{"id":53183,"date":"2019-11-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ot-blokchejna-k-dag-izbavlyaemsya-ot-posrednikov"},"modified":"2026-02-15T19:54:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T17:54:48","slug":"ot-blokchejna-k-dag-izbavlyaemsya-ot-posrednikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ot-blokchejna-k-dag-izbavlyaemsya-ot-posrednikov","title":{"rendered":"Nga blockchain n\u00eb DAG: heqim dor\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t'ju tregoj p\u00ebr DAG (Grafi Aykik Drejtuar) dhe aplikimin e tij n\u00eb regjistrat e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, dhe do ta krahasojm\u00eb at\u00eb me bllok\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nDAG nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e re n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kriptovalutave. Mund t\u00eb keni d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb si nj\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebr problemet e shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb bllok\u00e7in\u00ebve. Por sot do t\u00eb flasim jo p\u00ebr shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, por p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebn kriptovalutat t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta nga gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr: decentralizimi, mungesa e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsve dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria ndaj censur\u00ebs.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Nga
\n
\nGjithashtu do t'ju tregoj se DAG \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb m\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj censur\u00ebs dhe se nuk ka nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nN\u00eb bllok\u00e7in\u00ebt q\u00eb njohim, p\u00ebrdoruesit nuk kan\u00eb akses t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb vet\u00eb regjistrin. Kur d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb transaksion n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, ju duhet t\u00eb \"k\u00ebrkoni\" q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nga prodhuesi i bllokut (prodhuesi i bllokut, i njohur gjithashtu si \"minatori\"). Pikerisht minator\u00ebt vendosin se cil\u00ebn transaksion t\u00eb shtojn\u00eb n\u00eb bllokun tjet\u00ebr dhe cil\u00ebn jo. Vet\u00ebm minator\u00ebt kan\u00eb akses ekskluziv n\u00eb blloqe dhe t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur se \u00e7far\u00eb transaksioni t\u00eb pranohet p\u00ebr t'u shtuar n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Minator\u00ebt jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit q\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb midis jush dhe regjistrit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nN\u00eb praktik\u00eb, zakonisht nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i vog\u00ebl i pool-eve t\u00eb minator\u00ebve kontrollojn\u00eb kolektivisht m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e fuqive llogarit\u00ebse t\u00eb rrjetit. P\u00ebr bitcoin, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb kat\u00ebr pool-e, p\u00ebr Ethereum, dy. N\u00eb rast t\u00eb mir\u00ebkuptimit mes tyre, ata mund t\u00eb bllokojn\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nN\u00eb vitet e fundit, jan\u00eb propozuar shum\u00eb variacione t\u00eb bllok\u00e7in\u00ebve, t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb parimet e zgjedhjes s\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb bllokut. Por vet\u00eb prodhuesit e bllokut nuk kan\u00eb ikur askund, ata akoma \" q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb barrier\u00eb\": \u00e7do transaksion duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes prodhuesit t\u00eb bllokut, dhe n\u00ebse ai nuk e pranon, at\u00ebher\u00eb transaksioni, n\u00eb efekt, nuk ekziston.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i paevituesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rastin e bllok\u00e7in\u00ebve. Dhe n\u00ebse duam ta zgjidhim, ne duhet t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb radikalisht dizajnin dhe t\u00eb heqim dor\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht nga blloqet dhe prodhuesit e bllokut. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb zinxhir bllokesh, ne do t\u00eb lidhim vet\u00eb transaksionet, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion hash-e t\u00eb disa transaksioneve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme. Si rezultat, ne do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb, t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb matematik\u00eb si grafi i drejtuar dhe aicyklik - DAG.<\/p>\n

Tani tani ka nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, pa nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs. Kur d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb transaksion n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr \u2013 thjesht e shtoni at\u00eb. Zgjidhni disa transaksione prind\u00ebrore, shtoni t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tuaja, n\u00ebnshkruani dhe d\u00ebrgoni transaksionin tuaj n\u00eb rrjet. E gatshme. Nuk ka ask\u00ebnd q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ju pengoj\u00eb ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, prandaj transaksioni juaj \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e decentralizuar, m\u00eb e paprekshme ndaj censur\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar transaksione n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr pa nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs. Sepse \u00e7do kush q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron thjesht shton transaksionet e tij n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, pa k\u00ebrkuar leje nga askush.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nDAG mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si faza e tret\u00eb e evolucionit t\u00eb regjistrave. Fillimisht ishin regjistrat e centralizuar, ku nj\u00eb pal\u00eb kontrollonte qasjen n\u00eb to. M\u00eb pas erdh\u00ebn blockchain-et, ku tashm\u00eb kishte disa kontrollues q\u00eb regjistronin transaksionet n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr. Dhe, p\u00ebrfundimisht, n\u00eb DAG nuk ka asnj\u00eb kontrollues, p\u00ebrdoruesit shtojn\u00eb transaksionet e tyre drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt.<\/p>\n

