{"id":53039,"date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/lokalizatsiya-zvukov-kak-mozg-raspoznaet-istochniki-zvukov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:53","slug":"lokalizatsiya-zvukov-kak-mozg-raspoznaet-istochniki-zvukov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/lokalizatsiya-zvukov-kak-mozg-raspoznaet-istochniki-zvukov","title":{"rendered":"Lokalizimi i tingujve: si e njeh truri burimin e tingujve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Lokalizimi
\n
\nBota q\u00eb na rrethon \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur me informacion t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm q\u00eb truri yn\u00eb e p\u00ebrpunon vazhdimisht. Ai merr k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet organeve t\u00eb ndjenj\u00ebs, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb sinjaleve: syt\u00eb (shikimi), gjuha (shija), hunda (er\u00ebs), l\u00ebkura (prekja), aparati vestibular (ekuilibri, pozita n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb dhe ndjenja e pesh\u00ebs) dhe vesh\u00ebt (tinguj). Duke mbledhur sinjalet nga t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto organe, truri yn\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb mjedisit p\u00ebrreth. Por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha aspektet e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb sinjaleve t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr ne. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto mistere \u00ebsht\u00eb mekanizmi i lokalizimit t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb tingujve.<\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga laboratori i neuroinxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb folurit dhe d\u00ebgjimit (instituti teknologjik i New Jersey-t) propozuan nj\u00eb model t\u00eb ri t\u00eb procesit neurotik t\u00eb lokalizimit t\u00eb tingullit. Cilat jan\u00eb proceset q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb trurin ton\u00eb gjat\u00eb perceptimit t\u00eb tingullit, si e kupton truri yn\u00eb pozicionin e burimit t\u00eb tingullit dhe si mund t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb kjo k\u00ebrkim n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr defekteve t\u00eb d\u00ebgjimit. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga raporti i grupit t\u00eb hulumtimit. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e k\u00ebrkimit<\/h3>\n

\nInformacioni q\u00eb merr truri yn\u00eb nga organet e ndjenj\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri si nga burimi ashtu edhe nga p\u00ebrpunimi i tij. Disa sinjale paraqiten menj\u00ebher\u00eb para trurit ton\u00eb si informacione t\u00eb sakta, nd\u00ebrsa disa t\u00eb tjera k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb procese t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrpunimi. Th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, ne e ndjejm\u00eb prekje menj\u00ebher\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar nj\u00eb tingull, na duhet t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb se prej nga vjen. <\/p>\n

Baza e lokalizimit t\u00eb tingujve n\u00eb planin horizontal \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshimi nd\u00ebrmjet vesh\u00ebve*<\/i> diferenca n\u00eb koh\u00eb (ITD nga diferenca e koh\u00ebs nd\u00ebrmjet vesh\u00ebve<\/i>) e tingujve q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb vesh\u00ebt e d\u00ebgjuesit.<\/p>\n

Baza nd\u00ebrmjet vesh\u00ebve*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb distanca midis vesh\u00ebve.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb trurin ton\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e caktuar (oliv\u00eb e ep\u00ebrme mediale ose MBO) q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb proces. N\u00eb momentin e marrjes s\u00eb sinjalit akustik, n\u00eb MBO ndodh nj\u00eb transformim i ndryshimeve nd\u00ebrmjet vesh\u00ebve n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e reagimit t\u00eb neuroneve. Forma e kurbave t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sinjalit t\u00eb daljes nga MBO si funksion i ITD-s\u00eb i ngjan form\u00ebs s\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb korrelacionit t\u00eb hyrjeve p\u00ebr secilin vesh.<\/p>\n

Si m\u00ebnyra se si p\u00ebrpunohet dhe interpretohet informacioni n\u00eb MBO mbetet e paqart\u00eb, ekzistojn\u00eb disa teori shum\u00eb kontradiktore. Teoria m\u00eb e njohur dhe n\u00eb fakt klasike p\u00ebr lokalizimin e z\u00ebrit \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli i Jeffress-it (Lloyd A. Jeffress<\/i>). Ai bazohet n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e marked*<\/i> neuroneve-detektor\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj sinkronizueshm\u00ebris\u00eb binaurale t\u00eb sinjaleve neuronale nga \u00e7do vesh, me \u00e7do neuron q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb maksimalisht i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb caktuar ITD (1A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Principi i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb marked*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb q\u00eb shpjegon si nervat e ndrysh\u00ebm, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat principe fizike n\u00eb transmetimin e impulseve p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb akson\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre, jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb ndjenja t\u00eb ndryshme. Nervat struktralisht t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm mund t\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb p\u00ebrvoja sensore t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00ebse ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me neurone unike n\u00eb sistemin nervor qendror, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb dekodojn\u00eb sinjalet nervore t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Lokalizimi
\n Imazhi Nr. 1<\/i><\/p>\n

