{"id":54744,"date":"2020-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:47","slug":"razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","title":{"rendered":"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6bce6c863938180b4011cda910e962f4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPak vite nj\u00eb njohje me mikrocontroler\u00ebt rus t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb Milandr. Ishte viti 2013, kur inxhinier\u00ebt diskutuan shum\u00eb p\u00ebr rezultatet e para t\u00eb FP\u00c7 \u00abZhvillimi i baz\u00ebs s\u00eb komponent\u00ebve elektronik\u00eb dhe radioteknik\u00ebs\u00bb p\u00ebr 2008-2015. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishte l\u00ebshuar tashm\u00eb kontroleri K1986BE9x (n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Cortex-M3) dhe sapo ishte shfaqur kontroleri 1986BE1T (n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Cortex-M1). Ai po ashtu, n\u00eb kas\u00ebn plastike LQFP-144 kishte n\u00eb dokumentacion em\u00ebrtimin K1986BE1QI (ajrore), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vet\u00eb mikro\u00e7ipin em\u00ebrtimin MDR32F1QI. N\u00eb uebin e prodhuesit, ai ka sufixin \u201cajrore\u201d, pasi ka interfaca specifike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e aviacionit (ARINC 429, MIL_STD_1553).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>E habitshme, por n\u00eb momentin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kontroler\u00ebve, kompania \u00abMilandr\u00bb kishte p\u00ebrgatitur grupe testimi dhe nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb n\u00ebnprogramesh p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me periferin\u00eb, \u00abpor pa asnj\u00eb garanci shtes\u00eb dhe detyrime p\u00ebr korrekt\u00ebsin\u00eb e bibliotek\u00ebs\u00bb. Biblioteka ngjan me Standard Peripheral Library nga kompania STMicroelectronics. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mikrocontroler\u00ebt ARM t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Cortex-M kan\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, njohja me mikrocontroler\u00ebt e rinj rus\u00eb ishte e shpejt\u00eb. Dhe p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb blenin grupe testimi t\u00eb mark\u00ebs, ofrohej mb\u00ebshtetje teknike gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c3861067bec2719a48bb520fb57890f2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pako i debugimit p\u00ebr mikro\u00e7ipin 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422, &copy; Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs filluan t\u00eb shfaqen \u00abs\u00ebmundjet e f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb\u00bb t\u00eb mikro\u00e7ipave dhe bibliotekave t\u00eb reja. Shembujt e testit t\u00eb firmware funksiononin pa probleme t\u00eb dukshme, por me ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha shfaqeshin bllokime dhe gabime. E para \u00abshenj\u00eb\u00bb n\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time ishin bllokimet e paqart\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e kontrolerit CAN. Pas nj\u00eb viti, n\u00eb kontrolluesin 1986BE1T (ajrore) t\u00eb revizionit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm u zbulua nj\u00eb problem me modulin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MIL-STD-1553\">MKIU (kanali i multiplikuar p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbim informacioni)<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb gjitha revizionet e k\u00ebtyre mikrocontroler\u00ebve deri n\u00eb vitin 2016 ishin t\u00eb kufizuara p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim. Shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe nerva kaluan p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar k\u00ebto probleme, t\u00eb cilat tani mund t\u00eb konfirmohen n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/upload\/iblock\/352\/352a1573c08c406a94b976ed95fe4506.pdf\">listat e gabimeve (Errata)<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb tipar i pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm ishte se duhej t\u00eb punoja dhe shqyrtoja gabimet, jo n\u00eb tabelat e testimit, por n\u00eb tabelat e prototipeve t\u00eb paisjeve, t\u00eb cilat ishin planifikuar p\u00ebr prodhim serial n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 lidh\u00ebsit JTAG, aty zakonisht nuk kishte asgj\u00eb. T\u00eb lidhesh me nj\u00eb analizues logjik ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe e pak\u00ebndshme, si dhe zakonisht nuk kishte drita LED dhe ekrane. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00eb mendje m\u00eb lindi ideja p\u00ebr krijimin e tabel\u00ebs sime t\u00eb testimit.