{"id":52898,"date":"2019-11-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/starlink-delo-krupnoe"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:43","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:43","slug":"starlink-delo-krupnoe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/starlink-delo-krupnoe","title":{"rendered":"Starlink \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e madhe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Starlink
\nKy kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull nga seria q\u00eb i kushtohet edukimit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e teknologjive kozmike<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Starlink<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 plani i SpaceX p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar internet p\u00ebrmes dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra satelit\u00ebve \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb tema kryesore n\u00eb median q\u00eb merret me hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn. \u00c7do jav\u00eb publikohen artikuj mbi arritjet m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit. N\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb, duke u njohur me raportet e Komisionit Federal t\u00eb Komunikimeve<\/a><\/noindex>, nj\u00eb person i mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb (le t\u00eb themi, sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtori juaj) mund t\u00eb gjej\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje. Megjithat\u00eb, me k\u00ebt\u00eb teknologji t\u00eb re ende kan\u00eb lidhje shum\u00eb keqkuptime, madje edhe mes komentuesve t\u00eb arsimuar. Shpeshher\u00eb ndodhin artikuj ku Starlink krahasohet me OneWeb dhe Kuiper (n\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve) sikur ata t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar qart\u00eb p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e planetit, th\u00ebrrasin p\u00ebr mbeturinat kozmike, t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn kozmike, standardet dhe sigurin\u00eb astronomike. Shpresoj q\u00eb pas leximit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli \u2014 si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i gjat\u00eb \u2014 lexuesi do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqafoj\u00eb iden\u00eb e Starlink.<\/p>\n

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\"Starlink<\/p>\n

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Artikulli i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex> papritmas preku nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme n\u00eb shpirtin e disa lexuesve t\u00eb mi t\u00eb pak\u00ebt. N\u00eb t\u00eb shpjegova se si Starship do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb SpaceX lider p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr hulumtime t\u00eb reja n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. Mesazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb se industria tradicionale e satelit\u00ebve nuk mund ta ndjek\u00eb SpaceX, e cila vazhdimisht po rrit kapacitetet dhe ul kostot e familjes s\u00eb raketave Falcon, duke e vendosur SpaceX n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozitat t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, ajo formoi nj\u00eb treg me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti, disa miliard\u00eb n\u00eb vit. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, shkaktonte nj\u00eb apetiti t\u00eb pakontrolluar p\u00ebr para \u2014 p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb rakete t\u00eb madhe, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn megjithat\u00eb, nuk ka pothuajse ask\u00ebnd p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Mars, dhe as pritje p\u00ebr fitim t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

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Zgjidhja e k\u00ebtij problemi \u00e7ift \u00ebsht\u00eb Starlink. Duke mbledhur dhe lan\u00e7uar satelit\u00ebt e saj, SpaceX mund t\u00eb krijonte dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonte nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr aksesin e lart\u00eb efektiv dhe demokratik n\u00eb komunikim p\u00ebrmes hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, duke siguruar nj\u00eb fluks t\u00eb financave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e raket\u00ebs, derisa ajo ende nuk e kishte fundosur kompanin\u00eb, dhe duke rritur vler\u00ebn e saj ekonomike n\u00eb triliona. Nuk duhet n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar shkalla e ambicieve t\u00eb Elonit. Ka shum\u00eb pak industri ku qarkullojn\u00eb triliona dollar\u00eb: energjia, transporti me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, komunikimi, IT, sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia, bujq\u00ebsia, qeveria, mbrojtja. Pavar\u00ebsisht besimeve t\u00eb zakonshme, gjeologjia kozmike<\/a><\/noindex>, ndryshimi i ujit n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> dhe panelet diellore kozmosi<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 biznesi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Elon hyri n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e energjis\u00eb me Tesla-n e tij, por nj\u00eb treg i sigurt dhe i volitsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr satelit\u00ebt dhe lansimet e raketave do t\u00eb sigurohet vet\u00ebm nga telekomunikacionet.<\/p>\n

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\"Starlink<\/p>\n

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Elon Musk e ktheu p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimin drejt hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs kur d\u00ebshiroi t\u00eb investonte pa shp\u00ebrblim 80 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mision p\u00ebr rritjen e bim\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb sond\u00eb marsiane. Nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb qyteti n\u00eb Mars do t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb, ndoshta, 100,000 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Starlink \u00ebsht\u00eb basti kryesor i Musk p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb det parash, kaq t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr sponsorizimin e nj\u00eb qyteti autonom n\u00eb Mars<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb?<\/h3>\n

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Un\u00eb e kam planifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm jav\u00ebn e kaluar munda t\u00eb krijoj nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb plot\u00eb. At\u00ebher\u00eb, presidenti i SpaceX, Gwynne Shotwell, i dha Rob Barron nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas u mbulua p\u00ebr CNBC n\u00eb nj\u00eb debat n\u00eb Twitter<\/a><\/noindex> Michael Schitz, dhe i kushtuan disa<\/a><\/noindex> artikull<\/a><\/noindex>. Kjo intervist\u00eb tregoi nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb qasjet ndaj komunikimit satelitor midis SpaceX dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

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Koncepci Starlink<\/a><\/noindex> lindi n\u00eb vitin 2012, kur n\u00eb SpaceX kuptuan q\u00eb klient\u00ebt e tyre \u2014 kryesisht, ofruesit e komunikimit satelitor \u2014 kishin rezerva t\u00eb m\u00ebdha parash. Qendrat e lanzimit i ngarkojn\u00eb \u00e7mimet p\u00ebr vendosjen e satelit\u00ebve dhe, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, si\u00e7 duket, humbasin nj\u00eb hap t\u00eb pun\u00ebs \u2014 si ka mund\u00ebsi? Elon \u00ebnd\u00ebrronte t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb grup satelit\u00ebsh p\u00ebr internetin dhe, duke mos mundur t'i rezistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb detyre pothuajse t\u00eb pamundur, filloi procesin. Zhvillimi i Starlink nuk erdhi pa v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi<\/a><\/noindex>, por fundin e k\u00ebtij artikulli ju, lexuesi im, me siguri do t\u00eb habiteni se sa t\u00eb vogla jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb k\u00ebto v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi \u2014 duke marr\u00eb parasysh shkall\u00ebn e ideve.<\/p>\n

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A \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet e nevojshme nj\u00eb grupim kaq i madh p\u00ebr internetin? Pse tani?<\/p>\n

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Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn time interneti, q\u00eb fillimisht ishte nj\u00eb mjet akademik, u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn revoluciona t\u00eb vetme dhe t\u00eb par\u00eb. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb tema p\u00ebr nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, por un\u00eb supozoi se nevoja globale p\u00ebr internet dhe t\u00eb ardhurat q\u00eb ai sjell do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb rriten me rreth 25% n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

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Sot t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne marrim internet nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl monopolesh gjeografikisht t\u00eb izoluara. N\u00eb SHBA, AT&T, Time Warner, Comcast dhe disa lojtar\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl ndan\u00eb territoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur konkurenc\u00ebn, duke k\u00ebrkuar \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet dhe duke u ushqyer me dritat e urrejtjes pothuajse universale.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr sjelljen jo konkurruese t\u00eb ofruesve ka nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb fort\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebrve\u00e7 lakmis\u00eb universale. T\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet infrastruktura p\u00ebr internetin \u2014 kullat e microval\u00ebve dhe fibra optike \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb harrohet natyra mahnit\u00ebse e internetit. Babi im filloi pun\u00ebn si operator n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, nd\u00ebrsa telegrafi at\u00ebher\u00eb garonte p\u00ebr rolin kryesor strategjik me p\u00ebllumbat postier\u00eb! P\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebr ne, superautostrada informative \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka etereal, jomateriale, megjithat\u00eb bit\u00ebt udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb fizike, ku ka kufij, lumenj, mali, oqeane, stuhish, katastrofa natyrore dhe pengesa t\u00eb tjera. Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1996, kur u vendos linja e par\u00eb optike p\u00ebrmes fundosjes s\u00eb oqeanit, Neal Stephenson shkroi nj\u00eb ese gjithp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse mbi turizmin kibernetik<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 «\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438». \u0417\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2000-\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e saj, kam punuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator optik dhe (n\u00ebse kujtesa nuk m\u00eb g\u00ebnjen) ne arrit\u00ebm nj\u00eb rekord t\u00eb asaj kohe duke e dh\u00ebn\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e transmetimit shum\u00ebfajsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 500 Gb\/sec. Kufizimet n\u00eb elektronik\u00eb lejonin ngarkimin e \u00e7do fibri n\u00eb 0.1% t\u00eb kapacitetit teorik t\u00eb kalimit. Pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, ne jemi gati t\u00eb tejkalojm\u00eb pragun: n\u00ebse transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave kalon at\u00eb prag, fibra do t\u00eb shkrihet, dhe ne jemi shum\u00eb af\u00ebr k\u00ebsaj.<\/p>\n

