{"id":53389,"date":"2019-11-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:17","slug":"malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/malenkij-sekret-bolshogo-serdtsa-pervaya-v-istorii-kardiogramma-sinego-kita","title":{"rendered":"Sekreti i vog\u00ebl i nj\u00eb zemre t\u00eb madhe: elektrokardiograma e par\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e balen\u00ebs blu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sekreti
\n
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mos pajtohesh me pohimin se natyra ka imagjinat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritshme. \u00c7do p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i flor\u00ebs dhe faun\u00ebs ka ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e tij unike, shpeshher\u00eb edhe t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, q\u00eb shpesh nuk i kuptojm\u00eb. Merrni si shembull rakun e krimb\u00ebs. Ky krijes\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruese ka aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb sulmoj\u00eb viktim\u00ebn ose armikun e tij me pincat e tij t\u00eb fuqishme me shpejt\u00ebsi 83 km\/h, nd\u00ebrsa sistemi i tij vizual \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuarit q\u00eb njeriut i kan\u00eb studiuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Rakot e krimb\u00ebs, ndon\u00ebse t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj \u2014 deri n\u00eb 35 cm gjat\u00ebsi. Nd\u00ebrsa krijesa m\u00eb e madhe e deteve dhe oqeaneve, ashtu si dhe e planetit, \u00ebsht\u00eb balena blu. Gjat\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtij mamiferi mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30 metra, nd\u00ebrsa pesha 150 ton. Pavar\u00ebsisht dimensioneve mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse, balenat blu \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t'i quash gjuetar\u00eb t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm, pasi ato preferojn\u00eb planctonin.<\/p>\n

Anatomia e balenave blu gjithmon\u00eb ka intriguar shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se si funksionon nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm kaq t\u00eb madh dhe organet brenda tij. Pavar\u00ebsisht se p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e balenave blu dim\u00eb tashm\u00eb disa qindra vjet (q\u00eb nga viti 1694, p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb), k\u00ebta gjigant\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb zbuluar t\u00eb gjitha sekretet e tyre. Sot do t\u00eb njihemi me hulumtimin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga Universiteti i Stanfordit ka zhvilluar nj\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb mund\u00ebsoi regjistrimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu. Si funksionon zemra e zotit t\u00eb deteve, \u00e7far\u00eb zbulimesh b\u00ebn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, dhe p\u00ebrse nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm m\u00eb i madh se balena blu? K\u00ebt\u00eb do ta m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga raporti i grupit hulumtues. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Heroi i hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\nBalena blu \u2014 mamiferi m\u00eb i madh, krijesa m\u00eb e madhe e deteve dhe oqeaneve, kafsha m\u00eb e madhe, balena m\u00eb e madhe. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb themi, balena blu \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet m\u00eb e madhja n\u00eb aspektin e dimensioneve \u2014 gjat\u00ebsi 33 metra dhe pesh\u00eb 150 ton. Numrat jan\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht, por megjithat\u00eb jan\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\n
\nMadhe e k\u00ebtij gjiganti meriton nj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb librin e rekordeve t\u00eb Guiness-it, pasi z\u00eb rreth 27% t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi totale t\u00eb trupit. Megjithat\u00eb, syt\u00eb e balenave t\u00eb bluara jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, jo m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj se nj\u00eb grejpfrut. N\u00ebse do t'ju jet\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb shihni syt\u00eb e balen\u00ebs, goja e saj do t'ju bjer\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb sy. Garda e balen\u00ebs blu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 100 njer\u00ebz (nj\u00eb shembull i friksh\u00ebm, por balenat blu nuk han\u00eb njer\u00ebz, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, me q\u00ebllim). Madh\u00ebsia e madhe e goj\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i preferencave gastronomike: balenat han\u00eb plancton, duke p\u00ebrthithur sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha uji, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas i nxjerrin p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb aparati filtrues, duke filtruar ushqimin. N\u00eb kushte mjaft t\u00eb favorshme, balena blu konsumon rreth 6 ton plancton n\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\n
\nNj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7ori e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e balenave blu jan\u00eb mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre. Ato mund t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjen p\u00ebr 1 or\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zhytin n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 100 m. Por, si t\u00eb gjitha mamifer\u00ebt e detit, balenat blu dalin her\u00eb pas here n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb frym\u00eb. Kur dalin n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, balenat p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjeje \u2014 nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb frymarrjeje nga dy hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (n\u00eb t\u00eb pasme t\u00eb kok\u00ebs). Nxjerrja e ajrit nga balena p\u00ebrmes hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs frym\u00ebmarr\u00ebse shpesh shoq\u00ebrohet me nj\u00eb fontan\u00eb uji vertikale deri n\u00eb 10 m. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh kushte t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb balenave, mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre funksionojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se t\u00eb tonat \u2014 mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb e balenave p\u00ebrthithin 80-90% t\u00eb oksigjenit, nd\u00ebrsa ne vet\u00ebm rreth 15%. V\u00ebllimi i mushk\u00ebrive \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 3 mij\u00eb litra, nd\u00ebrsa ky tregues p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit varion n\u00eb rreth 3-6 litra.<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\nModeli i zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu n\u00eb nj\u00eb muze n\u00eb New Bedford (SHBA).<\/i><\/p>\n

