{"id":52795,"date":"2019-11-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:35","slug":"3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","title":{"rendered":"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6e7d22b08dcfd1f7fe5eb592f271c1bc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMir\u00ebm\u00ebngjes, miq! Sot do t\u00eb vazhdoj ciklin e artikujve t\u00eb dedikuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/katalog\/extreme\">switch-eve Extreme<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr projektimin e rrjetit Enterprise.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem ta p\u00ebrshkruaj sa m\u00eb shkurt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>qasjen modulare n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit Enterprise <\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb shqyrtoj llojet e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej moduleve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes \u2014 rrjeti i kampusit (ip-campus)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj avantazhet dhe disavantazhet e m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve kritike t\u00eb rrjetit <\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull abstrakt t\u00eb dizajnojm\u00eb\/rivendosim nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl Enterprise<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb zgjedhim switch-e Extreme p\u00ebr realizimin e rrjetit t\u00eb dizajnuar<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb punojm\u00eb me fibra dhe adresimin IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKy artikull do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i interesant p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit dhe administrator\u00ebt e rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve, q\u00eb sapo kan\u00eb filluar rrug\u00ebn e tyre si \"rrjeti\", sesa p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar shum\u00eb vite n\u00eb operator\u00eb telekomunikacioni ose n\u00eb korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me rrjete gjeografikisht t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb interes ju lutem shihni m\u00eb posht\u00eb. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Qasja modulare n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit<\/h2>\n<p>\nDo ta filloj artikullin tim me nj\u00eb qasje mjaft popullore modulare n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit, e cila lejon t\u00eb mblidhet nj\u00eb puzzle nga cop\u00ebza t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Fillimisht disa abstraksione \u2014 shum\u00eb shpesh e paraqes k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje si nj\u00eb zoom n\u00eb hartat gjeografike, kur n\u00eb qasjen e par\u00eb duket vendi, n\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn rajonet, n\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn qytetet, etj.<\/p>\n<p>Si shembull, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qasja e par\u00eb \u2014 e gjith\u00eb rrjeti i nd\u00ebrmarrjes p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb grup nivelesh t\u00eb ndryshme:\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti i kampusit ose opor<\/li>\n<li>niveli i kufirit<\/li>\n<li>niveli i operator\u00ebve t\u00eb komunikimit<\/li>\n<li>zonat e larg\u00ebta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Qasja e dyt\u00eb \u2014 \u00e7do nj\u00ebri nga k\u00ebto nivele detajizohet n\u00eb module t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti i kampusit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga:\n<ul>\n<li>module me 3 ose 2 nivele, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb rrjetin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes dhe nivelet e saj \u2014 akses, shp\u00ebrndarje dhe\/ose b\u00ebrtham\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>moduli q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan Qendrat e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave \u2014 qendra e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (n\u00eb thelb pjesa server e infrastruktur\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i kufirit n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga:\n<ul>\n<li>moduli i lidhjes me internetin<\/li>\n<li>moduli WAN dhe MAN, i cili p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr lidhjen e objekteve gjeografikisht t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes<\/li>\n<li>moduli p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e tuneleve VPN dhe aksesit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt<\/li>\n<li>shum\u00eb her\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb vogla kan\u00eb disa nga k\u00ebto module ose madje t\u00eb gjitha ato, t\u00eb kombinuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vetme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i ofruesve:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel p\u00ebrfshihen lidhjet \"me bot\u00ebn e jashtme\" \u2014 fibra optike t\u00eb err\u00ebta (qira t\u00eb fib\u00ebrve nga operator\u00ebt), kanale komunikimi (Ethernet, G.703, etj.), qasja n\u00eb Internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>niveli i larg\u00ebt:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi jan\u00eb deg\u00ebt e nd\u00ebrmarrjes, t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara brenda qytetit, rajonit, vendit apo edhe kontinenteve.<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, kjo zon\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb qendrat t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash rezerv\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat dubloni pun\u00ebn e asaj kryesore<\/li>\n<li>dhe sigurisht ata q\u00eb po b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur koh\u00ebt e fundit \u2014 telepun\u00ebtor\u00ebt (vendet e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb larg\u00ebta)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Afroja e 3-t\u00eb \u2014 \u00e7do nj\u00ebsi ndahen n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla ose nivele. P.sh., n\u00eb rrjetin campus:\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti me 3 nivele ndahet n\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>niveli i qasjes<\/li>\n<li>niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>niveli kryesor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb raste m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara mund t\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>pjes\u00ebn rrjetore me 2 ose 3 nivele<\/li>\n<li>pjes\u00ebn e serverit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrmet do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t'i ilustroj n\u00eb skic\u00ebn e thjeshtuar t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/94cd494f2b2bb2c61aa1e6b4c150c09c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSi\u00e7 shihet nga skica e m\u00ebposhtme \u2014 qasja modulare ndihmon n\u00eb detajimin dhe strukturimin e pamjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb elemente p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse, me t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas mund t\u00eb punojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, un\u00eb do t\u00eb ndalem n\u00eb nivelin Campus Enterprise dhe do ta p\u00ebrshkruaj m\u00eb n\u00eb holl\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n<h2>Llojet e rrjeteve IP-CAMPUS<\/h2>\n<p>\nGjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs time n\u00eb ofruesin e sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe sidomos m\u00eb von\u00eb \u2014 n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e integratorit, kam hasur n\u00eb \"pjekuri\" t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve. Un\u00eb nuk e p\u00ebrdor rast\u00ebsisht termin pjekuri, pasi shpesh ndodhin raste kur struktura e rrjetit rritet me rritjen e kompanis\u00eb, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e natyrshme.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, e cila ndodhet brenda nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese, rrjeti mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb ruter kufitar, i cili kryen rolin e nj\u00eb firewalls, disa switch-e qasje dhe disa servera.<\/p>\n<p>Un\u00eb e quaj k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet si \"rrjet t\u00eb nj\u00eb niveli\" \u2014 n\u00eb t\u00eb nuk ka nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm kryesor, niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes zhvendoset te ruterin kufitar (me funksione firewall, VPN dhe ndoshta proxy), dhe switch-et e qasjes sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt e punonj\u00ebsve, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr serverat.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/fe05e9fc0e26ffb37a8a291aa9c721c5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb rast se rritet nd\u00ebrrmarja \u2014 rritja e numrit t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe serverave, shpesh her\u00eb duhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb rritet numri i switch-eve n\u00eb rrjet dhe portet e qasjes<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb rritet fuqia e server\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb luftosh me domainet e shp\u00ebrndarjes\u2014 t\u00eb implementosh segmentimin e rrjetit dhe rrug\u00ebzimin midis segmenteve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb luftosh me d\u00ebshtimet n\u00eb rrjet, t\u00eb cilat shkaktojn\u00eb pezullime p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit, pasi kjo solli kosto t\u00eb tjera financiare p\u00ebr menaxhimin (punonj\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb pezull, paguhet paga, por puna nuk b\u00ebhet)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb procesin e luft\u00ebs me d\u00ebshtimet, t\u00eb mendosh p\u00ebr rezervimin e nyjeve kritike t\u00eb rrjetit\u2014 rrug\u00ebzues, nd\u00ebrrues, server\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebrbime<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsosh politik\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb, pasi mund t\u00eb shfaqen rreziqe komerciale dhe gjithashtu\u2014 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb funksionim m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb faktin se inxhinieri (administrator i rrjetit) p\u00ebrfundimisht mendon p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit dhe arrin n\u00eb nj\u00eb model me 2 nivele.<\/p>\n<p>Ky model tashm\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7on 2 nivele\u2014 niveli i aksesit dhe niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes, i cili n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe niveli thelb\u00ebsor (collapsed-core).<\/p>\n<p>Niveli i kombinuar i shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe thelb\u00ebsor kryen funksionet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>akumulon lidhjet nga nd\u00ebrruesit e aksesit <\/li>\n<li>introdukton rrug\u00ebzimin e segmenteve t\u00eb rrjetit\u2014 p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe pajisjet b\u00ebhen aq t\u00eb shumta sa q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet \/24 nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb vend, e n\u00ebse b\u00ebjn\u00eb vend, furtunat broadcast shkaktojn\u00eb d\u00ebshtime t\u00eb vazhdueshme (sidomos n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoruesit ndihmojn\u00eb duke krijuar cikle)<\/li>\n<li>siguron lidhjen midis segmenteve p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebse t\u00eb nd\u00ebrruesve (n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet lidhjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta)<\/li>\n<li>siguron lidhjen midis p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb tyre dhe ferm\u00ebs s\u00eb server\u00ebve, e cila gjithashtu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb fillon t\u00eb ve\u00e7ohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit\u2014 Qendra t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave.<\/li>\n<li>fillon t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me nd\u00ebrruesit e aksesit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, politik\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb, e cila fillon t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb. Kompania rritet, rreziqet komerciale gjithashtu rriten (k\u00ebtu n\u00ebnkuptoj jo vet\u00ebm rregullat mbi sekretin komercial, ndarjen e politikave t\u00eb aksesit etj., por edhe pezullimet elementare t\u00eb rrjetit dhe punonj\u00ebsve).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nK\u00ebshtu, rrjeti p\u00ebrfundimisht rritet n\u00eb nj\u00eb model me 2 nivele:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e327c876c5fe9ad45932b014957e3796.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKy\u00ebto model ka k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr switchet e nivelit t\u00eb aksesit, t\u00eb cilat grumbullojn\u00eb lidhjet nga p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe pajisjet e rrjetit (printers, pika qasjeje, pajisje VoIP, telefon\u00eb IP, kamera IP, etj.) si dhe p\u00ebr switchet e nivelit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Switchet e aksesit duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb inteligjent\u00eb dhe funksional\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkesat e performanc\u00ebs, siguris\u00eb dhe fleksibilitetit t\u00eb rrjetit, si dhe duhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme portesh akses dhe portesh magistrale \u2014 idealisht me mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb trafikut, si dhe n\u00eb numrin e porteve<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb kapacitetin e duhur t\u00eb switching dhe Shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebr\u00e7imit<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb funksionalitetin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb siguris\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushte politikat aktuale t\u00eb siguris\u00eb (nj\u00eb ideale edhe rritjen e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb saj t\u00eb ardhshme)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u furnizuar me energji pajisje rrjeti t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr tu arritur duke mund\u00ebsuar rikthimin e tyre t\u00eb larg\u00ebt (PoE, PoE+)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rezervuar furnizimin me energji p\u00ebr vet\u00eb, p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur at\u00eb n\u00eb ato vende ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb (sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur) potencialin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb funksionalitetit \u2014 nj\u00eb shembull i zakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb kur nj\u00eb switch i aksesit me kalimin e koh\u00ebs shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb switch shp\u00ebrndarjeje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr switchet e shp\u00ebrndarjes, gjithashtu ka k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>si n\u00eb lidhje me portet magistrale n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb switcheve t\u00eb aksesit, ashtu edhe n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb interfecave peer t\u00eb switcheve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes (dhe m\u00eb pas edhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e mundshme uplink n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb funksionalitetin L2 dhe L3<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb funksionalitetin e siguris\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb aspektin e sigurimit t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb (rezervimi, klasterizimi dhe rezervimi i energjis\u00eb elektrike)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb aspektin e sigurimit t\u00eb fleksibilitetit gjat\u00eb balancimit t\u00eb trafikut<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ken\u00eb (sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur) potencialin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb funksionalitetit (transformimi me kalimin e koh\u00ebs i pajisjes s\u00eb agregat dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb disa raste, p\u00ebrdorimi i porteve PoE, PoE+ n\u00eb switchet e shp\u00ebrndarjes mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb vijim: n\u00eb rast se drejtuesit e zyr\u00ebs zbatojn\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes dhe zhvillimit aktiv t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, rrjeti n\u00eb vazhdim do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillohet gjithashtu \u2014 kompania mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb me qira nd\u00ebrtesa p\u00ebrreth, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat e saj ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtoj\u00eb konkurrent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu numrin e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ndodh gjithashtu rritja e rrjetit, e cila k\u00ebrkon:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sigurimin e punonj\u00ebsve me vende pune \u2014 nevojiten kalimtar\u00eb t\u00eb rinj me porte aksesimi<\/li>\n<li>prania e kalimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj p\u00ebr grumbullimin e lidhjeve nga kalimtar\u00ebt e aksesit<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrtimin e linjave t\u00eb reja, si dhe modernizimin e atyre ekzistuese <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSi pasoj\u00eb ndodhi rritja e trafikut p\u00ebr arsyet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb porteve t\u00eb aksesit dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb trafikut nga sisteme t\u00eb ngjashme, t\u00eb cilat zgjedhin rrjetin e kompanis\u00eb si transport \u2014 telefonia, siguria, sistemet inxhinierike etj.<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb reja \u2014 me rritjen e stafit, shfaqen departamente t\u00eb reja q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb softuer t\u00eb caktuar<\/li>\n<li>rriten kapacitetet p\u00ebrpunuese n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkesat e infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe aplikacioneve<\/li>\n<li>rriten k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr siguri t\u00eb rrjetit dhe informacionit \u2014 trelli i njohur i CIA-s (shaka), p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb serioz, CIA \u2014 Konfidencialiteti, Integriteti dhe Disponueshm\u00ebria:\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb nivelin kritik t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, shfaqen k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri dhe rezervim<\/li>\n<li>edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb ndodh rritja e trafikut p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u2014 si p\u00ebr shembull RKVI etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb n\u00eb fund, rritja e trafikut, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ri t\u00eb rrjetit \u2014 thelbin, i cili do t\u00eb kryej\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin\/rrug\u00ebzimin me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb paketave duke p\u00ebrdorur lidhje me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, kompania mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb model t\u00eb rrjetit me 3 nivele:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/83b2672c654a223af8a34b78c3ab02d6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSi\u00e7 duket n\u00eb figur\u00ebn e lartme \u2014 n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb till\u00eb ka nj\u00eb nivel thelbi, i cili grumbullon lidhjet me shpejt\u00ebsi nga kalimtar\u00ebt e shp\u00ebrndarjes. K\u00ebshtu, kalimtar\u00ebt e thelbit gjithashtu kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kapacitetin e interfeseve \u2014 1GE, 2.5GE, 10GE, 40GE, 100GE<\/li>\n<li>kapaciteti i performanca e komutatorit (switching capacity dhe forwarding performance)<\/li>\n<li>tipet e interfecive \u2014 1000BASE-T, SFP, SFP+, QSFP, QSFP+<\/li>\n<li>numri dhe grupi i interfecive<\/li>\n<li>mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e rezervimit (stakimi, klasterizimi, rezervimi i pllakatave t\u00eb kontrollit (relevante p\u00ebr komutator\u00ebt modular\u00eb), rezervimi i energjis\u00eb elektrike etj.)<\/li>\n<li>funksionaliteti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel t\u00eb rrjetit, ndjesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme si modifikimi teknik i tij:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rezervimi i nyjeve dhe lidhjeve t\u00eb kernelit (shum\u00eb shum\u00eb shum\u00eb i d\u00ebshiruar)<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i nyjeve dhe lidhjeve n\u00eb nivelin e shp\u00ebrndarjes (n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i lidhjeve nd\u00ebrmjet komutator\u00ebve t\u00eb aksesit dhe nivelit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes (sip\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebs)<\/li>\n<li>do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet implementimi i protokolleve t\u00eb ruterizimit dinamik<\/li>\n<li>balancimi i trafikut si n\u00eb kernel ashtu edhe n\u00eb nivelet e shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe aksesit (n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme)<\/li>\n<li>implementimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve shtes\u00eb \u2014 si transporti ashtu edhe sh\u00ebrbimet e siguris\u00eb (n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nashtu si dhe ligjore, e cila p\u00ebrcakton politik\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb rrjetore t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes, e cila plot\u00ebson politik\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr implementimin dhe konfigurimin e funksioneve t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb komutator\u00ebt e aksesit dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr qasje, monitorim dhe menaxhim t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb rrjetit (protokollet e aksesit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, segmentet e rrjetit t\u00eb lejuara p\u00ebr menaxhim, konfigurimet e regjistrimit etj.)<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr rezervim<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr formimin e kompletit minimal t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ZI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion kam p\u00ebrshkruar shkurtimisht evolucionin e rrjetit dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes nga disa komutator\u00eb dhe disa dhjet\u00ebra punonj\u00ebs deri n\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra (ndoshta edhe qindra komutator\u00eb) dhe disa qindra (ndoshta dhe mij\u00ebra) vet\u00ebm ata punonj\u00ebs q\u00eb punojn\u00eb direkt n\u00eb rrjetin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes (dhe megjithat\u00eb, ka gjithashtu departamentet prodhuese dhe rrjetet inxhinierike).<br \/>\nE kuptueshme, q\u00eb n\u00eb realitet nj\u00eb zhvillim kaq t\u00eb \u00abmrekulluesh\u00ebm\u00bb dhe t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes nuk ndodh.<br \/>\nZakonisht kalojn\u00eb vite q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrja dhe rrjeti t\u00eb rriten nga niveli fillestar 1, deri n\u00eb at\u00eb 3, q\u00eb po e p\u00ebrshkruaj.