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Nd\u00ebrsa \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ngrisim fluxin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi tok\u00ebn e m\u00ebkatshme \u2014 n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, ku nj\u00eb satelit e rrethojn\u00eb \"topin\" 30.000 her\u00eb n\u00eb pes\u00eb vjet. Nj\u00eb zgjidhje q\u00eb duket e qart\u00eb \u2014 pse askush nuk u mor me t\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb?<\/p>\n

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Grupi i satelit\u00ebve Iridium, i zhvilluar dhe i vendosur n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1990 nga Motorola (a e mbani mend at\u00eb?), u b\u00eb rrjeti i par\u00eb global i komunikimit n\u00eb orbita t\u00eb ul\u00ebta (si\u00e7 tregohet me joshje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr<\/a><\/noindex>). N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur u vendos, kapaciteti i ngusht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rutuara paketa t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash nga ndjek\u00ebsit e aseteve ishte aplikimi i tij i vet\u00ebm: telefonat celular\u00eb ishin kaq t\u00eb lir\u00eb saq\u00eb telefonat satelitor\u00eb nuk e arrit\u00ebn kurr\u00eb suksesin. Iridium kishte 66 satelit\u00eb (plus disa rezerv\u00eb) n\u00eb 6 orbita \u2014 nj\u00eb grup minimal p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb planetin.<\/p>\n

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N\u00ebse Iridium i duhej 66 satelit\u00eb, pse SpaceX ka dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra? \u00c7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb kaq t\u00eb ndryshme?<\/p>\n

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SpaceX hyri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb biznes nga ana e kund\u00ebrt \u2014 filloi me lansime. U b\u00eb pionier n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ruajtjes s\u00eb raketave t\u00eb bart\u00ebsve dhe k\u00ebshtu mori tregun e platformave t\u00eb lansimit t\u00eb lira. P\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar ofert\u00ebn e tyre me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb sjellin shum\u00eb para, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar n\u00eb kapacitetin e tyre t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen klient\u00ebt e tyre. Shpenzimet e SpaceX p\u00ebr lansimin e satelit\u00ebve t\u00eb saj jan\u00eb nj\u00eb e dhjeta e shpenzimeve<\/a><\/noindex> (p\u00ebr 1 kg) t\u00eb Iridium, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb treg shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Shtrirja globale e Starlink do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb akses n\u00eb internet me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do cep t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, disponueshm\u00ebria e internetit do t\u00eb varet jo nga af\u00ebrsia e vendit apo qytetit ndaj linj\u00ebs s\u00eb fibrave optike, por nga past\u00ebrtia e qiellit mbi kok\u00eb. P\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn do t\u00eb ken\u00eb akses n\u00eb nj\u00eb internet global t\u00eb lir\u00eb nga lidhjet e qeverive t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb cilat ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb korruptuara ose t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruara. Aft\u00ebsia e Starlink p\u00ebr t\u00eb thyer k\u00ebto monopole katalizon ndryshime t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb n\u00eb fund do t\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb miliarda njer\u00ebz n\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi globale cibernetike t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb shpjegim i vog\u00ebl letrar: \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb?<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr ata q\u00eb po rriten sot, n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb universale, interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb si ajri q\u00eb ne frym\u00ebzojm\u00eb. Ai thjesht ekziston. Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00ebse harrojm\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb pabesueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndryshime pozitive \u2013 dhe ne jemi tashm\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb tyre. Me ndihm\u00ebn e internetit, njer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb hesap nga lider\u00ebt e tyre, t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb mendimet, t\u00eb shpiknin di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re. Interneti bashkon njer\u00ebzimin. Historia e modernizimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb historia e zhvillimit t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. S\u00eb pari \u2013 p\u00ebrmes fjalimeve dhe epic poemave. Pastaj \u2013 me shkrimin q\u00eb u jep z\u00eb t\u00eb vdekurve, dhe ata iu drejtohen t\u00eb gjall\u00ebve; shkrimi lejon ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur komunikimin asinkron. Shtypi i shkruar e vuri prodhimin e lajmeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb. Komunikimi elektronik \u2013 p\u00ebrshpejtoi transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave anemban\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Pajisjet personale p\u00ebr ruajtjen e sh\u00ebnimeve gradualisht u b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara, duke evoluar nga ditar\u00ebt n\u00eb telefon\u00ebt celular\u00eb, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kompjuter i lidhur me internetin, i mbushur me sensor\u00eb dhe q\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb parashikon gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb mir\u00eb nevojat tona.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor let\u00ebr dhe kompjuter n\u00eb procesin e njohjes, ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb shanse t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcej\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e nj\u00eb truri q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar mir\u00eb. Edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb g\u00ebzon fakti se telefonat celular\u00eb jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pajisje t\u00eb fuqishme p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, por edhe mekanizma p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e ideve. N\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, duke ndar\u00eb mendimet, mb\u00ebshteteshin n\u00eb fjal\u00ebn e shkruar q\u00eb ndihmon p\u00ebr t'i mbajtur mend, sot standard \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ditar\u00ebt vet\u00eb ndajn\u00eb idet\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb gjeneruar nga njer\u00ebzit. Schemi tradicionale ka p\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb inversion. Nj\u00eb vazhdimlogjik i procesit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb e metakognit\u00ebs kolektive, p\u00ebrmes pajisjeve personale, edhe m\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb integruara n\u00eb trurin ton\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> dhe t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Edhe n\u00ebse akoma ndjejm\u00eb nostalgji p\u00ebr lidhjen e humbur me natyr\u00ebn dhe vetmin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb se teknologjia dhe vet\u00ebm teknologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb \u00e7lirimit ton\u00eb nga ciklet \"natyrale\" t\u00eb paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb, vdekjes s\u00eb parakohshme (t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund ta shmangim), dhun\u00ebs, uris\u00eb dhe prishjes s\u00eb dh\u00ebmb\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

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Si?<\/h3>\n

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T\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr modelin e biznesit dhe arkitektur\u00ebn e projektit Starlink.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb Starlink t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrje fitimprur\u00ebse, fluksi i fondeve duhet t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb kostot e nd\u00ebrtimit dhe funksionimit. Tradita e investimeve k\u00ebrkon shpenzime fillestare t\u00eb larta, p\u00ebrdorimin e financimeve t\u00eb avancuara dhe mekanizmave sigurie \u2013 t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebr t\u00eb lan\u00e7uar nj\u00eb satelit. Nj\u00eb satelit komunikimi gjeostacionar mund t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb 500 milion dollar\u00eb, dhe montimi dhe lan\u00e7imi mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb 5 vjet. Prandaj, kompanit\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosin nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht avion\u00eb reaktiv\u00eb apo anije transporti. Shpenzime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, fluks fondesh q\u00eb mezi mbulon kostot e financimit, dhe nj\u00eb buxhet operativ relativisht t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. E n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, falimentimi fillestar i Iridium-it ishte se Motorola e detyroi operatorin t\u00eb paguante tarifa licencash shkat\u00ebrruese, duke falimentuar biznesin sapo pas disa muajve.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr t\u00eb operuar nj\u00eb biznes t\u00eb till\u00eb, kompanit\u00eb tradicionale t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve ishin t\u00eb detyruara t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin klient\u00eb privat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ngarkonin tarifa t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr transfertat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Airline, p\u00ebrpostet e larg\u00ebta, anijet, zonat e konfliktit dhe objektet ky\u00e7 t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs paguajn\u00eb rreth 5 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 MB, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 5000 her\u00eb m\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb se kostot e lidhjes tradicionale ADSL, dhe kjo, megjith\u00ebse ka vonesa n\u00eb transfert\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe nj\u00eb kapacitet relativisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb lidhjes satelitore.<\/p>\n

