{"id":55012,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/yunosheskij-maksimalizm-i-duh-protivorechiya-u-podrostkov-s-tochki-zreniya-nejrologii","title":{"rendered":"Maximalizmi rinor dhe fryma e kontradikt\u00ebs tek adoleshent\u00ebt nga pik\u00ebpamja e neurologjis\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Maximalizmi
\n
\nNj\u00eb nga \u201cfenomenet\u201d m\u00eb misterioze dhe ende jo plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb shpjeguara \u00ebsht\u00eb truri i njeriut. Rreth k\u00ebtij organi tejet kompleks qarkullojn\u00eb shum\u00eb pyetje: pse shohim \u00ebndrra, si ndikojn\u00eb emocionet n\u00eb marrjen e vendimeve, cilat qeliza nervore jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr perceptimin e drit\u00ebs dhe z\u00ebrit, pse disa p\u00eblqejn\u00eb shpretkat, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb adhurojn\u00eb ullinjt\u00eb? T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto pyetje lidhen me trurin, sepse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb procesori qendror i organizmit t\u00eb njeriut. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt i kushtuan v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre dalloheshin nga turma, nga gjenit\u00eb autodidakt\u00eb deri te psikopat\u00ebt llogarit\u00ebs. Por ekziston edhe nj\u00eb kategori njer\u00ebzish, sjellja e pazakont\u00eb e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve lidhet me mosh\u00ebn e tyre \u2014 adoleshent\u00ebt. Shum\u00eb adoleshent\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtimi, shpirt aventuresk dhe nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrmbajtshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar telashe. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga Universiteti i Pensilvanis\u00eb vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb me holl\u00ebsi trurin misterioz t\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebve dhe proceset q\u00eb zhvillohen n\u00eb t\u00eb. Se \u00e7far\u00eb arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb, do ta m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga raporti i tyre. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Baza e k\u00ebrkimit<\/h3>\n

\n\u00c7do pajisje n\u00eb teknik\u00eb dhe \u00e7do organ n\u00eb organiz\u00ebm ka arkitektur\u00ebn e vet, e cila i lejon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb me efikasitet. Korteksi cerebral i njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb i organizuar sipas nj\u00eb hierarkie funksionale, duke filluar nga korteksi sensor<\/i>* dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar te korteksi transmodal asosciativ*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Korteksi sensor i trurit* \u2014 pjesa e korteksit cerebral q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr mbledhjen dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga organet e shqisave (syt\u00eb, gjuha, hunda, vesh\u00ebt, l\u00ebkura dhe aparati vestibular).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Korteksi asosciativ* \u2014 pjesa e korteksit parietal t\u00eb trurit q\u00eb merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb realizimin e l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb planifikuara. Kur p\u00ebrgatitemi t\u00eb kryejm\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje, truri yn\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb se ku ndodhet n\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7ast trupi dhe pjes\u00ebt e tij q\u00eb do t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin, si edhe ku ndodhen objektet e mjedisit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm me t\u00eb cilat planifikohet nd\u00ebrveprimi. P\u00ebr shembull, ju doni t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb filxhan n\u00eb dor\u00eb, dhe truri juaj tashm\u00eb e di se ku ndodhet dora dhe vet\u00eb filxhani. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nj\u00eb hierarki e till\u00eb funksionale p\u00ebrcaktohet nga anatomia e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb*<\/i>, t\u00eb cilat koordinojn\u00eb aktivitetin nervor t\u00eb sinkronizuar dhe kognicionin*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Substanca e bardh\u00eb*<\/b> \u2014 n\u00ebse l\u00ebnda gri p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga neurone, at\u00ebher\u00eb l\u00ebnda e bardh\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga aksone t\u00eb mbuluara me mielin\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat impulset transmetohen nga trupi i qeliz\u00ebs te qelizat dhe organet e tjera.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kognicioni*<\/b> (njohja) \u2014 t\u00ebr\u00ebsia e proceseve q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimin e njohurive t\u00eb reja rreth bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrreth. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Evolucioni i korteksit cerebral te primat\u00ebt dhe zhvillimi i trurit t\u00eb njeriut karakterizohen nga zgjerimi i q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm dhe rimodelimi i zonave asociative transmodale, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb baz\u00ebn e proceseve t\u00eb paraqitjes shqisore t\u00eb informacionit dhe t\u00eb rregullave abstrakte p\u00ebr arritjen e q\u00ebllimit.<\/p>\n

