{"id":53574,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:29","slug":"scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","title":{"rendered":"SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry: mit apo realitet?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
\nWinter Is Coming. Kontrollor\u00ebt logjik\u00eb t\u00eb programuesh\u00ebm (PLC) po z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen gradualisht nga kompjuter\u00ebt personal\u00eb t\u00eb integruar. Kjo ndodh sepse fuqia p\u00ebrpunuese e kompjuter\u00ebve i lejon nj\u00eb pajisjeje t\u00eb vetme t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb funksionet e nj\u00eb kontrollori t\u00eb programuesh\u00ebm, serveri dhe, n\u00ebse pajisja ka dalje HDMI, edhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb stacioni pune t\u00eb automatizuar p\u00ebr operatorin. Si p\u00ebrfundim: Web-server, pjesa OPC, baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe AWP n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb vetme, dhe e gjitha kjo me koston e nj\u00eb PLC-je t\u00eb vetme. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb industri. Si baz\u00eb do t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi Raspberry Pi, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb hap pas hapi procesin e instalimit t\u00eb sistemit Open Source SCADA falas me kod t\u00eb hapur, Rapid SCADA, t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb Rusi, si dhe do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb stacion kompresor abstrakt, detyrat e t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kontrollin n\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb kompresorit dhe tre valvulave, si edhe vizualizimin e procesit teknologjik t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb kompresuar.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDuhet t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb se kjo detyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhet n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra. N\u00eb thelb, ato nuk ndryshojn\u00eb aspak nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra; ndryshimi q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm te ana estetike dhe praktike. Pra, na nevojiten:<\/p>\n

1.1 Varianti i par\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton pranin\u00eb e vet\u00eb Raspberry Pi 2\/3\/4, si edhe nj\u00eb konvertuesi USB n\u00eb RS485 (i ashtuquajturi \u00abdongle\u00bb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb porositet n\u00eb Alliexpress).<\/p>\n

\"SCADA
\nFigura 1 \u2014 Raspberry Pi 2 dhe konvertues USB n\u00eb RS485<\/i><\/p>\n

1.2 Varianti i dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7do zgjidhje t\u00eb gatshme t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb Raspberry, t\u00eb rekomanduar p\u00ebr instalime n\u00eb kushte industriale, me porta RS485 t\u00eb integruara. P\u00ebr shembull, si ajo n\u00eb figur\u00ebn 2, e bazuar n\u00eb modulin Raspberry CM3+.
\n\"SCADA
\nFigura 2 \u2014 Pajisja AntexGate<\/i><\/p>\n

2. Pajisje me Modbus dhe disa regjistra kontrolli;<\/p>\n

3. PC me Windows p\u00ebr konfigurimin e projektit.<\/p>\n

\nFazat e zhvillimit:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pjesa I. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  2. Pjesa II. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  3. Pjesa III. Zhvillimi i projektit dhe ngarkimi i tij n\u00eb pajisje; <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  4. P\u00ebrfundime.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Pjesa I. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry<\/h2>\n

    1. Plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb formularin<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb Rapid Scada p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb paket\u00ebn e instalimit dhe shkarkojm\u00eb versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr Linux.<\/p>\n

    2. \u00c7arkivojm\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e shkarkuar dhe kopjojm\u00eb dosjen \u00abscada\u00bb n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb \/opt<\/i> t\u00eb pajisjes. <\/p>\n

    3. Vendosim tre skriptet nga dosja \u00abdaemons\u00bb n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb \/etc\/init.d<\/i><\/p>\n