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Starlink planifikon t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb me ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve tok\u00ebsore, dhe prandaj, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe, idealisht, t\u00eb ngarkoj\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 1 dollar p\u00ebr 1 MB. A \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb? Ose, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, duhet t\u00eb pyesim: si \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur kjo?<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi i par\u00eb i recet\u00ebs s\u00eb re \u00ebsht\u00eb shkarkimi i lir\u00eb. Aktualisht, Falcon ofron lancimin e 24 ton\u00ebve p\u00ebr rreth 60 milion dollar\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 2500 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 kg. Megjithat\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kosto t\u00eb brendshme. Satelit\u00ebt Starlink do t\u00eb lansohet n\u00eb raketat e ricikluara, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kostoja marzhinale e nj\u00eb lan\u00e7imi \u00ebsht\u00eb kostoja e nj\u00eb niveli t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb ri (rreth 4 milion dollar\u00eb), obteklator\u00ebve (1 milion) dhe sh\u00ebrbimit tok\u00ebsor (~1 milion). N\u00eb total: diku rreth 100 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr satelit, dmth. m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lir\u00eb se lan\u00e7imi i nj\u00eb sateliti tradicional t\u00eb komunikimit.<\/p>\n

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Megjithat\u00eb, shumica e satelit\u00ebve Starlink do t\u00eb lansohet me Starship. E v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, evolucioni i Starlink, si\u00e7 tregojn\u00eb raportet e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuara n\u00eb FCC, jep disa informacione se si, me realizimin e ideve t\u00eb Starship, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar<\/a><\/noindex> arkitektura e brendshme e projektit. Numri total i satelit\u00ebve n\u00eb grupin e satelit\u00ebve u rrit nga 1,584 n\u00eb 2,825, pastaj n\u00eb 7,518 dhe, n\u00eb fund, n\u00eb 30,000. N\u00ebse besojm\u00eb n\u00eb grumbujt e bruto, numri \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma m\u00eb i lart\u00eb. Numri minimal i satelit\u00ebve p\u00ebr faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb ir\u00ebv\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb 60 copa n\u00eb 6 orbita (gjithsej 360), ndersa p\u00ebr mbulimin e plot\u00eb brenda 53 grad\u00ebve nga ekuatori k\u00ebrkohen 24 orbita me nga 60 satelit\u00eb (gjithsej 1,440). Kjo p\u00ebrfshin 24 lan\u00e7ime p\u00ebr Falcon p\u00ebr rreth 150 milion dollar\u00eb shpenzime t\u00eb brendshme. Starship, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb projektuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar deri n\u00eb 400 satelit\u00eb nj\u00eb her\u00eb, p\u00ebr p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn \u00e7mim. Satelit\u00ebt Starlink do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen \u00e7do 5 vjet, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb 6,000 satelit\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin 15 lan\u00e7ime Starship n\u00eb vit. Kjo do t\u00eb kushtonte rreth 100 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit, ose 15,000 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr satelit. \u00c7do satelit i l\u00ebshuar me Falcon peshon 227 kg; satelit\u00ebt e l\u00ebshuar me Starship mund t\u00eb peshojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 320 kg dhe t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb pajisje shtes\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj dhe duke mos e tejkaluar ngarkes\u00ebn e lejuar.<\/p>\n

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Cila \u00ebsht\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e kostove t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve? Midis koleg\u00ebve, satelit\u00ebt Starlink jan\u00eb disi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Atyre u jepet form\u00eb, ruhen dhe l\u00ebshohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb shesht\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhimin masiv. Si\u00e7 e tregon p\u00ebrvoja, kostoja e prodhimit duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht e barabart\u00eb me koston e lansimit. N\u00ebse dallimi n\u00eb \u00e7mim \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh, at\u00ebher\u00eb burimet shp\u00ebrndahen gabimisht, pasi ulja komplekse e kostove margjinale me uljen e shpenzimeve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e madhe. A \u00ebsht\u00eb reale q\u00eb t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb 100,000 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr satelit p\u00ebr partin\u00eb e par\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin disa qindra? Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, a \u00ebsht\u00eb sateliti Starlink n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje jo m\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar se nj\u00eb makin\u00eb?<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr t'iu p\u00ebrgjigjur plot\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtij pyetje, duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se pse kostoja e nj\u00eb sateliti orbital t\u00eb komunikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb, edhe pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar. N\u00ebse flasim shum\u00eb thjesht, p\u00ebrse \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e shtrenjt\u00eb \"metalostekniku\" hap\u00ebsinor? Ka shum\u00eb arsye p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, por arsyeja m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb: n\u00ebse lan\u00e7imi i nj\u00eb sateliti n\u00eb orbit\u00eb (para Falcon) kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 milion, ai duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb me siguri p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndonj\u00eb profit. T\u00eb sigurosh nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e produktit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i dhimbsh\u00ebm dhe mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb p\u00ebr vite, duke k\u00ebrkuar p\u00ebrpjekje nga qindra njer\u00ebz. Shtoni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shpenzimet, dhe tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb justifikoni proceset shtes\u00eb, q\u00eb tashm\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb lan\u00e7imin shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Starlink e shemb k\u00ebt\u00eb paradig\u00ebm, duke krijuar qindra satelit\u00eb, duke korrigjuar shpejt gabimet e hershme n\u00eb projektim dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur teknologji masive prodhimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar shpenzimet. Mua personalisht m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyroj nj\u00eb linj\u00eb prodhimi Starlink, ku nj\u00eb teknik integrohet n\u00eb konstrukcioni di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re dhe e lidh me nj\u00eb lidh\u00ebse plastike (n\u00eb nivelin e NASA-s, sigurisht) brenda nj\u00eb ose dy or\u00ebve, duke mbajtur nivelin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit n\u00eb 16 satelit\u00eb\/nj\u00eb dit\u00eb. Sateliti Starlink p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb komplekse, por nuk shoh arsyet pse p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi e mijt\u00eb, q\u00eb del nga linja e prodhimit, kostoja nuk mund t\u00eb ulet n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, n\u00eb maj Elon shkroi n\u00eb Twitter se kostoja e prodhimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sateliti tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb posht\u00eb koston e lan\u00e7imit.<\/p>\n

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T\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb rast mesatar dhe t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb koh\u00ebn e rikuperimit, duke e rroundeduar numrat. Nj\u00eb satelit Starlink, kostot e nd\u00ebrtimit dhe lansimit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb 100 mij\u00eb, punon p\u00ebr 5 vjet. A do ta rikuperoj\u00eb veten, dhe n\u00ebse po, sa shpejt?<\/p>\n

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Gjat\u00eb 5 vjet\u00ebve sateliti Starlink do t\u00eb rrotullohet rreth Tok\u00ebs 30,000 her\u00eb. N\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga k\u00ebto vit t\u00eb gjysm\u00eb or\u00ebs, ai do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs mbi oqean dhe, ndoshta, 100 sekonda mbi nj\u00eb qytet t\u00eb populluar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dritare t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr ai transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, duke nxituar t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb para. N\u00ebse supozojm\u00eb se antena mb\u00ebshtet 100 rrezet, dhe secila rrez\u00eb transmeton 100 Mb\/sec, duke p\u00ebrdorur kodimin modern si 4096QAM<\/a><\/noindex>, pra, sateliti gjeneron 1000 dollar\u00eb fitim p\u00ebr \u00e7do rreth \u2014 me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim abonimi prej 1 dollar p\u00ebr 1 GB. Kjo mjafton p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar kostot e vendosjes prej 100 mij\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh brenda nj\u00eb jave dhe ndihmon n\u00eb thjeshtimin e struktur\u00ebs kapitale. 29,900 rreth tjera jan\u00eb fitim, pas p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb shpenzimeve fikse.<\/p>\n

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Numrat e parashikuar mund t\u00eb varirojn\u00eb shum\u00eb, dhe jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim. Por n\u00eb \u00e7do rast, n\u00ebse je n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebsh n\u00eb orbit\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt nj\u00eb grupacion cil\u00ebsor satelit\u00ebsh p\u00ebr 100,000 \u2014 ose madje p\u00ebr 1 milion dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ofert\u00eb serioze. Edhe duke marr\u00eb parasysh koh\u00ebn e thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim, sateliti Starlink \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb transferoj\u00eb 30 PB t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij \u2014 me nj\u00eb kostum t\u00eb p\u00ebrllogaritur prej 0.003 dollar p\u00ebr 1 GB. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, kur d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb distanca m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta, shpenzimet marxhinale pothuajse nuk rriten.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij modeli, le t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb at\u00eb me dy modele t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave te konsumator\u00ebt: modelin tradicional \u2014 kabllin fibra optike, dhe grupimin satelitor t\u00eb ofruar nga nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb nuk specializohet n\u00eb lansimin e satelit\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

