{"id":54744,"date":"2020-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:47","slug":"razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","title":{"rendered":"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6bce6c863938180b4011cda910e962f4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPara disa vitesh u njoha me mikrokontrollor\u00ebt rus\u00eb t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb Milandr. Ishte viti 2013, kur inxhinier\u00ebt diskutonin intensivisht rezultatet e para t\u00eb programit federal t\u00eb synuar \u00abZhvillimi i baz\u00ebs s\u00eb komponent\u00ebve elektronik\u00eb dhe radioelektronik\u00ebs\u00bb p\u00ebr vitet 2008-2015. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb tashm\u00eb ishte l\u00ebshuar kontrollori K1986VE9x (b\u00ebrthama Cortex-M3), nd\u00ebrsa sapo kishte dal\u00eb kontrollori 1986VE1T (b\u00ebrthama Cortex-M1). N\u00eb variantin me trup plastik LQFP-144, n\u00eb dokumentacion ai kishte sh\u00ebnimin K1986VE1QI (aviacion), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vet\u00eb mikroqarkun ishte sh\u00ebnuar MDR32F1QI. N\u00eb faqen e prodhuesit ai ka sufiksin \u00abaviacion\u00bb, pasi ka nd\u00ebrfaqe specifike p\u00ebr industrin\u00eb e aviacionit (ARINC 429, MIL_STD_1553).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7udit\u00ebrisht, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur k\u00ebta kontrollor\u00eb po shp\u00ebrndaheshin, kompania \u00abMilandr\u00bb kishte p\u00ebrgatitur komplete debugimi dhe nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb n\u00ebnprogramesh p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me periferin\u00eb, \u00abpor pa asnj\u00eb garanci apo detyrim shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr korrekt\u00ebsin\u00eb e bibliotek\u00ebs\u00bb. Biblioteka i ngjan Standard Peripheral Library t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb STMicroelectronics. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebt ARM t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Cortex-M kan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, njohja me kontrollor\u00ebt e rinj rus\u00eb eci shpejt. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb blinin kompletet origjinale t\u00eb debugimit ofrohej mb\u00ebshtetje teknike gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c3861067bec2719a48bb520fb57890f2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kiti i zhvillimit p\u00ebr mikroprocesorin 1986BE1T, &copy; Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs filluan t\u00eb shfaqeshin \u00abs\u00ebmundjet e f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb\u00bb t\u00eb mikroqarqeve dhe bibliotekave t\u00eb reja. Shembujt testues t\u00eb firmware-it funksiononin pa probleme t\u00eb dukshme, por pas modifikimeve t\u00eb konsiderueshme fillonin t\u00eb shfaqeshin d\u00ebshtime dhe gabime. \u00abDall\u00ebndyshja\u00bb e par\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00ebn time ishin d\u00ebshtime t\u00eb pashpjegueshme n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e CAN-kontrollorit. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, te kontrollori 1986VE1T (aviacion) i nj\u00eb revizioni t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm u zbulua nj\u00eb problem me modulin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MIL-STD-1553\">MKIO (kanali i multipleksuar i shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb informacionit)<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb gjitha revizionet e k\u00ebtyre mikrokontrollor\u00ebve deri n\u00eb vitin 2016 ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorshme vet\u00ebm me kufizime. U shpenzuan shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe nerva p\u00ebr identifikimin e k\u00ebtyre problemeve, konfirmimi i t\u00eb cilave sot mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/upload\/iblock\/352\/352a1573c08c406a94b976ed95fe4506.pdf\">listat e gabimeve (Errata)<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e pak\u00ebndshme ishte se duhej t\u00eb punohej dhe t\u00eb zgjidheshin gabimet jo n\u00eb pllaka debug-uese, por n\u00eb pllakat prototip t\u00eb pajisjeve q\u00eb planifikoheshin p\u00ebr prodhim serik n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 lidh\u00ebsit JTAG, zakonisht nuk kishte asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Lidhja e nj\u00eb analizuesi logjik ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe jo praktike, nd\u00ebrsa LED-et dhe ekranet zakonisht mungonin. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye m\u00eb lindi ideja p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar pllak\u00ebn time t\u00eb debug-ut.<\/p>\n<p>Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, n\u00eb treg kishte komplete zyrtare debug-uese, si edhe pllaka shum\u00eb t\u00eb mira nga kompania LDM-Systems e Zelenogradit. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7mimet e k\u00ebtyre produkteve t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb pa fjal\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa funksionaliteti baz\u00eb pa pllaka zgjerimi nuk i p\u00ebrmbush pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb me kontrollues t\u00eb salduar dhe me lidh\u00ebs pin nuk paraqet interes p\u00ebr mua. Nd\u00ebrsa pllakat m\u00eb interesante kushtojn\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2d9bbe972bf897ad96168533155ace8a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Tabela e zhvillimit MILANDR LDM-HELPER-K1986BE1QI-FULL, &copy; LDM Systems <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Te kompania \u201cMilandr\u201d, politika e \u00e7mimeve dhe marketingu jan\u00eb disi t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. P\u00ebr shembull, ekziston mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb falas mostra t\u00eb disa mikroqarqeve, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr persona juridik\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrohet me nj\u00eb rrug\u00ebtim burokratik. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mikroqarqet me paketim metal-qeramik jan\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb arta\u201d si n\u00eb kuptimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb figurativ. P\u00ebr shembull, kontrolluesi 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422 n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb kushton nga 14 deri n\u00eb 24 mij\u00eb rubla. Mikroqarqja e memories statike 1645\u0420\u04236\u0423 kushton nga 15000 rubla. Dhe ky nivel \u00e7mimesh vlen p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gam\u00ebn e produkteve. Si rezultat, edhe institutet k\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb specializuara me porosi shtet\u00ebrore kursejn\u00eb dhe t\u00ebrhiqen nga k\u00ebto \u00e7mime. Mikroqarqet me paketim plastik p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim civil jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb lira, por nuk gjenden n\u00eb stok te furnitor\u00ebt e njohur. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, cil\u00ebsia e mikroqarqeve me paketim plastik, sipas mendimit tim, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt se ajo e varianteve \u201ct\u00eb arta\u201d. P\u00ebr shembull, un\u00eb nuk arrita ta v\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb kontrolluesin K1986BE1QI n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 128MHz pa rritur parametrin flash latency. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, temperatura e k\u00ebtij kontrolluesi u rrit n\u00eb 40-50C. Nd\u00ebrsa kontrolluesi 1986BE1T (\u201ci art\u00eb\u201d) u nis n\u00eb 128MHz pa konfigurime shtes\u00eb dhe mbeti i ftoht\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet i mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6e1cc067feffd0f7d14f234928c6872a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikrokontrolluesi \u201ci art\u00eb\u201d 1986BE1T, (c) Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pata fat q\u00eb mikro-kontrolluesi n\u00eb paketim plastik gjithsesi mund t\u00eb blihej me pakic\u00eb te kompania LDM Systems, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb gjitha skemat e pllakave jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme publikisht. E keqja \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb faqen e internetit, n\u00eb fotografin\u00eb e kontrolluesit, shihet sh\u00ebnimi q\u00eb tregon se b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr rishikimin 4 t\u00eb vitit 2014, pra me defekte. Gjat\u00eb mendova n\u00ebse ta blija apo jo. K\u00ebshtu kaluan disa vite\u2026 <\/p>\n<p>Ideja p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb pllake debugimi nuk u zhduk askund. Gradualisht formova t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat dhe mendoja si t\u2019i vendosja t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, q\u00eb t\u00eb dilte kompakte dhe jo e kushtueshme. Paralelisht, porosisja nga kinez\u00ebt komponent\u00ebt q\u00eb mungonin. Nuk nxitoja askund \u2013 gjith\u00e7ka e b\u00ebja p\u00ebr veten time. Furnitor\u00ebt kinez\u00eb njihen p\u00ebr pakujdesin\u00eb e tyre \u2013 m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb porosis t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb m\u00eb nevojitej. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e \u00e7ipeve t\u00eb memories dol\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00e7montuara nga pajisje t\u00eb prishura. Kjo m\u00eb doli problem m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb blesh mikro-kontrolluesin Milandr K1986BE1QI (aviacion) nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin dyqan \u00abChip i Dip\u00bb, te seksioni \u00abPozicione me porosi\u00bb, gjeta vet\u00ebm K1986BE92QI p\u00ebr 740 rubla, por ai nuk m\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatej. I vetmi variant ishte ta blija te kompania LDM-Systems p\u00ebr 2000 rubla, n\u00eb nj\u00eb rishikim jo t\u00eb ri. Meq\u00eb nuk munda t\u00eb gjeja z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim askund tjet\u00ebr, vendosa t\u00eb blej at\u00eb q\u00eb kishte. P\u00ebr habin\u00eb time t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme, m\u00eb shit\u00ebn nj\u00eb kontrollues krejt t\u00eb ri, prodhim i dhjetorit 2018, rishikimi 6+ (1820). Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb faqe ende \u00ebsht\u00eb fotografia e vjet\u00ebr dhe, n\u00eb momentin e shkrimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, kontrolluesi nuk gjendet n\u00eb stok\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f905fb0a07862f6a6c0c1f27c340c5a2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikro-kontrolluesi K1986BE1QI (aviacion) n\u00eb paketim teknik, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Karakteristikat kryesore teknike t\u00eb pllak\u00ebs sime t\u00eb debugimit <b>MDB1986<\/b> jan\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> debugger-programues i integruar, i pajtuesh\u00ebm me J-Link dhe CMSIS-DAP;<\/li>\n<li> memorie statike 4 Mbit (256k x 16, 10 ns);<\/li>\n<li> \u00e7ip memorie flash 64 Mbit, Winbond 25Q64FVSIG;<\/li>\n<li> marr\u00ebs-transmetues i nd\u00ebrfaqes RS-232 me linjat RTS dhe CTS;<\/li>\n<li> nd\u00ebrfaqe dhe konektor\u00eb p\u00ebr Ethernet, USB, CAN;<\/li>\n<li> kontrollues i ekranit 7-segment\u00ebsh MAX7221;<\/li>\n<li> konektor me pin\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) dhe ARINC429;<\/li>\n<li> fototranzistor Everlight PT17-21C;<\/li>\n<li> pes\u00eb LED me ngjyra, buton reset dhe dy butona p\u00ebrdoruesi;<\/li>\n<li> furnizim me energji nga porta USB 5 volt;<\/li>\n<li> p\u00ebrmasat e pllak\u00ebs s\u00eb qarkut t\u00eb shtypur 100 x 80 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb p\u00eblqenin pllakat e seris\u00eb STM-Discovery sepse kan\u00eb programuesin-debager t\u00eb integruar ST-Link. ST-Link origjinal funksionon vet\u00ebm me mikrokontrolluesit e kompanis\u00eb STMicroelectronics, por para disa vitesh u shfaq mund\u00ebsia t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohej firmware-i i ST-Link dhe t\u00eb merrej SEGGER J-Link OB (on-board) Debugger. Nga ana juridike ekziston kufizimi q\u00eb nj\u00eb debager i till\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm me pllakat STMicroelectronics, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb potenciali i tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar. K\u00ebshtu, duke pasur J-Link OB, n\u00eb pllak\u00ebn e zhvillimit mund t\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb programues-debager t\u00eb integruar. Vlen t\u00eb theksohet se n\u00eb produktet e \u00abLDM-Systems\u00bb p\u00ebrdoret konvertuesi CP2102 (Usb2Uart), i cili mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb vet\u00ebm programimin.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/69b93aeba719b818c3ae8f1fcae45ac2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikrokontrolluesit STM32F103C8T6, origjinal\u00eb dhe jo fort, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pra, duhej t\u00eb blihej nj\u00eb STM32F103C8T6 origjinal, sepse firmware-et zyrtare nuk do t\u00eb funksiononin si\u00e7 duhet me nj\u00eb klon. Kisha dyshime p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pohim dhe vendosa t\u00eb provoj n\u00eb praktik\u00eb kontrolluesin CS32F103C8T6 t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb kineze CKS. P\u00ebr vet\u00eb kontrolluesin nuk kam ankesa, por firmware-i zyrtar i ST-Link nuk funksionoi n\u00eb t\u00eb. J-Link punonte pjes\u00ebrisht: pajisja USB njihej, por programuesi nuk kryente funksionet e veta dhe vazhdimisht sinjalizonte se ishte \u201cdefective\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f2b520deaf681a088b43dd62453ff99c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Gabim gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb debagerit me nj\u00eb kontrollues jo origjinal<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nuk u ndala me kaq dhe fillimisht shkrova firmware p\u00ebr ndezje-fikje t\u00eb LED-it, e m\u00eb pas realizova k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr IDCODE sipas protokollit JTAG. Programuesi ST-Link q\u00eb kisha n\u00eb pllak\u00ebn Discovery dhe programi ST-Link Utility e programonin pa probleme CS32F103C8T6. Si p\u00ebrfundim, u binda se pllaka ime funksionon. P\u00ebr g\u00ebzimin tim, kontrolluesi i synuar K1986VE1QI (aviacion) e kthente me leht\u00ebsi IDCODE-in e tij p\u00ebrmes linj\u00ebs TDO.