{"id":53389,"date":"2019-11-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:17","slug":"malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb sekret i vog\u00ebl i nj\u00eb zemre t\u00eb madhe: E para kardiogram\u00eb e historis\u00eb e nj\u00eb balene blu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nj\u00eb
\n
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb diskutohet p\u00ebr faktin se natyra ka m\u00eb t\u00eb vividin imagjinat\u00eb. \u00c7do p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i flor\u00ebs dhe faun\u00ebs ka ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e tij unike, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, q\u00eb shpesh nuk e kuptojm\u00eb. Merrni, p\u00ebr shembull, rakun e Zotit. Ky krijes\u00eb grabitqar \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sulmoj\u00eb prein\u00eb ose armiqt\u00eb e tij me pincat e tij t\u00eb fuqishme me shpejt\u00ebsi 83 km\/h, dhe sistemi i tij viziv \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuarit ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb studiuar nga njeriu. Rakut e Zotit, edhe pse t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj \u2014 deri n\u00eb 35 cm n\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi. Nd\u00ebrsa balena blu \u00ebsht\u00eb krijesa m\u00eb e madhe e deteve dhe oqeaneve, si dhe e planetit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Gjat\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtij mjeku mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30 metra, dhe pesha 150 ton. Pavar\u00ebsisht nga p\u00ebrmasat e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb quhen grabitqar\u00eb t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm, pasi ata preferojn\u00eb planktonin.<\/p>\n

Anatomia e balenave t\u00eb bluajve ka t\u00ebrhequr gjithnj\u00eb interesin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se si funksionon nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm kaq t\u00eb madh dhe organet e tij. Megjith\u00ebse dim\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e balenave t\u00eb bluajve tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr disa qindra vjet (q\u00eb nga viti 1694, n\u00ebse sakt\u00ebsisht), k\u00ebto gjigante kan\u00eb zbuluar shum\u00eb pak nga sekretet e tyre. Sot do t\u00eb njihemi me nj\u00eb hulumtim n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga Universiteti i Stanfordit zhvilluan nj\u00eb pajisje, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u mor\u00ebn regjistrimet e para t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu. Si funksionon zemra e zotit t\u00eb detit, \u00e7far\u00eb zbulimesh b\u00ebn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, dhe pse nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm m\u00eb i madh se balena blu? K\u00ebto do t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga raporti i grupit hulumtues. Le t\u00eb nisim.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Heroi i hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\nBalena blu \u00ebsht\u00eb mammiferi m\u00eb i madh, banori m\u00eb i madh i deteve dhe oqeaneve, kafsha m\u00eb e madhe, balena m\u00eb e madhe. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuash, balena blu \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet m\u00eb e madhja n\u00eb \u00e7do aspekt \u2014 ka nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi prej 33 metrash dhe peshon 150 ton\u00eb. Numrat jan\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht, por aq m\u00eb t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\n
\nEdhe koka e k\u00ebtij gjiganti meriton nj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb librin e rekordeve Guinness, pasi z\u00eb rreth 27% t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi s\u00eb tij t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Megjithat\u00eb, syt\u00eb e balen\u00ebs blu jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, jo m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj se nj\u00eb grejpfrut. N\u00ebse ju \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb shihni syt\u00eb e balen\u00ebs, goja e saj do t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Goja e balen\u00ebs blu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 100 njer\u00ebz (nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm, por balenat blu nuk han\u00eb njer\u00ebz, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn jo me q\u00ebllim). Madh\u00ebsia e madhe e goj\u00ebs lidhet me preferencat ushqimore: balenat hajn\u00eb plancton duke g\u00eblltitur sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha uji, t\u00eb cilin m\u00eb von\u00eb e lirojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb aparati filtrues, duke filtruar ushqimin. N\u00ebn rrethana mjaft t\u00eb favorshme, balena blu konsumon rreth 6 ton planctoni n\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\n
\nNj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr tipar i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i balenave t\u00eb bluara jan\u00eb mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb afta t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb frym\u00ebn p\u00ebr 1 or\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zhvendosen n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 100 m. Por, si t\u00eb gjitha mammiferi t\u00eb tjer\u00eb detar\u00eb, balenat e bluara her\u00eb pas here dalin n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb frym\u00eb. Pasi dalin n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit, balenat e p\u00ebrdorin frym\u00ebmarrjen \u2014 hap\u00ebsira e frym\u00ebmarrjes me dy vrima t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (nar\u00eb) n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb kok\u00ebs. Nxjerrja e frym\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes frym\u00ebmarrjes shpesh shoq\u00ebrohet me nj\u00eb fontan\u00eb vertikale uji me lart\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 10 m. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh karakteristikat e vendbanimit t\u00eb balenave, mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre funksionojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb efektivisht se t\u00eb tonat \u2014 mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e balen\u00ebs thithin 80-90% t\u00eb oksigjenit, nd\u00ebrsa tonat vet\u00ebm rreth 15%. V\u00ebllimi i mushk\u00ebrive arrin rreth 3 mij\u00eb litra, nd\u00ebrsa ky tregues p\u00ebr njeriun varion n\u00eb rreth 3-6 litra.<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\nModeli i zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs s\u00eb bluar n\u00eb muzeun n\u00eb New Bedford (SHBA).<\/i><\/p>\n