<\/p>\n<p>Pse po shkruaj k\u00ebto t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb qarta? Sepse dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend nj\u00eb term si ROI \u2014 kthimi n\u00eb investim dhe t\u00eb shqyrtoj at\u00eb an\u00eb, e cila lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me zgjedhjen e pajisjeve rrjetore.<\/p>\n<p>Kur zgjedh pajisjet, inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit dhe drejtuesit e tyre shpesh zgjedhin pajisje sipas 2 faktor\u00ebve - \u00e7mimi aktual t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe funksionalitetit minimal teknik, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr momentin p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e nj\u00eb detyre ose detyrash (p\u00ebr blerjen e pajisjeve p\u00ebr rezervim do t\u00eb flas m\u00eb von\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, rrall\u00eb shqyrtohen mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr rritjen e m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb pajisjeve. Kur ndodh nj\u00eb situat\u00eb, kur pajisjet shterojn\u00eb n\u00eb funksionalitet ose performanc\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb blihet nj\u00eb pajisje m\u00eb e fuqishme dhe m\u00eb funksionale, nd\u00ebrsa e vjetra d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb depo, ose diku n\u00eb rrjet sipas parimit 'p\u00ebr ta mbajtur aty' (kjo gjithashtu sh\u00ebrben si nj\u00eb shkak p\u00ebr shfaqjen e nj\u00eb larmie t\u00eb madhe pajisjesh dhe blerjen e shum\u00eb sistemeve informacioni q\u00eb punojn\u00eb me to).<\/p>\n<p>Pra, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb blerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb licencave p\u00ebr funksionalitet shtes\u00eb dhe performanc\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se pajisjet e reja m\u00eb me performanc\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb blihet nj\u00eb harduer i ri dhe t\u00eb paguhet m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr arsyet n\u00eb vijim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rrjeti shpesh rritet ngadal\u00eb dhe zgjerimi i funksionalitetit, ose performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb rrjetit tuaj mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sekret q\u00eb pajisjet e prodhuesve t\u00eb huaj jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me monedhat e huaja (dollarin ose euro). N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se jemi t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb - rritja e dollarit ose euros (ose devalvimin e p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rub\u00ebs, k\u00ebtu varet nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi) \u00e7on n\u00eb faktin q\u00eb dollari 10 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe dollari sot jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb kontekstin e rub\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDuke p\u00ebrmbledhur gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb theksoj se blerja e pajisjeve rrjetore me funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb tani, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb kursime n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. <br \/>\nK\u00ebtu kostot e blerjes s\u00eb pajisjeve i shqyrtoj n\u00eb kontekstin e investimit n\u00eb rrjetin dhe infrastruktur\u00ebn time.<\/p>\n<p>Pra, shum\u00eb prodhues (jo vet\u00ebm Extreme) p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb parimin pay-as-you-grow, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe funksionaliteti dhe mund\u00ebsish p\u00ebr rritjen e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve, t\u00eb cilat aktivizohen m\u00eb pas me blerjen e licencave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Ata gjithashtu ofrojn\u00eb switches modulare me nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb kartash nd\u00ebrfaqe dhe procesor\u00ebsh, si dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb sasis\u00eb dhe performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb graduale.<\/p>\n<h2>Rezervimi i nyjeve kritike<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit do doja t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaja shkurtimisht parimet kryesore t\u00eb rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb rrjetit, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb switch-et e thelbit, QDC ose ato t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes. D\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb filloj me shqyrtimin e llojeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb rezervimit - stekimit dhe klasterizimit.<\/p>\n<p>Secila prej metodave ka avantazhe dhe disavantazhe, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb flas.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse e krahasimit t\u00eb 2 metodave:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f48f7dbad5f838e90f21c8a90415f074.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>menaxhimi<\/b> - si\u00e7 shihet nga tabela, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt avantazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb te stekimi, sepse nga pik\u00ebpamja e menaxhimit, steku i disa switch-eve paraqitet si nj\u00eb switch i vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh portesh. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhoni, p\u00ebr shembull, 8 switch-e t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb klasterizim, ju mund t\u00eb menaxhoni vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e stekimit.<\/li>\n<li><b>distanca<\/b> - aktualisht, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb, avantazhi i klasterizimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i qart\u00eb, pasi kan\u00eb dal\u00eb teknologji stekimi t\u00eb switch-eve p\u00ebrmes porteve t\u00eb stekimit ose porteve me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb (p\u00ebr shembull SummitStack-V te Extreme, VSS - te Cisco etj.), t\u00eb cilat varen gjithashtu nga lloji i transceiver\u00ebve. K\u00ebtu avantazhi i takon klasterizimit mbi parimin se gjat\u00eb stekimit ekzistojn\u00eb raste ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren porte t\u00eb zakonshme stekimi, t\u00eb cilat shpesh lidhen me kabuj special t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuar - 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 ose 5 metra.<\/li>\n<li><b>p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i softuerit<\/b> - k\u00ebtu ne shohim se klasterizimi ka avantazh mbi stekimin dhe arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb versionit t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb pajisjeve n\u00eb stekim, ju p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni softuerin n\u00eb switch-in kryesor, i cili m\u00eb pas merr rolin e vendosjes s\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb ri n\u00eb switch-et e standby-t t\u00eb stekimit. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, kjo e leht\u00ebson pun\u00ebn tuaj, por p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i softuerit shpesh k\u00ebrkon riciklimin e pajisjeve, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb riciklimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb stekimit dhe k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tij dhe t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me koh\u00ebn e riciklimit. Rrall\u00ebher\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr thelbin dhe QDC. N\u00eb klasterizim - ju keni 2 pajisje t\u00eb pavarura nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni softuerin nj\u00ebri pas tjetrit. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb shmangni nd\u00ebrprerjet n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime.<\/li>\n<li><b>konfigurimi i cil\u00ebsimeve<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu avantazhi padyshim \u00ebsht\u00eb te stekimi, pasi n\u00eb rastin e menaxhimit ju nevojitet t\u00eb rregulloni konfigurimet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pajisje dhe skedarin e saj t\u00eb konfigurimit. Nd\u00ebrsa numri i skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb konfigurimit n\u00eb klasterim do t\u00eb barazohet me numrin e nyjeve t\u00eb klasterit.<\/li>\n<li><b>q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu t\u00eb dy teknologjit\u00eb jan\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb barabarta, por disi ka nj\u00eb avantazh p\u00ebr klasterimin. Arsyen e k\u00ebsaj e gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb siguiente \u2014 n\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb stek nga perspektiva e proceseve dhe protokolleve t\u00eb nisura, do t\u00eb shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb master-switch, mbi t\u00eb cilin jan\u00eb t\u00eb nisura t\u00eb gjitha proceset dhe protokollet kryesore (p\u00ebr shembull protokolli i ruterit dinamik \u2014 OSPF)<\/li>\n<li>ka komutator\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb slave-switch, mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb nisura proceset kryesore q\u00eb nevojiten p\u00ebr funksionimin e stek\u00ebs dhe sh\u00ebrbimin e trafikut q\u00eb kalon p\u00ebrmes tyre<\/li>\n<li>kur master-switch-i d\u00ebshton, komutatori tjet\u00ebr i cili ka prioritet zbulon d\u00ebshtimin e masterit<\/li>\n<li>ai e inicon veten si master dhe nis t\u00eb gjitha proceset q\u00eb funksiononin mbi master (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb protokollin OSPF q\u00eb ne po e v\u00ebzhgojm\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>pas disa koh\u00ebsh t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb proceseve (zakonisht nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl), fillon t\u00eb punoj\u00eb vet\u00eb protokolli OSPF<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb OSPF gjat\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit nga nyjet n\u00eb klasterim do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb pak m\u00eb shpejt sesa te stekimi (p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur dhe inicializuar proceset dhe protokollet n\u00eb komutatorin slave t\u00eb stek\u00ebs). Megjithat\u00eb duhet t\u00eb v\u00ebrej se protokollet moderne t\u00eb stekimit dhe komutator\u00ebt funksionojn\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt, shpesh her\u00eb koha e nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb trafikut gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb stek\u00ebs merr m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb sekond\u00eb, por megjithat\u00eb nominalisht klasterimi fiton n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb paramet\u00ebr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>kompleksiteti <\/b> \u2014 si\u00e7 shihet nga tabela, n\u00eb aspektin e kompleksitetit fiton stekimi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e pikave \"menaxhimi\" dhe \"konfigurimi i parametrave\". Nj\u00eb nyje e vetme merr shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr konfigurim dhe menaxhim. Po ashtu, gjat\u00eb klasterimit shpeshher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen protokolle t\u00eb tjera ruterimi ose protokolle rezervimi t\u00eb portave \u2014 VRRP, HSRP dhe t\u00eb tjera.