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SEA-WE-ME \u2014 nj\u00eb kabll interneti t\u00eb madh n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb lidh Franc\u00ebn me Singaporin, u aktivizua n\u00eb vitin 2005. Kapaciteti i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.28 Tb\/sec, dhe kostoja e vendosjes ishte 500 milion dollar\u00eb. N\u00ebse ajo do t\u00eb funksiononte p\u00ebr 10 vjet me 100% kapaciteti, dhe shpenzimet indirekte do t\u00eb ishin 100% e shpenzimeve kapitale, \u00e7mimi i transmetimit do t\u00eb ishte 0.02 dollar p\u00ebr 1 GB. Kabujt transatlantik\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr dhe pak m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb kabllin n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb entitet n\u00eb nj\u00eb zinxhir t\u00eb gjat\u00eb njer\u00ebzish q\u00eb duan para p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Vler\u00ebsimi mesatar p\u00ebr Starlink \u00ebsht\u00eb 8 her\u00eb m\u00eb i lir\u00eb, dhe ata kan\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Si \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur kjo? Sateliti Starlink p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb softuerin kompleks p\u00ebr komunikimin elektronik q\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr lidhjet e kabllit fibra optike, vet\u00ebm se p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb vakuum n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta dhe t\u00eb brishta. Transmetimi p\u00ebrmes hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs kozmike redukton numrin e monopolizimeve t\u00eb ngrohta dhe t\u00eb trimtuara, duke lejuar p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb lidhen me nj\u00eb sasi edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb \u201chekurit\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Krahasoni me zhvilluesin rival t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve OneWeb. OneWeb planifikon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull prej 600 satelit\u00ebsh, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t'i l\u00ebshoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ofruesve komercial\u00eb me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim prej rreth 20,000 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 kg. Pesha e nj\u00eb sateliti \u00ebsht\u00eb 150 kg, pra, n\u00eb nj\u00eb skenar ideal, l\u00ebshimi i nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsie do t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb rreth 3 milion\u00eb. Kostoja e \"harduerit\" satelitor vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb 1 milion p\u00ebr satelit, pra, deri n\u00eb vitin 2027, kostoja e gjith\u00eb grupit do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb 2.6 miliarde. Testet e kryera nga OneWeb treguan nj\u00eb kapacitet maksimal prej 50 Mb\/s, idealisht, p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn nga 16 deg\u00ebt. Duke ndjekur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin skem\u00eb si\u00e7 llogarit\u00ebm koston e Starlink, ne marrim: \u00e7do satelit OneWeb gjeneron 80 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr cik\u00ebl, dhe gjat\u00eb 5 viteve ai do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb 2.4 milion\u00eb \u2014 paksa p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar kostot e l\u00ebshimit, duke marr\u00eb parasysh gjithashtu transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb rajonet e larg\u00ebta. Ndryshe th\u00ebn\u00eb, ne kemi 1.70 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 GB.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi, cituam fjal\u00ebt e Gwynne Shotwell se Starlink thuhet se \u00ebsht\u00eb 17 her\u00eb m\u00eb i lir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb se OneWeb<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe kjo n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb \u00e7mim konkurrues prej 0.10 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 GB. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ende me konfigurimin fillestar t\u00eb Starlink: me nj\u00eb prodhim m\u00eb pak t\u00eb optimizuar, l\u00ebshimin n\u00eb Falcon dhe kufizime n\u00eb transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 dhe vet\u00ebm me mbulimin n\u00eb veriun e SHBA. Pra, duket se SpaceX ka nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb pakund\u00ebrshtuesh\u00ebm: ata tashm\u00eb mund t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb nj\u00eb satelit shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7mim (p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsin\u00eb) 15 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se konkurrent\u00ebt. Starship do ta rris\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb diferenc\u00eb 100 her\u00eb, n\u00ebse jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinohet se deri n\u00eb vitin 2027 SpaceX do t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb 30,000 satelit\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb pak se 1 miliard dollar\u00eb, shumica e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve do t\u00eb sigurohen nga buxheti i saj.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jam i sigurt se ka edhe analiza m\u00eb optimiste n\u00eb lidhje me OneWeb dhe zhvilluesit e tjer\u00eb premtues t\u00eb grumbujve satelitor\u00eb, por shtylla e tyre nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr mua.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi, Morgan Stanley llogariti<\/a><\/noindex>, se satelit\u00ebt Starlink do t\u00eb kushtojn\u00eb 1 milion p\u00ebr montim dhe 830,000 p\u00ebr l\u00ebshim. Gwynne Shotwell, u p\u00ebrgjigj: ai tha se \"kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebshim t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb madh\"<\/a><\/noindex>. E \u00e7uditshme, q\u00eb numrat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me llogaritjet tona n\u00eb lidhje me kostot e OneWeb, dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt, 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se vler\u00ebsimi fillestar i Starlink. P\u00ebrdorimi i Starship dhe prodhimi industrial i satelit\u00ebve mund ta ulin kostot e lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve n\u00eb rreth 35,000 p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsit\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ka mbetur pika e fundit - t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb fitimin p\u00ebr 1 W energji diellore q\u00eb gjenerohet p\u00ebr Starlink. Sipas fotografive n\u00eb faqen e tyre, paneli diellor i \u00e7do sateliti ka nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej rreth 60 m\u00b2, dmth. mesatarisht gjeneron rreth 3 kW ose 4,5 kW\/h p\u00ebr orbit\u00eb. Sipas nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt, \u00e7do orbit\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb 1000 dollar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa \u00e7do satelit gjeneron rreth 220 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr kW\/h. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb 10,000 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7mimi me shumic\u00eb i energjis\u00eb diellore, q\u00eb konfirmon s\u00ebrish: t\u00eb prodhosh energji diellore n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrje e d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar<\/a><\/noindex>. Nd\u00ebrsa modulimi i mikroval\u00ebve p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kosto e shtuar e pap\u00ebrballueshme.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Arkitektura<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00eb seksionin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, un\u00eb paraqita n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb Starlink - si funksionon ajo me densitetin shum\u00eb t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb planetit. Sateliti Starlink l\u00ebshon rreze t\u00eb fokusuara, t\u00eb cilat formojn\u00eb pika n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e planetit. Abonent\u00ebt brenda pik\u00ebs ndajn\u00eb nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Dimensionet e pik\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohen nga fizika themelore: fillimisht gjer\u00ebsia e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb (lart\u00ebsia e satelitit x gjat\u00ebsi e mikroval\u00ebs \/ diametri i anten\u00ebs), q\u00eb p\u00ebr satelitin Starlink, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb disa kilometra.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e qyteteve, densiteti i popullsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 1000 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2, edhe pse n\u00eb disa vende mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb. N\u00eb disa zona t\u00eb Tokios ose n\u00eb Manhattan, nj\u00eb pik\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100,000 njer\u00ebz. Fatmir\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb \u00e7do qytet t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb populluar ka nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm konkurrues p\u00ebr internetin me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendur nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb zhvilluar t\u00eb telefonave celular\u00eb. Por, si\u00e7 do t\u00eb ishte, n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb caktuar, n\u00eb qiellin e qytetit ndodhen shum\u00eb satelit\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi, kapaciteti mund t\u00eb rritet duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e antenave, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarja e frekuencave. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, dhjet\u00ebra satelit\u00eb mund t\u00eb fokusojn\u00eb rrezin m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin terminale tok\u00ebsore q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndanin k\u00ebrkesat midis satelit\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse n\u00eb fazat fillestare tregu m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet \u00ebsht\u00eb zona rurale, periferike ose t\u00eb larg\u00ebta, at\u00ebher\u00eb financimi p\u00ebr lan\u00e7imet e m\u00ebpasme do t\u00eb vij\u00eb nga sh\u00ebrbimet m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore p\u00ebr qytetet me popullsi t\u00eb madhe. Skenari \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht i kund\u00ebrt me skem\u00ebn standarde t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb tregut, ku sh\u00ebrbimet konkurrente t\u00eb orientuara drejt qyteteve patjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb fitimeve nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb zgjerohen drejt zonave m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra dhe m\u00eb pak t\u00eb populluara.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Disa vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, kur b\u00ebra disa llogaritje, kjo ishte harta m\u00eb e mir\u00eb e densitetit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mora t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga kjo imazh dhe p\u00ebrgatita 3 grafika t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme. I pari tregon frekuenc\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrfaqes tok\u00ebsore sipas densitetit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb. M\u00eb interesante \u00ebsht\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e Tok\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e populluar fare, nd\u00ebrsa pothuajse n\u00eb asnj\u00eb rajon nuk ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Grafiku i dyt\u00eb ilustron frekuenc\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve sipas densitetit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb. Dhe megjith\u00ebse nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e planetit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e populluar, shumica e njer\u00ebzve jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zona ku ka 100\u20131000 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2. Natyra e zgjeruar e k\u00ebtij piki (shum\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe) pasqyron bimodalitetin n\u00eb skemat e urbanizimit. 100 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2 p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb zon\u00eb rurale relativisht t\u00eb pak\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa numri prej 1000 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2 \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristik p\u00ebr periferit\u00eb. Qendrat e qyteteve leht\u00eb tregojn\u00eb 10,000 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2, nd\u00ebrsa popullsia e Manhatanit arrin deri n\u00eb 25,000 njer\u00ebz\/km\u00b2.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Grafiku i tret\u00eb tregon densitetin e popullsis\u00eb sipas gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb prej 20\u201340 grad\u00eb gjer\u00ebsie veriore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si ka ndodhur gjeografikisht dhe historikisht, pasi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e hemisfer\u00ebs jugore z\u00ebnd t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga oqeani. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb densitet i till\u00eb i popullsis\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb alarmante p\u00ebr arkitekt\u00ebt e grupimit, pasi n\u00eb t\u00eb dy hemisferat satelit\u00ebt kalojn\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, nj\u00eb satelit q\u00eb orbitohet rreth Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd, le t\u00eb themi, 50 grad\u00eb, do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr kufijve t\u00eb caktuar sipas gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse Starlink p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer veri t\u00eb SHBA k\u00ebrkon vet\u00ebm 6 orbita, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar ekuatorin jan\u00eb nevojitur 24.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, n\u00ebse e kombinojm\u00eb grafik\u00ebn e densitetit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb me grafik\u00ebn e densitetit t\u00eb grupeve satelitore, zgjedhja e orbiteve b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb. \u00c7do histogram\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb nga kat\u00ebr raportet e SpaceX n\u00eb FKS. M\u00eb duket se \u00e7do raport i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb plot\u00ebsim i raportit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, por n\u00eb \u00e7do rast, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebresh si satelit\u00ebt e shtuar rrisin kapacitetin mbi regjionet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse n\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebn veriore. Krahas k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb kapacitet i konsideruesh\u00ebm i pap\u00ebrdorur ruhet mbi hemisfer\u00ebn jugore \u2013 g\u00ebzo t\u00eb dashur Australi!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb ndodh me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrdoruesve kur ato arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb satelit? N\u00eb versionin e par\u00eb, sateliti Starlink menj\u00ebher\u00eb i transmetonte ato prapa n\u00eb nj\u00eb stacion t\u00eb dedikuar t\u00eb tok\u00ebs af\u00ebr zonave t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit. Kjo konfigurim quhet \"ri-transmetim i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb\". N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, satelit\u00ebt Starlink do t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb lidhen me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin p\u00ebrmes lazerit. N\u00eb kulmin e saj, shk\u00ebmbimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb zonat me popullat\u00eb t\u00eb dendur, por t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb rrjetin me lazer n\u00eb dy dimensione. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ekziston nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e madhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb komunikimi n\u00eb rrjetin e satelit\u00ebve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrdoruesve mund t\u00eb \"ri-transmetohen n\u00eb Tok\u00eb\" n\u00eb \u00e7do vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, m\u00eb duket se stacionet tok\u00ebsore t\u00eb SpaceX do t\u00eb kombinohen me nodat e shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb trafikut<\/a><\/noindex> jasht\u00eb qyteteve.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Duket se komunikimi satelit-satelit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb jo triviale, n\u00ebse satelit\u00ebt nuk l\u00ebvizin s\u00eb bashku. N\u00eb raportet m\u00eb t\u00eb reja n\u00eb FKS, raportohen 11 grupe orbitale t\u00eb shquara t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve. Brenda nj\u00eb grupi specifik, satelit\u00ebt l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn lart\u00ebsi, me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin k\u00ebnd, me ekscentrik\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se lazer\u00ebt mund t'i gjejn\u00eb satelit\u00ebt n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi relativisht leht\u00eb. Por shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb e af\u00ebrsis\u00eb mes grupeve mat\u00ebn n\u00eb km\/s, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb komunikimi mes grupeve, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur, duhet t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve mikrovave t\u00eb shkurtra, me menaxhim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Topologjia e grupeve orbitale \u00ebsht\u00eb si teoria korpuskulare-valore e drit\u00ebs dhe nuk ka shum\u00eb lidhje me shembullin ton\u00eb, por, sipas meje, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mrekullueshme, prandaj e p\u00ebrfshiva n\u00eb artikull. N\u00ebse ky seksion nuk ju intereson, kaloni direkt te \"Kufizimet e fizik\u00ebs themelore\".<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tori \u2013 ose donut-i \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb objekt matematikor i p\u00ebrcaktuar nga dy rreze. N\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e torit, \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb vizatosh rrethe: paralelisht ose perpendicular ndaj form\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. P\u00ebr ju, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb interesante t\u00eb zbuloni se ekzistojn\u00eb dy familje t\u00eb tjera rrethesh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb vizatohen n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e torit, dhe t\u00eb dyja kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes vrim\u00ebs n\u00eb qend\u00ebr dhe rreth p\u00ebrmbajtjes. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura si \"rrethe Vallarso\"<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe un\u00eb e p\u00ebrdora k\u00ebt\u00eb konstruksion kur n\u00eb vitin 2015 projektoja toridin p\u00ebr ngarkes\u00ebn Tesla \"Njeriu q\u00eb digjet\".<\/p>\n