Sistemi en\u00ebngjitor i balen\u00ebs blu gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me parametra rekord. P\u00ebr shembull, en\u00ebt e saj jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, diametri i vet\u00ebm t\u00eb aort\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 40 cm. Z\u00ebri i balenave blu konsiderohet zemra m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe peshon rreth nj\u00eb ton. Me nj\u00eb zem\u00ebr kaq t\u00eb madhe, balena ka gjithashtu shum\u00eb gjak - m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 8000 litra n\u00eb nj\u00eb individ t\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n

Dhe k\u00ebshtu, ne erdh\u00ebm n\u00eb thelbin e hulumtimit. Zemra e balen\u00ebs blu \u00ebsht\u00eb e madhe, si\u00e7 e kuptuam, por pulson mjaft ngadal\u00eb. M\u00eb par\u00eb ishte besuar se pulsi arrin rreth 5-10 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb, n\u00eb raste t\u00eb rralla deri n\u00eb 20. Por askush nuk kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb matje t\u00eb sakta, deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment.<\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Stanfordit pohojn\u00eb se shkalla n\u00eb biologji ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e karakteristikave funksionale t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb qenieve t\u00eb gjalla. Studimi i krijesave t\u00eb ndryshme, nga minjt\u00eb deri te balenat, lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e kufijve t\u00eb dimensioneve q\u00eb nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i gjall\u00eb nuk mund t'i kaloj\u00eb. Zemra dhe sistemi kardiovaskular n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi jan\u00eb atribute t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre hulumtimeve.<\/p>\n

Tek\u00eb n\u00eb gjitar\u00eb detar\u00eb, fizologjia e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e adaptuar p\u00ebr stilin e tyre t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, adaptimet e lidhura me zhytjen dhe mbajtjen e frym\u00ebs luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. K\u00ebto krijesa kan\u00eb treguar se gjat\u00eb zhytjes frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ulet n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta se n\u00eb gjendjen e pushimit. Kur ngjiten n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, ritmi i zemr\u00ebs b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Rrahjet e ul\u00ebta t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb indet dhe qelizat, duke ngadal\u00ebsuar k\u00ebshtu procesin e shterjes s\u00eb rezervave t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb gjak dhe duke reduktuar konsumimin e oksigjenit nga zemra vet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb se ushtrimet (dmth aktiviteti fizik i rritur) modifikojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen ndaj zhytjes dhe rrisin frekuenc\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes. Kjo hipotez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr studimin e balenave blu, pasi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb metod\u00ebs s\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ushqyerjes (hypja e papritur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gllab\u00ebruar uj\u00eb) shpejt\u00ebsia e metabolizmit, n\u00eb teori, duhet t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb normat thelb\u00ebsore (gjendja e pushimit) 50 her\u00eb. Supozohet se k\u00ebto hypje e p\u00ebrshpejtojn\u00eb shpenzimin e \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434it, duke reduktuar k\u00ebshtu koh\u00ebzgjatjen e zhytjes.<\/p>\n

Rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe rritja e transferimit t\u00eb \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434it nga gjaku n\u00eb muskujt gjat\u00eb hypjes mund t\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shpenzimeve metabolike gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb aktiviteti fizik t\u00eb till\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duhet marr\u00eb parasysh edhe p\u00ebrqendrimi i ul\u00ebt mioglobina*<\/i> (Mb) te balenat blu (5-10 her\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se n\u00eb gjitar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb detar\u00eb: 0.8 g Mb p\u00ebr 100 g-1 muskul te balenat blu dhe 1.8-10 g Mb te gjitar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb detar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mioglobina*<\/b> \u00ebsht\u00eb proteina q\u00eb lidh oksigjenin n\u00eb muskujt e skeletit dhe muskujve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, ngarkesa fizike, thell\u00ebsia e zhytjes dhe kontrolli vullnetar ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes p\u00ebrmes sistemit nervor autonom. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb faktor shtes\u00eb i uljes s\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe ngjeshja\/zgjatja e mushk\u00ebrive gjat\u00eb zhytjes\/ngritjes.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes dhe kur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me modelet e hemodinamik\u00ebs arteriale.<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\nFinval<\/i><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb studim i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm mbi pronat biomekanike dhe dimensionet e mureve t\u00eb aort\u00ebs tek finvali (Balaenoptera physalus<\/i>) tregoi se gjat\u00eb zhytjes me frekuenc\u00eb rrahjesh t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs \u226410 rrahje\/min, harku i aort\u00ebs realizon efektin rezervuar (Windkessel effekt<\/i>), i cili mb\u00ebshtet rrjedh\u00ebn e gjakut gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb gjata diastolike*<\/i> midis rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe zvog\u00eblon pulsimin e rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb gjakut n\u00eb aort\u00ebn distale t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Diastola*<\/b> (periudha diastolike) \u2014 periudha e relaksimit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs midis rrahjeve.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u00eb gjitha hipotezat, teorit\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfundimet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb prova materiale, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb konfirmohen ose t\u00eb mohohen n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb kryhet elektrokardiografia e nj\u00eb balene t\u00eb p\u00ebrhumbur lirisht. Metodat e thjeshta k\u00ebtu nuk do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, ndaj shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb krijuar aparatin e tyre p\u00ebr elektrokardiografi.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb video n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn studiuesit flasin shkurtimisht p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/i><\/p>\n

ECG e balen\u00ebs u regjistrua duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb regjistrues ECG t\u00eb personalizuar, i integruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kapsul\u00eb speciale me 4 suction cups. Elektrodat e sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb ECG-s\u00eb ishin t\u00eb integruara n\u00eb dy nga suction cups. Studiuesit shkuan me anije n\u00eb Gjirin Monterey (Oqeani Paq\u00ebsor, af\u00ebr Kalifornis\u00eb). Kur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrfundimisht takuan balen\u00ebn blu q\u00eb doli mbi sip\u00ebrfaqe, ata i prit\u00ebn regjistruesin ECG tek trupi i saj (pran\u00eb grishtit t\u00eb majt\u00eb). Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb grumbulluara m\u00eb par\u00eb, kjo balen\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mashkull 15 vje\u00e7ar. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se ky aparat \u00ebsht\u00eb jo-invaziv, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk k\u00ebrkon implantimin e ndonj\u00eb sensor dhe elektrod\u00ebsh n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb procedura \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht pa dhimbje dhe me stres minimal nga kontakti me njer\u00ebzit, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, duke pasur parasysh se regjistrohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb deformuara p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb stresit. Si rezultat, u arrit nj\u00eb regjistrim ECG prej 8.5 or\u00ebsh, mbi t\u00eb cilin shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuan profilin e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs (imazhi m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\nImazhi \u21161: profili i rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu.<\/i><\/p>\n

Forma e sinjalit t\u00eb EKG-s\u00eb ishte e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb ishin regjistruar tek balenat e vogla n\u00eb rob\u00ebri me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin aparat. Sjellja e balen\u00ebs gjat\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb ushqimit ishte mjaft e zakonshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj: zhytje p\u00ebr 16.5 minuta deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb thell\u00ebsi prej 184 m dhe intervale nga 1 deri n\u00eb 4 minuta n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe.<\/p>\n

