{"id":55012,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii","title":{"rendered":"Maximizmi rinor dhe fryma e kund\u00ebrshtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve nga pik\u00ebpamja e neuroshkenc\u00ebs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Maximizmi
\n
\nNj\u00eb nga fenomenet m\u00eb misterioze dhe ende t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatura \u00ebsht\u00eb truri i njeriut. Rreth k\u00ebtij organi kompleks qarkullojn\u00eb shum\u00eb pyetje: pse shohim \u00ebndrrat, si e ndikojn\u00eb emocionet vendimmarrjen, cilat qeliza nervore jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr perceptimin e drit\u00ebs dhe z\u00ebrit, pse disa njer\u00ebz p\u00eblqejn\u00eb shprot\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt adhuricin\u00eb ullinjt\u00eb? T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto pyetje lidhen me trurin, pasi ai \u00ebsht\u00eb procesori qendror i trupit t\u00eb njeriut. Shum\u00eb vite shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb kushtuar v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, dallohet nga turma (nga gjenit\u00eb vet\u00eb-m\u00ebsues deri te psychopath\u00ebt e llogaritur). Por ekziston nj\u00eb kategori njer\u00ebzish, sjellja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve e pazakont\u00eb lidhet me mosh\u00ebn e tyre \u2014 adoleshent\u00ebt. Shum\u00eb adoleshent\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb theksuar t\u00eb kontradikt\u00ebs, shpirtin e aventur\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb pakontrollueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur aventura. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Pensilvanis\u00eb vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb shqyrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb detaje trurin misterioz t\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebve dhe proceset q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb t\u00eb. \u00c7far\u00eb arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb, do ta m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga raporti i tyre. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e studimit<\/h3>\n

\n\u00c7do aparat n\u00eb teknologji dhe organ n\u00eb trup ka arkitektur\u00ebn e vet, q\u00eb i lejon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb me efikasitet. Kortezi i trurit t\u00eb njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb organizuar sipas nj\u00eb hierarkie funksionale, duke filluar nga korja unimodale korja sensorike<\/i>* dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me koren transmodale asociative*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Korre sensorike e trurit* \u2014 pjes\u00eb e kortezit t\u00eb trurit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr mbledhjen dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit nga organet e ndjesive (syt\u00eb, gjuha, hunda, vesh\u00ebt, l\u00ebkura dhe aparati vestibular).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Korre associative* \u2014 pjes\u00eb e kortezit parietal t\u00eb trurit q\u00eb merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb realizimin e l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb planifikuara. Kur ne jemi n\u00eb proces t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeje, truri yn\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb se ku ndodhet trupi dhe pjes\u00ebt e tij q\u00eb do t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin, si dhe ku ndodhen objektet e mjedisit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm me t\u00eb cilat planifikohet nd\u00ebrveprimi. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb filxhan n\u00eb duar, truri juaj tashm\u00eb e di se ku ndodhet dora dhe vet\u00eb filxhani. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kjo hierarki funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb e kushtuar nga anatomia e rrug\u00ebve substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb*<\/i>, e cila koordinon aktivizimin e sinkronizuar t\u00eb neuroneve dhe kognicionin*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Substanca e bardh\u00eb* \u2014 ndryshe nga substanca gri q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga neuronet, substanca e bardh\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga aksonet e mbuluara me mielin\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave impulset transmetohen nga trupi i qeliz\u00ebs n\u00eb qeliza t\u00eb tjera dhe organe.<\/b> Kognicioni* (njohja) \u2014 grupi i proceseve q\u00eb lidhen me fitimin e njohurive t\u00eb reja mbi bot\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Evolucioni i kortezit t\u00eb trurit tek primatet dhe zhvillimi i trurit t\u00eb njeriut karakterizohen nga zgjerimi dhe rimodelimi i zonave associative transmodale, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb baza e proceseve t\u00eb perceptimit sensorik t\u00eb informacionit dhe rregullave abstrakte p\u00ebr arritjen e q\u00ebllimit.<\/b> Procesi i zhvillimit t\u00eb trurit zgjat nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ndodhin shum\u00eb procese p\u00ebrsosjeje t\u00eb trurit si nj\u00eb sistem: <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