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/73011a61aa316f779c6b9d27e13d5ea1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Oscilogrami i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb sinjalit TDO me p\u00ebrgjigjen e koduar IDCODE, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1a27b40eeb768ece0303d6ae9c4c0861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ja ku hyri n\u00eb pun\u00eb porta SWD p\u00ebr debagimin e vet\u00eb debagerit dhe verifikimin e IDCODE<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Mbeti vet\u00ebm varianti me debagerin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arm-software.github.io\/CMSIS_5\/DAP\/html\/index.html\">CMSIS-DAP (Debug Access Port)<\/a><\/noindex>. T\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh projektin nga burimet e ARM nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e leht\u00eb, un\u00eb mora projektin nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/x893\/\" class=\"user_link\">X893<\/a><\/noindex>, e m\u00eb pas provova edhe DAP42. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, Keil uVision ngrinte dhe nuk donte t\u00eb punonte me to. N\u00eb fund, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsova \u00e7ipin e debagerit me nj\u00eb STM32F103C8T6 origjinal dhe nuk iu ktheva m\u00eb k\u00ebtij problemi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1663ad2e63a8841e785fd0dd473ad395.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Funksionim i suksessh\u00ebm i debagerit t\u00eb integruar J-Link STLink V2<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb pllak\u00ebs s\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb zhvillimit ishin tashm\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion, hapa Eagle CAD dhe zbulova se mungonin n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn e komponent\u00ebve. Nuk kisha zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr, ndaj m\u2019u desh t\u2019i vizatoja vet\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrgatita edhe footprint-et p\u00ebr memorien, lidh\u00ebsin HanRun p\u00ebr Ethernet dhe shtova konture p\u00ebr rezistor\u00ebt dhe kondensator\u00ebt. Skedarin e projektit dhe bibliotek\u00ebn e komponent\u00ebve mund t\u2019i gjeni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">te GitHub-i im<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Skema elektrike e pllak\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvillimit MDB1986<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/09a1ffed6589405f70ccc60fececbaaf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pllaka furnizohet me rrym\u00eb nga nj\u00eb burim DC prej 5 volt\u00ebsh, i marr\u00eb nga porta USB. N\u00eb total, n\u00eb pllak\u00eb ka dy porta USB Type-B. Nj\u00ebra sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr programuesin, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra p\u00ebr kontrolluesin K1986BE1QI. Pllaka mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb nga secili prej k\u00ebtyre burimeve ve\u00e7mas ose nga t\u00eb dy nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. Rregullimi m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb i ngarkes\u00ebs dhe mbrojtja e linjave t\u00eb furnizimit realizohen me dioda Schottky, t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara n\u00eb skem\u00eb si D2 dhe D3 (SS24). Gjithashtu, n\u00eb skem\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihen edhe siguresat vet\u00ebrikthyese F1 dhe F2 me 500 mA. Linjat e sinjalit t\u00eb port\u00ebs USB mbrohen nga grupi i diodave USBLC6-2SC6. <\/p>\n<p>Skema e debugger-it\/programuesit ST-Link \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr shum\u00ebk\u00ebnd dhe mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb dokumentacionin e pllakave STM32-Discovery si edhe n\u00eb burime t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr flashimin fillestar t\u00eb klonit ST-Link\/J-Link-OB\/DAP (sipas zgjedhjes) nxora linjat SWDIO (PA13), SWCLK (PA14), GND. Shum\u00eb veta p\u00ebrdorin UART p\u00ebr flashim dhe detyrohen t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin jumper-at BOOT. Por p\u00ebr mua SWD \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm; p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ky protokoll mund\u00ebson edhe debugim.<\/p>\n<p>Pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e pllak\u00ebs furnizohen me 3.3 volt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vijn\u00eb nga rregullatori i tensionit AMS1117-3.3. P\u00ebr shtypjen e nd\u00ebrhyrjeve elektromagnetike dhe impulseve t\u00eb rrym\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoren filtra LC t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga kondensator\u00eb dhe mbyt\u00ebsa t\u00eb seris\u00eb BLM31PG.