{"id":53574,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:29","slug":"scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","title":{"rendered":"SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry: mit apo realitet?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDimri po vjen nga. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebve logjik\u00eb t\u00eb programuara (PLC), s\u00eb shpejti po vijn\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e integruar personal. Kjo ndodhe p\u00ebr shkak se fuqit\u00eb e kompjuter\u00ebve lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb aparat t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb funksionalitetin e nj\u00eb kontrollori programues, serveri dhe (n\u00ebse aparati ka daljen HDMI) edhe nj\u00eb vend pune t\u00eb automatizuar p\u00ebr operatorin. Pra, kemi: nj\u00eb server Web, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb OPC, nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash dhe nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb automatizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb karakoll, dhe gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr \u00e7mimin e nj\u00eb PLC. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kompjuter\u00ebve t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb industri. Do t\u00eb marrim si baz\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi Raspberry Pi, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb hap pas hapi procesin e instalimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi SCADA me kod t\u00eb hapur, t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb Rusi - Rapid SCADA, dhe gjithashtu do t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt t\u00eb nj\u00eb stacioni kompresor abstrakt, me detyrat e cilit do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin menaxhimin e larg\u00ebt t\u00eb kompresorit dhe tre ventileve, si dhe vizualizimin e procesit teknologjik t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb kompresuar.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nFillimisht, duhet t\u00eb sqarojm\u00eb se problemi mund t\u00eb zgjidhet n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra. Ato nuk ndryshojn\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra, por \u00e7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin estetik dhe praktik. Pra, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr:<\/p>\n

1.1 Mund\u00ebsia e par\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin vet\u00eb Raspberry Pi 2\/3\/4, si dhe nj\u00eb konvertor USB n\u00eb RS485 (i njohur si \"llogaria\", e cila mund t\u00eb porositet nga Alliexpress).<\/p>\n

\"SCADA
\nFigura 1 - Raspberry Pi 2 dhe konvertori USB n\u00eb RS485<\/i><\/p>\n

1.2 Mund\u00ebsia e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7do zgjidhje t\u00eb gatshme t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb Raspberry, e cila rekomandohet p\u00ebr instalime n\u00eb kushte industriale me porte t\u00eb integruara RS485. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb si n\u00eb figur\u00ebn 2, mbi baz\u00ebn e modulit Raspberry CM3+.
\n\"SCADA
\nFigura 2 - Pajisja AntexGate<\/i><\/p>\n

2. Nj\u00eb pajisje me Modbus p\u00ebr disa regjistra kontrollimi;<\/p>\n

3. Nj\u00eb PC me Windows p\u00ebr konfiguruar projektin.<\/p>\n

\nHapat e zhvillimit:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pjesa I. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  2. Pjesa II. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  3. Pjesa III. Zhvillimi i projektit dhe ngarkimi i tij n\u00eb pajisje; <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  4. P\u00ebrfundime.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Pjesa I. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry<\/h2>\n

    1. Plot\u00ebsoni forme<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb faqen e internetit Rapid Scada p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb distribucionin dhe shkarko versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr Linux.<\/p>\n

    2. Shkarkoni skedar\u00ebt e shkarkuar dhe kopjoni dosjen \"scada\" n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb \/opt<\/i> e pajisjeje. <\/p>\n

    3. Vendosni tre skripta nga dosja \"daemons\" n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb \/etc\/init.d<\/i><\/p>\n