Ky model n\u00eb aspektin e llogaritjes \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me kodimin neuronal, i cili bazohet n\u00eb korrelacione t\u00eb pakufizuara midis z\u00ebra q\u00eb arijn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb dy vesh\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Po ashtu ekziston nj\u00eb model, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin supozohet se lokalizimi i z\u00ebrit mund t\u00eb modelohet bazuar n\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e reagimit t\u00eb popullatave t\u00eb caktuara neuronale nga hemisferat e ndryshme t\u00eb tru, dmth modeli i asimetris\u00eb nd\u00ebrhemisferike (1B<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb deri tani t\u00eb behej nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb e qart\u00eb se cila nga dy teorit\u00eb (modelet) ishte e sakt\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se secila prej tyre parashikon vargje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb lokalizimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit nga intensiteti i z\u00ebrit. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb studimin q\u00eb po shqyrtojm\u00eb sot, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb kombinojn\u00eb t\u00eb dyja modelet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar n\u00ebse perceptimi i z\u00ebrit bazohet n\u00eb kodimin neuronal ose n\u00eb dallimin e reagimit t\u00eb popullatave neuronale t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. U kryen disa eksperimente, ku mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb njer\u00ebz nga mosha 18 deri n\u00eb 27 vje\u00e7 (5 gra dhe 7 burra). Audiometria (matja e mpreht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb d\u00ebgjimit) e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve ishte 25 dB ose m\u00eb lart n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn nga 250 deri n\u00eb 8000 Hz. Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e eksperimenteve u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb akustike, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte instaluar nj\u00eb pajisje speciale, e kalibruar me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit duhej, pas d\u00ebgjimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjali z\u00ebri, t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb drejtimin nga i cili vjen ai.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e studimit<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar var\u00ebsin\u00eb laterizimit*<\/i> t\u00eb aktiviteteve cerebrale nga intensiteti i z\u00ebrit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj neuroneve t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mbi shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e reagimit t\u00eb neuroneve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn laminar t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb sypuhis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Lateraliteti*<\/b> \u2014 asimetri e gjysmave t\u00eb majt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb djatht\u00eb t\u00eb trupit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar var\u00ebsin\u00eb e lateralitetit t\u00eb aktivitetit cerebral nga shpejt\u00ebsia e reagimit t\u00eb popullatave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb neuroneve jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e aktivitetit t\u00eb dy g\u00ebzofeve t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb majmunit rhesus, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb llogaritur s\u00ebrish diferencat n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e neuroneve nga hemisferat e ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Modeli i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar t\u00eb neuroneve-detekues sugjeron se me zvog\u00eblimin e intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, lateraliteti i burimit t\u00eb perceptuar do t\u00eb afronte n\u00eb vlera mesatare, t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr raportin e tingujve t\u00eb qet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zhurmsh\u00ebm (1C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Modeli i asimetris\u00eb nd\u00ebrhemisferike, nga ana e tij, sugjeron se me uljen e intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit deri n\u00eb pragun e pothuajse t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm, lateraliteti i perceptuar do t\u00eb kalonte drejt vij\u00ebs mesatare (1D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb intensitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, supozohet se lateralizimi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb invarianti ndaj intensitetit (sh\u00ebnime n\u00eb 1C<\/b> dhe 1D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, analiza e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si intensiteti i z\u00ebrit ndikon n\u00eb drejtimin e perceptuar t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb proceseve q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb at\u00eb moment \u2014 neurone nga nj\u00eb zon\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme ose neurone nga hemisferat e ndryshme.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb evidente se aft\u00ebsia e njeriut p\u00ebr t\u00eb dalluar ITD mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit. Megjithat\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt deklarojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb interpretohen p\u00ebrfundimet e m\u00ebparshme q\u00eb lidhin ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb ndaj ITD dhe vler\u00ebsimin nga d\u00ebgjuesi t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb burimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit si funksion t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit. Disa studiues thon\u00eb se kur intensiteti i z\u00ebrit arrin pragun kufitar, lateraliteti i perceptuar i burimit zvog\u00eblohet. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, thon\u00eb se nuk ka ndikim t\u00eb intensitetit n\u00eb perceptim fare.<\/p>\n

