{"id":53753,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:41","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:41","slug":"nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","title":{"rendered":"Po vjen epoka e server\u00ebve ARM?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Po<\/a><\/noindex>
\nMotherboard SynQuacer E-Series for 24-core ARM server with ARM Cortex A53 processor and 32 GB of RAM, December 2018<\/a><\/noindex><\/i> <\/p>\n

For many years, ARM processors with a reduced instruction set (RISC) have dominated the mobile device market. However, they have not been able to penetrate data centers, where Intel and AMD with x86 instruction set still reign supreme. Occasionally, exotic solutions appear, such as a 24-core ARM server on the Banana Pi platform<\/a><\/noindex>, but serious offerings have been scarce. To be precise, none have emerged until this week.<\/p>\n

This week, AWS launched its own 64-core ARM processors in the cloud, Graviton2<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0\u2014 a system-on-chip featuring the ARM Neoverse N1 core. The company claims that Graviton2 is significantly faster than previous-generation ARM processors in EC2 A1 instances, and here are the first independent tests<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nThe infrastructure business is about comparing numbers. Essentially, data center or cloud service clients do not care about the architecture of the processors. They are concerned with the price-performance ratio. If working on ARM is cheaper than on x86, they will choose ARM. <\/p>\n

Until recently, it was challenging to definitively say that computing on ARM would be more cost-effective than on x86. For instance, the server-grade 24-core ARM Cortex A53 is a model SocioNext SC2A11<\/a><\/noindex> costing around $1000, which could run a web server on Ubuntu, but significantly lagged behind x86 processors in performance.<\/p>\n

However, the impressive energy efficiency of ARM processors keeps attracting attention. For example, the SocioNext SC2A11 consumes only 5 W. Electricity accounts for nearly 20% of data center expenses. If these chips deliver respectable performance, x86 may have no chance.<\/p>\n

The First Coming of ARM: EC2 A1 Instances<\/h2>\n

\nIn late 2018, AWS introduced EC2 A1 instances<\/a><\/noindex> based on their own ARM processors. This was definitely a signal for the industry about potential changes in the market, but benchmark results turned out to be disappointing.<\/p>\n

The table below shows the stress testing results<\/a><\/noindex> of EC2 A1 (ARM) instances and EC2 M5d.metal (x86). The testing utilized the stress-ng<\/code>:<\/p>\n

stress-ng --metrics-brief --cache 16 --icache 16 --matrix 16 --cpu 16 --memcpy 16 --qsort 16 --dentry 16 --timer 16 -t 1m<\/code><\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 po e shohim, A1 u tregua m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha testet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 cache-it. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e treguesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, ARM ka pasur nj\u00eb disavantazh t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm. Kjo diferenc\u00eb n\u00eb performanc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se diferenca e \u00e7mimit prej 46% midis A1 dhe M5. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, instancat me procesor\u00eb x86 vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme n\u00eb raportin \u00e7mim\/p\u00ebrformanc\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Test
\nEC2 A1
\nEC2 M5d.metal
\nDiferen\u00e7a<\/p>\n

cache
\n1280
\n311
\n311,58%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n18209
\n34368
\n-47,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

matrix
\n77932
\n252190
\n-69,10%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n9336
\n24077
\n-61,22%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n21085
\n111877
\n-81,15%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n522
\n728
\n-28,30%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n1389634
\n2770985
\n-49.85%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n4970125
\n15367075
\n-67,66%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nSigurisht, mikrobatimet nuk tregojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje objektive. Diferenca n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn reale t\u00eb aplikacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Por edhe k\u00ebtu, situata nuk ishte m\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Koleg\u00ebt e Scylla krahasuan instancat a1.metal dhe m5.4xlarge me num\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb procesor\u00ebsh. N\u00eb testin standard t\u00eb leximit t\u00eb baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave NoSQL me nj\u00eb nod, e para tregoi 102,000 operacione leximi n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa e dyta 610,000. N\u00eb t\u00eb dy rastet, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb procesor\u00ebt e disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb 100%. Kjo i korrespondon nj\u00eb r\u00ebnjeje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs rreth gjasht\u00eb her\u00eb, e cila nuk shp\u00ebrblehet nga \u00e7mimi m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, instancat A1 funksionojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb EBS pa mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb shpejta NVMe, si n\u00eb instancat e tjera.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, A1 ishte nj\u00eb hap n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb ri, por nuk p\u00ebrmbushi pritjet p\u00ebr ARM.<\/p>\n

Ringjallja e ARM: instancat EC2 M6<\/h2>\n

\n\"Po<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha ndryshoi k\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb, kur AWS prezantoj nj\u00eb klas\u00eb t\u00eb re server\u00ebsh ARM, si dhe nj\u00eb mori instancash me procesor\u00ebt e rinj Graviton2<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb M6g dhe M6gd<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i k\u00ebtyre instancave tregon nj\u00eb pamje krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb disa teste, ARM tregohet m\u00eb mir\u00eb, dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb, se x86.<\/p>\n