Sistemi i qarkullimit t\u00eb gjakut t\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb mbushur me parametra rekord. P\u00ebr shembull, en\u00ebt e tyre jan\u00eb thjesht gjigante, nd\u00ebrsa diametri i nj\u00eb vet\u00ebm aorte \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 40 cm. Zemra e balenave blu konsiderohet zemra m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe peshon rreth nj\u00eb ton. Me nj\u00eb zem\u00ebr kaq t\u00eb madhe, balena ka gjithashtu shum\u00eb gjak \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 8000 litra n\u00eb nj\u00eb individ t\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n

Dhe tani kemi arritur n\u00eb substanc\u00ebn e vet\u00eb hulumtimit. Zemra e balen\u00ebs blu \u00ebsht\u00eb e madhe, si\u00e7 e kuptuam, por rrahjet e saj jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb ngadalta. Mendohej m\u00eb par\u00eb se pulsa ishte rreth 5-10 rrahje n\u00eb minut\u00eb, n\u00eb raste t\u00eb rralla deri n\u00eb 20. Por askush nuk kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb matje t\u00eb sakta deri tani.<\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Stanfordit pohojn\u00eb se shkalla n\u00eb biologji ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e karakteristikave funksionale t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb organizmave t\u00eb gjall\u00eb. Studimi i qenieve t\u00eb ndryshme, nga miqt\u00eb deri te balenat, lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e kufijve t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i gjall\u00eb nuk mund t'i kaloj\u00eb. Zemra dhe sistemi kardiovaskular si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi jan\u00eb atribute t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre hulumtimeve.<\/p>\n

Te m\u00eblqit\u00eb detar\u00eb, ku fisiologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e p\u00ebrshtatur me stilin e tyre t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm adaptimet q\u00eb lidhen me zhytjen dhe mbajtjen e frym\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar se shum\u00eb nga k\u00ebto krijesa, gjat\u00eb zhytjes, kan\u00eb norm\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs t\u00eb ulur n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se gjendja e qet\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa ngrihen n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, ritmi i zemr\u00ebs b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Rrahjet e ulta t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb indet dhe qelizat, duke ngadal\u00ebsuar k\u00ebshtu procesin e shterjes s\u00eb rezervave t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb gjak dhe duke reduktuar konsumimin e oksigjenit nga zemra vet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb se st\u00ebrvitjet (dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, aktiviteti fizik i shtuar) modulon reagimin ndaj zhytjes dhe rrit norm\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes. Kjo hipotez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr studimin e balenave blu, pasi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb metod\u00ebs s\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ushqyerjes (nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb papritur p\u00ebr g\u00eblltitjen e ujit), shpejt\u00ebsia e metabolizmit, n\u00eb teori, duhet t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb vlerat minimale (gjendjen e qet\u00eb) deri n\u00eb 50 her\u00eb. Supozohet se k\u00ebto sulme shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb oksigjenin, duke e zvog\u00ebluar k\u00ebshtu koh\u00ebn e q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb uj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Rritja e norm\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe transferimi i rritur i oksigjenit nga gjaku n\u00eb muskuj gjat\u00eb sulmit mund t\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shpenzimeve metabolike gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb aktiviteti t\u00eb till\u00eb fizik. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duhet t\u00eb merret parasysh edhe p\u00ebrqendrimi i ul\u00ebt myoglobin\u00eb*<\/i> (Mb) te balenat blu (5-10 her\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se te m\u00eblqit\u00eb e tjera detar\u00eb: 0.8 g Mb p\u00ebr 100 g-1 muskul te balenat blu dhe 1.8-10 g Mb te m\u00eblqit\u00eb e tjera detar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Myoglobin\u00eb*<\/b> \u2014 proteina q\u00eb lidh oksigjenin n\u00eb muskujt e skeletit dhe n\u00eb muskujt e zemr\u00ebs.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, ngarkesa fizike, thell\u00ebsia e zhytjes dhe kontrolli vullnetar ndryshojn\u00eb norm\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes p\u00ebrmes sistemit nervor autonom. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb faktor shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr uljen e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe ngjeshja\/zgjerimi i mushk\u00ebrive gjat\u00eb zhytjes\/zhgjidhjes.<\/p>\n