mielinizimi*<\/p>\n

pruning synaptik* Mielinizimi* \u2014 oligodendrocitet (nj\u00eb lloj qelizash mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse n\u00eb sistemin nervor) mbulojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb apo at\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb aksonit, duke rezultuar n\u00eb q\u00eb oligodendrociti lidh\u00ebt me disa neurone nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. Sa m\u00eb aktiv t\u00eb jet\u00eb aksoni, aq m\u00eb e theksuar \u00ebsht\u00eb mielinizimi i tij, pasi kjo rrit efikasitetin e tij.<\/i>, Pruning synaptik* \u2014 reduktimi i numrit t\u00eb sinapseve\/neuron\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur efikasitetin e sistemit nervor, dmth, shp\u00ebtimi nga lidhjet e tep\u00ebrta. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb realizimi i parimit \"jo me num\u00ebr, por me cil\u00ebsi\".<\/i> etj.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb formimit t\u00eb trurit krijohet nj\u00eb specifikim funksional n\u00eb kortin associative transmodal, q\u00eb ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb zhvillimin e funksioneve ekzekutive t\u00eb rendit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb<\/b> memoria operative*<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

fleksibiliteti kognitiv*<\/b> kontrolli inhibitor*<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Memoria operative* \u2014 sistemi kognitiv i ruajtjes temporale t\u00eb informacionit. Ky lloj memorie aktivizohet gjat\u00eb proceseve aktuale t\u00eb mendimit dhe merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb vendimmarrje dhe formimin e p\u00ebrgjigjeve t\u00eb sjelljes. Fleksibiliteti kognitiv* \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga nj\u00eb mendim n\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dhe\/o t\u00eb rrethoj\u00eb disa gj\u00ebra n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment.<\/i>, Kontrolli inhibitor* (reaksioni i inhibicionit) \u2014 funksioni ekzekutiv q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njeriut p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur reagimet e tij impulsive (natyrore, t\u00eb zakonshme ose dominante) n\u00eb stimuj p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn specifike (stimuli i jasht\u00ebm).<\/i> dhe kontrolli inhibitor*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Memoria e pun\u00ebs*<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb sistem kognitiv i ruajtjes p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsore t\u00eb informacionit. Ky tip memorie aktivizohet n\u00eb momentin e proceseve mendore aktuale dhe merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb marrjen e vendimeve dhe n\u00eb formimin e p\u00ebrgjigjeve sjellore.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fleksibiliteti kognitiv*<\/b> \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t'u rrokur nga nj\u00eb mendim n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dhe\/ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar p\u00ebr disa gj\u00ebra n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kontrolli inhibitor*<\/b> (reaksioni i ndalimit) \u2014 nj\u00eb funksion ekzekutiv q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb personi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur reagimet e tij impulsive (t\u00eb natyrshme, t\u00eb zakonshme ose dominuese) ndaj stimujve p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme ndaj nj\u00eb situate t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb (stimuli i jasht\u00ebm).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Studimi i lidhjeve strukturore-funksionale t\u00eb trurit ka filluar mjaft her\u00ebt. Me shfaqjen e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb rrjeteve u b\u00eb e mundur vizualizimi i lidhjeve strukturore-funksionale n\u00eb sistemet neurobiologjike dhe ndarja e tyre n\u00eb kategori. N\u00eb thelb, lidhja strukturore-funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin shp\u00ebrndarja e lidhjeve anatomike n\u00eb rajonin e trurit mb\u00ebshtet aktivitetin neuronor t\u00eb sinkronizuar.<\/p>\n

U p\u00ebrcaktua nj\u00eb lidhje e fort\u00eb midis treguesve t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb strukturore dhe funksionale n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme hap\u00ebsinore-kohe. N\u00eb t\u00eb tjerat fjal\u00eb, metodat m\u00eb moderne t\u00eb studimit lejuan kategorizimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb trurit sipas karakteristikave t\u00eb tyre funksionale, t\u00eb lidhura me mosh\u00ebn dhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sipas shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve, deri tani praktikisht nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb lidhje me se si ndryshimet n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn e substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb trurit njer\u00ebzor mb\u00ebshtetin l\u00ebkundjet e koordinuara t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronor.<\/p>\n