Procesi i zhvillimit t\u00eb trurit k\u00ebrkon mjaft koh\u00eb, gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ndodhin shum\u00eb procese t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosjes s\u00eb trurit si sistem: mielinizimi*<\/i>, pruning sinaptik*<\/i> etj.<\/p>\n

Mielinizimi*<\/b> \u2014 oligodendrocitet (nj\u00eb lloj qelizash ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb sistemit nervor) mb\u00ebshtjellin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb aksonit, si rezultat i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs nj\u00eb oligodendrocit lidhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb me disa neurone. Sa m\u00eb aktiv t\u00eb jet\u00eb aksoni, aq m\u00eb i fort\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mielinizimi i tij, pasi kjo rrit efikasitetin e tij.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pruning sinaptik*<\/b> \u2014 zvog\u00eblimi i numrit t\u00eb sinapseve\/neuroneve p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur efikasitetin e funksionimit t\u00eb neuro-sistemit, pra eliminimi i lidhjeve t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatimi i parimit \u00abjo sasia, por cil\u00ebsia\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb formimit t\u00eb trurit, krijohet specializimi funksional n\u00eb korteksin asociativ transmodal, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb zhvillimin e funksioneve ekzekutive t\u00eb rendit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, t\u00eb tilla si kujtesa e pun\u00ebs*<\/i>, fleksibiliteti kognitiv*<\/i> dhe kontrolli inhibitor*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Kujtesa e pun\u00ebs*<\/b> \u2014 sistemi kognitiv i ruajtjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme t\u00eb informacionit. Ky lloj kujtese aktivizohet gjat\u00eb proceseve aktuale t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit dhe merr pjes\u00eb n\u00eb marrjen e vendimeve dhe n\u00eb formimin e p\u00ebrgjigjeve sjellore.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fleksibiliteti kognitiv*<\/b> \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga nj\u00eb mendim te tjetri dhe\/ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar disa gj\u00ebra nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kontrolli inhibitor*<\/b> (reagimi frenues) \u2014 funksion ekzekutiv q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njeriut p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar reagimet e tij impulsive t\u00eb sjelljes (natyrale, t\u00eb zakonshme ose dominante) ndaj stimujve, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme ndaj nj\u00eb situate konkrete (stimul i jasht\u00ebm).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Studimi i lidhjeve strukturo-funksionale t\u00eb trurit ka nisur prej koh\u00ebsh. Me shfaqjen e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb rrjeteve, u b\u00eb e mundur vizualizimi i lidhjeve strukturo-funksionale n\u00eb sistemet neurobiologjike dhe ndarja e tyre n\u00eb kategori. N\u00eb thelb, lidhja strukturo-funksionale p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson shkall\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shp\u00ebrndarja e lidhjeve anatomike n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb trurit mb\u00ebshtet aktivitetin neuronal t\u00eb sinkronizuar.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb konstatuar nj\u00eb lidhje e fort\u00eb midis treguesve t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb strukturore dhe funksionale n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme hap\u00ebsinore-kohore. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, metodat m\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore t\u00eb studimit kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur kategorizimin e zonave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trurit sipas ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb tyre funksionale, t\u00eb lidhura me mosh\u00ebn dhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e secil\u00ebs zon\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 theksojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, aktualisht pothuajse nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se si ndryshimet n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn e substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb trurit njer\u00ebzor mb\u00ebshtesin luhatjet e koordinuara t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronal.<\/p>\n