<\/p>\n<p>Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, n\u00eb treg ishin komplete sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse p\u00ebr debugging, si dhe pllaka t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera nga kompania LDM-Systems nga Zelenograd. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7mimet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto produkte jan\u00eb trondit\u00ebse dhe funksionaliteti baz\u00eb pa pllakat e zgjerimit nuk p\u00ebrmbush pritjet. Nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb me kontrolluesin dhe lidh\u00ebsin e shkrir\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn interes p\u00ebr mua. Pllakat m\u00eb interesante jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2d9bbe972bf897ad96168533155ace8a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e debugimit MILANDR LDM-HELPER-K1986BE1QI-FULL, &copy; LDM Systems <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kompania \u00abMilandr\u00bb ka nj\u00eb politik\u00eb \u00e7mimi dhe marketingu t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb disa mikro\u00e7ipe t\u00eb merren falas, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr personat juridik\u00eb dhe lidhet me nj\u00eb proces burokratik. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, mikro\u00e7ipet n\u00eb trupin metalokeramik jan\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7muara n\u00eb kuptimin e drejt\u00eb dhe figurativ. P\u00ebr shembull, kontrolluesi 1986BE1T kushton n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb nga 14 deri n\u00eb 24 mij\u00eb rubla. Mikro\u00e7ipi i memories statike 1645RU6U kushton nga 15,000 rubla. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rendi i \u00e7mimeve p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb produktin. N\u00eb fund, madje edhe institucionet k\u00ebrkimore me porosi shtet\u00ebrore kursejn\u00eb dhe kursejn\u00eb nga k\u00ebto \u00e7mime. Mikro\u00e7ipet n\u00eb trupin plastik p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim civil jan\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb lira, por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme nga furnizuesit e njohur. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, cil\u00ebsia e mikro\u00e7ipave n\u00eb trupin plastik, si\u00e7 mendoj, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt se \u00abt\u00eb arta\u00bb. P\u00ebr shembull, nuk arrija t\u00eb niste kontrolluesin K1986BE1QI n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 128MHz pa rritur parametrin e flash latency. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, temperatura e k\u00ebtij kontrolluesi iu ngrit n\u00eb 40-50C. Nd\u00ebrsa kontrolluesi 1986BE1T (\u00abi art\u00eb\u00bb) u nis n\u00eb 128MHz pa rregullime t\u00eb tjera dhe mbeti i ftoht\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet i mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6e1cc067feffd0f7d14f234928c6872a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikrokontrolluesi \u00abi art\u00eb\u00bb 1986BE1T, (c) Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fat q\u00eb mikrokontrolluesi n\u00eb trupin plastik mund t\u00eb blihet n\u00eb pakic\u00eb n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb LDM Systems, dhe t\u00eb gjitha skemat e pllakave jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb lir\u00eb. E keqe \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb faqen e internetit n\u00eb fotografin\u00eb e kontrolluesit shfaqet nj\u00eb markim q\u00eb tregon se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb revisioni 4 i vitit 2014, dmth, me defekte. Mendova p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb blej apo jo. K\u00ebshtu kaluan disa vite... <\/p>\n<p>Mendimi p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb pllake debugging nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur. Gradualisht kam formuar t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat dhe mendova se si ta vendosja t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ishte kompakt dhe jo shum\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb. Paralelisht porosita nga kinez\u00ebt komponentet e nevojshme. Nuk isha nxitim \u2013 gjith\u00e7ka e b\u00ebja p\u00ebr vete. Furnizuesit kinez\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr pakujdesit \u2013 m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb porositesha t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb nga vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb m\u00eb nevojitej. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, disa mikro\u00e7ipet e memories u treguan se ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura \u2013 duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura nga pajisje t\u00eb prishura. Kjo m\u00eb ndodhi m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb blish mikroprocesorin Milandr K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion) \u2013 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin dyqan \"Chip e Dip\" n\u00eb seksionin \"Pozita p\u00ebr porosi\" kam gjetur vet\u00ebm K1986BE92QI p\u00ebr 740 rubla, por ai nuk m\u00eb p\u00ebrkiste. Varianti i vet\u00ebm \u2013 t\u00eb blija n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb LDM-Systems nj\u00eb revizion t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr 2000 rubla. Pasi q\u00eb nuk arrita t\u00eb gjej nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim askund tjet\u00ebr, vendosa t\u00eb blej at\u00eb q\u00eb kishte. P\u00ebr habin\u00eb time t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme, m\u00eb shit\u00ebn nj\u00eb kontrollues t\u00eb ri nga dhjetori i vitit 2018, revizioni 6+ (1820). Por faqja ende kishte nj\u00eb fotografi t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, dhe n\u00eb momentin e shkruarjes s\u00eb artikullit kontrolluesi nuk ishte n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f905fb0a07862f6a6c0c1f27c340c5a2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikroprocesori K1986\u0412\u04151QI (aviacion) n\u00eb paketimin teknologjik, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Karakteristikat teknike kryesore t\u00eb bordit tim t\u00eb zhvillimit <b>MDB1986<\/b> t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtmet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> debagues-programator i integruar, i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm me J-Link dhe CMSIS-DAP;<\/li>\n<li> memorie statike 4Mbit (256k x 16, 10 ns);<\/li>\n<li> \u00e7ip flash memorie 64Mbit, Winbond 25Q64FVSIG;<\/li>\n<li> transmetues-prer\u00ebs RS-232 me linjat RTS dhe CTS;<\/li>\n<li> interfaca dhe konektor\u00ebt p\u00ebr Ethernet, USB, CAN;<\/li>\n<li> kontrolluesi i ekranit 7-segment MAX7221;<\/li>\n<li> konektor p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) dhe ARINC429;<\/li>\n<li> fototranziistor Everlight PT17-21C;<\/li>\n<li> pes\u00eb LED ngjyr\u00eb, nj\u00eb buton reset dhe dy butona t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit;<\/li>\n<li> n\u00eb energji nga porta USB 5 volt;<\/li>\n<li> p\u00ebrmasat e bordit t\u00eb printuar 100 x 80 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb p\u00eblqenin bordet e seris\u00eb STM-Discovery p\u00ebr shkak se aty kishte nj\u00eb programator-debagues t\u00eb integruar \u2013 ST-Link. ST-Link origjinal punon vet\u00ebm me kontrolluesit e kompanis\u00eb STMicroelectronics, por disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb u b\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohej firmware n\u00eb ST-Link dhe t\u00eb merrej SEGGER J-Link OB (on-board) Debugger. Ligj\u00ebrisht ka nj\u00eb kufizim p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb debaguesi t\u00eb till\u00eb vet\u00ebm me bordet STMicroelectronics, por n\u00eb fakt potenciali nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar. K\u00ebshtu, duke pasur J-Link OB, mund t\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb programator-debagues t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb bordin e zhvillimit. Do ta theksoj se n\u00eb produktet \"LDM-Systems\" p\u00ebrdoret konvertori CP2102 (Usb2Uart), q\u00eb mund vet\u00ebm t\u00eb dergoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/69b93aeba719b818c3ae8f1fcae45ac2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mikroprocesor\u00ebt STM32F103C8T6, origjinal\u00eb dhe jo aq origjinal\u00eb, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pra, ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb blija nj\u00eb STM32F103C8T6 origjinal, pasi firmware e mark\u00ebs nuk do t\u00eb punonte sakt\u00eb me klonin. Dyshoja p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb dhe vendosa ta provoj n\u00eb pun\u00eb kontrolluesin CS32F103C8T6 t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb kineze CKS. Nuk kam ankesa p\u00ebr kontrolluesin, por firmware origjinale ST-Link nuk punoi n\u00eb t\u00eb. J-Link punoi pjes\u00ebrisht \u2013 pajisja USB u identifikua, por programatori nuk kryente funksionet e tij dhe p\u00ebrher\u00eb m\u00eb njoftonte se ishte \"defekt\".<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f2b520deaf681a088b43dd62453ff99c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Gabim gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb debaguesit n\u00eb kontrolluesin jo origjinal<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nuk e pata ndalur k\u00ebtu dhe fillova s\u00eb pari t\u00eb shkruaja nj\u00eb firmware p\u00ebr ndri\u00e7imin e LED-it, dhe pastaj realizova k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn IDCODE p\u00ebrmes protokollit JTAG. Programatori ST-Link q\u00eb kishte n\u00eb bordin Discovery, dhe programi ST-Link Utility programuan pa probleme CS32F103C8T6. N\u00eb fund, e kuptova se bordi im punon. P\u00ebr g\u00ebzimin tim, kontrolluesi q\u00ebllimor K1986BE1QI (aviacioni) jepte me \u00ebndje IDCODE-n\u00eb e tij p\u00ebrmes linj\u00ebs TDO.