Lidhja strukturore-funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb baza p\u00ebr komunikimin funksional dhe ndodh kur profili i lidhjeve nd\u00ebr-rajonale t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb n\u00eb rajonin kortikal parashikon forc\u00ebn e lidhjes funksionale nd\u00ebr-rajonale. Pra, aktiviteti i substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb do t\u00eb pasqyrohet n\u00eb aktivizimin e funksioneve ekzekutiv\u00eb t\u00eb trurit, duke mund\u00ebsuar k\u00ebshtu vler\u00ebsimin e forc\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes strukturore-funksionale.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar lidhjen strukturore-funksionale, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt parashtruan tri hipoteza, t\u00eb cilat u verifikuan gjat\u00eb studimit.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e par\u00eb pretendon se lidhja strukturore-funksionale do t\u00eb pasqyroj\u00eb specializimin funksional t\u00eb rajonit kortikal. K\u00ebshtu, lidhja strukturore-funksionale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e fort\u00eb n\u00eb korteksin somatosensorial, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb proceseve q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb zhvillimin e hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb hierarkive t\u00eb specializuara sensorike. N\u00eb kontrast, lidhja strukturore-funksionale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e ul\u00ebt n\u00eb korteksin asociativ transmodal, ku komunikimi funksional mund t\u00eb dob\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve gjenetike dhe anatomike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb evolucionar.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e dyt\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb mielinizimin e varur nga aktiviteti p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjat\u00eb zhvillimit dhe pretendohet se zhvillimi i lidhjeve strukturore-funksionale do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb korteksin asociativ transmodal.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e tret\u00eb: lidhja strukturore-funksionale pasqyron specializimin funksional t\u00eb rajonit kortikal. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb supozohet se lidhja strukturore-funksionale m\u00eb e fort\u00eb n\u00eb korteksin asociativ frontal-parietal do t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb n\u00eb llogaritjet e specializuara t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr realizimin e funksioneve ekzekutive.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb karakterizuar zhvillimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit strukturore-funksionale te adoleshent\u00ebt, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt realizuan nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim sasior t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn lidhjet strukturore t\u00eb pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trurit mb\u00ebshtetin l\u00ebkundjet e koordinuara t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronor.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna multimodale t\u00eb neuroimazheris\u00eb nga 727 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs p\u00ebr mosha nga 8 deri n\u00eb 23 vje\u00e7, u zhvillua trajektoria probabiliste e difuzionit dhe u vler\u00ebsua lidhshm\u00ebria funksionale midis \u00e7do \u00e7ifti t\u00eb rajoneve kortikale gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb detyr\u00ebs n-mbrapa*<\/i>, q\u00eb lidhet me aktivitetin e memories aktive.<\/p>\n

Detyra n-mbrapa*<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb metod\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimulokuar aktivitetin e disa zonave t\u00eb trurit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar memories aktive. Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsi i dor\u00ebzohet nj\u00eb serie stimulimesh (vizuale, akustike, etj.). Ai duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb stimul i caktuar ishte prezent n pozita m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara. P\u00ebr shembull: T L H C H S C C Q L C K L H C Q T R H K C H R (detyra 3-mbrapa, ku nj\u00eb shkronj\u00eb e caktuar u shfaq 3 pozita m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lidhshm\u00ebria funksionale n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb qet\u00eb pasqyron l\u00ebkundjet spontane t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronor. Nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb detyr\u00ebs p\u00ebr memories aktive, lidhshm\u00ebria funksionale mund t\u00eb forcoj\u00eb disa lidhje nervore ose populatash q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb funksionet ekzekutive.<\/p>\n

\"Maximizmi
\nFigura \u21161: matja e lidhjes strukturore-funksionale t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ekspert\u00ebt identifikuan nyjet n\u00eb rrjetet strukturore dhe funksionale t\u00eb trurit duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb parcellim cortical me 400 zona, t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb homogjenitetin funksional n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e MRI t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb studim. P\u00ebr \u00e7do pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs n\u00eb studim, profillet rajonale t\u00eb lidhjes u nxorr\u00ebn nga \u00e7do rresht i matri\u00e7ave strukturore ose funksionale t\u00eb lidhjes dhe u prezantuan si vektor\u00eb t\u00eb forc\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes nga nj\u00eb nyj\u00eb e rrjetit neural te t\u00eb gjitha nyjat e tjera. <\/p>\n

