{"id":53735,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:40","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:40","slug":"nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","title":{"rendered":"Kombinimi aktual i kanaleve t\u00eb internetit \u2013 OpenMPTCPRouter","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kombinimi
\n
\nA mund t\u00eb bashkohen disa kanale interneti n\u00eb nj\u00eb? Ka shum\u00eb keqkuptime dhe mite rreth k\u00ebsaj teme, madje edhe inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb shpesh nuk e din\u00eb q\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, kombinimi i kanaleve gabimisht quhet balancim n\u00eb nivelin NAT ose failover. Por kombinimi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb fus\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb vetme TCP n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kanalet e internetit<\/b>, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb transmetim video n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb ndonj\u00ebrit nga kanalet e internetit, transmetimi t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrpritet. <\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb zgjidhje komerciale t\u00eb shtrenjta p\u00ebr transmetimet video, por k\u00ebto pajisje kushtojn\u00eb shum\u00eb mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb. Ky artikull p\u00ebrshkruan konfigurimin e paket\u00ebs falas dhe t\u00eb hapur OpenMPTCPRouter dhe shqyrton mite t\u00eb njohura rreth kombinimit t\u00eb kanaleve.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Mit\u00ebt rreth kombinimit t\u00eb kanaleve<\/h2>\n

\nKa shum\u00eb router\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin funksionin Multi-WAN. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb prodhuesit e quajn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kombinim t\u00eb kanaleve, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Shum\u00eb specialist\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit besojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 LACP<\/a><\/noindex> dhe kombinimit n\u00eb nivelin L2, nuk ekziston ndonj\u00eb bashkim tjet\u00ebr i kanaleve. Kam d\u00ebgjuar shpesh se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e pamundur nga njer\u00ebz q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb telekomunikacione. Prandaj, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb mitet e njohura. <\/p>\n

Balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve IP<\/h2>\n

\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e aksesueshme dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar disa kanale interneti nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. P\u00ebr thjesht\u00ebsi, imagjinoni se keni tre ofrues interneti, secili ju jep nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP reale nga rrjeti i tyre. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta ofrues jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb router me funksionin Multi-WAN. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb OpenWRT me paket\u00ebn mwan3, mikrotik, ubiquiti, ose ndonj\u00eb router tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, pasi tani nj\u00eb opsion i till\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb modeluar situat\u00ebn, imagjinoni se ofruesit na dhan\u00eb adresat e tilla:<\/p>\n

