_qy7oxrhn7rj8e.png\">Niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/op\/5u\/ot\/op5uothcj0pvbpl7ql0cfyj7fpw.png\">Niveli i kernelit<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/jr\/ie\/oe\/jrieoeexaj8cqvzzmkg5lue386i.png\">Niveli i Data Center<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb llogaritjes kemi marr\u00eb sa vijon:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>niveli i aksesit<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e me 24 dhe 48 porte t\u00eb qasjes, preferohet me porte 1Gb qasje dhe portet uplink optike SFP me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr PoE dhe funksionalitet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb total ato do t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb 504 porte qasje, q\u00eb n\u00eb principe do t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr porte rezerv\u00eb, n\u00ebse merren vendime p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur 2 porte p\u00ebr \u00e7do vend pune \u2014 telefon IP dhe port t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash.<\/li>\n<li>mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb \u00e7do kat nj\u00eb switch-i me 48 porta me funksionalitet PoE, q\u00eb ofron porte qasje p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat:\n<ul>\n<li>rezervat \u2014 rreth 102 porte rezerv\u00eb (22%) n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat kryesore. P\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesat shtes\u00eb pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2014 25%.<\/li>\n<li>mbik\u00ebqyrja vizuale<\/li>\n<li>rrjeti pa tel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e me nj\u00eb gam\u00eb porte SFP nga 12 deri n\u00eb 48 porte me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2 porte SFP+, me mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr stakim dhe funksionalitet t\u00eb zgjeruar, si dhe me pranin\u00eb e nj\u00ebsive rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb furnizimit.<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/b> \u2014 jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme switches me 12 deri n\u00eb 24 porta SFP\/SFP+ me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stacking dhe clustering me mb\u00ebshtetje MC-LAG. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren edhe mjete rrug\u00ebzimi p\u00ebr balancimin e trafikut. Brezat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb switches L3 dhe router-a mb\u00ebshtesin ECMP me balancimin e trafikut n\u00eb 4 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb me metrik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli i Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/b> \u2014 jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme switches me 8 deri n\u00eb 24 porta SFP\/SFP+ me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stacking dhe clustering me mb\u00ebshtetje MC-LAG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSkema e synuar e rrjetit u realizua <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/1w\/sa\/z1\/1wsaz1id2-qf7yjjhhxspvbxepw.png\">t\u00eb till\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Zgjedhja e switches Extreme p\u00ebr realizimin e projektit<\/h2>\n<p>\nJa, ne arrit\u00ebm n\u00eb momentin kryesor - zgjedhja e switches p\u00ebr realizimin e projektit ton\u00eb. P\u00ebr skem\u00ebn e synuar, switches Extreme t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme:<\/p>\n<p>Niveli<br \/>\nModeli<br \/>\nPortet<br \/>\nP\u00ebrshkrimi<\/p>\n<p>b\u00ebrtham\u00eb<br \/>\nx620-16x-Base *<\/p>\n<p>x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*<br \/>\n16 x 10GE SFP+ <br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x10GE SFP+ dhe 4x40 GE QSFP+<br \/>\nP\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>linj\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>funksionalitet t\u00eb avancuar rrug\u00ebzimi dhe sigurie<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe t\u00eb tjera energjie<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stacking dhe clustering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n Me k\u00ebrkesa minimale, switch-i i seris\u00eb x620 do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb.<br \/>\n N\u00eb rast t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb avancuara p\u00ebr numrin e porteve dhe funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shqyrtohen switches e seris\u00eb x670-G2.<\/p>\n<p> Qendra e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/p>\n<p> x620-16x-Base*<\/p>\n<p>x590-24x-1q-2c*<\/p>\n<p>x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*<\/p>\n<p> 16 x 10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x10GE SFP, 1xQSFP+, 2xQSFP28<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n 48x10GE SFP+ dhe 4x40 GE QSFP+<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>linj\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe t\u00eb tjera energjie<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stacking dhe clustering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMe k\u00ebrkesa minimale, switch-i i seris\u00eb x620 do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb.<br \/>\nN\u00eb rast t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb avancuara p\u00ebr numrin e porteve dhe funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shqyrtohen switches e seris\u00eb x670-G2 dhe x590-24x-1q-2c.