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/73011a61aa316f779c6b9d27e13d5ea1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Osillogrami i vij\u00ebs sinjale TDO me p\u00ebrgjigjen e koduar IDCODE, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1a27b40eeb768ece0303d6ae9c4c0861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ja, dhe porti SWD u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr debugimin e vet debugerit dhe verifikimin e IDCODE<\/i><\/p>\n<p>I mbetej opsioni me debugin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arm-software.github.io\/CMSIS_5\/DAP\/html\/index.html\">CMSIS-DAP (Porti i Qasjes n\u00eb Debug)<\/a><\/noindex>. T\u00eb mbledh\u00ebsh projektin nga burimet e ARM-it \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, un\u00eb e mora projektin nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/x893\/\" class=\"user_link\">X893<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe pastaj provoja gjithashtu DAP42. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, Keil uVision ngjitej dhe nuk donte t\u00eb punonte me ta. N\u00eb fund, e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsova \u00e7ipin e debugerit me at\u00eb mark\u00eb STM32F103C8T6 dhe nuk u ktheva m\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1663ad2e63a8841e785fd0dd473ad395.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Puna e suksesshme e debugerit t\u00eb integruar J-Link STLink V2<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kur ishin n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb bordit debugues t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, fillova n\u00eb Eagle CAD dhe zbulova se nuk ishin n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn e elementeve. S'kishte si t\u00eb ikja \u2013 duhej t'i skicoja vet\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, krijova vend p\u00ebr memorje, lidhjen HanRun p\u00ebr Ethernet, dhe p\u00ebr rezistor\u00ebt dhe kondensator\u00ebt shtova korniza. Mund t\u00eb gjeni skedarin e projektit dhe bibliotek\u00ebn e komponent\u00ebve <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">n\u00eb GitHub-in tim<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Skema principe e bordit debugues MDB1986<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/09a1ffed6589405f70ccc60fececbaaf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bordi ushqehet nga nj\u00eb burim me rrym\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme me tension 5 volt, e cila merret nga porti USB. N\u00eb total, bordi ka dy porte USB Type-B. Nj\u00ebra \u2013 p\u00ebr programatorin, tjetra \u2013 p\u00ebr kontrolluesin K1986BE1QI. Bordi mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb nga cilido prej k\u00ebtyre burimeve ose me t\u00eb dyja nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. Rregullimi m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb i ngarkes\u00ebs dhe mbrojtja e linjave t\u00eb energjis\u00eb realizohen me diode Shottky, n\u00eb skem\u00ebn D2 dhe D3 (SS24). Gjithashtu, n\u00eb skem\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihni siguresat auto-rind\u00ebrtuese F1 dhe F2 me 500mA. Linjat sinjale t\u00eb portit USB jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtura me nj\u00eb montim diode USBLC6-2SC6. <\/p>\n<p>Skema e debugerit-programator ST-Link \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr shum\u00eb, mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb dokumentacionin e bordeve STM32-Discovery dhe burime t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr programimin fillestar t\u00eb klonit ST-Link\/J-Link-OB\/DAP (sip\u00ebr zgjedhjes), kam nxjerr\u00eb linjat SWDIO (PA13), SWCLK (PA14), GND. Shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr programim UART dhe detyrohen t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin \u00e7el\u00ebsat BOOT. Por m\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet m\u00eb shum\u00eb SWD, p\u00ebrve\u00e7se ky protokoll lejon debugimin.<\/p>\n<p>Pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e bordit furnizohen me 3.3 volt, t\u00eb cilat vijn\u00eb nga rregullatori i tensionit AMS1117-3.3. P\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar interferencat elektromagnetike dhe goditjet eurrent, p\u00ebrdoren filtre LC nga kondensator\u00eb dhe bobina t\u00eb seris\u00eb BLM31PG.