{"id":53735,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:40","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:40","slug":"nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","title":{"rendered":"Grupimi real i kanaleve t\u00eb internetit \u2014 OpenMPTCPRouter","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Grupimi
\n
\nA \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb bashkohen disa kanale interneti n\u00eb nj\u00eb? Rreth k\u00ebsaj teme ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb keqkuptime dhe mite, madje inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb shpesh nuk din\u00eb se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, grupimi i kanaleve gabimisht quhet balancimi n\u00eb nivelin NAT ose failover. Por grupimi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb lejon t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje TCP t\u00eb vetme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha kanalet e internetit<\/b>, p\u00ebr shembull nj\u00eb transmetim video n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb ndonj\u00eb kanali interneti, transmetimi t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrpritet. <\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb zgjidhje komerciale t\u00eb shtrenjta p\u00ebr transmetime video, por k\u00ebto pajisje kushtojn\u00eb shum\u00eb mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb. Artikulli p\u00ebrshkruan konfigurimin e paket\u00ebs falas dhe t\u00eb hapur OpenMPTCPRouter, duke sqaruar mite t\u00eb njohura mbi grupimin e kanaleve.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Mitete mbi grupimin e kanaleve<\/h2>\n

\nKa shum\u00eb router\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin funksionin Multi-WAN. NdSometimes prodhuesit e quajn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grupim kanalesh, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e sakt\u00eb. Shum\u00eb nga rrjetar\u00ebt besojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 LACP<\/a><\/noindex> dhe p\u00ebrmbledhja n\u00eb nivelin L2, nuk ka asnj\u00eb bashkim tjet\u00ebr kanalesh. Kam d\u00ebgjuar shpesh nga njer\u00ebz q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb telekomunikacion se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithsesi e pamundur. Prandaj, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb mite t\u00eb njohura. <\/p>\n

Balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve IP<\/h2>\n

\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e aksesueshme dhe e njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar disa kanale interneti n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta thjeshtuar, le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se keni tre ofrues interneti, secili ofron nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP reale nga rrjeti i tij. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta ofrues jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb router q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet funksionin Multi-WAN. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb OpenWRT me paket\u00ebn mwan3, mikrotik, ubiquiti ose \u00e7far\u00ebdo routeri tjet\u00ebr sht\u00ebpiak, pasi tani kjo mund\u00ebsi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb modeluar situat\u00ebn, le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se ofruesit na dhan\u00eb k\u00ebto adresa:<\/p>\n