Pra, frekuenca e kontraktimeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes dhe gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me modelet e hemodinamik\u00ebs arteriale.<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\nBalin\u00eb e madhe<\/i><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb studim i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm mbi pronat biomekanike dhe dimensionet e mureve t\u00eb aort\u00ebs te balina e madhe (Balaenoptera physalus<\/i>) tregoi se gjat\u00eb zhytjeve me frekuenc\u00eb rrahjesh \u226410 goditje\/min, harku i aort\u00ebs realizon efektin e rezervuarit (Windkessel effekt<\/i>), i cili mb\u00ebshtet rrjedh\u00ebn e gjakut p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb periode diastolike*<\/i> midis kontraktimeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe redukton pulsimin e fluksit t\u00eb gjakut n\u00eb aort\u00ebn distale t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Diastola*<\/b> (periudh\u00eb diastolike) \u2014 periudha e relaksimit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs midis kontraktimeve.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u00eb gjitha hipotezat, teorit\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfundimet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb prova materiale, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb konfirmohen ose t\u00eb hidhen posht\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet elektrokardiografia e balen\u00ebs blu q\u00eb l\u00ebviz lirsh\u00ebm. Metodat e thjeshta k\u00ebtu nuk do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, prandaj shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt krijuan pajisjen e tyre p\u00ebr elektrokardiografi.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb video, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn hulumtuesit flasin shkurtimisht p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/i><\/p>\n

EKG i balen\u00ebs u regjistrua duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb regjistrues EKG t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb me porosi, t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kapsul\u00eb speciale me 4 kup\u00eb. Elektrodat sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb t\u00eb EKG-s\u00eb ishin integruar n\u00eb dy nga kupat. Studiuesit u nis\u00ebn me nj\u00eb vark\u00eb n\u00eb gjirin Monterey (Oqeani Paq\u00ebsor, pran\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb). Kur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt menduan p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb me balen\u00ebn blu, q\u00eb dol\u00ebn n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit, ata e ngjitur regjistruesin EKG n\u00eb trupin e saj (p\u00ebrkrah gjurit t\u00eb majt\u00eb). Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, kjo balen\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mashkull 15-vje\u00e7ar. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se ky aparat \u00ebsht\u00eb joinvaziv, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon implantimin e sensor\u00ebve ose elektrodave n\u00ebn l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebs. Pra, kjo procedur\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht pa dhimbje p\u00ebr balen\u00ebn dhe me stres minimal nga kontakti me njer\u00ebzit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se regjistrohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb deformuara p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb stresit. Si rezultat, u mor nj\u00eb regjistrim EKG prej 8.5 or\u00ebsh, sipas t\u00eb cilit shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb profilin e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs (fotoja m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\nImazhi Nr. 1: profili i rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb balen\u00ebs blu.<\/i><\/p>\n

Forma e sinjalit EKG ishte e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb ishte regjistruar te balenat e vogla n\u00eb rob\u00ebri me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin aparat. Shtytja e balen\u00ebs gjat\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit p\u00ebr ushqim ishte mjaft normale p\u00ebr llojin e saj: Zhyteshin p\u00ebr 16.5 minuta n\u00eb nj\u00eb thell\u00ebsi prej 184 m dhe intervalet e sip\u00ebrfaqes nga 1 deri n\u00eb 4 minuta.<\/p>\n