    4. U japim akses t\u00eb plot\u00eb tre dosjeve t\u00eb aplikacionit:<\/p>\n

    sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/config\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/log\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/storage<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28005. I b\u00ebjm\u00eb skriptet t\u00eb ekzekutueshme:<\/p>\n
    sudo chmod +x \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh\nsudo \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28006. Shtojm\u00eb repository-n:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates\nsudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF\necho \"deb https:\/\/download.mono-project.com\/repo\/debian stable-stretch main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mono-official-stable.list\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28007. Instalojm\u00eb Mono .NET Framework:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install mono-complete<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28008. Instalojm\u00eb serverin HTTP Apache:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u28009. Instalojm\u00eb modulet shtes\u00eb:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280010. Krijojm\u00eb lidhjen p\u00ebr aplikacionin web:<\/p>\n
    sudo ln -s \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb \/var\/www\/html\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280011. Nga arkivi i shkarkuar, n\u00eb dosjen \u00abapache\u00bb, kopjojm\u00eb skedarin scada.conf<\/i> n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available<\/i><\/p>\n
    sudo a2ensite scada.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280012. Kalojm\u00eb te kjo rrug\u00eb sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/i> dhe shtojm\u00eb sa vijon n\u00eb fund t\u00eb skedarit:<\/p>\n
    Require all denied<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280013. Ekzekutojm\u00eb skriptin:<\/p>\n
    sudo \/opt\/scada\/svc_install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280014. Rinisim Raspberry:<\/p>\n
    sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280015. Hapim faqen e internetit:<\/p>\n
    http:\/\/IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n\u280016. N\u00eb dritaren q\u00eb hapet, vendosim emrin e p\u00ebrdoruesit \u00abadmin\u00bb<\/i> dhe fjal\u00ebkalimin \u00ab12345\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    Pjesa II. Instalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows<\/h2>\n
    \nInstalimi i Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Windows do t\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr konfigurimin e Raspberry dhe t\u00eb projektit. Teorikisht, kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb Raspberry, por mb\u00ebshtetja teknike na rekomandoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim mjedisin e zhvillimit n\u00eb Windows, pasi aty funksionon m\u00eb sakt\u00eb sesa n\u00eb Linux.<\/p>\n
    Pra, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsojm\u00eb Microsoft .NET Framework n\u00eb versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit;<\/li>\n
    2. Shkarkojm\u00eb OpenMediaVault<\/a><\/noindex> Rapid SCADA p\u00ebr Windows dhe e instalojm\u00eb n\u00eb modalitet autonom;<\/li>\n
    3. Nisim aplikacionin \u00abAdministrator\u00bb. N\u00eb t\u00eb do t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb vet\u00eb projektin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \nGjat\u00eb zhvillimit, duhet t\u2019u kushtohet v\u00ebmendje disa pikave:<\/p>\n
      1. Num\u00ebrimi i regjistrave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem SCADA fillon nga adresa 1, prandaj na u desh ta rrisnim me nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi num\u00ebrimin e regjistrave tan\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb: 512+1 e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 3 \u2014 Num\u00ebrimi i regjistrave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      2. P\u00ebr rikonfigurimin e direktorive dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb projektit n\u00eb sistemin operativ Linux, te cil\u00ebsimet duhet t\u00eb hyni te \u00abServer\u00bb -> \u00abParametrat e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm\u00bb dhe t\u00eb shtypni butonin \u00abP\u00ebr Linux\u00bb:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 4 \u2014 Rikonfigurimi i direktorive n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      3. P\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb port\u00ebn e anketimit p\u00ebr Modbus RTU ashtu si\u00e7 identifikohet n\u00eb sistemin Linux t\u00eb pajisjes. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \/dev\/ttyUSB0<\/i><\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 5 \u2014 Rikonfigurimi i direktorive n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      N\u00ebse lindin pyetje, t\u00eb gjitha udh\u00ebzimet shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr instalimin mund t\u2019i gjeni n\u00eb faqen e kompanis\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> ose n\u00eb kanalin e tyre n\u00eb YouTube<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      Pjesa III. Zhvillimi i projektit dhe ngarkimi i tij n\u00eb pajisje<\/h2>\n
      \nZhvillimi dhe vizualizimi i projektit realizohen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb shfletues. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e zakonshme pas sistemeve desktop SCADA, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje krejt\u00ebsisht e vlefshme. <\/p>\n