WAN1 \u2014 11.11.11.11\nWAN2 \u2014 22.22.22.22\nWAN2 \u2014 33.33.33.33\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPra, duke u lidhur me nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt example.com<\/b> p\u00ebrmes \u00e7do provajderi, serveri i larg\u00ebt do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb tre IP t\u00eb pavarura t\u00eb klientit. Balancimi lejon ndarjen e ngarkes\u00ebs mes kanaleve dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e treve nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. P\u00ebr thjesht\u00ebsi, le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se po e ndajm\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb mes t\u00eb gjitha kanaleve. Si rezultat, kur klienti hap nj\u00eb faqe interneti, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sipas kushteve ka tre imazhe, ai ngarkon \u00e7do imazh p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb provajderi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Nga ana e faqes, kjo duket si lidhje nga tri IP t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nMe balancimin n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve, \u00e7do lidhje TCP kalon p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb provajderi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ky\u00e7i i till\u00eb i balancimit shpesh sjell probleme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. P\u00ebr shembull, shum\u00eb faqe interneti lidhen ngusht\u00eb cookies dhe tokene me adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb klientit, dhe n\u00ebse ajo ndryshon papritur, k\u00ebrkesa hidhet posht\u00eb ose klienti shk\u00ebputet nga faqja. Kjo shpesh ndodh n\u00eb sistemet e bank\u00ebs online dhe n\u00eb faqet e tjera me rregulla strikte p\u00ebr sesionet e p\u00ebrdoruesve. Ja nj\u00eb shembull i thjesht\u00eb ilustruese: skedar\u00ebt muzikor\u00eb n\u00eb VK.com jan\u00eb t\u00eb aksesuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs t\u00eb vlefsh\u00ebm sesioni, i lidhur me IP, dhe p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb balancim t\u00eb till\u00eb, shpesh nuk luhet audio, sepse k\u00ebrkesa shkoi p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ofruesi tjet\u00ebr nga ai me t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur sesioni.<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nKur shkarkoni torrente, balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve bashkon kapacitetin e gjith\u00eb kanaleve.<\/p>\n
Kjo balancim mund\u00ebson p\u00ebrmbledhjen e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb internetit duke p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb lidhje. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse \u00e7do nj\u00eb nga tre ofruesit ka nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi prej 100 Megabite, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjat\u00eb shkarkimit t\u00eb torrent\u00ebve ne do t\u00eb fitojm\u00eb 300 Megabite. Kjo sepse torrent\u00ebt hapin shum\u00eb lidhje, t\u00eb cilat shp\u00ebrndahen mes t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesve dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kapacitetin e kanaleve.<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se nj\u00eb lidhje e vetme TCP gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ofruesi. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse po shkarkojm\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrmes HTTP, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo lidhje do t\u00eb realizohet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00ebrit nga ofruesit dhe, n\u00ebse lidhja me k\u00ebt\u00eb ofrues pritet, at\u00ebher\u00eb shkarkimi gjithashtu do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet. <\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nNj\u00eb lidhje gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb kanal interneti<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr transmetimet video. N\u00ebse po transmetoni video n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb platform\u00eb si Twitch, balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve IP nuk do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndonj\u00eb dobi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, pasi video-stream do t\u00eb transmetohet brenda nj\u00eb lidhjeje IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00ebse ofruesi i WAN 3 fillon t\u00eb ket\u00eb probleme me lidhjen, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb humbja e paketave ose ulja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kaloni menj\u00ebher\u00eb te nj\u00eb ofrues tjet\u00ebr. Transmetimi do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndalet dhe t\u00eb ri-konektiohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. <\/p>\n
Shtimi i kanaleve<\/h2>\n
\nShtimi real i kanaleve ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nj\u00eb lidhje te nj\u00eb platform\u00eb si Twitch p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesve, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb prej ofruesve d\u00ebshton, lidhja t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrpritet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb befasuese e komplikuar, e cila ende nuk ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje optimale. Shum\u00eb as nuk din\u00eb se nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur! <\/p>\n
Sipas ilustrimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, ne e dim\u00eb se serveri konvencional Twitch mund t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb nj\u00eb transmetim video vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP burimore, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ajo duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e pandryshueshme p\u00ebr ne, pavar\u00ebsisht se cilat ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve na bien, dhe cilat funksionojn\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb, na nevojitet nj\u00eb server agregues, i cili do t\u00eb terminonte t\u00eb gjitha lidhjet tona dhe t'i bashkonte ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nServeri agregues kombinon t\u00eb gjitha kanalet n\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel. T\u00eb gjitha lidhjet ndodhin nga adresa e serverit agregues.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit, dhe \u00e7far\u00ebdo \u00e7rregullimi nga nj\u00ebri prej tyre nuk do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje n\u00eb lidhjen me serverin Twitch. Thelbi, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel VPN i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, i cili fsheh brenda vetes disa kanale interneti. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i k\u00ebsaj skeme \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh nj\u00eb kanal komunikimi sa m\u00eb cil\u00ebsor. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb ofrues ka filluar t\u00eb ket\u00eb probleme, humbje paketa, rritje t\u00eb vonesave, kjo nuk duhet t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidhjes, pasi ngarkesa do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahet automatikisht n\u00eb kanale t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion. <\/p>\n
Zgjidhje tregtare<\/h3>\n
\nKy problemi ka shqet\u00ebsuar prej koh\u00ebsh ata q\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt ngjarje dhe nuk kan\u00eb akses n\u00eb internet t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto detyra ekzistojn\u00eb disa zgjidhje tregtare, p\u00ebr shembull, kompania Teradek prodhon routera masiv\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt futen grumbuj modemash USB:<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nRouter p\u00ebr transmetimin e videove me funksionin e grumbullimit t\u00eb kanaleve<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebto pajisje, zakonisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtuar mund\u00ebsia e kapjes s\u00eb sinjalit video p\u00ebrmes HDMI ose SDI. Bashk\u00eb me routerin shitet nj\u00eb abonim p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin e grumbullimit t\u00eb kanaleve, si dhe p\u00ebr procesimin e fluxit video, rikodimin e tij dhe retransmetimin m\u00eb tej. \u00c7mimi i k\u00ebtyre pajisjeve fillon nga 2,000 $ me komplet modemash, plus ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7 abonimi p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin. <\/p>\n
Disa her\u00eb, kjo duket mjaft frik\u00ebsuese:<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\n<\/p>\n
Konfigurojm\u00eb OpenMPTCPRouter<\/h2>\n
\nProtokolli MP-TCP<\/a><\/noindex> (MultiPath TCP) \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar lidhjen p\u00ebrmes disa kanaleve nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr shembull, kjo mb\u00ebshtetet nga iOS<\/a><\/noindex> dhe mund t\u00eb lidhet nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes WiFi dhe rrjetit celular. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptohet se k\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb dy lidhje TCP t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por nj\u00eb lidhje e vetme, e cila vendoset nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmes dy kanaleve. P\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, serveri i larg\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb gjithashtu MPTCP.<\/p>\n
OpenMPTCPRouter<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i hapur i router-it programor, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb grumbullohen realisht kanalet. Autor\u00ebt shpallin se projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb statusin alpha, por ai mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret tashm\u00eb. Ai p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy pjes\u00eb \u2014 nj\u00eb server grumbullues, i cili vendoset n\u00eb internet dhe routeri, t\u00eb cilit i lidhen disa ofrues interneti dhe vet\u00eb pajisjet klient: kompjuter\u00ebt, telefonat. Si router i p\u00ebrdoruesit mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb Raspberry Pi, disa routera WiFi ose nj\u00eb kompjuter i zakonsh\u00ebm. Ka nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb gatshme p\u00ebr platforma t\u00eb ndryshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme.<\/p>\n
\"Grupimi
\nPrincipe i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb OpenMPTCPRouter<\/p>\n
Konfigurimi i serverit grumbullues<\/h2>\n
\nServeri grumbullues \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb internet dhe terminon lidhjet nga t\u00eb gjitha kanalet e router-it t\u00eb klientit n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. Adresa IP e k\u00ebtij serveri do t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa ekstern kur del n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes OpenMPTCPRouter. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb server VPS n\u00eb Debian 10.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr serverin e p\u00ebrmbledhjes:<\/p>\n