Profili i ritmit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me p\u00ebrgjigjen kardiovaskulare ndaj zhytjes, tregoi se frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs nga 4 deri n\u00eb 8 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb mbizot\u00ebronte n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb zhytjeve gjat\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb ushqimit, pavar\u00ebsisht nga koha e q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb zhytje ose thell\u00ebsia maksimale. Frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes (e llogaritur p\u00ebr gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb zhytjes) dhe frekuenca minimale e momentit t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes u ul me koh\u00ebzgjatjen e zhytjes, nd\u00ebrsa frekuenca maksimale e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs pas daljes n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe u rrit me koh\u00ebzgjatjen e zhytjes. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, sa m\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb ishte balena n\u00ebn uj\u00eb, aq m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb rrahin zemra gjat\u00eb zhytjes dhe aq m\u00eb shpejt pas nxjerrjes.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ekuacionet allometrike p\u00ebr mammifer\u00ebt thon\u00eb se nj\u00eb balen\u00eb me nj\u00eb pesh\u00eb prej 70000 kg ka nj\u00eb zem\u00ebr q\u00eb peson 319 kg, dhe volumi i saj godit\u00ebs (volumi i gjakut t\u00eb ejectuar p\u00ebr goditje) \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 80 l, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, norma e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb pushim duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 15 goditje\/min.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb fazave m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb zhytjeve, frequenca momentale e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ishte nga 1\/3 deri n\u00eb 1\/2 e frequencies s\u00eb parashikuar t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb pushim. Megjithat\u00eb, ritmi i zemr\u00ebs u rrit n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e daljes. N\u00eb intervalet e sip\u00ebrme, frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ishte p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht dyfish m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se frekuenca e parashikuar e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb pushim dhe kryesisht variu nga 30 n\u00eb 37 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb pas zhytjeve t\u00eb thella (> 125 metra thell\u00ebsi) dhe nga 20 n\u00eb 30 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb pas zhytjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb cekta.<\/p>\n

Ky v\u00ebzhgim mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb se p\u00ebrshpejtimi i rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur shk\u00ebmbimin e duhur t\u00eb gazrave t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes dhe reperfuzionin (rikthimi i rrjedhjes s\u00eb gjakut) t\u00eb indeve nd\u00ebrmjet zhytjeve t\u00eb thella.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjet e shkurtra t\u00eb nat\u00ebs ishin t\u00eb lidhura me pushimin dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, ishin m\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjendje m\u00eb pak aktive. Frekuencat tipike t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, t\u00eb observuara gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb zhytjeje 5-minut\u00ebshe nat\u00ebn (8 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb) dhe intervalit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes 2-minut\u00ebsh q\u00eb e shoq\u00ebron at\u00eb (25 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb), mund t\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs rreth 13 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb. Kjo shif\u00ebr, si\u00e7 mund ta shikojm\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb trondit\u00ebse e af\u00ebrt me parashikimet e llogaritura t\u00eb modeleve alometrike.<\/p>\n