\"Nga
\n
\nTani, kur kemi nj\u00eb liri t\u00eb till\u00eb, ajo nuk duhet t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb kaos. Ne duhet t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje mbi gjendjen e regjistrit. Dhe kjo marr\u00ebveshje, ose konsensusi, zakonisht do t\u00eb thot\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja mbi dy gj\u00ebra:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00c7far\u00eb ndodhi?\n<\/li>\n
  2. N\u00eb cil\u00ebn rend ndodhi kjo?\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nP\u00ebr pyetjen e par\u00eb, ne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi leht\u00eb: sa her\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb transaksion i krijuar si\u00e7 duhet \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, ai ka ndodhur. Pik\u00eb. Informacioni n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb te t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, por n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nodet do t\u00eb marrin k\u00ebt\u00eb transaksion dhe do t\u00eb din\u00eb q\u00eb ai ndodhi.<\/p>\n

    N\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb nj\u00eb blockchain, minator\u00ebt do t\u00eb vendosnin se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh. \u00c7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb minator vendos t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb n\u00eb bllok \u2013 ajo ndodh. \u00c7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb ai nuk e p\u00ebrfshin n\u00eb bllok \u2013 nuk ndodh.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb blockchain-e, minator\u00ebt gjithashtu zgjidhin problemin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb konsensusit: rendi. Ata kan\u00eb leje t\u00eb organizojn\u00eb transaksionet brenda bllokut si\u00e7 t\u00eb dojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Si mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet rendi i transaksioneve n\u00eb DAG?<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nVet\u00ebm sepse grafi yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i drejtuar, ne tashm\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb rend. \u00c7do transaksion lidhet me nj\u00eb ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb transaksione t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, prind\u00ebrore. Prind\u00ebrit, nga ana e tyre, lidhen me prind\u00ebrit e tyre, dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Prind\u00ebrit, natyrisht, shfaqen m\u00eb par\u00eb se transaksionet f\u00ebmij\u00eb. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb nga transaksionet mund t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve \"prind-f\u00ebmij\u00eb\", ne e dim\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht rendin midis transaksioneve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zinxhir transaksionesh.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nPor rendi midis transaksioneve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet vet\u00ebm nga forma e grafit. P\u00ebr shembull, kur dy transaksione ndodhin n\u00eb deg\u00eb paralele t\u00eb grafit.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nP\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur paqart\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, ne mb\u00ebshtetemi n\u00eb ata q\u00eb quhen provajz\u00eb t\u00eb rendit. Ne i quajm\u00eb gjithashtu \"d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb\". K\u00ebta jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, detyra e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb vazhdimisht transaksione n\u00eb rrjet duke respektuar rendin, pra q\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion i tyre i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve \"prind-f\u00ebmij\u00eb\". Provajz\u00ebt e rendit jan\u00eb     p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm<\/a>, dhe e gjith\u00eb rrjeti mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ata nuk do t\u00eb shkelin k\u00ebt\u00eb rregull. P\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme<\/b> , ne k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do provajz i rendit t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb person i njohur (jo anonim) ose nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ket\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb n\u00eb rast se shkel rregullat, p\u00ebr shembull, reputacionin ose nj\u00eb biznes i bazuar n\u00eb besim.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nProvajz\u00ebt e rendit zgjidhen nga p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe \u00e7do p\u00ebrdorues p\u00ebrfshin list\u00ebn e provajz\u00ebve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb besuar n\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion q\u00eb d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb rrjet. Kjo list\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 12 provajz\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr mjaft i vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb person t\u00eb mund t\u00eb verifikoj\u00eb identitetin dhe reputacionin e secilit prej tyre, dhe i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb rast t\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb pashmangshme me nj\u00eb pakic\u00eb provajz\u00ebsh rendi.<\/p>\n

    Kjo list\u00eb provajz\u00ebsh ndryshon nga p\u00ebrdoruesi n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues, por listat e transaksioneve fqinje mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb maksimumi me nj\u00eb provajz.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nTani, kur kemi provajz\u00ebt e rendit, ne mund t\u00eb ve\u00e7ojm\u00eb transaksionet e tyre n\u00eb DAG dhe t\u00eb rendisim t\u00eb gjitha transaksionet e tjera rreth rendit t\u00eb krijuar nga ata. Ekziston mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb algoritem t\u00eb till\u00eb (shih     Obyte White Paper<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr detajet teknike).<\/p>\n

    Por ndodhit\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb rrjetin nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb, na nevojitet koh\u00eb q\u00eb ofruesit e rendit t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb transaksioneve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t'u siguruar p\u00ebr rendin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb transaksioneve t\u00eb kaluar.<\/p>\n