<\/li>\n<li><b>ndryshimi i nyjeve<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu ka nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb qart\u00eb n\u00eb stack-ing. Shum\u00eb shpesh, p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb switch n\u00eb nj\u00eb stack \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb b\u00ebhen cil\u00ebsimet minimale t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb pajisjeve, p\u00ebr shembull:\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet softueri i switch-it t\u00eb ri n\u00eb versionin e softuerit t\u00eb stack-it (dhe kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb kur vendosen switch-at n\u00eb ZIP)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb konfigurohen disa komanda baz\u00eb p\u00ebr stack-ing (dhe p\u00ebr disa lloje switch-ash madje kjo mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e nevojshme)<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb nxirret switch-i q\u00eb ka dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb funksionit nga stack-u dhe t\u00eb lidhet nj\u00eb i ri<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb lidhet energjia elektrike dhe patchcords<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>elasticiteti <\/b> \u2014 e konsideroj si nj\u00eb nga parametrat kryesor\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, elasticiteti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb komplekse q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb ndryshon n\u00ebn ndikimin e ngarkes\u00ebs dhe kthehet n\u00eb pamjen e saj fillestare pas zhdukjes s\u00eb saj. Si\u00e7 duket, p\u00ebr klasterizimin, ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb edhe me nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie 4:3 n\u00eb karakteristika n\u00eb favor t\u00eb stack-ing. E gjith\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb te faktori njer\u00ebzor. Po, po, mos u \u00e7uditni \u2014 n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e parametrave t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb stack-ing si menaxhimi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, konfigurimi i cil\u00ebsimeve dhe thjesht\u00ebsia e leht\u00ebsuar ndodhet dob\u00ebsia e stack-ing, kur faktori njer\u00ebzor hyn n\u00eb loj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nGjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs time n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e IT, kam hasur shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb situata (n\u00eb fakt, \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb them, kam shkelur mbi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gj\u00ebra, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb fillim), kur gjat\u00eb konfig\u016brimit t\u00eb stack-it ingjinieri b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb futjen e komand\u00ebs apo nd\u00ebrrimin e funksionaliteteve n\u00eb pajisje, q\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb d\u00ebshtimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb stack-it dhe rindezjen e saj manuale. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht duhet p\u00ebrmendur ata q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin aplikacionin Putty p\u00ebr Windows (ah, ky kopjimi me butonin e djatht\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, t\u00eb dy teknologjit\u00eb jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb mira (ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb krahasim me munges\u00ebn e rezervimit) dhe secila ka piketat e forta dhe t\u00eb dob\u00ebta, por p\u00ebr nivelin e thelbit dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb QGIS me ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, do t\u00eb preferoja t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorja klasterizimin.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm mendimi im. Shum\u00eb inxhinier\u00eb profesional\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb angazhuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vjet n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel profesional, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb dy teknologjit\u00eb \u2014 k\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka varet nga p\u00ebrvoja dhe kualifikimi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 teknologjive t\u00eb stack-imit dhe rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb rrjetit, ekzistojn\u00eb gjithashtu parime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr rezervimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb vet\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb rrjetit dhe lidhjeve midis nyjeve:<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebn rezervimin brenda nyjes s\u00eb rrjetit kuptoj:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rezervimin e blloqeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb - instalimi i 2 blloqeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb q\u00eb dublidojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin (t\u00eb lidhura gjithashtu me kategorin\u00eb e par\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike) mund t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm jet\u00ebn tuaj.<\/li>\n<li>rezervimin e bordeve t\u00eb menaxhimit - kjo zakonisht i referohet switch-eve modulare, t\u00eb cilat parashikojn\u00eb lidhjen e disa bordeve t\u00eb menaxhimit q\u00eb dublidojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin.<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore - gjithashtu i referohet kryesisht switch-eve modulare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00ebn rezervimin e lidhjeve\/koneksioneve n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb kryesisht pranin\u00eb e kabllove t\u00eb dublikuar (ose lidhjeve radio n\u00eb rast hap\u00ebsirash t\u00eb hapura) me:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shp\u00ebrndarje p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb ndryshme kabllor\u00eb brenda nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs<\/li>\n<li>shp\u00ebrndarje gjeografike n\u00eb territor n\u00eb nivelin e 2 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesave, qyteteve, rajoneve ose vendeve (t\u00eb ashtuquajturat unaza t\u00eb m\u00ebdha)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e lidhjeve rezerv\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb respektohen disa rekomandime p\u00ebr pajisjet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb rastin e dublimit t\u00eb kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore t\u00eb switch-it modular, ose kur ka nj\u00eb stakim, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen lidhjet midis nj\u00ebsive - kartave nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore n\u00eb rast switch-eve modulare dhe switch-eve n\u00eb rast stakimi.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebshirueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren protokollet e agregimit t\u00eb lidhjeve (LACP, MLT, PAgP etj.) p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar lidhjet n\u00eb grupe dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb balancuar ngarkes\u00ebn midis tyre.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren router-a q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin protokollet ECMP (Equal-Cost-Multi-Path) - kur gjat\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb disa paketimeve p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge, k\u00ebto paketa nuk kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge optimale (dhe nd\u00ebrfaqe) por shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb disa rrug\u00eb optimale (dhe disa nd\u00ebrfaqe), t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrcaktohen sipas barazis\u00eb s\u00eb metrikave t\u00eb protokollit t\u00eb routing, i cili vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr plot\u00ebsimin e tabel\u00ebs p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb routing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDhe tani, si\u00e7 premhtuam, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nga praktika ime dhe principin e kursimit n\u00eb rezervimin e nyjeve kritike, q\u00eb ndodhi disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani, q\u00eb do ta quaj X, kishte nj\u00eb model standard t\u00eb rrjetit 3-nivelesh:\n<ul>\n<li>me disa n\u00facleo<\/li>\n<li>disa dhjet\u00ebra agregime<\/li>\n<li>me shume mij\u00eb switch-e qasje<\/li>\n<li>me disa dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>rrjeti ishte nd\u00ebrtuar mjaft komplikuar:\n<ul>\n<li>me nj\u00eb mori protokollesh dinamik\u00eb t\u00eb ruterimit dhe protokollesh \u2014 OSPF, MP-BGP, MPLS, PIM, IGMP, IPv6, etj.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb mori sh\u00ebrbesh \u2014 qasje n\u00eb internet, VPN L2 dhe L3, VoIP, IPTV, linja t\u00eb dedikuara, etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>por kishte nj\u00eb ngushtic\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet \u2014 router-i i kufirit, i cili kombinonte funksionet e BGP-border dhe p\u00ebrfshinte disa sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit<\/li>\n<li>po, ai kushtonte si krah avioni (disa miliona rubla)<\/li>\n<li>po, n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ai ishte nj\u00eb nga pajisjet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e furnizuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>po, ai duhej t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i besuesh\u00ebm \u2014 me nj\u00eb indikator t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer MTBF<\/li>\n<li>po, ai kishte 4 blloqe energjie, t\u00eb organizuara sipas skem\u00ebs 2x2 dhe t\u00eb lidhura me burime t\u00eb ndryshme UPS dhe hyrjes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPor gjith\u00eb kjo nuk e anashkalonte faktin se ai ishte pika e vetme e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte aspak e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr mua dhe koleg\u00ebt e mi, ky router urdh\u00ebroi t\u00eb pushonte (m\u00eb von\u00eb zbuluam se ndodhi nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e energjis\u00eb p\u00ebrmes UPS, e cila \u00e7oi n\u00eb daljen e dy blloqeve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht dhe nj\u00eb nga blloqet shkat\u00ebrroi modulin RP t\u00eb router-it dhe kart\u00ebn interfaci q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb lidhura me autobusin e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb pajisjes).<\/p>\n<p>Nuk kishim blloqe rezerv\u00eb \u2014 RP dhe kart\u00ebn e interfacit, por kishim nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb p\u00ebr z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e pajisjeve ose komponenteve t\u00eb saj me nj\u00eb nga partner\u00ebt tan\u00eb sipas skem\u00ebs NBD.<\/p>\n<p>Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb at\u00eb moment partner\u00ebt tan\u00eb kishin n\u00eb depo vet\u00ebm kart\u00ebn e interfacit, por nuk kishte bllok RP, ai erdhi vet\u00ebm pas disa dit\u00ebsh (pas 3 dit\u00ebsh).<\/p>\n<p>Si rezultat, prania e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb vetme t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit n\u00eb rrjet (edhe me nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje dhe z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi t\u00eb pajisjeve) rezultoi n\u00eb shpenzime financiare si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pjesa e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, q\u00eb lidhej ose ishte e lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb border, ishte rreth 60-70%<\/li>\n<li>si\u00e7 u llogarit m\u00eb von\u00eb, fitimi ditor ishte rreth 900 mij\u00eb rubla (p\u00ebr afro)<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr 3 dit\u00eb pezullimi teori\u00e7ilisht u humb fitimi i rreth 1 milion 620 mij\u00eb rubla deri n\u00eb 1 milion 890 mij\u00eb rubla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNatyrisht humbjet neto ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, pasi kompensimet p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesve u kthyen jo n\u00eb forma monetare, por si sh\u00ebrbime, por ata ende ishin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pjesa e kompensimeve p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit korporat\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>shpenzime t\u00eb rritura p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit e kompanis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb punuar gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre 3-4 dit\u00ebve me nj\u00eb staf t\u00eb plot\u00eb \u2014 or\u00eb t\u00eb tepruara, kujdestari nat\u00ebn, zgjerimi i turneve etj.