Fillimisht, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kontrolluan n\u00ebse shp\u00ebrndarja hap\u00ebsinore e lidhjeve strukturo-funksionale korrespondon me vetit\u00eb themelore t\u00eb organizimit cortical.<\/p>\n

\"Maximizmi
\nImazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Vlen t\u00eb theksohet se lidhja midis profillet rajonale t\u00eb lidhjes strukturore dhe funksionale variroi shum\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb korteksin (2A<\/b>). Lidhja m\u00eb e fort\u00eb u v\u00ebrejt n\u00eb korteksin primar sensor dhe n\u00eb korteksin medial prefrontal. N\u00eb p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebt latereal, temporal dhe frontal-temporal, lidhja ishte mjaft e dob\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm, lidhja midis lidhjes strukturo-funksionale dhe specializimit funksional, u llogarit koeficienti \"pjes\u00ebmarrjes\", i cili p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim grafik t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit sasiore t\u00eb lidhjes midis zonave t\u00eb specializuara funksionalisht t\u00eb trurit. \u00c7do nga k\u00ebto zona t\u00eb trurit ishte klasifikuar n\u00eb shtat\u00eb rrjete neuronale funksionale klasike. Nyjet neuronale t\u00eb trurit me koeficient t\u00eb lart\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjeje demonstrojn\u00eb lidhje nd\u00ebrmodulare t\u00eb ndryshme (lidhja midis zonave t\u00eb trurit) dhe, si rezultat, mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb proceset e transmetimit t\u00eb informacionit midis zonave, si dhe n\u00eb dinamiken e tyre. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, nyjet me koeficient t\u00eb ul\u00ebt pjes\u00ebmarrjeje demonstrojn\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb lokale brenda vet\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb lidhjeve nd\u00ebrmjet disa zonave. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00ebse koeficienti \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb - zonat e ndryshme t\u00eb trurit jan\u00eb duke ndikuar aktivisht n\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i ul\u00ebt - aktiviteti ndodh brenda zon\u00ebs pa lidhje me fqinj\u00ebt (2C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, u zhvillua nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies midis variabilitetit t\u00eb lidhjes strukturo-funksionale dhe hierarkis\u00eb funksionale makroshkallore. Lidhja strukturo-funksionale p\u00ebrputhet n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me gradientin kryesor t\u00eb lidhjes funksionale: zonat sensorale unimodale demonstrojn\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale relativisht t\u00eb forta, nd\u00ebrsa zonat transmodale n\u00eb krye t\u00eb hierarkis\u00eb funksionale kan\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta (2D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, u v\u00ebrtetua se ka nj\u00eb korrelacion t\u00eb fort\u00eb midis lidhjes strukturo-funksionale dhe zgjerimit evolucionar t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb korteksit (2E<\/b>). Zonat sensorale me konservim t\u00eb lart\u00eb pat\u00ebn nj\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale relativisht t\u00eb fort\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa zonat transmodale t\u00eb zgjeruara pat\u00ebn nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt. K\u00ebto v\u00ebzhgime konfirmojn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht hipotez\u00ebn se lidhja strukturo-funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb reflektim i hierarkis\u00eb cortical t\u00eb specializimit funksional dhe zgjerimit evolucionar.<\/p>\n

\"Maximizmi
\nImazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt rikujtojn\u00eb se studimet e m\u00ebparshme ishin p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb shqyrtimin e lidhjes strukturo-funksionale n\u00eb brain e t\u00eb rriturve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb punim, u p\u00ebrqendrua n\u00eb studimin e trurit n\u00eb zhvillim, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb trurin e adoleshent\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

U gjet se n\u00eb brain e adoleshent\u00ebve, ndryshimet n\u00eb lidhjet strukturo-funksionale variuan gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb korteksin temporal lateral, korteksin parietal t\u00eb posht\u00ebm dhe korteksin prefrontal (3A<\/b>). Forcimi i lidhjes ishte shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo proporcionale n\u00eb zonat e korteksit, dmth. ishte i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebngrup unik t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb ndara funksionalisht t\u00eb korteksit (3V<\/b>), q\u00eb nuk v\u00ebrehej n\u00eb brain e t\u00eb rriturve.<\/p>\n