Pastaj shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nd\u00ebrtuan profilet e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, thell\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe volumit relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive t\u00eb 4 zhytjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, analiza e t\u00eb cilave lejon t\u00eb studiohet ndikimi potencial i aktivitetit fizik dhe thell\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb rregullimin e ritmit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Nj\u00eb
\nImazhi Nr.2: profilet e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, thell\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe volumit relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive t\u00eb 4 zhytjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb konsumimit t\u00eb ushqimit n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, balena b\u00ebn nj\u00eb manov\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar duke hapur papritur goj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00eblltitur uj\u00eb me plancton, dhe m\u00eb pas filtrin ushqimin. \u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb momentin e g\u00eblltitjes s\u00eb ujit \u00ebsht\u00eb 2.5 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se sa n\u00eb momentin e filtrimit. Kjo tregon qart\u00eb lidhjen e ritmit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs me ngarkes\u00ebn fizike.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket mushk\u00ebrive, ndikimi i tyre n\u00eb ritmin e zemr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i dyshimt\u00eb, pasi nuk jan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re ndryshime t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb volumin relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive gjat\u00eb zhytjeve n\u00eb shqyrtim. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb fazat e ul\u00ebta t\u00eb zhytjeve t\u00eb cekta, nj\u00eb rritje momentale e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur pik\u00ebrisht me ndryshimet n\u00eb volumin relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive dhe mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkaktuar nga aktivizimi i receptorit t\u00eb shtrirjes s\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se gjat\u00eb ushqyerjes n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb rritje e p\u00ebrkohshme e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs deri n\u00eb 2.5 her\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, frekuenca mesatare maksimale e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb luhatjeve n\u00eb momentin e ushqyerjes ende ishte vet\u00ebm gjysma e sasis\u00eb s\u00eb parashikuar n\u00eb qet\u00ebsi. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me hipotez\u00ebn q\u00eb harku i aort\u00ebs s\u00eb balenave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha realizon efektin e rezervuarit gjat\u00eb ritmit t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytyrjes. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, gama e rrahjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs pas zhytyrjes konfirmoi hipotez\u00ebn se impedanca e aort\u00ebs dhe ngarkesa mbi zemr\u00ebn zvog\u00eblohen gjat\u00eb intervalit sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes shkat\u00ebrruese t\u00eb val\u00ebve presioni dal\u00ebse dhe reflektuese n\u00eb aort\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Bradikardia e fort\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur nga studiuesit, mund t\u00eb quhet nj\u00eb rezultat i papritur i studimit, duke marr\u00eb parasysh shpenzimet kolosale t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb balenave gjat\u00eb manovrave t\u00eb p\u00ebrthithjes s\u00eb ujit me plankton. Megjithat\u00eb, kostot metabolike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj manovre mund t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrputhen me frekuenc\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ose transportin konvective t\u00eb oksigjenit, pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyerjes dhe t\u00eb mundshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr angazhimin e fibrave muskulore glikoliti q\u00eb shpejtohen shpejt.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrthithjes, balenat blu arrijn\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe absorbojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi uji q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se trupi i tyre vet\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt sugjerojn\u00eb se rezistenca e lart\u00eb dhe energjia e nevojshme p\u00ebr manovr\u00ebn shpejt e shterojn\u00eb rezervat totale t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb trup, duke kufizuar k\u00ebshtu koh\u00ebn e zhytjes. Forca mekanike e nevojshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrthithjen e volumeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb ujit, me siguri, tejkalon fuqin\u00eb e metabolizmit aerobik. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre manovrave, frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, edhe pse rritej, ndodhte p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar me nuancat e hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nNj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr k\u00ebmbimin e gazit dhe reperfuzionin gjat\u00eb intervaleve t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, balenat blu k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb maksimumit t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, pavar\u00ebsisht natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb shterrjes s\u00eb rezervave t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb gjak dhe n\u00eb muskuj gjat\u00eb zhytjeve. N\u00ebse merret parasysh se individ\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb balenave blu duhet t\u00eb investojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb ushqim n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr (n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me hipotezat e alometris\u00eb), at\u00ebher\u00eb ata p\u00ebrballen padyshim me disa kufizime fizologjike si gjat\u00eb zhytjes ashtu edhe gjat\u00eb intervalit n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se evolucionarisht, madh\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar, sepse po t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e madhe, procesi i marrjes s\u00eb ushqimit do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i kushtuesh\u00ebm dhe nuk do t\u00eb kompensohej nga ushqimi i marr\u00eb. Vet\u00eb studiuesit besojn\u00eb se zemra e balen\u00ebs blu punon n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb zgjasin funksionalitetin e pajisjes s\u00eb tyre, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb akseleromet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb ndikimin e aktiviteteve t\u00eb ndryshme fizike n\u00eb ritmin e zemr\u00ebs. Po ashtu, ata planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb sensorin e tyre t\u00eb EKG-s\u00eb tek krijesa t\u00eb tjera detare. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e tregoi kjo studim, t\u00eb jesh krijesa m\u00eb e madhe me zemr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga dimensionet e krijesave detare, cil\u00ebs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb dieta e tyre, ne duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se masa e ujit q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga njeriu p\u00ebr peshkim, shp\u00ebrndarje dhe transport, mbetet sht\u00ebpia e tyre. Ne jemi vet\u00ebm mysafir\u00eb dhe, prandaj, duhet t\u00eb sillet si t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Of-topi i premtes:<\/b>

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nPamje t\u00eb rralla, ku balena blu tregon kapacitetin e goj\u00ebs s\u00eb saj.<\/i><\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb gjigant tjet\u00ebr i deteve \u00ebsht\u00eb kashtalloti. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb video, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kap\u00ebn nj\u00eb kashtallot kurioz n\u00eb nj\u00eb thell\u00ebsi prej 598 metrash me ndihm\u00ebn e ROV Hercules.<\/i><\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kureshtar dhe t\u00eb keni nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, shok\u00eb! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar njohurive tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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