Ja rezultatet e ekzekutimit t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs komand\u00eb testimi stresi:<\/p>\n

Test<\/strong>
\nEC2 M6g<\/strong>
\nEC2 M5d.metal<\/strong>
\nDiferen\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

cache
\n218
\n311
\n-29,90%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n45887
\n34368
\n33,52%<\/strong><\/p>\n

matrix
\n453982
\n252190
\n80,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n14694
\n24077
\n-38,97%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n134711
\n111877
\n20,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n943
\n728
\n29,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n3088242
\n2770985
\n11,45%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n55515663
\n15367075
\n261,26%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje krejt\u00ebsisht e ndryshme: M6g \u00ebsht\u00eb pes\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb se A1 n\u00eb kryerjen e operacioneve t\u00eb leximit nga baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Scylla NoSQL, dhe n\u00eb instancat e reja M6gd punojn\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb shpejta NVMe.<\/p>\n

Avancimi i ARM n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha frontet<\/h2>\n

\nProcesori AWS Graviton2 \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shembull i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb ARM n\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Por sinjalet po vijn\u00eb nga p\u00ebrtej. P\u00ebr shembull, m\u00eb 15 n\u00ebntor 2019, startapi amerikan Nuvia siguroi 53 milion dollar\u00eb financim nga burime venturash<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Startapi u themelua nga tri inxhinier\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin angazhuar n\u00eb krijimin e procesor\u00ebve n\u00eb Apple dhe Google. Ata premtojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb procesor\u00eb p\u00ebr qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb do t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb me Intel dhe AMD.<\/p>\n

Sipas Sipas informacioneve q\u00eb kemi<\/a><\/noindex>, Nuvia projektuan nga e para nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb procesori q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet \"sip\u00ebr\" arkitektur\u00ebs ARM, por pa marr\u00eb licenc\u00ebn ARM.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto tregojn\u00eb se procesor\u00ebt ARM jan\u00eb gati t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb tregun e server\u00ebve. Fundja, ne jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb epok\u00ebn pas-PC. D\u00ebrgesat vjetore t\u00eb x86 kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb me pothuajse 10% q\u00eb nga kulmi n\u00eb 2011, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7ipat RISC jan\u00eb rritur n\u00eb 20 miliard\u00eb. Sot, 99% e procesor\u00ebve 32- dhe 64-bit n\u00eb bot\u00eb jan\u00eb RISC.<\/p>\n

Fituesit e \u00e7mimit Turing, John Hennessy dhe David Patterson publikuan nj\u00eb artikull n\u00eb shkurt 2019 \u00abNj\u00eb epok\u00eb e re e artit t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja \u00e7far\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb ata: <\/p>\n

Tregu ka rregulluar debatin mes RISC dhe CISC. Megjith\u00ebse CISC fitoi fazat e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb epok\u00ebs PC, RISC po fiton tani, kur ka filluar epoka pas-PC. Nuk jan\u00eb krijuar ISA t\u00eb reja n\u00eb CISC p\u00ebr disa dekada. P\u00ebr habi, mendimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm mbi principet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb ISA p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm sot ende \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb RISC, 35 vjet pas shpikjes s\u00eb tij\u2026 N\u00eb ekosistemat me burim t\u00eb hapur, \u00e7ipat e dizajnuar mjesht\u00ebrisht do t\u00eb demonstrojn\u00eb me bindje arritjet dhe k\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtojn\u00eb adoptimin komercial. Filozofia e procesor\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebto \u00e7ipa, me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb RISC, e cila ka q\u00ebndruar gjat\u00eb prov\u00ebs s\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Pritet t\u00eb ket\u00eb inovacione t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb shpejta si gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb art\u00eb, por k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb me perspektiv\u00ebn e kostos, energjis\u00eb dhe siguris\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm me performanc\u00ebn.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u00abN\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e ardhshme do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthim kambri t\u00eb arkitekturave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve, duke n\u00ebnkuptuar koh\u00eb emocionuese p\u00ebr arkitekt\u00ebt e kompjuter\u00ebve n\u00eb universitete dhe n\u00eb industri\u00bb, p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb ata n\u00eb fund t\u00eb artikullit.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043dc\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 SynQuacer E-Series \u0434\u043b\u044f 24-\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ARM-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435 ARM Cortex A53 \u0441 32 \u0413\u0411 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b ARM \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (RISC) \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 Intel \u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 x86. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Po vjen epoka e server\u00ebve ARM? | ProHoster","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 ARM-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432? | ProHoster","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-12-08T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:01:41+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"53753","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 08:36:23","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:18:29","updated":"2026-01-24 08:36:23","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53753\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}