Me d\u00ebshiron, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt \"but\u00ebsisht\" sugjerojn\u00eb se n\u00eb literatur\u00eb ka pak informacion n\u00eb lidhje me lidhjen nd\u00ebrmjet ITD, intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit dhe p\u00ebrcaktimin e drejtimit t\u00eb burimit t\u00eb tij. Ekzistojn\u00eb teori q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb lloj akshiozesh, t\u00eb pranueshme nga komuniteti shkencor. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur q\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtohen n\u00eb detaje t\u00eb gjitha teorit\u00eb, modelet dhe mekanizmat e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb perceptimit t\u00eb d\u00ebgjimit n\u00eb praktik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Eksperimenti i par\u00eb u zhvillua mbi baz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb paradigmes psikofizike, e cila leht\u00ebsoi studimin e lateralizimit bazuar n\u00eb ITD si funksion t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup prej dhjet\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsish t\u00eb d\u00ebgjimit normal.<\/p>\n

\"Lokalizimi
\nImazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Burimet e z\u00ebrit ishin t\u00eb konfigurura ve\u00e7mas p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb frekuencash, brenda t\u00eb cilave njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb identifikojn\u00eb ITD, pra nga 300 deri n\u00eb 1200 Hz (2A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u00e7do prov\u00eb, d\u00ebgjuesi duhej t\u00eb tregonte lateralitetin e supozuar, i matur si funksion i nivelit t\u00eb ndjenjave, n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e vlerave ITD nga 375 deri n\u00eb 375 ms. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar ndikimin e intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb model jo-linear i efektit t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier\u00eb (NMLE), i cili p\u00ebrfshinte si nj\u00eb intensitet t\u00eb fiksuar, ashtu edhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb z\u00ebrit.<\/p>\n

Grafiku 2B<\/b> demonstron lateralizimin e vler\u00ebsuar me zhurm\u00eb spektralisht t\u00eb shesht\u00eb n\u00eb dy intensitete z\u00ebri p\u00ebr nj\u00eb d\u00ebgjues p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues. Dhe grafiku 2C<\/b> tregon t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e pap\u00ebrpunuara (rrath\u00ebt) dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura me modelin NMLE (linjat) t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb d\u00ebgjuesve.<\/p>\n

\"Lokalizimi
\nTabella Nr. 1<\/i><\/p>\n

Tabela e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme tregon t\u00eb gjitha parametrat e NLME. \u00cbsht\u00eb e dukshme se lateraliteti i perceptuar rritej me rritjen e ITD, si\u00e7 e pritej nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt. Me uljen e intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, perceptimi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb devijonte n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme (shtesa n\u00eb grafikun 2C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto tendenca u mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn nga modeli NLME, i cili tregoi nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb ITD dhe intensitetit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb lateralitetit, duke konfirmuar modelin e dallimeve nd\u00ebrhemishe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ndikimi i vog\u00ebl n\u00eb lateralitetin e perceptuar kishte pragjet audiometrike mesatare t\u00eb ton\u00ebve t\u00eb past\u00ebr. Nd\u00ebrsa intensiteti i z\u00ebrit nuk kishte nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rezultatet e funksioneve psikometrike.<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i eksperimentit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb ishte t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohej se si rezultatet e marra n\u00eb eksperimentin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb ndryshonin duke marr\u00eb parasysh karakteristikat spektrale t\u00eb stimuluesve (tingujve). Nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar zhurm\u00ebn spektralizisht t\u00eb shesht\u00eb n\u00eb intensitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt tingulli p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga fakti se disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb spektrit mund t\u00eb mos d\u00ebgjohen, dhe kjo mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e drejtimit t\u00eb tingullit. Si rezultat, rezultatet e eksperimentit t\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb merren gabimisht si tregues se gjer\u00ebsia e pjes\u00ebs d\u00ebgjueshme t\u00eb spektrit mund t\u00eb pak\u00ebsohet me uljen e intensitetit t\u00eb tingullit. <\/p>\n