Profili i rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, sipas p\u00ebrgjigjes kardiovaskulare ndaj zhytes\u00ebs, tregoi se frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs prej 4 deri n\u00eb 8 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb dominonte gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb poshtme t\u00eb zhytesave n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb ushqimit, pavar\u00ebsisht nga koh\u00ebzgjatja e zhytes\u00ebs ose thell\u00ebsia maksimale. Frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytes\u00ebs (e llogaritur gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb zhytes\u00ebs) dhe frekuenca minimale e menj\u00ebhershme e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytes\u00ebs u ul\u00ebn me koh\u00ebzgjatjen e zhytes\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa frekuenca maksimale e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs pas zhytes\u00ebs u rrit me koh\u00ebzgjatjen e zhytes\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se sa m\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb ishte balena n\u00ebn uj\u00eb, aq m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb rrihte zemra gjat\u00eb zhytes\u00ebs dhe aq m\u00eb shpejt pas daljes n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ekuacionet alometrics p\u00ebr kushtet n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsin\u00eb thon\u00eb se nj\u00eb balen\u00eb me pesh\u00eb 70000 kg ka nj\u00eb zem\u00ebr q\u00eb peshon 319 kg, dhe volumi i saj i goditjes (volumi i gjakut q\u00eb pompohet me \u00e7do goditje) \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 80 l, prandaj, frekuenca e goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb pushim duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 15 goditje\/min.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb fazave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb zhytjes, frekuenca e menj\u00ebhershme e goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ishte nga 1\/3 deri n\u00eb 1\/2 e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb parashikuar t\u00eb goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb pushim. Megjithat\u00eb, ritmi i zemr\u00ebs u rrit n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e ngjitjes. N\u00eb intervalet sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, frekuenca e goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ishte gati dyfish e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb parashikuar n\u00eb pushim dhe kryesisht varionte nga 30 deri n\u00eb 37 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb pas zhytjeve t\u00eb thella (nd\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 125 metra) dhe nga 20 deri n\u00eb 30 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb pas zhytjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb cek\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

Ky v\u00ebzhgim mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb se akselerimi i goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur shk\u00ebmbimin e duhur t\u00eb gazrave t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes dhe reperfuzionin (rikthimi i rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb gjakut) t\u00eb indeve midis zhytjeve t\u00eb thella.<\/p>\n