    Dhe, p\u00ebrsa koh\u00eb q\u00eb rendi p\u00ebrcaktohet vet\u00ebm nga pozitat e transaksioneve t\u00eb ofruesve n\u00eb DAG, t\u00eb gjitha nyjat e rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment do t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb gjitha transaksionet dhe do t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me rendin e transaksioneve.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nPrandaj, kemi konsensus n\u00eb lidhje me at\u00eb q\u00eb e konsiderojm\u00eb t\u00eb ndodhur: \u00e7do transaksion q\u00eb ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb DAG \u00ebsht\u00eb ndodhur. Po ashtu kemi konsensus mbi rendin e ngjarjeve: kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ose e dukshme n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjeve prind-f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb transaksioneve, ose nxirret nga rendi i transaksioneve t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara nga ofruesit e rendit. Pra, kemi konsensus.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nKy lloj konsensusi e kemi n\u00eb Obyte. Megjith\u00ebse hyrja n\u00eb regjistrin Obyte \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e decentralizuar, konsensusi mbi rendin e transaksioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i centralizuar, pasi 10 nga 12 ofrues kontrollohen nga krijuesi (Anton Churyumov), dhe vet\u00ebm dy prej tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur. Ne po k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb kandidat\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen nj\u00eb nga ofruesit e pavarur t\u00eb rendit p\u00ebr t\u00eb na ndihmuar t\u00eb decentralizojm\u00eb vendosjen e rendit n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

    S\u00eb fundmi ka pasur nj\u00eb kandidat t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb vendos\u00eb dhe mbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje ofruesi rendi \u2013 Universiteti i Nikosis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nTani, si i kontrollojm\u00eb shpenzimet e dyfishta (double-spends)?<\/p>\n

    Sipas rregullave, kur zbulohen dy transaksione q\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn monedh\u00eb, transaksioni q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb para n\u00eb rendin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha transaksioneve fiton. Nd\u00ebrsa i dyti invalidizohet nga algoritmi i konsensusit.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \nN\u00eb rastin kur ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendoset rendi midis dy transaksioneve q\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb nj\u00eb monedh\u00eb (sip\u00ebr lidhjeve prind-f\u00ebmij\u00eb), t\u00eb gjitha nyjat menj\u00ebher\u00eb e refuzojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr shpenzim t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nN\u00eb rast se rendi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm nga lidhjet prindore midis dy transaksioneve t\u00eb tilla, t\u00eb dyja pranohet n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, dhe do t\u00eb na nevojitet t\u00eb presim konsensusin dhe vendosjen e rendit midis tyre nga ofruesit e rendit. At\u00ebher\u00eb fiton transaksioni m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrsa i dyti b\u00ebhet i pavlefsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nMegjith\u00ebse transaksioni i dyt\u00eb b\u00ebhet jo valid, ai vazhdon t\u00eb mbetet n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, pasi tashm\u00eb ka transaksione t\u00eb m\u00ebpasshme q\u00eb i referohen atij, t\u00eb cilat nuk kan\u00eb shkelur asgj\u00eb dhe nuk e din\u00eb se n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen ky transaksion do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet jo valid. Ndryshe, do t\u00eb na duhej t\u00eb fshinim prindin nga transaksionet e mira q\u00eb vijn\u00eb m\u00eb pas, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb shkelte parimin kryesor t\u00eb rrjetit - \u00e7do transaksion i sakt\u00eb pranohet n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rregull shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, q\u00eb i lejon gjith\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb jet\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb censur\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit e rendit hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"censuruar\" nj\u00eb transaksion t\u00eb caktuar. Ata mund ta injorojn\u00eb at\u00eb dhe kurr\u00eb t\u00eb mos e zgjidhin si \"prind\" p\u00ebr transaksionet e tyre, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme; ky transaksion ende mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte si prind i ndonj\u00eb transaksioni tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar nga \u00e7do p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb rrjetit q\u00eb nuk merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, ky transaksion do t\u00eb marr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, nip\u00ebr dhe mbes\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, duke u rritur si nj\u00eb top d\u00ebbore, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb injorojn\u00eb edhe k\u00ebto transaksione. N\u00eb fund, atyre do t'u duhet t\u00eb censurojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eblloj si sabotazh.<\/p>\n

    \"Nga
    \n
    \nK\u00ebshtu, DAG mbetet i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj censur\u00ebs, madje edhe n\u00ebse ndodhin marr\u00ebveshje mes ofruesve t\u00eb rendit, duke e tejkaluar k\u00ebshtu blockchain-in p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj censur\u00ebs, ku nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb asgj\u00eb n\u00ebse minator\u00ebt vendosin t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nga transaksionet. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb DAG: pjes\u00ebmarrja n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e pavarur dhe pa nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa transaksionet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme.
    \n
    Burimi:     habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444) \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c. DAG \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0451\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043e 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