{"id":54267,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","title":{"rendered":"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kur p\u00ebrballesh me nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje dhe kalon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe dokumentacioni, p\u00ebrpiqu t\u00eb sistematizosh dhe shkruash at\u00eb q\u00eb ke m\u00ebsuar, p\u00ebr ta mbajtur m\u00eb mir\u00eb mend. Gjithashtu, krijo nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzim mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos kaluar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dokumentacioni fillestar gjendet n\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com\">https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de\">https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"postanovka-zadachi\">Formulimi i detyr\u00ebs<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Klienti d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb bashkoj\u00eb disa server\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb me qira n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar p\u00ebr disa n\u00ebnrrjeta t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr ta lidhur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb biznesin e tij p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb router-i, p\u00ebr t'u dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre adresa lokale brenda, dhe p\u00ebr t'u mbrojtur me nj\u00eb firewall. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafiku sh\u00ebrbyes t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb brenda VLAN-it. Gjithashtu, t\u00eb transferoj\u00eb virtualet nga nj\u00eb server t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb ri dhe t\u00eb heq\u00eb dor\u00eb nga ai, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb pajisjet e vjetra duke kaluar n\u00eb Proxmox t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fillimisht klienti ka 5 server\u00eb, \u00e7do nj\u00eb me nj\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, adresa e par\u00eb nga n\u00ebnrrjeta e dh\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ur\u00eb shtes\u00eb n\u00eb Proxmox <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/fa42daab8b3703e4a1bf926bc421e885.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>VM-t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb Windows dhe kan\u00eb caktuar adres\u00ebn 85.x.x.177\/29 me gateway 85.x.x.176<br \/>\nDhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 5 server\u00ebt jan\u00eb konfiguruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me makinat e tyre virtuale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme se kjo konfigurim \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar n\u00eb konfigurimin e rrjetit, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur adres\u00ebn e rrjetit p\u00ebr nyj\u00ebn e par\u00eb dhe e nj\u00ebjta p\u00ebr gateway. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale n\u00eb Ubuntu - rrjeti nuk funksionon.<br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"realizaciya\">Implementimi<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Krijojm\u00eb vSwitch n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe, caktojm\u00eb VLAN ID-n\u00eb, e shtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vSwitch n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb server\u00ebt q\u00eb na duhen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/46183290bf149dc532816bb36206178e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb server testues, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb dhe kalojm\u00eb pa probleme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nisim makin\u00eb virtuale chr sipas <strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.mikrotik.com\/wiki\/Manual:CHR_ProxMox_installation\">udh\u00ebzimeve p\u00ebr proxmox<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni skriptin e dh\u00ebn\u00eb, vini re se n\u00eb fillim kontrollohet ekzistenca e dosjes -d \/root\/temp, dhe n\u00ebse nuk ekziston, krijohet dosja \/home\/root\/temp, megjithat\u00eb puna vazhdon n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me dosjen \/root\/temp. Skripti duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar dosjen p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konfigurojm\u00eb rrjetin p\u00ebr Proxmox.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8a259a88ae768c811198408833ff7555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Shto nj\u00eb n\u00ebn interfejs me numrin e VLAN-it, specifikoni se konfigurimi i adresave do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb ura duke p\u00ebrdorur inet manual. E R\u00cbND\u00cbSISHME. Nuk mund t\u00eb konfigurohen IP-et n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet q\u00eb m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb lidhen n\u00eb bridge, si do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb kjo dhe a do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb askush nuk e di.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pastaj krijojm\u00eb bridge vmbr0 \u2013 dhe ndajm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb serverit ton\u00eb, e cila na \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga ofruesi Hetzner, tregojm\u00eb portin e bridge-it \u2013 nd\u00ebrfaqja fizike e par\u00eb pa VLAN, si dhe tregojm\u00eb me nj\u00eb komand\u00eb shtes\u00eb shtimin e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr rrjetin ton\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, t\u00eb porositur n\u00eb Hetzner p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb server p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij bridge. Shtimi i rrug\u00ebs do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb kur nd\u00ebrfaqja t\u00eb ngrihet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bridge-i i dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqja p\u00ebr trafikun lokal, shtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb midisserver\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm Proxmox n\u00eb rrjetin lokal pa dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet dhe tregojm\u00eb portin e n\u00ebninterf\u00ebsit eno1.4000, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb p\u00ebr VlanID ton\u00eb.