Lidhja strukturo-funksionale \u00ebsht\u00eb baza e komunikimit funksional dhe ndodh kur profili i lidhjeve nd\u00ebrrajonale t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon kortikal parashikon forc\u00ebn e lidhjes funksionale nd\u00ebrrajonale. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se aktiviteti i substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb do t\u00eb pasqyrohet n\u00eb aktivizimin e funksioneve ekzekutive t\u00eb trurit, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur vler\u00ebsimin e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes strukturo-funksionale.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar lidhjen strukturo-funksionale, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt paraqit\u00ebn tre hipoteza, t\u00eb cilat u testuan gjat\u00eb studimit.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e par\u00eb pohon se lidhja strukturo-funksionale do t\u00eb pasqyroj\u00eb specializimin funksional t\u00eb zon\u00ebs kortikale. Pra, lidhja strukturo-funksionale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e fort\u00eb n\u00eb korteksin somatosensor, fal\u00eb proceseve q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb zhvillimin e hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb hierarkive t\u00eb specializuara shqisore. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, lidhja strukturo-funksionale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e ul\u00ebt n\u00eb korteksin asociativ transmodal, ku komunikimi funksional mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i kufizuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve gjenetike dhe anatomike si pasoj\u00eb e zgjerimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb evolucionar.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e dyt\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb mielinizimin afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb varur nga aktiviteti gjat\u00eb zhvillimit dhe pohon se zhvillimi i lidhjeve strukturo-funksionale do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb korteksin asociativ transmodal.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza e tret\u00eb: lidhja strukturo-funksionale pasqyron specializimin funksional t\u00eb nj\u00eb zone kortikale. Prandaj, mund t\u00eb supozohet se nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb e fort\u00eb strukturo-funksionale n\u00eb korteksin asociativ fronto-parietal do t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb llogaritjet e specializuara t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr realizimin e funksioneve ekzekutive.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e studimit<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb karakterizuar zhvillimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit strukturo-funksional te adoleshent\u00ebt, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kryen nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim sasior t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn lidhjet strukturore t\u00eb rajoneve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trurit mb\u00ebshtesin luhatjet e koordinuara t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronal.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna multimodale t\u00eb neuroimazheris\u00eb nga 727 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 8 deri n\u00eb 23 vje\u00e7, u krye traktografia probabilistike e difuzionit dhe vler\u00ebsimi i lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb funksionale midis \u00e7do \u00e7ifti rajonesh kortikale gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb detyr\u00ebs n-back*<\/i>, e lidhur me aktivitetin e memories s\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Detyra n-back*<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb p\u00ebr stimulimin e aktivitetit t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb trurit dhe p\u00ebr testimin e memories s\u00eb pun\u00ebs. T\u00eb testuarit i paraqitet nj\u00eb seri stimulesh (vizuale, zanore etj.). Ai ose ajo duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb stimul i caktuar \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur n pozicione m\u00eb par\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull: T L H C H S C C Q L C K L H C Q T R H K C H R (detyra 3-back, ku nj\u00eb shkronj\u00eb e caktuar ishte shfaqur 3 pozicione m\u00eb her\u00ebt).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lidhshm\u00ebria funksionale n\u00eb gjendje pushimi pasqyron luhatjet spontane t\u00eb aktivitetit neuronal. Nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb detyre t\u00eb memories s\u00eb pun\u00ebs, lidhshm\u00ebria funksionale mund t\u00eb forcoj\u00eb lidhje nervore ose popullata t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb funksionet ekzekutive.<\/p>\n