      Ve\u00e7mas vlen t\u00eb theksohet grupi i kufizuar i elementeve t\u00eb vizualizimit (figura 6). Nd\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt e integruar k\u00ebtu ka LED, buton, \u00e7el\u00ebs, lidhje dhe tregues. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb avantazh i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo SCADA mb\u00ebshtet imazhe dhe tekst dinamik. Me njohuri minimale t\u00eb redaktor\u00ebve grafik\u00eb (Corel, Adobe Photoshop etj.), mund t\u00eb krijohen biblioteka t\u00eb personalizuara t\u00eb imazheve, elementeve dhe teksturave, nd\u00ebrsa mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr elemente GIF lejon shtimin e animacionit n\u00eb vizualizimin e procesit teknologjik. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nFigura 6 \u2014 Mjetet e redaktorit t\u00eb skemave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA<\/i><\/p>\n
      Q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebtij artikulli nuk ishte t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruante hap pas hapi procesin e krijimit grafik t\u00eb nj\u00eb projekti n\u00eb Rapid SCADA. Prandaj, nuk do t\u00eb ndalemi n\u00eb detaje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb. N\u00eb mjedisin e zhvilluesit, projekti yn\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb \u00abSistemi i furnizimit me aj\u00ebr t\u00eb kompresuar\u00bb i stacionit t\u00eb kompresor\u00ebve duket si m\u00eb posht\u00eb (figura 7): <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 7 \u2014 Redaktori i skemave n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      M\u00eb pas e ngarkojm\u00eb projektin ton\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb pajisjes n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb projekti t\u00eb mos d\u00ebrgohet te localhost, por te kompjuteri yn\u00eb embedded:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 8 \u2014 Ngarkimi i projektit n\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb Rapid SCADA (imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, mor\u00ebm di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme me k\u00ebt\u00eb (figura 9). N\u00eb an\u00ebn e majt\u00eb t\u00eb ekranit ndodhen LED-t\u00eb q\u00eb pasqyrojn\u00eb statusin e funksionimit t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sistemit (kompresorit), si edhe statusin e valvulave (t\u00eb hapura ose t\u00eb mbyllura), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn qendrore t\u00eb ekranit paraqitet vizualizimi i procesit teknologjik me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kontrollit t\u00eb pajisjeve p\u00ebrmes \u00e7el\u00ebsave. Kur hapet nj\u00ebra ose tjetra valvul\u00eb, ngjyra ndryshon nga gri n\u00eb jeshile si te vet\u00eb valvula, ashtu edhe te linja p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nFigura 9 \u2014 Projekti i stacionit t\u00eb kompresor\u00ebve (animacioni GIF \u00ebsht\u00eb i klikuesh\u00ebm)<\/i><\/p>\n
      K\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex> mund ta shkarkoni skedarin e k\u00ebtij projekti p\u00ebr ta shqyrtuar. <\/p>\n
      N\u00eb figur\u00ebn 10 paraqitet se si duket n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi rezultati q\u00eb kemi arritur.<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nFigura 10 \u2014 Sistemi SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry<\/i>
      \n      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      P\u00ebrfundimet<\/h2>\n
      \nShfaqja e kompjuter\u00ebve industrial\u00eb t\u00eb integruar dhe t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur zgjerimin dhe plot\u00ebsimin e funksionalitetit t\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebve logjik\u00eb t\u00eb programuesh\u00ebm. Instalimi i sistemeve t\u00eb tilla SCADA mbi to mund t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb nevojat e nj\u00eb prodhimi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl ose t\u00eb nj\u00eb procesi teknologjik. P\u00ebr detyra m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues ose me k\u00ebrkesa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta sigurie, ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb nevojitet instalimi i server\u00ebve t\u00eb plot\u00eb, kabineteve t\u00eb automatizimit dhe PLC-ve tradicionale. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr pika automatizimi t\u00eb mesme dhe t\u00eb vogla, si nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb vogla prodhimi, kaldaja, stacione pompimi apo sht\u00ebpi inteligjente, nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb duket e arsyeshme. Sipas llogaritjeve tona, pajisje t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr detyra deri n\u00eb 500 pika hyrje-daljeje t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n
      N\u00ebse keni p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb me vizatim n\u00eb redaktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm grafik\u00eb dhe nuk ju pengon fakti q\u00eb do t\u2019ju duhet t\u2019i krijoni vet\u00eb elementet e mnemoskemave, at\u00ebher\u00eb varianti me Rapid SCADA n\u00eb Raspberry \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft optimal. Funksionaliteti i saj si zgjidhje e gatshme \u00ebsht\u00eb disi i kufizuar, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb Open Source, por edhe k\u00ebshtu lejon mbulimin e nevojave t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese t\u00eb vog\u00ebl prodhimi. Prandaj, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrgatisni p\u00ebr vete shabllone vizualizimi, k\u00ebt\u00eb zgjidhje mund ta p\u00ebrdorni fare mir\u00eb p\u00ebr integrimin, n\u00eb mos t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb projekteve tuaja. <\/p>\n
      K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar sa e dobishme mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr ju nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb n\u00eb Raspberry dhe sa leht\u00eb projektet tuaja mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen nga sistemet SCADA Open Source n\u00eb Linux, lind nj\u00eb pyetje krejt logjike: cilat sisteme SCADA p\u00ebrdorni m\u00eb shpesh?<\/p>\n
      Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoruesit e regjistruar mund t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb anket\u00eb. Hyni<\/a><\/noindex>, ju lutem.<\/p>\n
      Cilat sisteme SCADA p\u00ebrdorni m\u00eb shpesh?<\/h2>\n