<\/li>\n<li>humbe reputacioni, e cila gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/li>\n<li>dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2014 nervat, si t\u00eb drejtuesve dhe punonj\u00ebsve, ashtu edhe t\u00eb klient\u00ebve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSi pasoj\u00eb, politika e kompanis\u00eb u rishikua:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u hoq kontrata e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit sipas kushteve NBD<\/li>\n<li>u ruajt kontrata normale t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit<\/li>\n<li>u blua nj\u00eb ruter dublues me koston prej rreth 1 \u2014 1.3 milion rubla p\u00ebr t\u00eb rezervuar 90% t\u00eb funksionalitetit t\u00eb kryesorit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, blerja e pajisjeve shtes\u00eb dhe rezervimi i kryesores lejuan t\u00eb balancohen ngarkesat midis tyre p\u00ebr lidhjet e jashtme, trafikun dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe siguruan nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrie p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb n\u00eb rastet e ardhshme t\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsive.<\/p>\n<h2>Shembuj t\u00eb projektimit t\u00eb rrjetit Enterprise<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb paraqes piketat kryesore gjat\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb baz\u00ebs t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb. Nuk do t'ju mbingarkoj me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb metodologjin\u00eb PPDIOO (Prepare-Planning-Design-Implement-Operate-Optimize), por do t\u00eb theksoj vet\u00ebm pikat kryesore:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Prepare\/Priparimi<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni me drejtuesit tuaj q\u00ebllimet e modernizimit t\u00eb rrjetit, t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb arrini \u2014 t\u00eb rrisni q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, t\u00eb implementoni sh\u00ebrbime ose teknologji t\u00eb reja. P\u00ebrcaktimi i kufizimeve \u2014 teknike dhe organizative e kaloj k\u00ebtu, pasi supozoj q\u00eb ju jeni nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs i organizat\u00ebs dhe keni nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t'i kap\u00ebrcyer ato. Do t\u00eb kthehem m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb tem\u00ebn e buxhetit.<\/li>\n<li><b>Planning\/Planifikimi<\/b> \u2014 k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit tuaj aktual (n\u00ebse ende nuk e dini), dmth. t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani rrjetin si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb tani:\n<ul>\n<li>numri dhe lloji i pajisjeve<\/li>\n<li>numri dhe llojet e porteve<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt kabllore dhe skemat e nd\u00ebrlidhjes brenda dhe midis nd\u00ebrtesave<\/li>\n<li>skemat e energjis\u00eb elektrike<\/li>\n<li>adresim L2 dhe L3<\/li>\n<li>nd\u00ebrtoni harta t\u00eb rrjeteve Wi-Fi me tregimin e pikave t\u00eb qasjes dhe kontrollor\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrshkruani ferm\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb serverave<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb e preferueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet tuaja dhe lidhjet mes tyre<\/li>\n<li>n\u00ebse politika e siguris\u00eb rrjet\u00ebsore dhe ndarjes s\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb apo tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ta merrni parasysh at\u00eb gjat\u00eb projektimit<\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb pari, do t\u00eb v\u00ebrej se hapi i dyt\u00eb, p\u00ebrfundimisht p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb inventar t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit, duke filluar nga infrastruktura kabllore dhe skemat e furnizimit me energji, deri te sh\u00ebrbimet (aplikacionet dhe portat e tyre). Ky hap \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb i pun\u00ebsuar dhe madje ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00ebrzit\u00ebs. N\u00ebse ju ose paraardh\u00ebsi juaj nuk keni mbajtur dokumentacione ose madje nj\u00eb sistem elementar monitorimi, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb mendoni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Rrjeti ka tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb me kalimin e koh\u00ebs me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar dhe vet\u00ebm mbajtja e dokumentacionit aktual ose e nj\u00eb sistemi monitorimi mund t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb ndiqni gjendjen e tij dhe t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoni administrimin e tij. Por kjo tashm\u00eb i p\u00ebrket hapit operativ.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Dizajnimi<\/b> \u2014 t\u00eb armatosur me njohuri t\u00eb plota mbi rrjetin tuaj, t\u00eb fituara n\u00eb hapin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, ju p\u00ebrfundimisht uleni dhe mendoni se si ta modernizoni rrjetin tuaj. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb demonstroj nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb rrjetit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr veten time kam p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e origjin\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb udh\u00ebheqin n\u00eb llogaritjen dhe projektimin e rrjetit themelor.<\/p>\n<p>Imagjinoni hapin P\u00ebrgatit\u00ebsi si nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb planifikohet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt vendesh pune, rreth 700-800 (k\u00ebtu kam parasysh ata punonj\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb rrjetin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes)<\/li>\n<li>ka disa nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb territorin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes:<\/li>\n<li><b>Korrespondencat kryesore:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nd\u00ebrtesave \u2014 2<\/li>\n<li>numri i kat\u00ebve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 7<\/li>\n<li>numri i dollap\u00ebve telekomunikues n\u00eb kat n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 3 (n\u00eb total 21)<\/li>\n<li>numri i punonj\u00ebsve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb =~ 250 persona<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Nd\u00ebrtesat shtes\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nd\u00ebrtesave \u2014 10<\/li>\n<li>numri i kat\u00ebve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb\/nd\u00ebrmarrje \u2014 2<\/li>\n<li>numri i dollap\u00ebve telekomunikues n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u2014 3<\/li>\n<li>numri i punonj\u00ebsve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb =~ 20 persona<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Aktualisht niveli i thell\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjetit (e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb shum\u00eb e zakonshme, q\u00eb e kam hasur m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme dhe me p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje portesh) \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>me 2 switch-e L2:\n<ul>\n<li>portat 1Gb t\u00eb tipit RJ-45 \u2014 24<\/li>\n<li>portat 1Gb SFP \u2014 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>me 1 switch t\u00eb L2:\n<ul>\n<li>portat 1Gb SFP \u2014 24<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>topologjia e thell\u00ebsis\u00eb \u2014 unaz\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>lidhjet peer-to-peer midis switch-eve jan\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizuara duke p\u00ebrdorur fibra optike<\/li>\n<li>switch-\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb dhoma t\u00eb vogla server\u00ebsh me dollap\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Aktualisht niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>e kombinuar me nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb lidhje me agregimin e lidhjeve nga switch-t\u00eb e aksesit<\/li>\n<li>Adresimi L3 \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb routerin kufitar dhe\\\/ose n\u00eb firewall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Niveli aktual i aksesit:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>switch-t\u00eb L2 me 16 x 100 Mb porta akses RJ-45 dhe 2 porta uplink kombinuese 1-gigabit RJ-45\\\/SFP<\/li>\n<li>switch-t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb dollap\u00ebt n\u00eb katet<\/li>\n<li>topologjia e switch-eve t\u00eb aksesit:\n<ul>\n<li>yll (hub-and-spoke) me switch-in e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs\\\/distributimin n\u00eb qend\u00ebr<\/li>\n<li>spoke p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb deg\u00eb t\u00eb switch-eve n\u00ebp\u00ebr kate \u2014 3 t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb zinxhir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ka switch-e akses t\u00eb pa menaxhuar<\/li>\n<li>switch-t\u00eb n\u00eb 9 kasa t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura p\u00ebrmes konvertor\u00ebve t\u00eb mediave (transformues t\u00eb sinjalit optik n\u00eb elektrik)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Kabela aktuale e infrastruktur\u00ebs:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Sistemi i kabllove nd\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrtesave:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb kabllo optike nd\u00ebrmjet 2 nd\u00ebrtesave kryesore me kapacitet 8 fibra <\/li>\n<li>ka nga 1 kabllo optike nd\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb nga kasave shtes\u00eb (ku \u00ebsht\u00eb i instaluar switch-i i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs) dhe secil\u00ebs nga nd\u00ebrtesat kryesore me kapacitet 8 fibra secila<\/li>\n<li>ka nga 1 kabllo optike nd\u00ebrmjet kasave shtes\u00eb dhe kasave me switch-e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me kapacitet 4 fibra (distribucioni i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>tipi i fibrave n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kabllot \u2014 nj\u00ebmodore\\\/SMF<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdoren transiver\u00eb SFP nj\u00ebmodor\u00eb 2-fibror\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>disa kabllo p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb krosset optike (ODF) n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (dhoma krosesh\\\/server\u00ebsh), nd\u00ebrsa disa kabllo jan\u00eb n\u00eb SHP n\u00eb kat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i kabllove brenda nd\u00ebrtesave:\n<ul>\n<li>ka nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb kabllore amalgamike nd\u00ebrmjet dhomave t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe dollap\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb kate:<\/li>\n<li>kabllo bakri Cat5e \u2014 10 cop\u00eb (ose 100 \u00e7ifte kabllosh)<\/li>\n<li>kabllo optike multimodale\\\/MMF me 4 ose 8 fibra \u2014 1 cop\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>kabllo optike multimodale\\\/MMF me 4 fibra nd\u00ebrmjet dollap\u00ebve n\u00eb kate<\/li>\n<li>kabllo bakri Cat5e nd\u00ebrmjet dollap\u00ebve n\u00eb