\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Dhe megjith\u00ebse orbitat e satelit\u00ebve jan\u00eb, strikte, elipsesh dhe jo rrethe, e nj\u00ebjta konstruktione \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme edhe n\u00eb rastin e Starlink. Grupi prej 4500 satelit\u00ebsh n\u00eb disa plane orbitale, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00ebn nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd, formojn\u00eb mbi sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs nj\u00eb mas\u00eb q\u00eb l\u00ebviz vazhdimisht. Masa e orientuar drejt veri shp\u00ebrndahet mbi nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar gjer\u00ebsie dhe l\u00ebviz p\u00ebrs\u00ebri drejt jugut. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur p\u00ebrplasjet, orbitat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pak t\u00eb zgjatura, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb masa n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje drejt veri t\u00eb jet\u00eb disa kilometra m\u00eb lart (apo m\u00eb posht\u00eb) se ajo q\u00eb l\u00ebviz drejt jugut. S\u00eb bashku, k\u00ebto dy masa formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tor me form\u00eb t\u00eb fryr\u00eb, si\u00e7 ilustrohet m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb t\u00eb theksuar.<\/p>\n

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\"Starlink<\/p>\n

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Dua t\u00eb kujtoj se brenda k\u00ebtij tori, komunikimi realizohet midis satelit\u00ebve fqinj. N\u00eb rrafshin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, nuk ka lidhje t\u00eb drejta dhe t\u00eb vazhdueshme midis satelit\u00ebve n\u00eb plane t\u00eb ndryshme, pasi shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb e af\u00ebrsis\u00eb p\u00ebr drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00ebsi lazer jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta. Rruga e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis planeve, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, kalon mbi ose n\u00ebn torin.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb total prej 30,000 satelit\u00ebsh do t\u00eb pozicionohen n\u00eb 11 tori t\u00eb ngjitur, shum\u00eb larg nga orbita e ISS! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb ilustrohet se si jan\u00eb paketuar t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto masa, pa eksentrik\u00eb t\u00eb tepruar.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Starlink<\/p>\n

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Dhe, p\u00ebrfundimisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr lart\u00ebsin\u00eb optimale t\u00eb fluturimit. Ekziston nj\u00eb dilem\u00eb: nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi e ul\u00ebt q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb kapacitet m\u00eb t\u00eb madh me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl rrezesh, ose nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi e madhe \u2014 q\u00eb lejon mbulimin e gjith\u00eb planetit me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl satelit\u00ebsh? Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb raportet e FCC nga SpaceX \u00ebsht\u00eb folur p\u00ebr lart\u00ebsi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta, pasi, duke u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar, Starship e b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur vendosjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb grupeve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

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Lart\u00ebsia e ul\u00ebt ka edhe avantazhe t\u00eb tjera, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb rrezikun e zvog\u00ebluar t\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjeve me mbetjet hap\u00ebsinore ose pasojat negative t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb pajisjeve. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs atmosferike m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, satelit\u00ebt Starlink, t\u00eb vendosur m\u00eb posht\u00eb (330 km), do t\u00eb digjen brenda disa jav\u00ebsh pas humbjes s\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb orientimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, 300 km \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn satelit\u00ebt pothuajse nuk fluturojn\u00eb, dhe mbajtja e lart\u00ebsis\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb motor elektrik raket\u00eb Krypton t\u00eb integruar, ashtu si\u00e7 do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte edhe nj\u00eb form\u00eb aerodinamike. Teorikisht, nj\u00eb satelit me nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb, mbi motorin elektrik raket\u00eb, mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb stabilisht lart\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb 160 km, por pak gjasa \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb SpaceX t\u00eb nis\u00eb satelit\u00eb kaq ul\u00ebt, pasi ka ende disa truk\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur kapacitetin.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kufizimet e fizik\u00ebs bazike<\/h3>\n