    4. Jepni akses t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb tre dosjet e aplikacionit:<\/p>\n

    sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/config\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/log\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/storage<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28005. B\u00ebni skriptet ekzekutues:<\/p>\n
    sudo chmod +x \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh\nsudo \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28006. Shtoni repository:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates\nsudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF\necho \"deb https:\/\/download.mono-project.com\/repo\/debian stable-stretch main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mono-official-stable.list\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28007. Instaloni Mono .NET Framework:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install mono-complete<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28008. Instaloni serverin Apache HTTP:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28009. Instaloni module t\u00eb tjera:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280010. Krijoni nj\u00eb lidhje me aplikacionin Web:<\/p>\n
    sudo ln -s \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb \/var\/www\/html\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280011. Nga arkivi i shkarkuar n\u00eb dosjen \"apache\" kopjoni skedarin scada.conf<\/i> n\u00eb drejtorin\u00eb \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available<\/i><\/p>\n
    sudo a2ensite scada.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280012. Shkoni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/i> dhe shtoni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb skedarit:<\/p>\n
    Require all denied<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280013. Ekzekutoni skriptin:<\/p>\n
    sudo \/opt\/scada\/svc_install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280014. Rinisni Raspberry:<\/p>\n
    sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280015. Hapni faqen e internetit:<\/p>\n
    http:\/\/IP-adresa e pajisjes\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280016. N\u00eb dritaren e hapur futni emrin e p\u00ebrdoruesit \"admin\"<\/i> dhe fjal\u00ebkalimin \"12345\"<\/i>.<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    Pjesa II. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows<\/h2>\n
    \nInstalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows do t\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr konfigurimin e Raspberry dhe projektit. N\u00eb teori, mund ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Raspberry vet\u00eb, por n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje teknike na k\u00ebshilluan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim mjedisin e zhvillimit n\u00eb Windows, pasi k\u00ebtu funksionon sakt\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se n\u00eb Linux.<\/p>\n
    Pra, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni Microsoft .NET Framework n\u00eb versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit;<\/li>\n
    2. Shkarkojm\u00eb distribucioni<\/a><\/noindex> Rapid SCADA p\u00ebr Windows dhe instaloni offline;<\/li>\n
    3. Nisni aplikacionin \"Administrator\". N\u00eb t\u00eb do t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb projektin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \nGjat\u00eb zhvillimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kushtojm\u00eb v\u00ebmendje disa pikave:<\/p>\n
      1. Num\u00ebrimi i regjistrave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem SCADA fillon nga adresa 1, prandaj na ishte dashur t\u00eb rrisim num\u00ebrimin e regjistrave tan\u00eb me nj\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb: 512+1 dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 3 - Num\u00ebrimi i regjistrave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (figura \u00ebsht\u00eb e klikueshme)<\/i><\/p>\n
      2. P\u00ebr rinovimin e drejtorive dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb projektit n\u00eb sistemin operativ Linux, n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet duhet t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb \"Server\" -> \"Parametrat e p\u00ebrgjithshme\" dhe t\u00eb klikoni butonin \"P\u00ebr Linux\":<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 4 - Rinovimi i drejtorive n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (figura \u00ebsht\u00eb e klikueshme)<\/i><\/p>\n
      3. P\u00ebrcaktoni portin e anketimit p\u00ebr Modbus RTU n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn si p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb sistemin Linux t\u00eb pajisjes. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \/dev\/ttyUSB0<\/i><\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 5 - Rinovimi i drejtorive n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (figura \u00ebsht\u00eb e klikueshme)<\/i><\/p>\n
      N\u00eb rast se keni ndonj\u00eb pyetje, t\u00eb gjitha udh\u00ebzimet shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr instalimin mund t\u00eb merren n\u00eb faqen e kompanis\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> ose n\u00eb kanalin youtube<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      Pjesa III. Zhvillimi i projektit dhe ngarkimi i tij n\u00eb pajisje<\/h2>\n
      \nZhvillimi dhe vizualizimi i projektit ndodh direkt n\u00eb shfletues. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt normale pas sistemeve SCADA n\u00eb desktop, por \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e realizueshme. <\/p>\n