kate dhe prizave t\u00eb aksesit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>qendra aktuale e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>ka disa servera, p\u00ebr shembull 6 cop\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me porta 1Gb n\u00eb switch-in e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb par\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb gjitha aplikacionet e nd\u00ebrmarrjes jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb servera<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>adresimi L2, L3 dhe rrug\u00ebzimi:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb rrjet ka disa VLAN \u2014 2, 3 cop\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>serverat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \\\/24<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr nevoja t\u00eb brendshme p\u00ebrdoren rrjetet gri t\u00eb klas\u00ebs B, q\u00eb bien n\u00eb gam\u00ebn \u2014 172.16.0.0\\\/16<\/li>\n<li>Adresat L3 p\u00ebrfundohet n\u00eb routerin kufitar dhe\/ose n\u00eb firewall<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebrdoret rrug\u00ebzim statik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>informacion shtes\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>telefoni:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa dhe n\u00eb disa struktura \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar telefoni tradicional me p\u00ebrdorimin e PBX-ve digjitale t\u00eb vjetra (jo IP-PBX)<\/li>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb telefonizohen strukturat e reja, pa shpenzime p\u00ebr shtrimin e linjave t\u00eb shtrenjta t\u00eb kabllit bakri me kapacitet t\u00eb caktuar dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb INFRASHTRUKTURE N\u00cb DUBLA p\u00ebr telefonin\u00eb brenda nd\u00ebrtesave<\/li>\n<li>me kalimin e koh\u00ebs planifikohet t\u00eb implementohet telefonia IP n\u00eb gjith\u00eb territorin e nd\u00ebrmarrjes, ta kombinoj\u00eb at\u00eb me sistemet CRM dhe t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>kapaciteti i porteve:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb analizohet kapaciteti aktual i porteve kryesore dhe porteve t\u00eb aksesit, dhe t\u00eb rezervohen t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 25-30% p\u00ebr nevojat e ardhshme<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb analizohet mjaftueshm\u00ebria e kapacitetit aktual t\u00eb porteve t\u00eb aksesit dhe lidhjeve kryesore<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb parashikohet pranin\u00eb e porteve PoE\/PoE+ t\u00eb aksesit p\u00ebr pajisjet nga sisteme t\u00eb af\u00ebrta \u2014 mbik\u00ebqyrja vizive dhe telefoni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>mbik\u00ebqyrja vizive:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>planifikohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret rrjeti i nd\u00ebrmarrjes si transport p\u00ebr rrjetin e mbik\u00ebqyrjes vizive<\/li>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb parashikohet pranin\u00eb e porteve PoE p\u00ebr kamerat e mbik\u00ebqyrjes vizive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>sistemet pa tela:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen planifikohet t\u00eb implementohet nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb pa tela p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e punonj\u00ebsve<\/li>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb parashikohet pranin\u00eb e porteve PoE p\u00ebr piketat e aksesit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>buxheti, afatet dhe k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr pajisjet:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret pajisja ekzistuese sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur <\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit t\u00eb merret parasysh mund\u00ebsia e zgjerimit t\u00eb kapacitetit t\u00eb rrjetit p\u00ebr N vjet p\u00ebrpara<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb projektimin e rrjetit t\u00eb merret parasysh mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha funksionet e siguris\u00eb \u2014 k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb lista e funksionaliteteve, duke filluar nga port-security dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me autentifikimin dhe autorizimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve sipas 802.1x.<\/li>\n<li>sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb rezervohen nyjet kritike t\u00eb rrjetit me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb par\u00eb \u2014 b\u00ebrthama dhe QENDRA E D\u00cbMTIMIT, dhe t\u00eb parashikohet mund\u00ebsia e rezervimit t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u2014 nyjet e shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>buxheti i projektit duhet t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb financimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm n\u00eb disa etapa<\/li>\n<li>shuma e buxhetit \u2014 k\u00ebtu \u00e7do nd\u00ebrmarrje e p\u00ebrcakton p\u00ebr vete, duke u udh\u00ebhequr nga treguesit e saj financiar\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Afati \u2014 n\u00eb rastin optimal, k\u00ebtu nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb afate t\u00eb qarta, pasi ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i brendsh\u00ebm i kompanis\u00eb, i cili realizohet nga punonj\u00ebsit e saj, ose ato do t\u00eb jen\u00eb relativisht komode \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, 1 vit (dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb). N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq \u2014 mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nga 3 muaj n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muaj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>t\u00eb zgjidhin problemet aktuale n\u00eb rrjet:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>humbje paketash<\/li>\n<li>problemet me DHCP n\u00eb switch-at e men\u00e7ur t\u00eb aksesit, t\u00eb lidhura me p\u00ebrdorimin e familjes s\u00eb protokolleve STP p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar loops n\u00eb portet e aksesit.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb eliminoj\u00eb pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb interface t\u00eb serverit DHCP n\u00eb \u00e7do VLAN t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve<\/li>\n<li>shfaqja e loops t\u00eb switching, t\u00eb lidhura me lidhjen e paautorizuar t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb men\u00e7ur\/n\u00ebn menaxhim n\u00eb zyrat dhe lidhjen me to t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme<\/li>\n<li>lista mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb dhe vazhdoj\u00eb\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHapi i Planifikimit \u2014 karakteristika e gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit tuaj aktual, si\u00e7 kam th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, varet nga disponueshm\u00ebria e nj\u00eb sistemi monitorimi cil\u00ebsor dhe shkalla e dokumentimit t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap do t'ju duhet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn t\u00eb vizatoni rrjetin ekzistues p\u00ebr nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb mblidhni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga pajisjet:\n<ul>\n<li>trafiku n\u00eb portat kryesore<\/li>\n<li>gabimet n\u00eb porte<\/li>\n<li>ngarkesa e CPU dhe shpenzimi i memories n\u00eb switch-e dhe router-a<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani skemat L2-L3 sipas VLAN-ve dhe adresave IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb ngrini skemat e kabllove:\n<ul>\n<li>skemat e fibrave optike dhe skemat e ndarjes s\u00eb cross-connects optike<\/li>\n<li>skemat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb kabllove t\u00eb bakrit midis serverave dhe kat\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>skemat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb kabllove t\u00eb bakrit midis kat\u00ebve dhe zyrave<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni pranin\u00eb e cross-connects optike dhe panellave patch n\u00eb servera dhe dollap\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni skemat e energjis\u00eb n\u00eb servera dhe dollap\u00eb kat\u00ebr<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kontrolloni pranin\u00eb e UPS-ve dhe baterive n\u00eb nyjat kritike<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb analizohet t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDuke u udh\u00ebhequr nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e faz\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes, arrita n\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb logjike t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/0941c3762961d5b6502ac57971cc13a3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00eb pas, duke ndjekur qasjen modulare, duhet t\u00eb ve\u00e7oni nivelet dhe modulet e nd\u00ebrmarrjes:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-et Extreme\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4e060586cb039ea318ba83c61ed876e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNuk do t\u00eb prek kufijt\u00eb (Edge) n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend shkurtimisht tezave themelore p\u00ebr secilin nga modulet e Kampusit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Aksesi \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numrin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb porteve p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb rrjet<\/li>\n<li>zbatimin e politikave t\u00eb siguris\u00eb \u2014 filtrimin e trafikut dhe protokolleve<\/li>\n<li>ngjeshjen e domain-eve publike dhe segmentimin e rrjetit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet VLAN-ve<\/li>\n<li>zbatimin e VLAN-ve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr trafikun e z\u00ebrit<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr porta PoE qasje<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IP multicast<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebshilltaria e lidhjeve t\u00eb besueshme t\u00eb komunikimit n\u00eb kombinim me nivelin e shp\u00ebrndarjes (preferohet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shp\u00ebrndarja \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>numrin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e switch-eve t\u00eb qasjes<\/li>\n<li>agregimin dhe ruajtjen e lidhjeve t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb qasjes<\/li>\n<li>IP routing<\/li>\n<li>filtrimi i paketeve<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebshilltaria n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve, pajisjeve dhe furnizimit me energji (shum\u00eb e preferueshme)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Niveli b\u00ebrthamor \u2014 duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhjes dhe routing t\u00eb paketeve<\/li>\n<li>numrin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e switch-eve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IP routing dhe protokollet dinamike t\u00eb routing me konvergjenc\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit <\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<li>funksionalitetin e siguris\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e aksesit n\u00eb pajisje dhe control plane<\/li>\n<li>k\u00ebshilltaria n\u00eb nivelin e pajisjeve dhe furnizimit me energji (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Qendra e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave \u2014 niveli rrjetit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij moduli duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>lidhje t\u00eb shpejta t\u00eb komunikimit<\/li>\n<li>numrin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb porteve p\u00ebr lidhjen e server\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>ruajtja e lidhjeve t\u00eb komunikimit si midis server\u00ebve dhe switch-eve t\u00eb Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave ashtu edhe midis switch-eve t\u00eb Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<li>ruajtja e pajisjeve dhe furnizimit me energji (e domosdoshme)<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr QoS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb pas, na nevojitet t\u00eb llogarisim portet tona dhe lidhjet e komunikimit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/nb\/mv\/33\/nbmv335-gib7s0tsfzcguvznpim.png\">Niveli i aksesit \u2014 tabela e llogaritjes s\u00eb porteve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pra, kemi marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb porteve t\u00eb aksesit sipas nd\u00ebrtesave. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr nivelin e aksesit dhe v\u00ebrejtjet dhe t\u00eb planifikojm\u00eb opsionet e zgjidhjes.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/b7\/sz\/gx\/b7szgxg97yj0ddyej9lzt26fzx4.png\">Niveli i aksesit \u2014 k\u00ebrkesat dhe opsionet e zgjidhjes<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb llogarisim portet dhe lidhjet e komunikimit p\u00ebr nivelet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/xf\/yu\/ds\/xfyudsa-ratfg_qy7oxrhn7rj8e.png\">Niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/op\/5u\/ot\/op5uothcj0pvbpl7ql0cfyj7fpw.png\">Niveli b\u00ebrthamor<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/jr\/ie\/oe\/jrieoeexaj8cqvzzmkg5lue386i.png\">Niveli i Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb llogaritjes kemi marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>niveli i qasjes<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e t\u00eb aksesit me 24 dhe 48 porta, idealisht me porte 1Gb t\u00eb aksesit dhe me porte uplink optike SFP me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr PoE dhe funksionalitet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb total do t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb 504 porte t\u00eb aksesit, t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb parim do t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr porte rezerv\u00eb n\u00ebse merret nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur 2 porte p\u00ebr \u00e7do vend pune \u2014 IP-telefon dhe portin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/li>\n<li>mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb \u00e7do kat nj\u00eb switch me 48 porte me funksion PoE, duke ofruar porte qasje p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat:\n<ul>\n<li>rezerv\u00eb \u2014 rreth 102 porte spare (22%) n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat kryesore. P\u00ebr objektet shtes\u00eb pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2014 25%.<\/li>\n<li>monitorim video<\/li>\n<li>rrjetet pa tela<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli i shp\u00ebrndarjes<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e me nj\u00eb grup portesh SFP nga 12 deri n\u00eb 48 porte me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2 porte SFP+ n\u00eb dispozicion, me mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb bashk\u00ebrgimit dhe funksionalitet t\u00eb avancuar, si dhe me blloqe rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli kryesor<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb nga 12 deri n\u00eb 24 porte SFP\/SFP+ q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin si bashk\u00ebrgimin, ashtu edhe klasterizimin me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr MC-LAG. Duhet t\u00eb theksohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren edhe mjete rrug\u00ebzimi p\u00ebr balancimin e trafikut. Brezat e fundit t\u00eb switch-eve L3 dhe ruter\u00ebve mb\u00ebshtesin ECMP me balancimin e trafikut mbi 4 dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb me metrik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><b>niveli i Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/b> \u2014 nevojiten switch-e nga 8 deri n\u00eb 24 porte SFP\/SFP+ q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin si bashk\u00ebrgimin, ashtu edhe klasterizimin me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr MC-LAG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSkema e targetuar e rrjetit n\u00eb fund rezultoi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/1w\/sa\/z1\/1wsaz1id2-qf7yjjhhxspvbxepw.png\">nj\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Zgjedhja e switch-eve Extreme p\u00ebr realizimin e projektit<\/h2>\n<p>\nJa, tani kemi arritur n\u00eb momentin kryesor \u2014 zgjedhjen e switch-eve p\u00ebr realizimin e projektit ton\u00eb. P\u00ebr skem\u00ebn e arritur t\u00eb targetuar p\u00ebrshtaten switch-et Extreme si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p>Niveli<br \/>\nModeli<br \/>\nPorte<br \/>\nP\u00ebrshkrimi<\/p>\n<p>b\u00ebrthama<br \/>\nx620-16x-Base *<\/p>\n<p>x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*<br \/>\n16 x 10GE SFP+ <br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x10GE SFP+ dhe 4\u00d740 GE QSFP+<br \/>\nP\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb kernelit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>linja me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>funksionalitet i avancuar t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimit dhe siguris\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe shtes\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebrgimin dhe klasterizimin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n Me k\u00ebrkesa minimale, switch-i i seris\u00eb x620 do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet.<br \/>\n N\u00eb rastin e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb avancuara p\u00ebr numrin e porteve dhe funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb merret parasysh switch-i i seris\u00eb x670-G2.<\/p>\n<p> Qendra e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/p>\n<p> x620-16x-Base*<\/p>\n<p>x590-24x-1q-2c*<\/p>\n<p>x670-G2-48x-4q-Base*<\/p>\n<p> 16 x 10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x10GE SFP, 1xQSFP+, 2xQSFP28<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n 48x10GE SFP+ dhe 4\u00d740 GE QSFP+<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb Qendres s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>linja me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe shtes\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebrgimin dhe klasterizimin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMe k\u00ebrkesa minimale, switch-i i seris\u00eb x620 do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet.<br \/>\nN\u00eb rastin e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb avancuara p\u00ebr numrin e porteve dhe funksionalitet m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb merret parasysh switch-i i seris\u00eb x670-G2 dhe x590-24x-1q-2c.<\/p>\n<p> distribuimi<\/p>\n<p> X460-G2-24x-10GE4-Base*<\/p>\n<p>X460-G2-48x-10GE4-Base*<\/p>\n<p> 24x1GE SFP, 8\u00d71000 RJ-45, 4x10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x1GE SFP, 4x10GE SFP+<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat kryesore t\u00eb distribucionit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i nevojsh\u00ebm i porteve optike<\/li>\n<li>rezervimi i energjis\u00eb me blloqe shtes\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebrgimin dhe klasterizimin<\/li>\n<li>funksionaliteti i nevojsh\u00ebm L3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebrshkrimi ideal p\u00ebr switch-et e seris\u00eb x460-G2. Prania e blloqeve rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb me mund\u00ebsi zgjerimi dhe shtimi t\u00eb porteve 10G, CX (p\u00ebr stacking) dhe QSFP+ i b\u00ebn ato switch-et perfekt\u00eb p\u00ebr nivelin e shp\u00ebrndarjes me porte deri n\u00eb 1 Gb.<\/p>\n<p> akses<\/p>\n<p> X440-G2-24p-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-24t-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-48t-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p>X440-G2-48p-10GE4*<\/p>\n<p> 24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+ (buxheti PoE 380 W)<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n24x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+ porte kombinuara<br \/>\n \u00a0<br \/>\n48x1000BASE-T(4 x SFP combo), 4x10GE SFP+ porte kombinuara (buxheti PoE 740 W)<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat e aksesit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>numri i k\u00ebrkuar i porteve t\u00eb aksesit<\/li>\n<li>mb\u00ebshtetje PoE\/PoE+<\/li>\n<li>funksionaliteti dhe mund\u00ebsia e zgjerimit t\u00eb porteve<\/li>\n<li>bonus i shtuar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr stacking me porte 10Gb 'nga kutia'<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRekomandoj t\u00eb kushtoni v\u00ebmendje k\u00ebsaj game p\u00ebr fleksibilitetin e saj n\u00eb lidhje me portet, performanc\u00ebn dhe funksionalitetin.<\/p>\n<p>*specifikimin e switch-eve t\u00eb zgjedhura mund ta shikoni n\u00eb artikullin e par\u00eb t\u00eb ciklit \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/465407\/\">p\u00ebrmbledhje e switch-eve Extreme<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoja artikullin, por doja t\u00eb diskutoja edhe 2 aspekte shtes\u00eb me t\u00eb cilat \u00e7do inxhinier do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet gjat\u00eb zhvillimit ose modernizimit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb tij:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pun\u00eb me kalot kabllor\u00eb \u2014 fibra dhe linjat bakri<\/li>\n<li>Adresimi IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Puna me fibrat<\/h2>\n<p>\nM\u00eb lart\u00eb paraqita skem\u00ebn e synuar n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn duhet t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb. P\u00ebr realizimin e saj nevojitet numri n\u00eb vijim i lidhjeve p\u00ebr pajisjet:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/uj\/ru\/dd\/ujrudd7kazutmqdo9vqzzj_nmyg.png\">numri i lidhjeve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 duket nga tabela, numri minimal i fibrave i k\u00ebrkuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e niveleve t\u00eb rrjetit (moduli themelor, qendra t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash dhe shp\u00ebrndarjet n\u00eb 2 nd\u00ebrtesa) \u2014 10 cop\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb faz\u00ebn e karakterizimit t\u00eb rrjetit, zbuluam se n\u00eb kabllon mes nd\u00ebrtesave kishte vet\u00ebm 8 fibra. \u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb?<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00eb paraqes disa zgjidhje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hapi i par\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i fibrave t\u00eb lira n\u00eb kabllon mes nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs 1 \u2014 nd\u00ebrtimi 1 dhe nd\u00ebrtimi 1- nd\u00ebrtimi 2 (si\u00e7 duket nga tabela \u2014 vet\u00ebm 2 nga 8 fibrat p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb \u00e7do kabllo). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, mjafton t\u00eb vendosen krosistat optike mes krosave n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebn 1 dhe, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren module SFP me buxhetin optik t\u00eb rezervuar.