Shkalla e ndryshimeve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhjet strukturo-funksionale kishte nj\u00eb korrelacion t\u00eb fort\u00eb me koeficientin e pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale (3C<\/b>) dhe gradientin funksional (3D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

). Shp\u00ebrndarja hap\u00ebsinore e ndryshimeve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhjet strukturo-funksionale gjithashtu p\u00ebrputhej me zgjerimin evolucionar t\u00eb korteksit. Rritja e lidhjes me mosh\u00ebn u v\u00ebrejt n\u00eb korteksin asociativ t\u00eb zgjeruar t\u00eb trurit, nd\u00ebrsa zvog\u00eblimi i lidhjes me mosh\u00ebn u v\u00ebrejt n\u00eb korteksin sensor-motor me konservim t\u00eb lart\u00eb.3E<\/b>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit, 294 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit\u00ebn ekzaminimin e trurit pas 1.7 vjet\u00ebsh nga e para. K\u00ebshtu, u p\u00ebrcaktua lidhja midis ndryshimeve moshore t\u00eb lidhjes strukturo-funksionale dhe ndryshimeve brenda individ\u00ebve t\u00eb zhvillimit. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, u krye nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i ndryshimeve longitudinale n\u00eb lidhjen strukturo-funksionale.<\/p>\n

\"Maximizmi
\nImazhi \u21164<\/i><\/p>\n

U identifikua nj\u00eb korrespondenc\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme midis ndryshimeve moshore t\u00eb prekshme dhe atyre longitudinale n\u00eb lidhjen strukturo-funksionale (4A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar lidhjen midis ndryshimeve longitudinale n\u00eb lidhjen strukturo-funksionale (4B<\/b>) dhe ndryshimeve longitudinale t\u00eb koeficientit t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale (4C<\/b>) u p\u00ebrdor regjresioni linear. U zbulua se ndryshimet longitudinale t\u00eb lidhjes korrespondonin me ndryshimet longitudinale t\u00eb koeficientit t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale n\u00eb zona asociative t\u00eb distribuuara t\u00eb rendit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb loberin dorsolateral dhe medial t\u00eb prefrontalit, loberin e posht\u00ebm parietal dhe loberin lateral-temporal (4D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\"Maximizmi
\nImazhi nr. 5<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb pasojat e dallimeve individuale n\u00eb lidhjet strukturo-funksionale p\u00ebr sjelljen. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, a mund t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb lidhja strukturo-funksionale gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb me kujtes\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs performanc\u00ebn ekzekutive. U zbulua se p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i aktiviteteve ekzekutive ishte i lidhur me nj\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb lobin dorsolateral t\u00eb prefrontalit, gjirin posterior t\u00eb cingulit dhe lobin medial occipital (5A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Koleksioni i v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr sjell disa konkluzione kryesore. S\u00eb pari, ndryshimet rajonale n\u00eb lidhjen strukturo-funksionale jan\u00eb n\u00eb proporcjonalitet t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me kompleksitetin e funksionit q\u00eb e menaxhon nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb trurit. Nj\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale m\u00eb e fort\u00eb u zbulua n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e trurit q\u00eb specializohen n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit sensorik t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb (p.sh., sinjale vizuale). Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb zonat e trurit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuara n\u00eb procese m\u00eb komplekse (funksioni ekzekutiv dhe kontrolli inhibitor) kishte nj\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Gjithashtu u konstatua q\u00eb lidhja strukturo-funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me zgjerimin evolucionar t\u00eb trurit q\u00eb v\u00ebrehet te primat\u00ebt. K\u00ebrkime krahasuese t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme mbi trurin e njeriut, primat\u00ebve dhe majmun\u00ebve kan\u00eb treguar se zonat sensorike (p.sh. sistemi vizual) jan\u00eb shum\u00eb konservatore mes llojeve t\u00eb primat\u00ebve dhe nuk jan\u00eb zgjeruar ndjesh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb evolucionit t\u00eb fundit. Nd\u00ebrsa zonat asociative t\u00eb trurit (p.sh., korteksi prefrontal) kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb zgjerim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm. Ky zgjerim ndoshta ka ndikuar drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb shfaqjen e aft\u00ebsive komplekse njoh\u00ebse te njeriu. U zbulua se zonat e trurit q\u00eb jan\u00eb zgjeruar shpejt gjat\u00eb evolucionit kishin nj\u00eb lidhje strukturo-funksionale m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me zonat sensorike t\u00eb thjeshta, q\u00eb kishin lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb forta.<\/p>\n

Tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe adoleshent\u00ebt, lidhja strukturo-funksionale rritet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive n\u00eb zonat frontale t\u00eb trurit q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr funksionin e inhibimit (p.sh., vet\u00ebkontrolli). K\u00ebshtu, zhvillimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm i lidhjes strukturo-funksionale n\u00eb k\u00ebto zona mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb funksionin ekzekutiv dhe vet\u00ebkontrollin, nj\u00eb proces zhvillimi q\u00eb vazhdon edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e rritur. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar me nuancat e hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nTruri i njeriut ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb nga misteret m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm jasht\u00ebzakonisht i nd\u00ebrlikuar, i cili duhet t\u00eb kryej\u00eb shum\u00eb funksione, t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb shum\u00eb procese dhe t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha informacioni. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb prind\u00ebr, nuk ka asgj\u00eb m\u00eb misterioze sesa truri i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre adoleshent\u00eb. Sjellja e tyre shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u quajtur logjike ose konstruktive, megjithat\u00eb kjo shpjegohet nga procesi i zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre biologjik dhe formimit social. <\/p>\n

Sigurisht, ndryshimet n\u00eb lidhjet strukturo-funksionale t\u00eb disa pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb trurit dhe ndikimi i rind\u00ebrtimeve hormonale mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb justifikim shkencor p\u00ebr sjelljen e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve, por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata nuk duhet t\u00eb drejtohen. Njeriu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb me natyr\u00eb nj\u00eb qenie asociale. N\u00ebse dikush e shmang njer\u00ebzit tjer\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb predispozit\u00ebs ton\u00eb biologjike. Prandaj, angazhimi aktiv i prind\u00ebrve n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt jasht\u00ebzakonisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre. <\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptohet se edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn tre vje\u00e7are, f\u00ebmija \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb individ me karakterin e tij, d\u00ebshirat dhe pik\u00ebpamjet p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn q\u00eb e rrethon. Prindi nuk duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i paduksh\u00ebm p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebn e tij, duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb aventur\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb, por as nuk duhet t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mur t\u00eb fort\u00eb betoni q\u00eb e ndalon at\u00eb nga njohja e bot\u00ebs. Diku duhet t\u00eb shtyhet, diku t\u00eb mbahet, diku t\u00eb ofrohet liri e plot\u00eb dhe diku, duke e treguar autoritetin e prindit, t\u00eb thuhet nj\u00eb \u201cjo\u201d t\u00eb fort\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse f\u00ebmija e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb i pak\u00ebnaqur.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb jesh prind \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, akoma m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jesh prind i mir\u00eb. Por as t\u00eb jesh adoleshent nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb. Trupi ndryshon n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, truri ndryshon, shoq\u00ebria ndryshon (ishte shkolla, dhe tani \u00ebsht\u00eb universiteti), ritmi i jet\u00ebs ndryshon. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, jeta shpesh i ngjan nj\u00eb formule-1, ku nuk ka hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr ngadal\u00ebsim. Por shpejt\u00ebsia e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rreziqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, prandaj nj\u00eb vozit\u00ebs i pap\u00ebrvoj\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtohet. Detyra e prindit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet trajner i f\u00ebmij\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, p\u00ebr t'i lejuar m\u00eb pas t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb pa frik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e tij. <\/p>\n

Disa prind\u00ebr e konsiderojn\u00eb veten m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjuar se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, disa jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb \u00e7do k\u00ebshill\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar n\u00eb internet ose nga fqinja, nd\u00ebrsa disa thjesht nuk u intereson p\u00ebr detajet e edukimit. Njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, por ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme komunikimi midis departamenteve t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut, po ashtu n\u00eb edukim, komunikimi midis prind\u00ebrve dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebve e luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kureshtar dhe t\u00eb keni nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, shok\u00eb! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Pak reklam\u00eb \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar njohurive tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, nj\u00eb analog unik i server\u00ebve entry-level, i nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 Nuclea) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps nga $19 ose si ta ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd dyfish m\u00eb i lir\u00eb n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Equinix Tier IV n\u00eb Amsterdam?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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