      Duhet theksuar ve\u00e7mas se ka nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb kufizuar elementesh vizualizimi (figura 6). Nga komponent\u00ebt e integruar, k\u00ebtu ka nj\u00eb LED, nj\u00eb buton, nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs, nj\u00eb hiperlidhje dhe nj\u00eb tregues. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb avantazh i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb se ky sistem SCADA mb\u00ebshtet imazhe dhe tekste dinamike. Me njohuri minimale t\u00eb redaktor\u00ebve grafik\u00eb (Corel, Adobe Photoshop etj.), t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vetat t\u00eb imazheve, elementeve dhe teksteve mund t\u00eb krijohen vet\u00eb, dhe mb\u00ebshtetja e elementeve GIF do t'i lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb shtoni animacione n\u00eb vizualizimin e procesit teknologjik. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nFigura 6 - Mjetet e redaktorit t\u00eb skemave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA<\/i><\/p>\n
      Q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebtij artikulli nuk ishte t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb hap pas hapi procesin e krijimit grafik t\u00eb projektit n\u00eb Rapid SCADA. Prandaj nuk do t\u00eb ndalem n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb. N\u00eb mjedisin e zhvilluesit, projekti yn\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb \"Sistemi i furnizimit me aj\u00ebr t\u00eb compressuar\" t\u00eb stacionit t\u00eb kompresor\u00ebve duket si m\u00eb posht\u00eb (figura 7): <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 7 - Redaktori i skemave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (fotoja \u00ebsht\u00eb klikueshme)<\/i><\/p>\n
      M\u00eb pas, ne ngarkojm\u00eb projektin ton\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne japim adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb pajisjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar projektin jo n\u00eb localhost, por n\u00eb kompjuterin ton\u00eb t\u00eb integruar:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 8 - Ngarkimi i projektit n\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (fotoja \u00ebsht\u00eb klikueshme)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Si rezultat, p\u00ebrfundojm\u00eb me di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme (figura 9). N\u00eb an\u00ebn e majt\u00eb t\u00eb ekranit ka LED q\u00eb reflektojn\u00eb statusin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb gjith\u00eb sistemit (kompresorit), si dhe statusin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb valvulave (t\u00eb hapura ose t\u00eb mbyllura), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn qendrore t\u00eb ekranit - vizualizimi i procesit teknologjik me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kontrollit t\u00eb pajisjeve p\u00ebrmes \u00e7el\u00ebsave. Kur hapet ndonj\u00eb valvul, ngjyra ndryshon nga gri n\u00eb jeshile si n\u00eb valvul ashtu edhe n\u00eb magistralen p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 9 - Projekti i stacionit t\u00eb kompresor\u00ebve (GIF animacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      K\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> mund t\u00eb shkarkoni skedarin e k\u00ebtij projekti p\u00ebr njohuri. <\/p>\n
      N\u00eb figur\u00ebn 10 tregohet se si duket n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi ajo q\u00eb kemi arritur.<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nFigura 10 - Sistemi SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry<\/i>
      \n      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      P\u00ebrfundimet<\/h2>\n
      \nShfaqja e kompjuter\u00ebve industriale t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm t\u00eb integruar lejon zgjerimin dhe plot\u00ebsimin e funksionalitetit t\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebve logjik\u00eb programues. Instalimi i sistemeve t\u00eb tilla SCADA mbi to mund t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb detyrat e nj\u00eb prodhimi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl ose procesi teknologjik. P\u00ebr detyra m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me numra m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesish ose k\u00ebrkesa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr siguri, ndoshta do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vendosni server\u00eb t\u00eb plota, kabina automatike dhe PLC-t\u00eb e zakonshme. Por p\u00ebr pikat e automatizimit t\u00eb mes\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb vog\u00ebl si nd\u00ebrtesa prodhimi t\u00eb vogla, centralet termo, pompat ose sht\u00ebpit\u00eb inteligjente - nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb duket e arsyeshme. Sipas llogaritjeve tona, k\u00ebto pajisje do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr detyra deri n\u00eb 500 pika hyr\u00ebse-automatike.<\/p>\n
      N\u00ebse keni p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb dizajnimin n\u00eb redaktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm grafik\u00eb dhe nuk ju shqet\u00ebson fakti q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb krijoni vet\u00eb element\u00ebt e diagramit, at\u00ebher\u00eb opsioni me Rapid SCADA p\u00ebr Raspberry \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb optimal. Funksionaliteti i saj si nj\u00eb zgjidhje e gatshme \u00ebsht\u00eb disi i kufizuar, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb Open Source, por megjithat\u00eb lejon mbulimin e detyrave t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb prodhuese t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Prandaj, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrgatiteni para vetes shabllon\u00eb t\u00eb vizualizimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebr integrimin e ndoshta jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, por t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb projekteve tuaja. <\/p>\n
      Prandaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se sa e dobishme mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry dhe sa z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen projektet tuaja nga sistemet SCADA Open Source n\u00eb Linux, lind nj\u00eb pyetje e arsyeshme: cilat sisteme SCADA p\u00ebrdorni m\u00eb shpesh?<\/p>\n
      Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoruesit e regjistruar mund t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb anket\u00eb. Hyni<\/a><\/noindex>, ju lutemi.<\/p>\n
      Cilat sisteme SCADA p\u00ebrdorni m\u00eb shpesh?<\/h2>\n