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga komponent\u00ebt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuesi i ekranit me 7 segmente MAX7221. Sipas specifikimeve, energjia e rekomanduar \u00ebsht\u00eb nga 4 deri n\u00eb 5.5 volt, dhe niveli i sinjalit t\u00eb lart\u00eb (logjika 1) \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 3.5V (0.7 x VCC) me furnizim 5V. Me kontrollorin K1986BE1QI (aero) niveli i logjik\u00ebs 1 korrespondon me tensionin nga 2.8 deri n\u00eb 3.3V. \u00cbsht\u00eb evidente q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb mos p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb niveleve t\u00eb sinjaleve, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb funksionimin normal. Kam vendosur ta furnizoj MAX7221 me 4V dhe t\u00eb ul nivelet e sinjaleve n\u00eb 2.8V (0.7 x 4 = 2.8). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb zinxhirin e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb drejtuesit \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb diod\u00eb D4 (RS1A ose FR103). Pra, ulja e tensionit \u00ebsht\u00eb 0.9V (diode Schottky 0.3V dhe diod\u00eb 0.6V), dhe gjith\u00e7ka funksionon.<\/p>\n<p>Shumica e porteve t\u00eb mikroprocesorit K1986BE1QI (aero) jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme me sinjale deri n\u00eb 5V. Prandaj, nuk ka probleme me p\u00ebrdorimin e transceiver-it CAN MCP2551, i cili gjithashtu punon nga 5V. Si transceiver RS-232 n\u00eb skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar \u00e7ipi MAX3232, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kam p\u00ebrdorur SN65C3232D nga Texas Instruments, pasi ai funksionon nga 3.3V dhe ofron shpejt\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 1Mbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb pllak\u00eb jan\u00eb vendosur 4 rezonanator\u00eb kuarc \u2013 nj\u00eb p\u00ebr debug (8MHz) dhe tre p\u00ebr mikroprocesorin K1986BE1QI (aero) me ndihma 32.768kHz, 16MHz, 25MHz. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb komponente t\u00eb nevojshme, pasi parametrat e gjeneratorit t\u00eb integruar RC jan\u00eb n\u00eb kufij shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj nga 6 deri n\u00eb 10 MHz. Frekuenca 25MHz \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e kontrollorit t\u00eb integruar Ethernet. N\u00eb faqen e Milandrit (ndoshta me gabim) \u00ebsht\u00eb cekur se n\u00eb qarkun plastik mungon Ethernet. Por ne do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi n\u00eb specifikimet dhe faktet.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb stimul i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr krijimin e pllak\u00ebs sime t\u00eb debug ishte mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me autobusin e jasht\u00ebm EBC (kontrollori i autobus\u00ebve t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm), i cili p\u00ebr esenc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb port paralel. Mikroprocesori K1986BE1QI (aero) lejon lidhjen dhe pun\u00ebn me mikro\u00e7ipe t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb memories dhe pajisje periferike, si ADC, FPGA etj. Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e autobusit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb m\u00ebdha \u2013 mund t\u00eb punohet me RAM statike 8-bit, 16-bit dhe 32-bit, ROM dhe NAND Flash. P\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar\/zhvatur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat 32-bit, kontrollori di t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb automatikisht 2 operacione p\u00ebr mikro\u00e7ipet 16-bit dhe 4 operacione p\u00ebr ato 8-bit. \u00cbsht\u00eb evidente se operacioni 32-bit i input-output do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt me autobus 32-bit. Nj\u00eb nga disavantazhet \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr programim q\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat 32-bit, dhe n\u00eb pllak\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb 32 shina.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/121a0a0d85a861a9c1ad02048de7d941.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\u00c7ipat e RAM statike, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura (n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar) me nj\u00eb defekt<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e balancuar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i \u00e7ipave t\u00eb memories 16-bit. Un\u00eb kam n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb \u00e7ipa nga Integrated Silicon Solutions Inc. (ISSI IS61LV25616AL, 16 x 256k, 10 ns, 3.3V). Sigurisht, firma \"Miland\u00ebr\" ka \u00e7ipat e saj t\u00eb memories statike <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/products\/mikroskhemy_pamyati\/\">seria 1645RY<\/a><\/noindex>, por\u00eb ato jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta dhe t\u00eb paaksesueshme. Si alternativ\u00eb ka modul kompatibil Samsung K6R4016V1D. M\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebrmenda se \u00e7ip\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe eksemplari q\u00eb instaluar fillimisht jepte gabime dhe vlera kaotike n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e 15-t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. M\u00eb duhej disa dit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur gabimet harduerike, dhe ndjenja e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e madhe kur z\u00ebvend\u00ebsova \u00e7ipin e d\u00ebmtuar me nj\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, shpejt\u00ebsia e pun\u00ebs me memorie t\u00eb jashtme l\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. <\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Bus-i i jasht\u00ebm dhe m\u00ebnyra StandAlone<\/b>Mikrokontrollori K1986BE1QI (ajrore) ka nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike StandAlone, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb parapar\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb n\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebt Ethernet dhe MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) p\u00ebrmes bus-it t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrsa b\u00ebrthama \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje rikuperimi, dmth. nuk p\u00ebrdoret. Kjo m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt dhe FPGA-t\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb Ethernet dhe\/ose MKIO.<br \/>\nSkema e lidhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb si vijon: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bus-i i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb MCU (D0-D15) =&gt; SRAM (I\/O0-I\/O15),<\/li>\n<li>bus-i i adres\u00ebs s\u00eb MCU (A1-A18) =&gt; SRAM (A0-A17),<\/li>\n<li>kontrolli i MCU (nWR, nRD, PortC2) =&gt; SRAM (WE, OE, CE),<\/li>\n<li>SRAM (UB, LB) jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ose t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequra n\u00eb tok\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rezistori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLinia CE \u00ebsht\u00eb e t\u00ebrhequr n\u00eb energji p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rezistori, pin\u00ebt p\u00ebr ndarjen e bajt\u00ebve t\u00eb MCU (BE0-BE3) nuk p\u00ebrdoren. N\u00ebn spoiler po jap kodin e inicializimit t\u00eb porteve dhe kontrollorit t\u00eb bus-it t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Inicializimi i porteve dhe kontrollorit EBC (kontrollori i bus-it t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm)<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">void SRAM_Init (void)\n{\n\tEBC_InitTypeDef          EBC_InitStruct = { 0 };\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitTypeDef EBC_MemRegionInitStruct = { 0 };\n\tPORT_InitTypeDef         initStruct = { 0 };\n\n\tRST_CLK_PCLKcmd (RST_CLK_PCLK_EBC, ENABLE);\n\n\tPORT_StructInit (&amp;initStruct);\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ T\u00cb DH\u00cbNAT PA0..PA15 (D0..D15)                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_MODE      = PORT_MODE_DIGITAL;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD_SHM    = PORT_PD_SHM_ON;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_SPEED     = PORT_SPEED_FAST;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_All;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTA, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PF3-PF15 (A0..A12), A0 - nuk p\u00ebrdoret. \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_4  | PORT_Pin_5  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_6  | PORT_Pin_7  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_8  | PORT_Pin_9  |\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPORT_Pin_10 | PORT_Pin_11 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_12 | PORT_Pin_13 |\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPORT_Pin_14 | PORT_Pin_15;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTF, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PD3..PD0 (A13..A16)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_OVERRID;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_2 | PORT_Pin_3;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTD, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adresa PE3, PE4 (A17, A18)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_3 | PORT_Pin_4;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTE, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Kontrolli PC0, PC1 (nWE,nOE)                  \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Kontrolli PC2 (nCE)                          \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD        = PORT_PD_DRIVER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_OE        = PORT_OE_OUT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_PORT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = MDB_SRAM_CE;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Inicializimi