<\/li>\n<li>Hapi i dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur teknologjin\u00eb CWDM - ngjeshja e val\u00ebve mbajt\u00ebse brenda nj\u00eb fibri. Kjo teknologji \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e lir\u00eb se DWMD dhe mjaft e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u implementuar. Kryesisht, k\u00ebrkesat i drejtohen cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb fibrave optike dhe transceiver\u00ebve SFP\/SFP+ t\u00eb caktuar gjat\u00eb dhe buxhetit. Si\u00e7 e kam th\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb artikullin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm - mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb switch-at t\u00eb njohin transceiver-t e prodhuesve t\u00eb tret\u00eb mund t\u00eb na leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb ul\u00eb shpenzimet kapitale p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e kabllove optike shtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Si hapin e tret\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb fibrave duke vendosur kabllo optike shtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb pas, ne shikojm\u00eb numrin e fibrave midis nd\u00ebrtesave ku jan\u00eb instaluar switch-at e shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe korpuseve shtes\u00eb 2-10. Edhe k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka kaq e qart\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>e para, ka munges\u00eb fibrash p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar skem\u00ebn ton\u00eb t\u00eb synuar - p\u00ebr \u00e7do switch 2 fibra (si\u00e7 e mbajm\u00eb mend, kemi kabllo me 4 O\u0412 p\u00ebr \u00e7do korpus)<\/li>\n<li>e dyta, madje edhe me numrin e duhur t\u00eb fibrave midis nd\u00ebrtesave, brenda korpuseve p\u00ebrdoren fibra MMF, t\u00eb cilat nuk na lejojn\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb lidhim fibrat SMF dhe MMF (po flas p\u00ebr distancat midis nd\u00ebrtesave mbi 300-400 metra)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb rastet e tilla, mund t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb variantet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sigurimi i \u00e7do switch-i me fibra SMF:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00ebse distanca e lejon - mund t\u00eb shtrijm\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb gjat\u00eb midis switch-eve. Dikur ne p\u00ebrdornim lidhje 30-50 m t\u00eb gjata.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb vendosim nj\u00eb kabllo optike SMF me kapacitet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl midis kabinet\u00ebve<\/li>\n<li>si mund\u00ebsi ekstreme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim konvertor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm SMF-MMF<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar fibrat e p\u00ebrdorura midis nd\u00ebrtesave, mund t\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebrdorim funksionalitetin e stack-imit t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb qasjes x440-G2 - duke p\u00ebrdorur nga 1 fiber SMF deri te \u00e7do switch n\u00eb kat, e cila do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e 3 fibrave dhe porteve n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 6 fibrave e porteve n\u00eb \u00e7do an\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nga 2 fibra p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur switch-in e par\u00eb n\u00eb deg\u00eb dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb fundit. T\u00eb agregojm\u00eb lidhjet n\u00eb switch-at kufitar\u00eb t\u00eb aksesit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim protokollet STP n\u00eb unaz\u00ebn e krijuar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Adresimi IP<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u00ebtu do t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb llogaritje t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb adresimit p\u00ebr skem\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Aktualisht, kemi disa rrjete B klase \u2014 172.16.0.0\/16. Kur llogaris hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e adresave IP, do t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqem nga k\u00ebto konsiderata:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4 bit\u00ebt e oktet\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat \u2014 172.16.0.0\/12.<\/li>\n<li>3 okteti do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb numrin e katit n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>3 oktet = 255 do t\u00eb rezervohen p\u00ebr lidhjet point-to-point t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe rrjetit t\u00eb menaxhimit.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN manaxhimi p\u00ebr kat p\u00ebr menaxhimin e switch-ave.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebrdoruesi p\u00ebr switch (n\u00eb mesatare 24 porte).<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN Voice p\u00ebr switch (n\u00eb mesatare 24 porte).<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebr sistemin e videov\u00ebzhgimit n\u00eb kat.<\/li>\n<li>nj\u00eb VLAN p\u00ebr pajisjet Wi-Fi n\u00eb kat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKam rezultuar me tabela t\u00eb tilla:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/38\/on\/b-\/38onb-zb_bxkqmlqumaun-njeok.png\">rrjeti 172.16.0.0\/14<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/jv\/bm\/bz\/jvbmbz6iubrckcf--cicerot_1y.png\">rrjeti 172.20.0.0\/14<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme kam paraqitur nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb rrjeteve sipas nd\u00ebrtesave dhe katit nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe rrjetet (p\u00ebrdorues, menaxhim dhe sh\u00ebrbim) nga ana tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, zgjedhja e rrjetit t\u00eb shkruar 172.16.0.0\/12 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e optimizuar, pasi na kufizon n\u00eb numrin e rrjeteve (nga 16 n\u00eb 31) p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesat, dhe megjithat\u00eb ka edhe zyrat e larg\u00ebta, t\u00eb cilave gjithashtu u nevojiten blloqe rrjetesh, ndoshta nj\u00eb opsion m\u00eb optimal do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrdorimi i rrjeteve 10.0.0.0\/8, ose p\u00ebrdorimi simultan i rrjeteve 172.16.0.0\/12 (p\u00ebr nevoja sh\u00ebrbimi dhe serverash) dhe 10.0.0.0\/8 (p\u00ebr rrjetet e p\u00ebrdoruesve).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, qasja n\u00eb ndarjen e rrjeteve IP \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu modulare dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebshirueshme t\u00eb respektohen rregullat e mbushjes s\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet summary n\u00eb nivelet e shp\u00ebrndarjes, si dhe n\u00eb routerat kufitar n\u00eb deg\u00ebt e larg\u00ebta. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr disa arsye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar tabelat e routing n\u00eb routerat<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar trafikun ndihm\u00ebs t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb routing (n\u00eb mesazhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb rast papashtje t\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira)<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsuar administrimin dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar lexueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e rrjeteve L3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMegjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr dy pik\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se kapacitetet e routerave modern jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se ato q\u00eb ishin 15-20 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe lejojn\u00eb mbajtjen n\u00eb memorien e tyre operativ t\u00eb tabelave m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb routing, po ashtu dhe raporti i \u00e7mimit me kapacitetin e kanaleve t\u00eb komunikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur krahasuar me \u00e7mimet e koh\u00ebs kur p\u00ebrdorimi i mas\u00eb i kanaleve E1\/T1 (G.703) ishte i zakonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n<p>\nMiq\u00ebs t\u00eb dashur, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb flas sa m\u00eb shkurt q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur mbi parimet kryesore t\u00eb projektimit t\u00eb rrjeteve kampus. Po, materiali doli mjaft i madh dhe kjo ndodh nd\u00ebrsa nuk kam p\u00ebrmendur tema si:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>organizimi i kufirit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb me switch-e, border-e, firewall, sisteme IPS\/IDS, DMZ, VPN dhe gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera)<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i rrjeteve Wi-Fi<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i rrjeteve VoIP<\/li>\n<li>organizimi i Qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave<\/li>\n<li>siguria (kjo gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e cila n\u00eb p\u00ebrmas\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkesa nuk i jep pas projektimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb past\u00ebr t\u00eb rrjetit, madje her\u00eb pas here e tejkalon at\u00eb)<\/li>\n<li>energjia<\/li>\n<li>lista mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, projektimi dhe nd\u00ebrtimi i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb mjaft e nd\u00ebrlikuar, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe resurse.<\/p>\n<p>Por shpresoj q\u00eb artikulli im do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel fillestar t\u00eb kuptoni se si t'i qaseni k\u00ebsaj detyre.<\/p>\n<p>Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak artikulli i fundit mbi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/katalog\/extreme\">Extreme Networks<\/a><\/noindex>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ndiqni p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/tssolution\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/tssolution.info\/\">Facebook<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/ts_solution\">VK<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tssolution.ru\/blog\">Blogu i Zgjidhjeve TS<\/a><\/noindex>)!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tssolution\/blog\/475332\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f! \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c Extreme \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Enterprise. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Etnterprise \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (ip-campus) \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd473. \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Extreme | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-16T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:35+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd473. Dizajni i rrjetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjes n\u00eb switch-e Extreme | ProHoster","description":"P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, miq!","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd473. \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Extreme | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f!","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/3-dizajn-seti-predpriyatiya-na-kommutatorah-extreme","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-11-16T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:00:35+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"52795","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 04:55:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:37:30","updated":"2026-01-24 04:55:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52795"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52795\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}