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u00e7mas vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet drejtuesi i ekranit 7-segment\u00ebsh MAX7221. Sipas specifikimit, furnizimi i rekomanduar \u00ebsht\u00eb nga 4 deri n\u00eb 5.5 volt, nd\u00ebrsa niveli i sinjalit t\u00eb lart\u00eb (nj\u00ebsia logjike) duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb jo m\u00eb pak se 3.5 V (0.7 x VCC) kur furnizohet me 5 V. Te kontrolluesi \u041a1986\u0412\u04151QI (avia), dalja e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb logjike korrespondon me nj\u00eb tension nga 2.8 deri n\u00eb 3.3 V. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se ka mosp\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb niveleve t\u00eb sinjalit, e cila mund t\u00eb pengoj\u00eb funksionimin normal. Vendosa ta furnizoj MAX7221 me 4 V dhe t\u2019i ulim nivelet e sinjalit n\u00eb 2.8 V (0.7 x 4 = 2.8). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb seri n\u00eb qarkun e furnizimit t\u00eb drejtuesit \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur dioda D4 (RS1A ose FR103). Si p\u00ebrfundim, r\u00ebnia e tensionit \u00ebsht\u00eb 0.9 V (dioda Schottky 0.3 V dhe dioda 0.6 V), dhe gjith\u00e7ka funksionon.<\/p>\n<p>Shumica e porteve t\u00eb mikrokontrollerit K1986VE1QI (aviacion) jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhshme me sinjale deri n\u00eb 5V. Prandaj, p\u00ebrdorimi i transceiver-it CAN MCP2551, i cili gjithashtu punon me 5V, nuk paraqet problem. Si transceiver RS-232 n\u00eb skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar mikroskema MAX3232, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb un\u00eb p\u00ebrdora SN65C3232D nga Texas Instruments, sepse punon me 3.3V dhe ofron shpejt\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 1Mbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb pllak\u00eb jan\u00eb vendosur 4 rezonator\u00eb kuarci: nj\u00eb p\u00ebr debugger-in (8MHz) dhe tre p\u00ebr mikrokontrollerin e synuar K1986VE1QI (aviacion) me vlera 32.768kHz, 16MHz dhe 25MHz. K\u00ebta jan\u00eb komponent\u00eb t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm, sepse parametrat e gjeneratorit t\u00eb integruar RC luhaten n\u00eb nj\u00eb interval t\u00eb gjer\u00eb nga 6 deri n\u00eb 10 MHz. Frekuenca 25MHz \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e kontrolluesit t\u00eb integruar Ethernet. N\u00eb faqen e Milandr-it, ndoshta gabimisht, p\u00ebrmendet se n\u00eb paketimin plastik Ethernet mungon. Megjithat\u00eb, ne do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi te specifikimi dhe faktet.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb shtys\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr krijimin e pllak\u00ebs sime t\u00eb debug-ut ishte mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me shin\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb sistemit EBC (external bus controller), e cila n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb port paralel. Mikrokontrolleri K1986VE1QI (aviacion) lejon lidhjen dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e mikroskemave t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb memories dhe pajisjeve periferike, p\u00ebr shembull ADC, FPGA etj. Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e shin\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb sistemit jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjera: mund t\u00eb punohet me SRAM, ROM dhe NAND Flash statike 8-bit\u00ebshe, 16-bit\u00ebshe dhe 32-bit\u00ebshe. P\u00ebr leximin\/shkrimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave 32-bit\u00ebshe, kontrolluesi mund t\u00eb kryej\u00eb automatikisht 2 operacionet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse p\u00ebr mikroskemat 16-bit\u00ebshe, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr ato 8-bit\u00ebshe 4 operacione. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nj\u00eb operacion hyrje-dalje 32-bit\u00ebsh do t\u00eb ekzekutohet m\u00eb shpejt me nj\u00eb bus t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash 32-bit\u00ebsh. Nd\u00ebr mang\u00ebsit\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet nevoja q\u00eb programi t\u00eb operoj\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna 32-bit\u00ebshe, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb pllak\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kalohen 32 gjurm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/121a0a0d85a861a9c1ad02048de7d941.