\"Maximalizmi
\nFigura nr. 1: matja e lidhjes strukturo-funksionale t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nyjet n\u00eb rrjetet strukturore dhe funksionale t\u00eb trurit u p\u00ebrcaktuan duke p\u00ebrdorur parcelimin kortikal me 400 zona (ndarje n\u00eb zona), t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb homogjenitetin funksional t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb MRI-s\u00eb s\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb studim. P\u00ebr secilin pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs, profilet rajonale t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb u nxor\u00ebn nga \u00e7do rresht i matric\u00ebs strukturore ose funksionale t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe u paraqit\u00ebn si vektor\u00eb t\u00eb forc\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes nga nj\u00eb nyje e rrjetit nervor drejt t\u00eb gjitha nyjeve t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt verifikuan n\u00ebse shp\u00ebrndarja hap\u00ebsinore e lidhjeve strukturore-funksionale p\u00ebrputhej me vetit\u00eb themelore t\u00eb organizimit kortikal.<\/p>\n

\"Maximalizmi
\nImazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Vlen t\u00eb theksohet se lidhja midis profileve rajonale t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb strukturore dhe funksionale ndryshonte ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb korteksin (2A<\/b>). Nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb e fort\u00eb u vu re n\u00eb korteksin sensor primar dhe n\u00eb korteksin prefrontal medial. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb zonat laterale, temporale dhe fronto-parietale, kjo lidhje ishte mjaft e dob\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes midis nd\u00ebrveprimit strukturor-funksional dhe specializimit funksional, u llogarit koeficienti i \u201cpjes\u00ebmarrjes\u201d, i cili paraqet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim grafik t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit sasior t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb midis zonave funksionalisht t\u00eb specializuara t\u00eb trurit. Secila zon\u00eb e trurit u caktua n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shtat\u00eb rrjetet klasike funksionale nervore. Nyjet nervore t\u00eb trurit me koeficient t\u00eb lart\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjeje shfaqin lidhje t\u00eb ndryshme nd\u00ebrmodulare (lidhje midis zonave t\u00eb trurit) dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb proceset e transmetimit t\u00eb informacionit midis zonave, si edhe n\u00eb dinamik\u00ebn e tyre. Nd\u00ebrsa nyjet me koeficient t\u00eb ul\u00ebt pjes\u00ebmarrjeje shfaqin lidhje m\u00eb lokale brenda vet\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit, dhe jo midis disa zonave. E th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb thjesht, n\u00ebse koeficienti \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, zona t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trurit nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn; n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i ul\u00ebt, aktiviteti zhvillohet brenda zon\u00ebs pa lidhje me zonat fqinje (2C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas u vler\u00ebsua marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia midis variacionit t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb struktur\u00eb-funksion dhe hierarkis\u00eb funksionale n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Lidhja struktur\u00eb-funksion p\u00ebrputhet n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me gradientin kryesor t\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb funksionale: rajonet sensore unimodale shfaqin nj\u00eb lidhje struktur\u00eb-funksion relativisht t\u00eb fort\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa rajonet transmodale n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb hierarkis\u00eb funksionale tregojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt (2D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu u konstatua nj\u00eb korrelacion i fort\u00eb midis lidhjes struktur\u00eb-funksion dhe zgjerimit evolucionar t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb korteksit (2E<\/b>). Rajonet sensore shum\u00eb t\u00eb konservuara kishin nj\u00eb lidhje struktur\u00eb-funksion relativisht t\u00eb fort\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa rajonet transmodale t\u00eb zgjeruara ndjesh\u00ebm kishin nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt. K\u00ebto v\u00ebzhgime e mb\u00ebshtesin plot\u00ebsisht hipotez\u00ebn se lidhja struktur\u00eb-funksion pasqyron hierarkin\u00eb kortikale t\u00eb specializimit funksional dhe zgjerimit evolucionar.<\/p>\n

\"Maximalizmi
\nImazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt rikujtojn\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb se studimet e m\u00ebparshme jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb analizimin e lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb struktur\u00eb-funksion n\u00eb trurin e njeriut t\u00eb rritur. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb punim, theksi u vendos te studimi i trurit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende n\u00eb zhvillim, pra te truri i adoleshent\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