WAN1 \u2014 11.11.11.11\nWAN2 \u2014 22.22.22.22\nWAN2 \u2014 33.33.33.33\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPra, duke u lidhur me nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt example.com<\/b> p\u00ebrmes \u00e7do ofruesi, serveri i larg\u00ebt do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb tre IP t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb klientit. Balancimi lejon ndarjen e ngarkes\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes kanaleve dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e t\u00eb treve nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. P\u00ebr thjesht\u00ebsi, le t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se ne po ndajm\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn nj\u00ebsoj n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha kanalet. Si rezultat, kur klienti hap nj\u00eb faqe, ku ndryshe jan\u00eb tre pamje, ai ngarkon secil\u00ebn pamje p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ofruesi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn e faqes, kjo duket si lidhje nga tre IP t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nMe balancimin n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve, \u00e7do lidhje TCP kalon p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ofruesi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ky mod i balancimit shpesh sjell probleme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. P\u00ebr shembull, shum\u00eb faqe e lidhin ngusht\u00ebsisht cookie dhe token\u00ebt me IP-n\u00eb e klientit, dhe n\u00ebse papritmas ndryshohet, k\u00ebrkesa refuzohet ose klienti shk\u00ebputet nga faqja. Kjo shpesh ndodh n\u00eb sistemet e bank\u00ebs p\u00ebr klient\u00eb dhe n\u00eb faqet e tjera me rregulla t\u00eb rrepta mbi seancat e p\u00ebrdoruesve. Ja nj\u00eb shembull i thjesht\u00eb ilustrues: skedar\u00ebt muzikor\u00eb n\u00eb VK.com jan\u00eb t\u00eb aksesuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs t\u00eb vlefsh\u00ebm seance, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me IP-n\u00eb, dhe te klient\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb balancim t\u00eb till\u00eb, shpesh nuk luajn\u00eb audio, p\u00ebr shkak se k\u00ebrkesa ka shkuar jo p\u00ebrmes atij ofruesi me t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur seanca.<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nMe ngarkimin e torrent\u00ebve, balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve kombinon kapacitetin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kanaleve.<\/p>\n
Ky balancim lejon grumbullimin e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb internetit, duke p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb lidhje. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse \u00e7do ofrues ka nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi prej 100 Megabit, at\u00ebher\u00eb me ngarkimin e torrent\u00ebve ne do t\u00eb marrim 300 Megabit. Sepse torrentet hapin shum\u00eb lidhje, t\u00eb cilat shp\u00ebrndahen midis t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesve dhe n\u00eb fund shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kanalin.<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se nj\u00eb lidhje TCP gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ofruesi. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, n\u00ebse ne po shkarkojm\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrmes HTTP, kjo lidhje do t\u00eb realizohet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00ebrit prej ofruesve, dhe n\u00ebse lidhja me at\u00eb ofrues nd\u00ebrpritet, at\u00ebher\u00eb shkarkimi do t\u00eb d\u00ebshtoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nNj\u00eb lidhje gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb kanal t\u00eb internetit<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr transmetimet video. N\u00ebse ju transmetoni video t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta n\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb si Twitch, balancimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve IP nuk do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, pasi video-p\u00ebrmbajtja do t\u00eb transmetohet brenda nj\u00eb lidhjeje IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00ebse ofruesi i WAN ka probleme me lidhjen, si humbje paketa ose ulje t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kaloni menj\u00ebher\u00eb te nj\u00eb ofrues tjet\u00ebr. Transmetimi do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndalet dhe t\u00eb rikonfigurohet nga e para. <\/p>\n
Grupimi aktual i kanaleve<\/h2>\n
\nGrupimi real i kanaleve mund\u00ebson kalimin e nj\u00eb lidhjeje n\u00eb platform\u00ebn Twitch p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesve, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebri prej ofruesve d\u00ebshton, lidhja t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrpritet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb mjaft e komplikuar, e cila ende nuk ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje optimale. Shum\u00eb madje nuk e din\u00eb se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur! <\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 e kujtojm\u00eb nga ilustrimet e m\u00ebparshme, nj\u00eb server hipotetik Twitch mund t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb nga ne video-p\u00ebrmbajtje vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP burimore, prandaj ajo duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e pandryshuar, pavar\u00ebsisht se cil\u00ebt ofrues na jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar dhe cil\u00ebt funksionojn\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb na nevojitet nj\u00eb server grupues, i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha lidhjet tona dhe t'i bashkoj\u00eb ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vetme.<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nServeri grupues agregon t\u00eb gjitha kanalet n\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel. T\u00eb gjitha lidhjet ndodhin nga adresa e serverit grupues.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit dhe \u00e7aktivizimi i ndonj\u00ebrit prej tyre nuk do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjen e lidhjes me serverin Twitch. N\u00eb thelb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel VPN i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilin ka disa kanale interneti. Objektivi kryesor i k\u00ebsaj skeme \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal komunikimi sa m\u00eb cil\u00ebsor. N\u00ebse n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ofrues nisin problemet, humbjet e paketa, rritja e vonesave, kjo nuk duhet t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb fare n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidhjes, pasi ngarkesa automatikisht do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00eb kanalet e tjera m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb. <\/p>\n
Zgjidhjet komerciale<\/h3>\n
\nKjo problem i ka shqet\u00ebsuar prej koh\u00ebsh ata q\u00eb organizojn\u00eb transmetime t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb ngjarjeve dhe nuk kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb internet t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto detyra ekzistojn\u00eb disa zgjidhje komerciale, p\u00ebr shembull, kompania Teradek prodhon routera t\u00eb till\u00eb monstruoz\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat inserohen grupe modemesh USB:<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nRouter p\u00ebr transmetimin e videove me funksionin e agregimit t\u00eb kanaleve<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebto pajisje zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e integruar mund\u00ebsia e kapjen e sinjalit video p\u00ebrmes HDMI ose SDI. Bashk\u00eb me routerin shitet nj\u00eb abonim p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin e agregimit t\u00eb kanaleve, si dhe p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e videostokut, rikodimin e tij dhe ri-transmetimin m\u00eb tej. \u00c7mimi i k\u00ebtyre pajisjeve fillon nga 2,000$ me komplekset e modem\u00ebve, plus abonim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin. <\/p>\n
Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kjo duket mjaft frik\u00ebsuese:<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\n<\/p>\n
Konfigurojm\u00eb OpenMPTCPRouter<\/h2>\n
\nProtokolli MP-TCP<\/a><\/noindex> (MultiPath TCP) u shpik p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidhjes p\u00ebrmes shum\u00eb kanaleve nj\u00ebherazi. P\u00ebr shembull, ai p\u00ebrkrah iOS<\/a><\/noindex> dhe mund t\u00eb lidh\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes WiFi dhe p\u00ebrmes rrjetit celular. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptoni se kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dy lidhje TCP t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje e vetme, e vendosur p\u00ebrmes dy kanaleve. Q\u00eb kjo t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, serveri i larg\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb gjithashtu MPTCP.<\/p>\n
OpenMPTCPRouter<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i hapur i router-it software, q\u00eb lejon verit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb aggreguar kanale. Autor\u00ebt thon\u00eb se projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb statusin e versionit alfa, por tashm\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret. Ai p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy pjes\u00eb - serveri agregues, i cili vendoset n\u00eb internet dhe router-i, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin lidhen disa ofrues interneti dhe vet\u00eb pajisjet klientike: kompjuter\u00ebt, telefonat. Si router p\u00ebrdorues mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb Raspberry Pi, disa router WiFi ose nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatshme nd\u00ebrtimet p\u00ebr platforma t\u00eb ndryshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme.<\/p>\n
\"Kombinimi
\nPrinci i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb OpenMPTCPRouter<\/p>\n
Konfigurimi i serverit agregues<\/h2>\n
\nServeri agregues \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb internet dhe p\u00ebrfundon lidhjet nga t\u00eb gjitha kanalet e router-it klient n\u00eb nj\u00eb. Adresa IP e k\u00ebtij serveri do t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa eksternale kur del n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes OpenMPTCPRouter. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb server VPS n\u00eb Debian 10.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr serverin agregues:<\/p>\n