<br \/>\nGjat\u00eb konfigurimit fillestar, ndodhen k\u00ebshilla q\u00eb mund t\u00eb vendosim paket\u00ebn ifupdown2 p\u00ebr Proxmox dhe mund t\u00eb mos e rindezim serverin krejt\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr ndryshimet n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet rrjetit. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristike vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr konfigurimin fillestar, dhe kur p\u00ebrdorni bridge-\u00eb dhe konfiguroni tashm\u00eb makin\u00ebn virtuale, p\u00ebrballeni me probleme n\u00eb humbjen e rrjetit n\u00eb virtuale. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ju keni ndryshuar, p\u00ebr shembull, nd\u00ebrfaqen vmbr2, dhe kur aplikoni konfigurimin, rrjeti humbet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet e brendshme dhe nuk ngrihet derisa serveri t\u00eb rindezhet plot\u00ebsisht. ifdown&amp;&amp;ifup nuk ndihmojn\u00eb. N\u00ebse dikush ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje \u2013 do t\u00eb isha falenderues.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nd\u00ebrfaqja e par\u00eb e konfiguruar n\u00eb server mbetet funksionale dhe e aksesueshme.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Rezervimi i nj\u00eb adrese p\u00ebr CHR p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos humbur adresat nga pool-i.<br \/>\nPool-i i adresave q\u00eb jep Hetzner duket p\u00ebr nj\u00eb administrator rrjeti mjaft i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, af\u00ebrsisht k\u00ebshtu: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d6f74e42e41a6bdeb7f172089b7c48fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7udia q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se porti i tij ofrohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb adres\u00ebn fizike t\u00eb vet\u00eb serverit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Varianti klasik, i propozuar nga vet\u00eb Hetzner, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nga klienti n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb autonome. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb variant, klienti humb adres\u00ebn e par\u00eb p\u00ebr adres\u00ebn e rrjetit, adres\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb n\u00eb bridge-in proxmox dhe ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb porti, dhe adres\u00ebn e fundit p\u00ebr broadcast. Adresat IPv4 nuk jan\u00eb kurr\u00eb t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrpiqeni drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb regjistroni n\u00eb CHR adres\u00ebn IP 136.x.x.177\/29 dhe portin p\u00ebr 0.0.0.0\/0 148.x.x.165, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb porta nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e lidhur direkt dhe prandaj do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e pap\u00ebrfshir\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ca6ba7eab91409c85a388135c050388e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Problemi mund t\u00eb zgjidhet n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni rrjetin 32 p\u00ebr \u00e7do adres\u00eb dhe duke shpallur emrin e rrjetit adres\u00ebn q\u00eb na nevojitet, e cila mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo. K\u00ebshtu, krijohet nj\u00eb analogji e nj\u00eb lidhjeje point-to-point.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6b7ac19527459656141c519c263f744b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, porti natyrisht do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm, dhe gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb ashtu si\u00e7 na nevojitet.<br \/>\nKujdes, sepse n\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk rekomandohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret rregulli SRC-NAT masquerade, pasi adresa dal\u00ebse do t\u00eb jet\u00eb paqart\u00ebsisht e ndryshme, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb tregoni veprimin: src-NAT dhe adres\u00ebn specifike nga e cila do t\u00eb l\u00ebshoni klientin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht.<br \/>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar aksesin n\u00eb vet\u00eb Proxmox nga interneti, p\u00ebrdorni mjetet e integruara: ka nj\u00eb firewall t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Si siht do me \/ Konfigurimi i rrjetit dhe VLAN n\u00eb serverin e dedikuar Hetzner dhe Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/898e599c2a83e4b4e1b481fbd196338b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rekomandueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni firewall-in q\u00eb ofrohet nga hetzner, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos ngat\u00ebrroheni n\u00eb vendndodhjen e konfigurimeve. Po ashtu, hetzner do t\u00eb veproj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrjetet, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb CHR, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur dhe kaluar portet do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb hapni gjithashtu n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e uebit t\u00eb ofruesit.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/481290\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 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