Zhytjet e nat\u00ebs t\u00eb shkurtra dhe t\u00eb cek\u00ebta ishin t\u00eb lidhura me pushimin dhe, si rrjedhoj\u00eb, ishin m\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjendje m\u00eb pak aktive. Frekuencat tipike t\u00eb goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguara gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb zhytjeje prej 5 minutash nat\u00ebn (8 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb) dhe intervalit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor prej 2 minutash (25 goditje n\u00eb minut\u00eb), mund t\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs prej rreth 13 goditjeve n\u00eb minut\u00eb. Ky num\u00ebr, si\u00e7 mund ta shohim, \u00ebsht\u00eb befasuese i af\u00ebrt me parashikimet e llogaritura nga modelet alometrike.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb tej, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nd\u00ebrtuan profilet e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, thell\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe v\u00ebllimit relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive p\u00ebr 4 zhytje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, analizimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve lejon t\u00eb studiohet ndikimi potencial i aktivitetit fizik dhe thell\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb rregullimin e ritmit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Sekreti
\nImazhi Nr. 2: profilet e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb goditjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, thell\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe v\u00ebllimit relativ t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive p\u00ebr 4 zhytje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb ushqimit n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, bala v\u00eb n\u00eb veprim nj\u00eb manov\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar, duke hapur me forc\u00eb goj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00eblltitur uj\u00eb me plancton, dhe m\u00eb pas filtroi ushqimin. \u00cbsht\u00eb observed q\u00eb frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs n\u00eb momentin e g\u00eblltitjes s\u00eb ujit \u00ebsht\u00eb 2.5 her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se n\u00eb momentin e filtrimit. Kjo tregon qart\u00eb lidhjen midis ritmit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe ngarkes\u00ebs fizike.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket mushk\u00ebrive, ndikimi i tyre n\u00eb ritmin e zemr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i pak\u00ebt, pasi nuk jan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb volumet relative t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive gjat\u00eb zhytjeve t\u00eb shqyrtuara. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb fazat e poshtme t\u00eb zhytjeve t\u00eb cek\u00ebta, rritja e p\u00ebrkohshme e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ishte e lidhur pik\u00ebrisht me ndryshimet n\u00eb volumet relative t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive dhe mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb e shkaktuar nga aktivizimi i receptor\u00ebve t\u00eb shtrirjes s\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrmbledhur v\u00ebzhgimet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb lart, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se gjat\u00eb ushqyerjes n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ndodhi nj\u00eb rritje e p\u00ebrkohshme e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs me 2.5 her\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, frekuenca mesatare maksimale e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb manovrave n\u00eb momentin e ushqyerjes ende p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte vet\u00ebm gjysm\u00ebn e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb parashikuar n\u00eb qet\u00ebsi. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me hipotez\u00ebn se harku i aort\u00ebs s\u00eb balenave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha realizon efektin e rezervuarit gjat\u00eb ritmit t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs gjat\u00eb zhytjes. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, diapazoni i rrahjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs pas zhytjes konfirmoi hipotez\u00ebn se impedanca e aort\u00ebs dhe ngarkesa mbi zem\u00ebr ulen gjat\u00eb intervalit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes shkat\u00ebrruese t\u00eb val\u00ebve t\u00eb presionit q\u00eb dalin dhe reflektuar n\u00eb aort\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Bradikardia e fort\u00eb, q\u00eb u v\u00ebrejt nga studiuesit, mund t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb rezultat i papritur i studimit, duke marr\u00eb parasysh shpenzimet e jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb balen\u00ebs p\u00ebr manovr\u00ebn e g\u00eblltitjes s\u00eb ujit me plancton. Megjithat\u00eb, shpenzimet metabolike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj manovre nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me frekuenc\u00ebn e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs ose transportin konvektiv t\u00eb oksigjenit ndoshta p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyerjes dhe mundsh\u00ebm angazhimi i fibrave muskulore glikolitike me kontraktim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb sulmit, balenat blu arrijn\u00eb nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe absorbojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi uji q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se trupi i tyre. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt supozojn\u00eb se rezistenca e lart\u00eb dhe energjia e nevojshme p\u00ebr manovrim e zbrazin shpejt furnizimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm me oksigjen n\u00eb trup, duke kufizuar k\u00ebshtu koh\u00ebn e zhytjes. Fuqi mekanike e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb absorbuar sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha uji, me siguri, tejkalon shum\u00eb fuqin\u00eb aerobike metabolike. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre manovrave, frekuenca e rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, edhe pse rritej, nuk q\u00ebndronte gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb nuancave t\u00eb hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nNj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se, p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e gazit dhe ri- perfuzionin gjat\u00eb intervaleve t\u00eb shkurtra n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, balenat blu k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb maksimumi t\u00eb rrahjeve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, pavar\u00ebsisht natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb shterimit t\u00eb rezervave t\u00eb oksigjenit n\u00eb gjak dhe muskuj gjat\u00eb zhytjeve. N\u00ebse merrni parasysh se individ\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb balenave blu duhet t\u00eb investojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb ushqim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohe (n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me hipotezat e alometris\u00eb), ata p\u00ebrballen pa dyshim me disa kufizime fiziologjike si gjat\u00eb zhytjeve ashtu edhe gjat\u00eb intervaleve n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se, evolucionarisht, madh\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar, pasi n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, procesi i marrjes s\u00eb ushqimit do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i kushtuesh\u00ebm dhe nuk do t\u00eb kompensohej nga ushqimi i marr\u00eb. Vet\u00eb hulumtuesit besojn\u00eb se zemra e balen\u00ebs blu punon n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj. <\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb zgjasin mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e pajisjes s\u00eb tyre, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe shtimin e nj\u00eb akselerometri, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb ndikimin e aktiviteteve t\u00eb ndryshme fizike n\u00eb ritmin e zemr\u00ebs. Ata gjithashtu planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb sensorin e tyre t\u00eb EKG-s\u00eb te t\u00eb tjera krijesa detare. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 tregoi kjo studim, t\u00eb jesh krijesa m\u00eb e madhe me zemr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nga madh\u00ebsit\u00eb e krijesave detar\u00eb dhe diet\u00ebs q\u00eb ndjekin, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se thell\u00ebsia e ujit, e cila p\u00ebrdoret nga njeriu p\u00ebr peshkim, nxjerrje dhe transport, mbetet sht\u00ebpia e tyre. Ne vet\u00ebm jemi mysafir\u00eb, andaj duhet t\u00eb sillemi si t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tema e p\u00ebrgjithshme e Premtes:<\/b>

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nPamje t\u00eb rralla ku balena blu tregon kapacitetin e goj\u00ebs s\u00eb saj.<\/i><\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gjigant i deteve \u00ebsht\u00eb kashaloti. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb video, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb filmuar nj\u00eb kashalot kurioz n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi prej 598 metrash duke p\u00ebrdorur ROV-in e telekomanduar Hercules.<\/i><\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kureshtar dhe u d\u00ebshiroj nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, djem! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb po q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqen artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke rekomanduar tek miqt\u00eb tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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