Prandaj u vendos t\u00eb kryhet nj\u00eb eksperiment tjet\u00ebr, por tashm\u00eb me aplikimin e zhurmave A-peshkuar*<\/i> zhurmave.<\/p>\n

A-peshkimi*<\/b> p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nivelet e tingullit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh volumin relativ, t\u00eb perceptuar nga veshi i njeriut, pasi veshi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj frekuencave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb tingullit. A-peshkimi realizohet p\u00ebrmes shtypjes matematikore t\u00eb nj\u00eb tabele vlerash, t\u00eb listuara n\u00eb banda oktavash, n\u00eb nivelet e matur t\u00eb presionit t\u00eb tingullit n\u00eb dB.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb grafik 2D<\/b> jan\u00eb paraqitur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e pap\u00ebrpunuara (rrethet) dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrshtatura sipas modelit NMLE (linjat) p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e eksperimentit. <\/p>\n

Analiza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave tregoi se kur t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e tingullit jan\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb d\u00ebgjueshme (si n\u00eb eksperimentin e par\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb dytin), perceptimi i lateralitetit dhe pjerr\u00ebsia n\u00eb grafik, q\u00eb ilustron ndryshimin e lateralitetit me ITD, pak\u00ebsohet me r\u00ebnien e intensitetit t\u00eb tingullit.<\/p>\n

Pra, rezultatet e eksperimentit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb konfirmuan rezultatet e t\u00eb parit. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb praktik\u00eb u tregua se modeli i propozuar nga Jeffress n\u00eb vitin 1948, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, lokalizimi i tingujve p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet me uljen e intensitetit t\u00eb tingullit, nd\u00ebrsa Jeffress mendonte se tingujt perceptoheshin dhe p\u00ebrpunoheshin nga njeriu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga intensiteti i tyre. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb nuancave t\u00eb hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nHipotezat teorike dhe eksperimentet praktike q\u00eb kan\u00eb konfirmuar ato kan\u00eb treguar se neuronet n\u00eb tru t\u00eb gjitar\u00ebve aktivizohen me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb sinjalit t\u00eb tingullit. M\u00eb pas, truri krahasohet k\u00ebto shpejt\u00ebsi midis t\u00eb gjitha neuroneve t\u00eb angazhuara n\u00eb proces p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb hart\u00eb dinamike t\u00eb mjedisit t\u00eb tingullit.<\/p>\n

Modeli Jeffersonit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i gabuar, pasi me t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur lokalizimi i burimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit te sivuhat. Po, p\u00ebr sivuhat intensiteti i z\u00ebrit nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, ata gjithsesi do ta p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb poziten e burimit t\u00eb tij. Megjithat\u00eb, ky model nuk funksionon me majmun\u00ebt rhesus, si\u00e7 treguan eksperimentet e m\u00ebparshme. Prandaj, ky model i Jeffersonit nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb lokalizimin e z\u00ebrit p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha krijesat e gjalla. <\/p>\n

Eksperimentet me pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzor\u00eb e konfirmuan edhe nj\u00ebher\u00eb se lokalizimi i z\u00ebrit ndodh ndryshe te organizma t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Shum\u00eb nga pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb sakt\u00eb poziten e burimeve t\u00eb sinjaleve akustike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb z\u00ebrit. <\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt besojn\u00eb se puna e tyre tregon nj\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebri t\u00eb caktuar mes m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs si shohim dhe si d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb. T\u00eb dy proceset jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e neuroneve n\u00eb zona t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trurit, si dhe me vler\u00ebsimin e k\u00ebsaj diference p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si pozitat e objekteve q\u00eb shohim n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb ashtu edhe pozitat e burimeve q\u00eb degjojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, studiuesit synojn\u00eb t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb seri eksperimenti p\u00ebr t\u00eb shqyrtuar m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje lidhjen midis d\u00ebgjimit dhe shikimit te njeriu, e cila do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se si truri yn\u00eb nd\u00ebrron dinamikisht hart\u00ebn e bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrreth nesh.<\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kurioz\u00eb dhe ju uroj nj\u00eb jav\u00eb t\u00eb mbar\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, ragazzi! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb po q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqen artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke rekomanduar tek miqt\u00eb tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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