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikroskema SRAM t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura (gjeje cila ka defekt)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e balancuar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i mikroskemave t\u00eb memories 16-bit\u00ebshe. Un\u00eb kisha n\u00eb dispozicion mikroskema nga Integrated Silicon Solutions Inc. (ISSI IS61LV25616AL, 16 x 256k, 10 ns, 3.3V). Natyrisht, kompania \u00abMilandr\u00bb ka edhe mikroskemat e veta t\u00eb memories statike <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/products\/mikroskhemy_pamyati\/\">t\u00eb seris\u00eb 1645RU<\/a><\/noindex>por ato jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t\u2019u gjetur. Si alternativ\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren Samsung K6R4016V1D me dalje t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhshme. M\u00eb her\u00ebt p\u00ebrmenda se \u00e7ipat rezultuan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe mostra q\u00eb instalova fillimisht jepte gabime dhe vlera kaotike n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e 15-t\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. M\u2019u desh\u00ebn disa dit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur problemet harduerike dhe aq m\u00eb i madh ishte k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia kur z\u00ebvend\u00ebsova \u00e7ipin e d\u00ebmtuar me nj\u00eb funksional. Sidoqoft\u00eb, shpejt\u00ebsia e pun\u00ebs me memorien e jashtme l\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. <\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Magjistralja e jashtme dhe modaliteti StandAlone<\/b>Mikrokontrolluesi \u041a1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion) ka nj\u00eb modalitet unik StandAlone, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb projektuar p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb te kontrollor\u00ebt Ethernet dhe MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) p\u00ebrmes magjistrales s\u00eb jashtme, nd\u00ebrsa b\u00ebrthama ndodhet n\u00eb gjendje resetimi, pra nuk p\u00ebrdoret. Ky modalitet \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr procesor\u00eb dhe FPGA q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb Ethernet dhe\/ose MKIO.<br \/>\nSkema e lidhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>magjistralja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave MCU(D0-D15) =&gt; SRAM(I\/O0-I\/O15),<\/li>\n<li>magjistralja e adresave MCU(A1-A18) =&gt; SRAM(A0-A17),<\/li>\n<li>kontrolli MCU(nWR,nRD,PortC2) =&gt; SRAM (WE,OE,CE),<\/li>\n<li>SRAM(UB,LB) jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ose t\u00ebrhiqen n\u00eb tok\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rezistori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLinja CE \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr te furnizimi p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rezistori, pin\u00ebt p\u00ebr p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e bajtit MCU(BE0-BE3) nuk p\u00ebrdoren. N\u00ebn spoiler po jap kodin e inicializimit t\u00eb porteve dhe t\u00eb kontrollorit t\u00eb magjistrales s\u00eb jashtme.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Inicializimi i porteve dhe i kontrollorit EBC (external bus controller)<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">void SRAM_Init (void)\n{\n\tEBC_InitTypeDef          EBC_InitStruct = { 0 };\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitTypeDef EBC_MemRegionInitStruct = { 0 };\n\tPORT_InitTypeDef         initStruct = { 0 };\n\n\tRST_CLK_PCLKcmd (RST_CLK_PCLK_EBC, ENABLE);\n\n\tPORT_StructInit (&amp;initStruct);\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ T\u00cb DH\u00cbNAT PA0..PA15 (D0..D15)                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_MODE      = PORT_MODE_DIGITAL;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD_SHM    = PORT_PD_SHM_ON;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_SPEED     = PORT_SPEED_FAST;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_All;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTA, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PF3-PF15 (A0..A12), A0 - nuk p\u00ebrdoret. \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_4  | PORT_Pin_5  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_6  | PORT_Pin_7  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_8  | PORT_Pin_9  |\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPORT_Pin_10 | PORT_Pin_11 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_12 | PORT_Pin_13 |\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPORT_Pin_14 | PORT_Pin_15;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTF, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PD3..PD0 (A13..A16)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_OVERRID;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_2 | PORT_Pin_3;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTD, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PE3, PE4 (A17, A18)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_3 | PORT_Pin_4;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTE, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Kontrolli PC0,PC1 (nWE,nOE)                  \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Kontrolli PC2 (nCE)                          \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD        = PORT_PD_DRIVER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_OE        = PORT_OE_OUT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_PORT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = MDB_SRAM_CE;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Inicijalizoni kontrolluesin EBC                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tEBC_DeInit();\n\tEBC_StructInit(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_Mode             = EBC_MODE_RAM;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_WaitState        = EBC_WAIT_STATE_3HCLK;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_DataAlignment    = EBC_EBC_DATA_ALIGNMENT_16;\n\tEBC_Init(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\t\n\tEBC_MemRegionStructInit(&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct);\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Active   = 2;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Setup    = EBC_WS_SETUP_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Hold     = EBC_WS_HOLD_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.Enable_Tune = ENABLE;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInit (&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct, EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000);\n\tEBC_MemRegionCMD(EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000, ENABLE);\n\n\t\/\/ Aktivizoni RAM (nCE)\n\tPORT_ResetBits (MDR_PORTC, MDB_SRAM_CE);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMikrokontrolluesi n\u00eb paketim LQFP-144 dhe memoria n\u00eb paketim TSOP-44 kan\u00eb shum\u00eb pin\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur dhe z\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb pllak\u00ebn e qarkut t\u00eb printuar. Duke pasur p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e detyrave t\u00eb optimizimit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb, p\u00ebr mua ishte e qart\u00eb se k\u00ebto mikroqarqe duhej t\u00eb vendoseshin t\u00eb parat n\u00eb pllak\u00eb. N\u00eb burime t\u00eb ndryshme kisha hasur vler\u00ebsime shum\u00eb pozitive p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eremex.ru\/products\/delta-design\/topor\/\">Sistemin CAD TopoR (Topological Router)<\/a><\/noindex>. Shkarkova versionin prov\u00eb (trial) dhe arrita ta eksportoja aty projektin tim nga Eagle CAD vet\u00ebm pasi hoqa pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, edhe me 10 elemente programi TopoR nuk m\u00eb ndihmoi t\u2019i vendosja n\u00eb pllak\u00eb. Fillimisht t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb cep, e m\u00eb pas u rreshtuan p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb skajit. Kjo zgjidhje nuk m\u00eb p\u00ebrshtati dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e b\u00ebra trasimin e pllak\u00ebs manualisht n\u00eb mjedisin e njohur Eagle CAD.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb element i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i pllak\u00ebs s\u00eb qarkut t\u00eb printuar \u00ebsht\u00eb silkscreen-i. N\u00eb pllak\u00ebn e zhvillimit duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm sh\u00ebnime p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt elektronik\u00eb, por edhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb lidh\u00ebsit duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb etiketuar. N\u00eb an\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb pllak\u00ebs vendosa tabela ndihm\u00ebse me funksionet e porteve t\u00eb kontrolluesit (kryesor, alternativ, i ricaktuar, faktik). Prodhimin e pllakave t\u00eb qarkut t\u00eb printuar e porosita n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, te kompania e njohur PCBWay. Nuk do t\u2019i lavd\u00ebroj, sepse cil\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Ata mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb mir\u00eb, me toleranca m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, por <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcbway.com\/HighQualityOrderOnline.aspx\">me pages\u00eb shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do pllak\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cf7b60c6a2361614d18e4949c35ab583.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pllakat e prodhuara MDB1986, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Komponent\u00ebt m\u2019u desh t\u2019i saldoja n\u00eb kushte improvizuara me nj\u00eb hekur saldimi 40 W dhe kallaj POS-61, sepse saldoj rrall\u00eb, 1\u20132 her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, dhe pasta e saldimit ishte thar\u00eb. M\u2019u desh gjithashtu t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja kontrolluesin kinez CS32F103 me STM32F103 origjinal, e m\u00eb pas t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja edhe memorien. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, tani jam plot\u00ebsisht i k\u00ebnaqur me rezultatin, megjith\u00ebse ende nuk e kam testuar funksionimin e RS-232 dhe CAN.