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Duket e pakapshme q\u00eb \u00e7mimet e vendosjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb sateliti t\u00eb bien ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00ebn 35 mij\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse prodhimi do t\u00eb ishte i avancuar dhe plot\u00ebsisht i automatizuar, dhe anijet Starship do t\u00eb ishin plot\u00ebsisht shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimtare, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ende nuk dihet se cilat kufizime do t\u00eb ndodhte me satelitin fizikisht. Analiza e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme sugjeron nj\u00eb kapacitet maksimal prej 80 Gbps. (n\u00ebse e rrumbullakojm\u00eb n\u00eb 100 rreze, \u00e7do nj\u00ebra prej t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb transmetoj\u00eb 100 Mbps).<\/p>\n

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Kufi i kapacitetit t\u00eb kanalit \u00ebsht\u00eb i vendosur n\u00eb teorem\u00ebn Shannon-Hartley<\/a><\/noindex> dhe jepet n\u00eb statistikat p\u00ebr gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e band\u00ebs (1+SNR). Gjer\u00ebsia e band\u00ebs shpesh kufizohet nga spektri i disponuesh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex>, nd\u00ebrsa SNR \u00ebsht\u00eb energjia e disponueshme e satelitit, zhurma n\u00eb sfond dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjet n\u00eb kanal p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosperfekt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb antenave<\/a><\/noindex>. Nj\u00eb penges\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e dukshme \u00ebsht\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrpunimit. FPGA m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit Xilinx Ultrascale+ kan\u00eb kapacitetin GTM-seri deri n\u00eb 58 Gbps.<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pengesat aktuale t\u00eb kapacitetit informativ t\u00eb kanalit pa zhvillimin e ASIC-ve t\u00eb personalizuara. Por edhe at\u00ebher\u00eb 58 Gb\/sec. do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb konsiderueshme frekuencash, ndoshta n\u00eb brezat Ka ose V. V (40\u201375GHz) ka cikle m\u00eb t\u00eb arritshme, por \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj absorbimit nga atmosfera, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zona me lag\u00ebshti t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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A jan\u00eb praktik\u00eb 100 rreze? Kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje ka dy aspekte: gjer\u00ebsia e rrezes dhe dend\u00ebsia e elementit t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs antike fazore. Gjer\u00ebsia e rrezes p\u00ebrcaktohet nga vala e ndar\u00eb me diametrin e anten\u00ebs. Rrjeta antike fazore dixhitale mbetet ende nj\u00eb teknologji e specializuar, por dimensionet maksimale t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebrcaktohen nga gjer\u00ebsia e furmave t\u00eb shkrirjes<\/a><\/noindex> (rreth 1 m), dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i komunikimeve radiofrekuese do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb luks i shtrenjt\u00eb. Gjer\u00ebsia e val\u00ebs n\u00eb brezin Ka \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 1 cm, nd\u00ebrsa gjer\u00ebsia e rrezes duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 0,01 radians \u2014 me nj\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi spektri n\u00eb nivelin 50% t\u00eb amplitud\u00ebs. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se k\u00ebndi i rrezes \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 steradian (ngjash\u00ebm me kapacitetin e nj\u00eb lenteje 50 mm), at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb 2500 rreze individuale do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb mjaftueshme. Lineariteti n\u00ebnkupton se 2500 rreze do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2500 elemente antene brenda rrjet\u00ebs, \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb parim e realizueshme, ndon\u00ebse e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u realizuar. Dhe gjithashtu, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto do t\u00eb nxehen shum\u00eb!<\/p>\n

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Plot 2500 kanale, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mb\u00ebshtet 58 Gb\/sec., p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb volum t\u00eb madh informacioni \u2014 n\u00ebse llogaritet p\u00ebr m\u00eb s\u00eb paku 145 Tb\/sec. P\u00ebr krahasim, e gjith\u00eb trafiku i internetit n\u00eb vitin 2020 pritej t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb mesataren 640 Tb\/sec.<\/a><\/noindex>. Lajme t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb brezit t\u00eb internetit satelitor. N\u00ebse grupi i 30,000 satelit\u00ebve fillon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 2026, trafiku global i internetit potencialisht do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb 800 Tb\/sec. N\u00ebse gjysma e k\u00ebtij volume do t\u00eb ofrohet nga ~500 satelit\u00eb mbi zona me dend\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb caktuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb kapaciteti maksimal p\u00ebr \u00e7do satelit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rreth 800 Gb\/sec, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se llogaritjet tona fillestare, dmth. potenciali i t\u00eb ardhurave mund t\u00eb rritet 10 her\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr nj\u00eb satelit n\u00eb orbit\u00ebn 330 kilometrike, nj\u00eb rrez\u00eb prej 0,01 radiandash mbulon nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 10 km\u00b2. N\u00eb zona t\u00eb dendura si Manhattani, deri n\u00eb 300,000 njer\u00ebz mund t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Dhe n\u00ebse ata t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendosin t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb Netflix (7 Mb\/s n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb HD)? K\u00ebrkesa totale p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebna do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 2000 GB\/s, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 35 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kufizimi aktual i rrept\u00eb i vendosur nga nd\u00ebrfaqja FPGA e daljes sekondare. Ka dy m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga kjo situat\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fizikisht e mundur.<\/p>\n

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E para \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni n\u00eb orbit\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb satelit\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 35 mbi zonat e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb. N\u00ebse marrim p\u00ebrs\u00ebri 1 sterad p\u00ebr nj\u00eb seksion t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb qiellit dhe nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi mesatare orbitale prej 400 km, arrijm\u00eb nj\u00eb densitet grupimi prej 0,0002\/km\u00b2, ose 100,000 gjithsej \u2014 n\u00ebse i shp\u00ebrndajm\u00eb ato baraz mbi t\u00eb gjitha sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs. Kujtojm\u00eb se orbitat e zgjedhura nga SpaceX rrisin ndjesh\u00ebm densitetin e mbulimit mbi zonat e populluara brenda 20\u201340 grad\u00ebve t\u00eb latit verior, dhe numri prej 30,000 satelit\u00ebsh duket magjik.<\/p>\n

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Ideja e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb emocionuese, por, me sa duket, e pamundur. Kujtojm\u00eb se gjer\u00ebsia e rrez\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohet nga gjer\u00ebsia e gril\u00ebs s\u00eb antenave t\u00eb fazuara. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse shum\u00eb grila n\u00eb disa satelit\u00eb do t\u00eb bashkonin fuqit\u00eb, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rreze m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb \u2014 pik\u00ebrisht si teleskop\u00ebt radiografik\u00eb si VLA<\/a><\/noindex> (sistemi i antenave shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha)? Ky metod\u00eb ka nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi: baza midis satelit\u00ebve duhet t\u00eb llogaritet me precizitet \u2014 deri n\u00eb sub-milimetrik \u2014 p\u00ebr t\u00eb stabilizuar faz\u00ebn e rrez\u00ebs. Edhe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte e mundur, rrezja e prodhuar me siguri nuk do t\u00eb mban\u00eb bishtat an\u00ebsor\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb densitetit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb grupimit t\u00eb satelit\u00ebve n\u00eb qiell. N\u00eb tok\u00eb gjer\u00ebsia e rrez\u00ebs do t\u00eb ngushtohej n\u00eb disa milimetra (mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur nj\u00eb anten\u00eb telefoni celular), por do t\u00eb kishte miliona prej tyre \u2014 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nulit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebm. Faleminderit mallkimit t\u00eb gril\u00ebs s\u00eb antenave t\u00eb holluara<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

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Duket se ndarja e kanaleve p\u00ebrmes shp\u00ebrndarjes k\u00ebndore \u2014 pasi satelit\u00ebt jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb qiell \u2014 ofron p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb mjaftueshme n\u00eb kapacitetin e transmetimit pa shkelur ligjet e fizik\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebrdorimi<\/h3>\n

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Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb profili i klientit t\u00eb Starlink? Normalisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb qindra miliona p\u00ebrdorues q\u00eb kan\u00eb antena madh\u00ebsie si nj\u00eb kuti pice n\u00eb \u00e7atit\u00eb e sht\u00ebpive t\u00eb tyre, por ka edhe burime t\u00eb tjera me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