U zbulua se n\u00eb trurin e adoleshent\u00ebve dallimet e lidhura me mosh\u00ebn n\u00eb lidhjet struktur\u00eb-funksion ishin t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb korteksin temporal lateral, parietal inferior dhe prefrontal (3A<\/b>). Rritja e lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb ishte e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joproporcionale n\u00ebp\u00ebr rajonet e korteksit, pra ishte e pranishme n\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebngrup unik rajonesh funksionalisht t\u00eb diferencuara t\u00eb korteksit (3B<\/b>), gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk u vu re n\u00eb trurin e njeriut t\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n

Shkalla e dallimeve sipas mosh\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhjet struktur\u00eb-funksion kishte nj\u00eb korrelacion t\u00eb fort\u00eb me koeficientin e pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale (3C<\/b>) dhe gradientin funksional (3D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrndarja hap\u00ebsinore e dallimeve t\u00eb lidhura me mosh\u00ebn n\u00eb lidhjet strukturore-funksionale gjithashtu p\u00ebrputhej me zgjerimin evolucionar t\u00eb korteksit. Rritja e lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me mosh\u00ebn u vu re n\u00eb korteksin asociativ t\u00eb zgjeruar t\u00eb trurit, nd\u00ebrsa ulja e lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me mosh\u00ebn u vu re n\u00eb korteksin sensomotor shum\u00eb t\u00eb konservuar (3E<\/b>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn e radh\u00ebs t\u00eb studimit, 294 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs iu n\u00ebnshtruan s\u00ebrish ekzaminimit t\u00eb trurit 1.7 vjet pas t\u00eb parit. Kjo b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur p\u00ebrcaktimin e lidhjes midis ndryshimeve t\u00eb lidhura me mosh\u00ebn n\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb strukturore-funksionale dhe ndryshimeve zhvillimore brenda individit. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim, u vler\u00ebsuan ndryshimet gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb strukturore-funksionale.<\/p>\n

\"Maximalizmi
\nImazhi Nr. 4<\/i><\/p>\n

U identifikua nj\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme midis ndryshimeve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn t\u00ebrthore dhe atyre gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb lidhjen strukturore-funksionale (4A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar lidhjen midis ndryshimeve gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb strukturore-funksionale (4B<\/b>) dhe ndryshimeve gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb koeficientin e pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale (4\u0421<\/b>) u p\u00ebrdor regresioni linear. U zbulua se ndryshimet gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebri p\u00ebrputheshin me ndryshimet gjat\u00ebsore n\u00eb koeficientin e pjes\u00ebmarrjes funksionale n\u00eb zona asociative t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb rendit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb korteksin prefrontal dorsal dhe medial, korteksin parietal inferior dhe korteksin lateral temporal (4D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\"Maximalizmi
\nImazhi Nr. 5<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, studiuesit u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb kuptonin pasojat e dallimeve individuale n\u00eb lidhjet strukturore-funksionale p\u00ebr sjelljen. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, n\u00ebse lidhshm\u00ebria strukturore-funksionale gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb detyre t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shpjegonte performanc\u00ebn ekzekutive. U zbulua se p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i funksionimit ekzekutiv lidhej me lidhshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb strukturore-funksionale n\u00eb korteksin prefrontal rostrolateral, girusin cingular posterior dhe korteksin okcipital medial (5A<\/b>).<\/p>\n

