{"id":54351,"date":"2019-12-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-23T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:21","slug":"istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","title":{"rendered":"Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain-it: serverat e par\u00eb DNS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Her\u00ebn e kaluar ne filluam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 kujtuam se nga filloi projekti dhe cilat probleme kishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur n\u00eb rrjetin ARPANET. Sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr serverin e par\u00eb DNS BIND.<\/p>\n

\"Historia<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto - John Markos O'Neill<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

Server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS<\/h2>\n

\nPasiq\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1983 Paul Mockapetris dhe Jon Postel\u00a0propozuan konceptin<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0e emrave t\u00eb domen\u00ebve p\u00ebr rrjetin ARPANET, ai u miratua mjaft shpejt nga komuniteti IT. Nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb e realizuan at\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb ishin inxhinier\u00ebt nga Universiteti i Berkley. N\u00eb vitin 1984, kat\u00ebr student\u00eb paraqit\u00ebn serverin e par\u00eb DNS \u2014 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND). Ata punuan n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb granti t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga Agjencia e Projekteve t\u00eb K\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb Avancuar t\u00eb Departamentit t\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb (DARPA).<\/p>\n

Sistemi i zhvilluar nga student\u00ebt e universitetit automatikisht p\u00ebrcillte emrin DNS n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP dhe anasjelltas. \u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se kur kodi i saj u ngarkua n\u00eb BSD<\/a><\/noindex> (sistemi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb softuerit), versioni i par\u00eb tashm\u00eb kishte numrin e versionit 4.3. Fillimisht, serveri DNS u p\u00ebrdor nga punonj\u00ebsit e laboratoreve t\u00eb universitetit. Deri n\u00eb versionin 4.8.3, zhvillimi i BIND ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb hulumtimit t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Berkley \u2014 Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), por n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb viteve 1980, serveri DNS doli jasht\u00eb universitetit \u2014 ai u dor\u00ebzua n\u00eb duar t\u00eb Paul Vixie nga korporata\u00a0DEC<\/a><\/noindex>. Paul l\u00ebshoi p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet 4.9 dhe 4.9.1, dhe m\u00eb pas themeloi Internet Software Consortium (ISC), i cili q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb BIND. Sipas fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb Paul, t\u00eb gjitha versionet e m\u00ebparshme ishin bazuar n\u00eb kodin e student\u00ebve nga Berkley, dhe gjat\u00eb pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb viteve t\u00eb kaluara ai e kishte shteruar plot\u00ebsisht mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr modernizimin. Prandaj, n\u00eb vitin 2000, BIND u shkrua nga e para.<\/p>\n

Serveri BIND p\u00ebrfshin disa biblioteka dhe komponent\u00eb q\u00eb realizojn\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn \u00abklient-server\u00bb t\u00eb DNS dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr konfigurimin e funksioneve t\u00eb serverit DNS. BIND \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrhapur gjer\u00ebsisht, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Linux, dhe mbetet nj\u00eb implementim popullor i serverit DNS. Ky vendim<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb server\u00ebt q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zon\u00ebn rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEkzistojn\u00eb edhe alternativa ndaj BIND. P\u00ebr shembull, PowerDNS, q\u00eb vjen me shp\u00ebrndarjet Linux. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nga Bert Hubert nga kompania holandeze PowerDNS.COM dhe mb\u00ebshtetet nga komuniteti open source. N\u00eb vitin 2005, PowerDNS u implementua n\u00eb server\u00ebt e fondacionit \"Wikimedia\". Ky zgjidhje p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu nga ofruesit e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb cloud, kompani telekomunikacionesh evropiane dhe organizata nga lista Fortune 500.<\/p>\n

BIND dhe PowerDNS jan\u00eb disa nga server\u00ebt DNS m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit. Gjithashtu vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden\u00a0Unbound<\/a><\/noindex>,\u00a0djbdns<\/a><\/noindex> dhe\u00a0Dnsmasq<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi i sistemit t\u00eb emrave domain<\/h2>\n

\nGjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb DNS, specifikimet e saj kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar shum\u00eb ndryshime. Si nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet e para dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha\u00a0shtuan<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0mekanizmat NOTIFY dhe IXFR n\u00eb vitin 1996. K\u00ebta thjeshtuan replikimin e bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb emrave domain mes server\u00ebve primar dhe sekondar. Zgjidhja e re ofroi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar njoftimet p\u00ebr ndryshimin e regjistrimeve DNS. Ky qasje garantonte identitetin e zon\u00ebs DNS sekondare dhe primare dhe ekonomikisht ruante trafik \u2013 sinkronizimi ndodhte vet\u00ebm kur ishte e nevojshme, dhe jo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet intervaleve fikse.<\/p>\n

\"Historia
\nFoto - Richard Masoner<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

Fillimisht, rrjeti DNS ishte i paarritsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr publikun e gjer\u00eb dhe problemet e mundshme me sigurin\u00eb informacionit nuk ishin prioritet gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb sistemit, por ky qasje u b\u00eb e dukshme m\u00eb von\u00eb. Me zhvillimin e Internetit, sulmet mbi mungesat e sistemit filluan t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, sulmet e DNS-spoofing. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, keqinformacionet e server\u00ebve DNS mbushen me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, t\u00eb cilat nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb burim autoritar, dhe drejtojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat n\u00eb server\u00ebt e kriminel\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin, n\u00eb DNS\u00a0u implementua<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0n\u00ebnshkrimet kriptografike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigjet DNS (DNSSEC) \u2013 mekanizmi q\u00eb lejon nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb zinxhiri besimi p\u00ebr domenin nga zona e rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs. Vlen t\u00eb theksohet se nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i ngjash\u00ebm u shtua p\u00ebr autentifikimin e hosteve gjat\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb zon\u00ebs DNS \u2013 ai mori emrin TSIG.<\/p>\n

Modifikimet q\u00eb thjeshtuan replikimin e bazave t\u00eb DNS dhe rregulluan problemet e siguris\u00eb u miratuan nga komuniteti IT. Por kishte edhe ndryshime q\u00eb komuniteti i perceptoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo shum\u00eb pozitive. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, kalimi nga emrat e domain free n\u00eb emrat e paguar. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shembull i \u00abluft\u00ebrave\u00bb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS. M\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb materialin e ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

\"HistoriaNe n\u00eb 1cloud ofrojm\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin \u00abServer virtual<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb. Me t\u00eb, mund t\u00eb merrni me qira dhe t\u00eb konfiguroni nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt VDS\/VPS brenda disa minutash.
\n\"HistoriaGjithashtu ka programi i partner\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. Vendosni lidhjet e referimit p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin ton\u00eb dhe merrni shp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e sjell\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e DNS \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 ARPANET. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 BIND. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 John Markos O’Neill \u2014 CC BY-SA \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 1983 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b \u041c\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441 (Paul Mockapetris) \u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b (Jon Postel)\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e\u00a0\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domainit: serverat e par\u00eb DNS | ProHoster","description":"Her\u00ebn e fundit filluam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS - rikujtuam nga filloi projekti dhe cilat probleme u thirr t\u00eb zgjidhte.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e DNS \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-12-23T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:02:21+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"54351","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 11:00:25","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:07:25","updated":"2026-01-24 11:00:25","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54351\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}