{"id":54924,"date":"2020-01-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:59","slug":"predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","title":{"rendered":"U realizua l\u00ebshimi i shfletuesit web Firefox 72, si dhe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hulumtuesit nga Instituti Shtet\u00ebror Francez p\u00ebr K\u00ebrkimin n\u00eb Informatik\u00eb dhe Automatizim (INRIA) dhe Universiteti Teknologjik Nanyang (Singapor) paraqit\u00ebn nj\u00eb metod\u00eb sulmi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/\">Kaos<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2020\/014.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), e cila paraqitet si implementimi i par\u00eb praktik i nj\u00eb sulmi ndaj algoritmit SHA-1, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar n\u00ebnshkrime digjitale fallco PGP dhe GnuPG. Hulumtuesit besojn\u00eb se tani t\u00eb gjitha sulmet praktike ndaj MD5 mund t\u00eb aplikohen gjithashtu n\u00eb SHA-1, ndon\u00ebse ende k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb burime t\u00eb konsiderueshme p\u00ebr t'u realizuar.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda bazohet n\u00eb kryerjen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC\">s\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi kolizionar me nj\u00eb prefiks t\u00eb caktuar<\/a><\/noindex>, duke lejon du dysh perfeksionet e dy grupeve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, ku, kur bashkohen, rezultojn\u00eb grupe q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb kolizione, p\u00ebrdorimi i algoritmit SHA-1 p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb formimin e nj\u00eb h\u00ebne t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb rezultative. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr dy dokumente ekzistuese \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb llogariten dy shtesa, dhe n\u00ebse nj\u00ebra i bashkohet dokumentit t\u00eb par\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra t\u00eb dytit \u2014 h\u00ebna rezultative SHA-1 p\u00ebr k\u00ebto skedar\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda e re dallon nga teknikat e ngjashme t\u00eb propozuara m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb efikasitetit n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e kolizionit dhe demonstrimit t\u00eb aplikimit praktik p\u00ebr sulmin ndaj PGP. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, hulumtuesit arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatisin dy \u00e7el\u00ebsa t\u00eb hapur PGP t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi (RSA-8192 dhe RSA-6144) me identifikues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoruesi dhe me certifikata q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb koliziona SHA-1. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/bob.asc\">\u00c7el\u00ebsi i par\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebrfshinte identifikuesin e viktim\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/alice.asc\">\u00e7el\u00ebsi i dyt\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebrfshinte emrin dhe imazhin e sulmuesit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, fal\u00eb gjetjes s\u00eb kolizionit, certifikata identifikuese p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsat, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7el\u00ebsin dhe imazhin e sulmuesit, kishte t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin hash SHA-1 si certifikata identifikuese q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7el\u00ebsin dhe emrin e viktim\u00ebs. <\/p>\n<p>Sulmuesi mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrim digjital p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsin dhe imazhin e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb certifikimit, pas \u00e7ka mund t\u00eb transferoj\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimin digjital p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsin e viktim\u00ebs. N\u00ebnshkrimi digjital mbetet i sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kolizionit dhe n\u00ebnshkrimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsit nga qendra e certifikimit, duke lejuar sulmuesin t\u00eb marr\u00eb kontrollin edhe mbi \u00e7el\u00ebsin me emrin e viktim\u00ebs (duke qen\u00eb se hash SHA-1 p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy \u00e7el\u00ebsat p\u00ebrputhen). N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, sulmuesi mund t\u00eb paraqitet si viktima dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruaj\u00eb \u00e7do dokument n\u00eb emrin e saj.<\/p>\n<p>Sulmi mbetet akoma mjaft i kushtuesh\u00ebm, por tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe korporatave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar kolizione duke p\u00ebrdorur GPU-n\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb NVIDIA GTX 970, shpenzimet ishin 11 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar kolizione me nj\u00eb prefiks t\u00eb caktuar \u2014 45 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb (p\u00ebr krahasim, n\u00eb vitin 2012 shpenzimet p\u00ebr gjenerimin e kolizionit n\u00eb SHA-1 u vler\u00ebsuan n\u00eb 2 milion dollar\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2015 \u2014 700 mij\u00eb). P\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb sulm praktik n\u00eb PGP nevojiteshin dy muaj llogaritjesh me asistenc\u00ebn e 900 GPU-ve NVIDIA GTX 1060, qiraja e t\u00eb cilave u kushtoi studiuesve 75 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda e propozuar nga studiuesit p\u00ebr zbulimin e kolizioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb efikase se arritjet e kaluara \u2014 niveli i v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb llogaritjeve t\u00eb kolizionit arriti t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb n\u00eb 261.2 operacione, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 264.7, dhe kolizionet me nj\u00eb prefiks t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb 263.4 operacione n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 267.1. Studiuesit rekomandojn\u00eb kalimin sa m\u00eb shpejt nga SHA-1 n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e SHA-256 ose SHA-3, pasi sipas parashikimeve t\u00eb tyre, n\u00eb vitin 2025 kostoja e kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi do t\u00eb bie n\u00eb 10 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Zhvilluesit e GnuPG u njoftuan p\u00ebr problemin m\u00eb 1 tetor (CVE-2019-14855) dhe m\u00eb 25 n\u00ebntor n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e GnuPG 2.2.18 mor\u00ebn masa p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar certifikatat problematike \u2014 t\u00eb gjitha n\u00ebnshkrimet digjitale identifikuese SHA-1, t\u00eb krijuara pas 19 janarit t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, tani njihen si t\u00eb pavlefshme. N\u00eb CAcert, nj\u00eb nga autoritetet kryesore t\u00eb certifikimit p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsat PGP, planifikojn\u00eb kalimin n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e funksioneve hash m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta p\u00ebr certifikimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsave. Zhvilluesit e OpenSSL, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb informacionit mbi metod\u00ebn e re t\u00eb sulmit, vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb SHA-1 n\u00eb nivelin e siguris\u00eb t\u00eb ofruar si t\u00eb paracaktuar (SHA-1 nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr certifikatat dhe n\u00ebnshkrimet digjitale gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb negociat\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjeve).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Shambles (PDF), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c SHA-1, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 PGP \u0438 GnuPG. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 MD5 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 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