<\/p>\n<p> distribuimi<\/p>\n<p> X460-G2-24x-10GE4-Base*<\/p>\n<p>X460-G2-48x-10GE4-Base*<\/p>\n<p> 24x1GE SFP, 8x1000 RJ-45, 4x10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x1GE SFP, 4x10GE SFP+<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve optike<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe t\u00eb tjera energjie<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stacking dhe clustering<\/li>\n<li>funksionaliteti i nevojsh\u00ebm L3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSwitches e seris\u00eb x460-G2 jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme. Disponimi i blloqeve rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe mund\u00ebsia e zgjerimit dhe shtimit t\u00eb porteve 10G, CX (p\u00ebr stacking) dhe QSFP+ i b\u00ebn ato switches ideale p\u00ebr nivelin e shp\u00ebrndarjes me porte deri n\u00eb 1 Gb.<\/p>\n<p> qasje<\/p>\n<p> X440-G2-24p-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-24t-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-48t-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-48p-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p> 24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+ (Buxheti PoE 380 W)<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+ porta combo<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo),4x10GE SFP+ porta combo (Buxheti PoE 740 W)<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat e qasjes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve t\u00eb aksesit<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje PoE\/PoE+<\/li>\n<li>funksionalitet dhe mund\u00ebsia e zgjerimit t\u00eb porteve<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb bonus shtes\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr stacking me porte 10Gb 'nga kutia'<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRekomandoj t\u00eb shqyrtohet kjo linj\u00eb p\u00ebr fleksibilitetin e saj n\u00eb lidhje me portet, performanc\u00ebn dhe funksionalitetin.<\/p>\n<p>*specifikimin e switches t\u00eb zgjedhura mund ta shihni n\u00eb artikullin e par\u00eb t\u00eb ciklit \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/465407\/\">p\u00ebrmbledhja e switches Extreme<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb mund ti jap fund artikullit, por do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb ndalesha n\u00eb dy aspekte shtes\u00eb me t\u00eb cilat \u00e7do inxhinier do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet kur zhvillon ose modernizon rrjetin e tij:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>puna me rrug\u00ebt kabllore \u2014 fibra dhe linja bakri<\/li>\n<li>IP adresimi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Puna me fibrat<\/h2>\n<p>\nM\u00eb par\u00eb kam shfaqur skem\u00ebn e synuar q\u00eb duhen arritur. P\u00ebr realizimin e saj k\u00ebrkohet numri i m\u00ebposht\u00ebm i lidhjeve p\u00ebr pajisjet:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/uj\/ru\/dd\/ujrudd7kazutmqdo9vqzzj_nmyg.png\">numri i lidhjeve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 shihet nga tabela, numri minimal i fibrave q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e niveleve t\u00eb rrjetit (moduli i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, qendra e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe shp\u00ebrndarjet nd\u00ebrmjet 2 nd\u00ebrtesave) \u00ebsht\u00eb 10.<\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb karakterizimit t\u00eb rrjetit ne zbuluam se n\u00eb kabllon nd\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrtesave kishte vet\u00ebm 8 fibra. \u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb?<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00eb jap disa zgjidhje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hap i par\u00eb i qart\u00eb \u2014 t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren fibrat e lira n\u00eb kabllon nd\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs 1 \u2014 godina 1 dhe godina 1- nd\u00ebrtesa 2 (si\u00e7 shihet nga tabela \u2014 vet\u00ebm 2 nga 8 fibrat p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb \u00e7do kabllo). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mjafton t\u00eb vendosni kryq\u00ebzime optike nd\u00ebrmjet kryq\u00ebzimeve n\u00eb godin\u00ebn 1 dhe, n\u00ebse nevojitet, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni module SFP me buxhetin optik t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<li>hap i dyt\u00eb \u2014 mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur teknologjin\u00eb CWDM \u2014 kompresimi i val\u00ebve mbajt\u00ebse brenda nj\u00eb fibre. Kjo teknologji \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e lir\u00eb se DWDM dhe mjaft e thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u realizuar. K\u00ebrkesat kryesore jan\u00eb cil\u00ebsia e fibrave optike dhe transiver\u00ebt SFP\/SFP+ t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsie dhe buxheti t\u00eb caktuar. Si\u00e7 e kam p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb artikullin e kaluar \u2014 mund\u00ebsia e switches p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur transiver\u00ebt e prodhuesve t\u00eb treft\u00eb mund t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb dhe t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb shpenzimet kapitale p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e kabllove optike shtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>hap i tret\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shqyrtimi i mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur numrin e fibrave duke vendosur kabllo optike shtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPastaj shikojm\u00eb numrin e fibrave nd\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrtesave me switches t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes t\u00eb instaluara dhe godinat shtes\u00eb 2-10. K\u00ebtu gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nj\u00ebsoj:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>s\u00eb pari, na mungon fibra p\u00ebr realizimin e skem\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb synuar \u2013 2 fibra p\u00ebr \u00e7do switch (si\u00e7 e mbajm\u00eb mend, kemi kabllo me 4 OVPN p\u00ebr \u00e7do hap\u00ebsir\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>s\u00eb dyti, edhe n\u00ebse ka mjaftuesh\u00ebm fibra midis nd\u00ebrtesave, brenda hap\u00ebsirave p\u00ebrdoren fibra MMF, t\u00eb cilat nuk do t\u00eb na lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhim thjesht fibra SMF dhe MMF (po flas p\u00ebr distancat midis nd\u00ebrtesave q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb 300-400 metra)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, mund t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb opsionet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sigurimi i \u00e7do switch-i me fibra SMF:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00ebse distanca lejon - mund t\u00eb shtrijm\u00eb patchcord t\u00eb gjat\u00eb midis switch-eve. N\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, ne kemi p\u00ebrdorur patchcord 30-50 m n\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb shtrijm\u00eb nj\u00eb kabllo optike SMF me kapacitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt midis dollap\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb rastin ekstrem t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim konvertor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm SMF-MMF<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar fibrat e p\u00ebrdorura midis nd\u00ebrtesave, mund t\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorim funksionalitetin e stackimit t\u00eb switch-eve x440-G2 - gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim 1 SMF fib\u00ebr n\u00eb \u00e7do switch n\u00eb kat, q\u00eb do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim 3 fibra dhe porte n\u00eb \u00e7do an\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 6 fibrave dhe porteve<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorim 2 fibra p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur switch-in e par\u00eb n\u00eb deg\u00eb dhe t\u00eb fundit. T\u00eb agregojm\u00eb lidhjet n\u00eb switch-et kufitare dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim protokollet STP n\u00eb cirkulin e krijuar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>IP-adresimi<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u00ebtu do t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb llogaritje t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb adresimit p\u00ebr skem\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Aktualisht, ne kemi disa rrjete t\u00eb klas\u00ebs B \u2013 172.16.0.0\/16. Kur llogaris adres\u00ebn IP, do t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqem nga arsyet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4 bit\u00ebt e oktetit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb paraqesin nd\u00ebrtesat \u2013 172.16.0.0\/12.<\/li>\n<li>Okteti i tret\u00eb do t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb numrin e katit n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Okteti i tret\u00eb = 255 do t\u00eb rezervuar p\u00ebr lidhjet point-to-point t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe rrjetit t\u00eb menaxhimit.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN menaxhimi n\u00eb kat p\u00ebr menaxhimin e switch-eve.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebrdoruesish n\u00eb switch (n\u00eb mesatare 24 porte).<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN Voice n\u00eb switch (n\u00eb mesatare 24 porte).<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebr sistemin e videokamerave n\u00eb kat.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebr pajisjet Wi-Fi n\u00eb kat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb rezultuan tabelat e k\u00ebsaj natyre:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/38\/on\/b-\/38onb-zb_bxkqmlqumaun-njeok.png\">rrjeti 172.16.0.0\/14<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/jv\/bm\/bz\/jvbmbz6iubrckcf--cicerot_1y.png\">rrjeti 172.20.0.0\/14<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, kam dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb rrjeteve midis nd\u00ebrtesave dhe kat\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb dhe rrjeteve (p\u00ebrdorues, menaxhim dhe sh\u00ebrbime) n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, zgjedhja e rrjetit t\u00eb err\u00ebt 172.16.0.0\/12 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb optimale, pasi na kufizon n\u00eb numrin e rrjeteve (nga 16 n\u00eb 31) p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesa, dhe ka edhe zyra t\u00eb larg\u00ebta q\u00eb gjithashtu kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr blloqe rrjetesh, ndoshta nj\u00eb opsion m\u00eb optimal do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrdorimi i rrjeteve 10.0.0.0\/8, ose ndarja e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e rrjeteve 172.16.0.0\/12 (p.sh. p\u00ebr nevoja sh\u00ebrbimesh dhe server\u00ebsh) dhe 10.0.0.0\/8 (p\u00ebr rrjetet e p\u00ebrdoruesve).