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i bordit t\u00eb deblimit p\u00ebr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/a3dc985a943623d5d07fb8e762468963.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pllaka e zhvillimit MDB1986 n\u00eb pun\u00eb \u2014 ndri\u00e7on dhe ngroh, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb \u201cMilandr\u201d mund t\u00eb gjeni mjaftuesh\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.milandr.ru\/library\/\">materiale m\u00ebsimore p\u00ebr studimin e kontrolluesve<\/a><\/noindex> seria 1986BE9 (b\u00ebrthama Cortex-M3), por p\u00ebr mikrokontrolluesin K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion) nuk shoh aty asgj\u00eb. Duke shqyrtuar materialet e publikuara atje, udh\u00ebzuesit metodik\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebt laboratorike p\u00ebr universitetet, m\u00eb g\u00ebzon fakti q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin po p\u00ebrgatiten specialist\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me kontrollues rus\u00eb. Shumica e materialeve m\u00ebsimore p\u00ebrgatisin p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me portat hyrje-dalje, timerat, ADC, DAC, SPI, UART. P\u00ebrdoren mjedise t\u00eb ndryshme zhvillimi IDE (Keil, IAR, CodeMaster). Diku programohet me regjistrat CMSIS, nd\u00ebrsa diku p\u00ebrdoret MDR Library. Duhet p\u00ebrmendur burimi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/startmilandr.ru\/\">Start Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili p\u00ebrmban jo pak artikuj nga programues praktik\u00eb. Dhe, sigurisht, nuk duhet harruar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.milandr.ru\/\">forumi i Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Mendime p\u00ebr Milandr<\/b>Mikroelektronika n\u00eb Rusi po zhvillohet, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces kompania \u00abMilandr\u00bb luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Po shfaqen mikrokontrollues t\u00eb rinj interesant\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull 1986\u0412\u041581\u0422 dhe \u00abElektrosila\u00bb me nd\u00ebrfaqe SpaceWire dhe MKIO (i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si te 1986BE1 dhe, ndoshta, me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat probleme), etj. Por p\u00ebr student\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm, pedagog\u00ebt dhe inxhinier\u00ebt civil\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb joreale t\u00eb blejn\u00eb \u00e7ipe t\u00eb tilla. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se komuniteti i inxhinier\u00ebve nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb shpejt gabimet dhe problemet e k\u00ebtij \u00e7ipi. M\u00eb duket se fillimisht duhet t\u00eb prodhohen \u00e7ipa n\u00eb paketim plastik, t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen te t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb interesuarit, dhe vet\u00ebm pas aprovimit nga specialist\u00ebt (lat. approbatio \u2014 miratim, njohje) t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitet nj\u00eb rishikim n\u00eb paketim metal-qeramik me mbrojtje nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00ebt kritik\u00eb. Shpresoj q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e af\u00ebrt projektet e reja t\u00eb prezantuara n\u00eb panaire t\u00eb na g\u00ebzojn\u00eb T\u00cb GJITH\u00cbVE.<br \/>\nPllak\u00ebn e zhvillimit q\u00eb kam projektuar, kushdo mund ta riprodhoj\u00eb, modifikoj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdor\u00eb n\u00eb procesin m\u00ebsimor. Fillimisht e nd\u00ebrtova p\u00ebr veten time, por doli aq mir\u00eb saq\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">vendosa ta ndaj me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrollues shum\u00eb interesant me nd\u00ebrfaqe unike, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb universitete p\u00ebr trajnimin e student\u00ebve. Besoj se pas korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb zbuluara n\u00eb kontrollues dhe kalimit t\u00eb testeve t\u00eb certifikimit, ky kontrollues do t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs!<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482716\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u044b \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0424\u0426\u041f \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 2008-2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u041a1986\u0412\u04159x (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M3) \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422 (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M1). \u041e\u043d \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0435 LQFP-144 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e 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