i kontrollorit EBC                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tEBC_DeInit();\n\tEBC_StructInit(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_Mode             = EBC_MODE_RAM;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_WaitState        = EBC_WAIT_STATE_3HCLK;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_DataAlignment    = EBC_EBC_DATA_ALIGNMENT_16;\n\tEBC_Init(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\t\n\tEBC_MemRegionStructInit(&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct);\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Active   = 2;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Setup    = EBC_WS_SETUP_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Hold     = EBC_WS_HOLD_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.Enable_Tune = ENABLE;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInit (&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct, EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000);\n\tEBC_MemRegionCMD(EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000, ENABLE);\n\n\t\/\/ Aktivizo RAM (nCE)\n\tPORT_ResetBits (MDR_PORTC, MDB_SRAM_CE);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMikrokontrolleri n\u00eb paketim LQFP-144 dhe memoria n\u00eb paketim TSOP-44 kan\u00eb shum\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura dhe z\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb vend n\u00eb bordin e printuar. Duke patur p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve optimizuese n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb, m\u00eb ishte evidente se p\u00ebr vendosjen e k\u00ebtyre mikroskemeve n\u00eb bord, ato duhet t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb burime t\u00eb ndryshme kam hasur n\u00eb komente t\u00eb l\u00ebvduara p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eremex.ru\/products\/delta-design\/topor\/\">CAD TopoR (Ruter Topologjik)<\/a><\/noindex>. E shkarkova versionin prov\u00eb (trial) dhe arrita ta eksportoja projektin tim nga Eagle CAD vet\u00ebm kur fshiva pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha komponent\u00ebt. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, edhe 10 elemente, software TopoR nuk arriti t'i vendoste n\u00eb bord. S\u00eb pari, t\u00eb gjitha komponent\u00ebt u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb qoshe, e m\u00eb pas u shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit. Ky opsion nuk m\u00eb k\u00ebnaqte, dhe kalova nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb duke kryer trajektoren e bordit n\u00eb modin manual n\u00eb ambientin e njohur Eagle CAD.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb element i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i nj\u00eb pllake t\u00eb printuar \u00ebsht\u00eb serigrafia. N\u00eb pllak\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcaktuesit duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00ebnshkrime p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt elektronik\u00eb, por gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara t\u00eb gjitha portet. N\u00eb an\u00ebn e prapme t\u00eb pllak\u00ebs, kam vendosur tabela-memorie me funksionet e porteve t\u00eb kontroler\u00ebve (themelore, alternative, t\u00eb tejkaluara, aktuale). Prodhimin e pllakave t\u00eb printuara e kam porositur n\u00eb Kin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb njohur PCBWay. Nuk do ta p\u00ebrshkruaj mir\u00eb, sepse cil\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Ata mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb, me toleranca m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, por <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcbway.com\/HighQualityOrderOnline.aspx\">p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cf7b60c6a2361614d18e4949c35ab583.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pllakat e printuara MDB1986, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb duhej t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfutja komponent\u00ebt \"n\u00eb gjunj\u00eb\" me nj\u00eb saldator 40-watt dhe me llak POS-61, sepse saldoj rrall\u00eb, 1-2 her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, dhe pasta salduese ishte thyer. Gjithashtu, m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja kontrolluesin kinez CS32F103 me origjinalin STM32F103, dhe pastaj nd\u00ebrrimin e memories. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, tani jam plot\u00ebsisht i k\u00ebnaqur me rezultatin, ndon\u00ebse ende nuk e kam testuar funksionin RS-232 dhe CAN.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zhvillimi i nj\u00eb pllake debug p\u00ebr K1986BE1QI (aviacion)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/a3dc985a943623d5d07fb8e762468963.