{"id":54351,"date":"2019-12-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-23T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:21","slug":"istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","title":{"rendered":"Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain-eve: server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Her\u00ebn e kaluar ne filluam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm nga filloi projekti dhe cilat probleme ai ishte thirrur t\u00eb zgjidhte n\u00eb rrjetin ARPANET. Sot do flasim p\u00ebr serverin e par\u00eb DNS BIND.<\/p>\n

\"Historia<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto \u2014 John Markos O’Neill<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

Server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS<\/h2>\n

\nPas vitit 1983, Paul Mockapetris dhe Jon Postel\u00a0propozuan konceptin<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0e emrave t\u00eb domenit p\u00ebr rrjetin ARPANET, i cili shpejt fitoi miratimin e komunitetit IT. Nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb e realizuan at\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb ishin inxhinier\u00ebt nga Universiteti n\u00eb Berkley. N\u00eb vitin 1984 kat\u00ebr student\u00eb paraqit\u00ebn serverin e par\u00eb DNS \u2014 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND). Ata punuan n\u00ebn nj\u00eb grant t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga Agjencia e Projekteve t\u00eb K\u00ebrkimeve Avancuara t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb SHBA (DARPA).<\/p>\n

Sistemi i zhvilluar nga student\u00ebt e universitetit automatikisht konvertonte emrin DNS n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP dhe anasjelltas. \u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se kur kodi i tij u ngarkua n\u00eb BSD<\/a><\/noindex> (sistemit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb softuerit), versionet e para kishin numrin e versionit 4.3. N\u00eb fillim, serveri DNS p\u00ebrdorej nga punonj\u00ebsit e laborator\u00ebve t\u00eb universitetit. Deri n\u00eb versionin 4.8.3, zhvillimin e BIND e udh\u00ebhoq\u00ebn an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit k\u00ebrkimor t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Berkley \u2014 Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), por n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb viteve 1980, serveri DNS doli jasht\u00eb universitetit \u2014 u dor\u00ebzua n\u00eb duar t\u00eb Paul Vixie nga korporata\u00a0DEC<\/a><\/noindex>. Paul l\u00ebshoi p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet 4.9 dhe 4.9.1, dhe m\u00eb pas themeloi Internet Software Consortium (ISC), e cila q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje BIND. Sipas Paul, t\u00eb gjitha versionet e m\u00ebparshme mb\u00ebshteteshin n\u00eb kodin e student\u00ebve nga Berkley, dhe p\u00ebr pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vitet e kaluara ai e kishte shteruar plot\u00ebsisht mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr modernizim. Prandaj, n\u00eb vitin 2000, BIND u riprodhua nga e para.<\/p>\n

Serveri BIND p\u00ebrfshin disa biblioteka dhe komponente q\u00eb realizojn\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn 'klient-server' t\u00eb DNS dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr konfigurimin e funksioneve t\u00eb serverit DNS. BIND \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Linux, dhe mbetet nj\u00eb implementim i njohur i serverit DNS. Kjo zgjidhje<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb serverat q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin zon\u00ebn kryesore<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEkzistojn\u00eb alternativa t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr BIND. P\u00ebr shembull, PowerDNS, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjet Linux. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nga Bert Hubert nga kompania holandeze PowerDNS.COM dhe mb\u00ebshtetet nga komuniteti open source. N\u00eb vitin 2005, PowerDNS u implementua n\u00eb server\u00ebt e fondacionit 'Wikimedia'. Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu nga ofruesit e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb rethana cloud, kompanit\u00eb evropiane t\u00eb telekomunikacionit dhe organizatat q\u00eb jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e list\u00ebs Fortune 500.<\/p>\n

BIND dhe PowerDNS jan\u00eb disa nga server\u00ebt DNS m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur, por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit. Duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim gjithashtu\u00a0Unbound<\/a><\/noindex>,\u00a0djbdns<\/a><\/noindex> dhe\u00a0Dnsmasq<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi i sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domainit<\/h2>\n

\nGjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb DNS, specifikimi i saj ka pasur shum\u00eb ndryshime. Si nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet e para dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha\u00a0u shtua<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0mechanizmat NOTIFY dhe IXFR n\u00eb vitin 1996. Ato thjesht\u00ebsuan replikimin e bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domainit midis server\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Zgjidhja e re lejonte konfigurimin e njoftimeve p\u00ebr ndryshimin e regjistrimeve DNS. Ky qasje garantoj identitetin e zon\u00ebs DNS t\u00eb dyt\u00eb dhe kryesore, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se kursente trafikun \u2014 sinkronizimi ndodhte vet\u00ebm kur ishte e nevojshme, jo n\u00eb intervale fikse.<\/p>\n

\"Historia
\nFoto \u2014 Richard Masoner<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY-SA<\/i><\/p>\n

Fillimsh\u00ebm, rrjeti DNS nuk ishte i aksesuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr publikun e gjer\u00eb dhe problemet e mundshme me sigurin\u00eb nuk ishin prioritet n\u00eb zhvillimin e sistemit, por ky qasje u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb. Me zhvillimin e internetit, vulnerabilitetet e sistemit filluan t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzoheshin - p\u00ebr shembull, u shfaq\u00ebn sulme t\u00eb tilla si DNS spoofing. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, memoria e server\u00ebve DNS mbushet me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb burim autoritativ dhe drejton k\u00ebrkesat n\u00eb serverat e haker\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin, n\u00eb DNS\u00a0implementoi<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0kriptopodpiset p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigjet DNS (DNSSEC) - nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm q\u00eb lejon nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb zinxhiri besimi p\u00ebr domenin nga zona e rr\u00ebnj\u00ebve. Vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i ngjash\u00ebm u shtua p\u00ebr autentifikimin e hosteve gjat\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb zon\u00ebs DNS - ai mori emrin TSIG.<\/p>\n

Modifikimet q\u00eb thjeshtojn\u00eb replicimin e bazave DNS dhe zgjidhin problemet e siguris\u00eb, komuniteti IT e mir\u00ebpriti me entuziaz\u00ebm. Por pati edhe ndryshime q\u00eb u perceptuan jo mir\u00eb nga komuniteti. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, kalimi nga emrat e domeneve falas n\u00eb ato me pages\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shembull i nj\u00eb \"luft\u00eb\" n\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS. M\u00eb shum\u00eb rreth k\u00ebsaj do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb materialin q\u00eb vjen.<\/p>\n

\"HistoriaNe n\u00eb 1cloud ofrojm\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin \"Server virtual<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb Me ndihm\u00ebn e saj mund t\u00eb merrni dhe konfiguroni nj\u00eb server t\u00eb larg\u00ebt VDS\/VPS brenda disa minutave.
\n\"HistoriaPo ashtu ka programi i partner\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. Vendosni lidhjet referuese p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin ton\u00eb dhe merrni shp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e sjell\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e DNS \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 ARPANET. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 BIND. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 John Markos O’Neill \u2014 CC BY-SA \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 1983 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041f\u043e\u043b \u041c\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441 (Paul Mockapetris) \u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b (Jon Postel)\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e\u00a0\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domenit: server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS | ProHoster","description":"Her\u00ebn e fundit filluam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e DNS \u2014 kujtuam nga filloi projekti dhe cilat probleme ishte thirrur t\u00eb zgjidhte n\u00eb rrjetin ARPANET. Sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr serverin e par\u00eb DNS BIND. Foto \u2014 John Markos O'Neill \u2014 CC BY-SA Server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS Pasiq\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1983 Paul Mockapetris dhe Jon Postel propozuan konceptin e emrave t\u00eb domainit","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-sistemy-domennyh-imen-pervye-dns-servery","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d: 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