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, qasja ndaj ndarjes s\u00eb rrjeteve IP \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu modulare dhe preferohet q\u00eb t\u00eb ndjekin rregullat e grumbullimit t\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebs n\u00eb nivelet e shp\u00ebrndarjes, si dhe n\u00eb routerat kufitar\u00eb n\u00eb filialet e larg\u00ebta. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr disa arsye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar tabelat e routing n\u00eb routera<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar trafikun administrativ t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb routing (mesazhe t\u00eb ndryshme update, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjeteve t\u00eb brendshme)<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsuar administrimin dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lexueshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb rrjeteve L3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMegjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr dy pikat e para duhet t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet se kapacitetet e routerave modern\u00eb jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se ato q\u00eb ishin 15-20 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe lejojn\u00eb mbajtjen n\u00eb memorie operativ\u00eb t\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb routing, dhe gjithashtu raporti i \u00e7mimit ndaj kapacitetit t\u00eb kanalit komunikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur krahasuar me \u00e7mimet e koh\u00ebs kur p\u00ebrdorimi i p\u00ebrhapur i rrjeteve E1\/T1 (G.703).<\/p>\n<h2>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h2>\n<p>\nMiq, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull kam provuar t\u00eb flas sa m\u00eb shkurt rreth parimeve kryesore t\u00eb projektimit t\u00eb rrjeteve kampus. Po, materiali rezultoi mjaft i madh dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb kur un\u00eb nuk prek tema t\u00eb tilla si:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>organizimi i kufirit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes (dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb me switch-e t\u00eb saj, border, firewall, sisteme IPS\/IDS, DMZ, VPN dhe gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera)<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i rrjeteve Wi-Fi<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i rrjeteve VoIP<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/li>\n<li>siguria (dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e saj e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e cila n\u00eb volum dhe k\u00ebrkesa nuk i t\u00ebrhiqet projektimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs rrjet\u00ebsore, dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb e tejkalon at\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>energjetika<\/li>\n<li>lista mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb e vazhdoj\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, projektimi dhe nd\u00ebrtimi i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb mjaft e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe kohe dhe burimesh.<\/p>\n<p>Por shpresoj q\u00eb artikulli im do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel fillestar t\u00eb kuptoni si t\u00eb qaseni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as e fundit artikull p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/katalog\/extreme\">Extreme Networks<\/a><\/noindex>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ndiqni azhurnimet (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/tssolution\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/tssolution.info\/\">Facebook<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/ts_solution\">VK<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/blog\">Blogu i Zgjidhjeve TS<\/a><\/noindex>)!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/475332\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f! \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c Extreme \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Enterprise. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Etnterprise \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (ip-campus) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd473. \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Extreme | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-16T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:35+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd473. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb me switch-e Extreme | ProHoster","description":"Mir\u00ebdita, miq!","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd473. \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Extreme | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-11-16T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:00:35+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"52795","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 04:55:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:37:30","updated":"2026-01-24 04:55:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52795"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52795\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}