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\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043e\u0442 IoT asset tracker’\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb ambjente t\u00eb dendura urbane, Starlink do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet transporti primar dhe rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin celular. Nj\u00eb stacion tok\u00ebsor me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb mund t\u00eb instalohet n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7do kanali celular, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren burime t\u00eb tok\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar dhe transmetuar p\u00ebrmes \"miljes s\u00eb fundit\".<\/p>\n

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Dhe s\u00eb fundmi, madje edhe n\u00eb zona t\u00eb mbushura me njer\u00ebz gjat\u00eb lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb par\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebrdorimi p\u00ebr satelit\u00ebt n\u00eb orbit\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt me vones\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht minimale. Kompanit\u00eb financiare po ju ofrojn\u00eb shum\u00eb para \u2014 vet\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb merrni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jet\u00ebsore nga \u00e7do cep i bot\u00ebs pak m\u00eb shpejt. Edhe n\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrmes Starlink duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb se e zakonshmja \u2014 p\u00ebrmes hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, shpejt\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb drit\u00ebs n\u00eb vakum \u00ebsht\u00eb 50% m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se n\u00eb xhamin kuarc, dhe kjo e justifikon me tep\u00ebr diferenc\u00ebn gjat\u00eb transmetimit n\u00eb distanca m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

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Pasojat negative<\/h3>\n

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N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion t\u00eb fundit flitet p\u00ebr pasojat negative. Q\u00ebllimi i artikullit \u00ebsht\u00eb t'ju \u00e7liroj\u00eb nga keqkuptimet lidhur me projektin, nd\u00ebrsa pasojat negative t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb diskutimeve shkaktojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim. Do t\u00eb jap disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, duke u p\u00ebrmbajtur nga interpretimet e tep\u00ebrta. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk jam nj\u00eb e parashikues, dhe nuk kam asnj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm nga SpaceX.<\/p>\n

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Pashembi, sipas mendimit tim, pasojat m\u00eb serioze vijn\u00eb nga rritja e aksesit n\u00eb internet. Edhe n\u00eb Pasadena time, nj\u00eb qytet i gjall\u00eb dhe teknologjikisht i zhvilluar me nj\u00eb milion banor\u00eb, ku ndodhen disa observator\u00eb, nj\u00eb universitet t\u00eb klasit bot\u00ebror dhe qendra m\u00eb e madhe e NASA-s, zgjedhja kur vjen puna te sh\u00ebrbimet e internetit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e kufizuar. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Sh.B.A.-n\u00eb dhe pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb qira dhe ofruesit thjesht d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb 50 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb muaj n\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient t\u00eb rehatsh\u00ebm e konkurrues. Edhe pse \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb ofrohet n\u00eb apartamente dhe sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim komunal, cil\u00ebsia e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb internetit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e pap\u00ebrsosur se ajo e ujit, elektricitetit apo gazit.<\/p>\n

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Problemi me status quo-n\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se, ndryshe nga uji, elektriciteti apo gazi, interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i ri dhe po zhvillohet shpejt. Ne vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb aplikime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Revolucioni m\u00eb i madh ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar, por planet nga paketat e sh\u00ebrbimit po shtypin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e konkurrenc\u00ebs dhe inovacioneve. Miliarda njer\u00ebz mbeten jasht\u00eb revolucionit digjital<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rrethanave t\u00eb lindjes, ose sepse vendi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb larg arterieve t\u00eb kabllove n\u00ebnujor\u00eb. N\u00eb rajonet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb planetit, interneti vazhdon t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nga satelit\u00eb gjeostacionar\u00eb, me \u00e7mime rr\u00ebnuese.<\/p>\n

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Starlink, i cili vazhdon t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb internet nga qielli, po e thyeb k\u00ebt\u00eb model. Deri tani, nuk kam njohur ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur miliarda njer\u00ebz n\u00eb internet. SpaceX \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb ofrues interneti dhe, potencialisht, nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb do t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb me Google dhe Facebook. Mund t\u00eb jem i sigurt se nuk keni menduar kurr\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Fakti q\u00eb interneti satelitor \u00ebsht\u00eb opsioni m\u00eb i mir\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm. SpaceX dhe vet\u00ebm SpaceX \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pozita p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar shpejt nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb gjer\u00eb satelit\u00ebsh, pasi ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb thyer monopolin qeveritar-ushtarak n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e anijeve kozmike. Edhe n\u00ebse Iridium do t\u00eb kishte kaluar tregun e telefonave celular\u00eb me dhjet\u00ebfish, ajo do t\u00eb kishte d\u00ebshtuar t\u00eb arrinte nj\u00eb aplikim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur platforma tradicionale t\u00eb l\u00ebshimit. Pa SpaceX dhe modelin e saj unik t\u00eb biznesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb interneti global satelitor thjesht nuk do t\u00eb ndodhte kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb goditje e madhe tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb bjer\u00eb mbi astronomin\u00eb. Pasi u lan\u00e7uan 60 satelit\u00ebt e par\u00eb Starlink, filloi nj\u00eb val\u00eb kritikash nga komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i astronomis\u00eb, se numri i shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb i satelit\u00ebve do t'u kufizoj\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb qiellin e nat\u00ebs. Ekziston nj\u00eb shprehje: midis astronom\u00ebve, ai me teleskopin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i njohur. Pa e tepruar, t\u00eb merresh me astronomin\u00eb n\u00eb epok\u00ebn moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe, duke p\u00ebrkujtuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb vazhdueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e analiz\u00ebs p\u00ebrball\u00eb ndotjes n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb drit\u00ebs dhe burimeve t\u00eb tjera zhurmash.<\/p>\n

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Astronomit i duhen sa m\u00eb pak mij\u00ebra satelit\u00eb t\u00eb ndritsh\u00ebm q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb fokus t\u00eb teleskopit. Sinqerisht, grupi i par\u00eb i Iridium kishte nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb keq p\u00ebr shkak se jepte \"ndri\u00e7ime\" p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb paneleve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb reflektuan drit\u00ebn e diellit n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Ka ndodhur q\u00eb ato t\u00eb arrinin ndri\u00e7imin e nj\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtes s\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb madje t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonin rast\u00ebsisht sensor\u00ebt e ndjesh\u00ebm astronomik\u00eb. Frikat q\u00eb Starlink do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb n\u00eb radiofrekuencat q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb radioastronomi nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pabaza.<\/p>\n