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pllaka e p\u00ebrcaktuesit MDB1986 n\u00eb pun\u00eb - ndri\u00e7on dhe ngre temperatur\u00ebn, (c) Foto e autorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb faqen e \"Milandr\" mund t\u00eb gjeni mjaft <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.milandr.ru\/library\/\">materialeve m\u00ebsimore p\u00ebr studimin e kontroler\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> seris\u00eb 1986BE9 (n\u00ebnd\u00ebrtimi Cortex-M3), por p\u00ebr mikrocontroler K1986BE1QI (aviacion) nuk shoh asgj\u00eb atje. Pasi shqyrtova materialet e publikuara atje, metodologjit\u00eb dhe punimet laboratorike p\u00ebr universitetet, jam i g\u00ebzuar q\u00eb po p\u00ebrgatiten specialist\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me kontroler\u00eb rus\u00eb. Shumica e materialeve m\u00ebsimore p\u00ebrgatit p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me porta hyr\u00ebse-dal\u00ebse, timer\u00eb, ADC, DAC, SPI, UART. P\u00ebrdoren mjedise t\u00eb ndryshme zhvillimi IDE (Keil, IAR, CodeMaster). Diku programojn\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur regjistrat CMSIS, kurse diku p\u00ebrdorin MDR Library. Duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet burimi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/startmilandr.ru\/\">Start Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb num\u00ebr artikujsh nga programues t\u00eb praktik\u00ebs. Dhe, sigurisht, nuk duhet t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.milandr.ru\/\">forumet e Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Diskutimi mbi Milandr<\/b>Mikroelektronika n\u00eb Rusi po zhvillohet, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, kompania \"Milandr\" luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Po shfaqen mikrocontroler\u00eb t\u00eb rinj interesant\u00eb, si 1986BE81T dhe \"Elektronsila\" me nd\u00ebrfaqe SpaceWire dhe MKIO (t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si n\u00eb 1986BE1 dhe ndoshta me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat probleme), etj. Por p\u00ebr student\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm, Profesor\u00ebt dhe inxhinier\u00ebt civil\u00eb, blerja e k\u00ebtyre \u00e7ipeve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se komuniteti i inxhinier\u00ebve nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb shpejt gabimet dhe problemet e k\u00ebtij \u00e7ipi. M\u00eb duket se fillimisht duhet t\u00eb prodhohen \u00e7ipe n\u00eb nj\u00eb trup plastik, t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen midis t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebve t\u00eb interesuara, dhe mbas testimit (lat. approbatio \u2014 miratim, njohje) nga specialist\u00ebt, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitet nj\u00eb revizim n\u00eb nj\u00eb trup metal-keraamik me mbrojtje nga t\u00eb gjitha faktor\u00ebt e tmerrsh\u00ebm. Shpresoj se n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e af\u00ebrt do t\u00eb na g\u00ebzojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb me projektet e reja t\u00eb shpallura n\u00eb ekspozita.<br \/>\n\u00c7do kush mund t\u00eb riprodhoj\u00eb, modifikoj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdor\u00eb pllak\u00ebn e debugging q\u00eb kam zhvilluar gjat\u00eb procesit m\u00ebsimor. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, un\u00eb e kam krijuar pllak\u00ebn p\u00ebr veten time, por doli kaq mir\u00eb, sa q\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">vendosa ta ndaj me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>K1986BE1QI (aviacion) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrollues shum\u00eb interesant me interfaca unike, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb universitete p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar student\u00ebt. Mendoj se pas korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb kontrollues dhe kalimit t\u00eb provimeve t\u00eb certifikimit, kontrolluesi do t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs!<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482716\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u044b \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0424\u0426\u041f \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 2008-2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u041a1986\u0412\u04159x (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M3) \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422 (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M1). \u041e\u043d \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0435 LQFP-144 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f 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