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N\u00ebse shkarkoni nj\u00eb aplikacion p\u00ebr ndjekjen e satelit\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb shihni dhjet\u00ebra satelit\u00eb q\u00eb fluturojn\u00eb n\u00eb qiellin e qart\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjes. Satelit\u00ebt duken pas per\u00ebndimit t\u00eb diellit dhe para agimit, por vet\u00ebm kur ndri\u00e7ohen nga rrezet e diellit. M\u00eb von\u00eb, gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, satelit\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb hijen e Tok\u00ebs. T\u00eb vogla, jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb larg\u00ebta, l\u00ebvizin shum\u00eb shpejt. Ka shanse q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb yll t\u00eb larg\u00ebt p\u00ebr m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb milisekond\u00eb, por mendoj se ta kap\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb telashe e madhe.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim i fort\u00eb p\u00ebr ndri\u00e7imin e qiellit lindi nga fakti se plani i satelit\u00ebve t\u00eb lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb par\u00eb ishte vendosur af\u00ebr terminatorit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nat\u00eb pas nate Evropa - dhe kjo ndodhi gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs - v\u00ebzhgoi nj\u00eb sken\u00eb epike, si\u00e7 fluturojn\u00eb satelit\u00ebt n\u00eb qiell gjat\u00eb agimit. M\u00eb pas, simulimet t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb raportet n\u00eb FKS treguan se satelit\u00ebt n\u00eb orbit\u00eb n\u00eb 1150 km do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm edhe pasi t\u00eb kalonin agimin astronomik. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, agimi kalon tre faza: civile, detare dhe astronomike - dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, kur dielli ndodhet n\u00eb 6, 12 dhe 18 grad\u00eb posht\u00eb vij\u00ebs horizontale p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb agimit astronomik, rrezet e diellit jan\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 650 km nga sip\u00ebrfaqja n\u00eb zenit, larg atmosfer\u00ebs dhe pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb orbit\u00ebs s\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Duke u bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga faqja Starlink<\/a><\/noindex>, mendoj se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb satelit\u00ebt do t\u00eb vendosen n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi n\u00ebn 600 km. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ata do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb agim, por jo pas mb\u00ebrritjes s\u00eb nat\u00ebs, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb ulte ndjesh\u00ebm pasojat potenciale p\u00ebr astronomin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Problemi i tret\u00eb - pleh i orbit\u00ebs. N\u00eb postimin e kaluar<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb tregova se satelit\u00ebt dhe plehu n\u00ebn 600 km do t\u00eb dalin nga orbita brenda disa viteve - p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtimit t\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebs, duke ulur shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e sindrom\u00ebs s\u00eb Kesslerit. SpaceX ndihen si t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb preokupuar me plehun, sikur nuk mendojn\u00eb fare p\u00ebr plehun kozmik. Po shoh detaje t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb Starlink, dhe m\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinoj nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur sasit\u00eb e plehut n\u00eb orbit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Satelit\u00ebt nxirren n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 350 km, pastaj me motor\u00ebt e integruar fluturojn\u00eb n\u00eb orbit\u00ebn e destinuar p\u00ebr ta. \u00c7do satelit q\u00eb nuk arrin t\u00eb dal\u00eb gjat\u00eb lan\u00e7imit do t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga orbita brenda disa jav\u00ebsh dhe nuk do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet diku tjet\u00ebr m\u00eb lart p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra vjet. Ky vendosje strategjikisht parashikon testimin e ardhjes s\u00eb lir\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, satelit\u00ebt Starlink jan\u00eb t\u00eb shesht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se, duke humbur kontrollin e lart\u00ebsis\u00eb, ata hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb shtresat e dendura t\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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Pak nj\u00eb pakic\u00eb di se SpaceX u b\u00eb pionier n\u00eb kozmokotaktik\u00eb duke filluar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb alternativa p\u00ebr lidhjen n\u00eb vend t\u00eb pajisjeve piroteknike. Praktikisht t\u00eb gjitha platformat\u00eb e l\u00ebshimeve p\u00ebrdorin pajisje piroteknike p\u00ebr dispan\u00eb, satelit\u00eb, mbulues dhe t\u00eb tjera, duke rritur k\u00ebshtu numrin potencial t\u00eb mbeturinave. Gjithashtu, SpaceX q\u00ebllimisht i heq nga orbita shkall\u00ebt e sip\u00ebrme, duke mos i lejuar ato t\u00eb enden n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, p\u00ebr t'u shk\u00ebrmoqur dhe p\u00ebr t'u d\u00ebmtuar n\u00eb mjedisin e ashp\u00ebr kozmik.<\/p>\n

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Dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, problemi i fundit q\u00eb d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb SpaceX t\u00eb zhdukte monologjin\u00eb ekzistuese n\u00eb internet, duke krijuar t\u00eb vet\u00ebn. N\u00eb ni\u015fen e saj, SpaceX tashm\u00eb ka monopolizuar lan\u00e7imet. Vet\u00ebm d\u00ebshira e qeverive konkurruese p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar qasje n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb nuk e lejon shkarkimin e raketave t\u00eb kushtueshme dhe t\u00eb vjetra, t\u00eb cilat shpesh mblidhen nga kontraktor\u00ebt monopolist\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtjes.<\/p>\n

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Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinosh se n\u00eb vitin 2030 SpaceX do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb 6000 satelit\u00eb t\u00eb vet \u00e7do vit, plus disa satelit\u00eb spiun\u00eb \u2014 q\u00eb t\u00eb kujtojn\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Satelit\u00ebt e lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb SpaceX do t\u00eb shesin \"hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisje\" p\u00ebr aparate t\u00eb jashtme. \u00c7do universitet q\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb kamer\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorshme n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb do t\u00eb mund ta nxjerr\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb orbit\u00eb, pa pasur nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb kostot p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb platforme kozmike t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. Me nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar dhe t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, Starlink tashm\u00eb lidhet me satelit\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa prodhuesit historik\u00eb po shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb harres\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb histori ka raste t\u00eb kompanive me vizion, t\u00eb cilat zuri nj\u00eb nishe kaq t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb treg sa emrat e tyre u b\u00ebn\u00eb terma t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm: Hoover, Westinghouse, Kleenex, Google, Frisbee, Xerox, Kodak, Motorola, IBM.<\/p>\n

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Problemi mund t\u00eb shfaqet kur nj\u00eb kompani pionier merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr praktikat anti-konkuruese p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur pjes\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb treg, ndon\u00ebse q\u00eb nga koha e presidentit Reagan, kjo shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e lejuar. SpaceX mund t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb monopolizmin e Starlink, duke detyruar zhvilluesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb grupeve satelitore t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb satelit\u00eb me raketat e vjetra sovjetike. Veprime t\u00eb ngjashme u nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn nga United Aircraft and Transportation company<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00eb bashku me ngjyrimin e \u00e7mimeve p\u00ebr transportin e posteve, e \u00e7oi at\u00eb n\u00eb kolaps n\u00eb vitin 1934. Fatmir\u00ebsisht, SpaceX ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb mos ruaj\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb monopol absolut mbi raketat e riciklueshme.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim edhe m\u00eb i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb se shp\u00ebrndarja e dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra satelit\u00ebve nga SpaceX n\u00eb orbit\u00ebn e ul\u00ebt mund t\u00eb projektohet si nj\u00eb kooptim i pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb kompani private, duke ndjekur p\u00ebrfitime personale, do t\u00eb grabit\u00eb n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme pozitat orbitale q\u00eb dikur ishin t\u00eb hapura p\u00ebr publikun dhe askush nuk i kishte z\u00ebn\u00eb. Dhe edhe pse inovacionet e SpaceX e kan\u00eb lejuar realisht t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb para n\u00eb vakuum, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e kapitalit intelektual t\u00eb SpaceX \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi miliarda dollar\u00eb t\u00eb alokuar nga buxheti p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkime.<\/p>\n

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Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ligje q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb financat e investimeve private, k\u00ebrkimeve dhe zhvillimeve. Pa k\u00ebt\u00eb mbrojtje, novator\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb financojn\u00eb projekte ambicioze apo do t\u00eb zhvendosen kompanit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb vende ku u sigurohet nj\u00eb mbrojtje e till\u00eb. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, publiku ka d\u00ebme, sepse nuk formohet fitim. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ligje q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb individ\u00ebt, pronar\u00ebt nominal\u00eb t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb qiellin \u2014 nga entitetet private q\u00eb orientohen drejt qiradh\u00ebnies, t\u00eb cilat aneksojn\u00eb dobin\u00eb publike. Asnj\u00ebra nga k\u00ebto nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb dhe as e mundshme. Zhvillimet e SpaceX ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shans p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb mes t\u00eb art\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb treg t\u00eb ri. Do ta kuptojm\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur kur maksimizojm\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e inovacioneve dhe krijimin e mir\u00ebqenies publike.<\/p>\n

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Mendimet p\u00ebrfundimtare<\/h3>\n

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Ky artikull e shkrova menj\u00ebher\u00eb sapo p\u00ebrfundova nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2014 p\u00ebr Starship<\/a><\/noindex>. Ishte nj\u00eb jav\u00eb e nxeht\u00eb. T\u00eb dyja Starship dhe Starlink \u2014 jan\u00eb teknologji revolucionare, q\u00eb po krijohen p\u00ebrball\u00eb syve tan\u00eb, n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb. N\u00ebse do ta shoh s\u00eb how\u00ebzohen nip\u00ebrit e mi, ata do t\u00eb \u00e9tonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga fakti q\u00eb un\u00eb kam qen\u00eb m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr se Starlink, e jo nga fakti q\u00eb gjat\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb sime nuk kishte celular\u00eb (objekte muzeu) apo internet t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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T\u00eb pasurit dhe ushtar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur prej koh\u00ebsh internetin satelitor, por nj\u00eb Starlink universal, p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb lir\u00eb pa Starship \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e pamundur.<\/p>\n

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Flitet p\u00ebr lan\u00e7imin prej nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb Starship, si nj\u00eb platform\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye interesante, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur pa Starlink.<\/p>\n

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Flitet p\u00ebrkozmosin e pilotuar prej nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, dhe n\u00ebse ju jeni \u2014 pilot i nj\u00eb avion luftarak, por gjithashtu dhe neurokirurg<\/a><\/noindex>, at\u00ebher\u00eb ju keni drit\u00ebn e gjelb\u00ebr. Me Starship dhe Starlink, eksplorimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs nga njeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb e ardhme e arritshme, e af\u00ebrt, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00eb larg nga pika orbitale deri te qytetet industriale n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e thell\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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