T\u00ebr\u00ebsia e v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u00e7on n\u00eb disa p\u00ebrfundime kryesore. S\u00eb pari, ndryshimet rajonale n\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb strukturore-funksionale jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebtim t\u00eb zhdrejt\u00eb me kompleksitetin e funksionit p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrgjigjet nj\u00eb zon\u00eb e caktuar e trurit. Nj\u00eb lidhje strukturore-funksionale m\u00eb e fort\u00eb u zbulua n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e trurit t\u00eb specializuara p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb shqisor (p\u00ebr shembull, sinjalet vizuale). Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb zonat e trurit t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb procese m\u00eb komplekse (funksioni ekzekutiv dhe kontrolli inhibitor), lidhshm\u00ebria strukturore-funksionale ishte m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Gjithashtu u p\u00ebrcaktua se lidhshm\u00ebria strukturore-funksionale p\u00ebrputhet me zgjerimin evolutiv t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur te primat\u00ebt. M\u00eb her\u00ebt jan\u00eb kryer tashm\u00eb studime krahasuese t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut, primat\u00ebve dhe majmun\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat treguan se zonat shqisore (p\u00ebr shembull, sistemi vizual) jan\u00eb shum\u00eb konservative midis llojeve t\u00eb primat\u00ebve dhe nuk jan\u00eb zgjeruar ndjesh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb evolucionit t\u00eb fundit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, zonat asociative t\u00eb trurit (p\u00ebr shembull, korteksi prefrontal) kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb zgjerim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm. Ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ky zgjerim t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikuar drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb shfaqjen e aft\u00ebsive komplekse njoh\u00ebse te njeriu. U zbulua se zonat e trurit q\u00eb u zgjeruan shpejt gjat\u00eb evolucionit kishin nj\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebri strukturore-funksionale m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa zonat e thjeshta shqisore kishin nj\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe adoleshent\u00ebt, lidhja strukturore-funksionale rritet mjaft aktivisht n\u00eb zonat ballore t\u00eb trurit, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr funksionin e frenimit (dometh\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebkontrollin). K\u00ebshtu, zhvillimi i zgjatur i lidhshm\u00ebris\u00eb strukturore-funksionale n\u00eb k\u00ebto zona mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb funksionin ekzekutiv dhe vet\u00ebkontrollin, zhvillimi i t\u00eb cilit vazhdon edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb rritur. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohuri m\u00eb t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme mbi nuancat e studimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nTruri i njeriut ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb mbetet edhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb nj\u00eb nga misteret m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm jasht\u00ebzakonisht kompleks, q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kryej\u00eb shum\u00eb funksione, t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb procesesh dhe t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha informacioni. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb prind\u00ebr, nuk ka asgj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pakuptueshme se truri i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre adoleshent\u00eb. Sjellja e tyre ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb quhet logjike ose konstruktive, por kjo shpjegohet me procesin e zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre biologjik dhe formimit shoq\u00ebror. <\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ndryshimet n\u00eb lidhjet strukturore dhe funksionale t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb trurit, si edhe ndikimi i ndryshimeve hormonale, mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si shpjegim shkencor p\u00ebr sjelljen e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve, por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr udh\u00ebzim. Njeriu nga natyra nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qenie asosiale. N\u00ebse dikush shmang t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, kjo sigurisht nuk ndodh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb prirjeje biologjike t\u00eb jona. Prandaj, p\u00ebrfshirja aktive e prind\u00ebrve n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt jasht\u00ebzakonisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre. <\/p>\n

Duhet kuptuar gjithashtu se edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn trevje\u00e7are f\u00ebmija \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb personalitet m\u00eb vete, me karakterin e tij, d\u00ebshirat e tij dhe k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimin e tij p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth. Prindi nuk duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i paduksh\u00ebm p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebn e vet, duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb, por as nuk duhet t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mur t\u00eb pakaluesh\u00ebm q\u00eb e pengon t\u00eb njoh\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Diku duhet ta shtyj\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, diku ta ndal\u00eb, diku t\u2019i jap\u00eb liri t\u00eb plot\u00eb, e diku tjet\u00ebr, duke treguar autoritet prind\u00ebror, t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cjo\u201d t\u00eb prer\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse f\u00ebmija nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i k\u00ebnaqur me k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb jesh prind \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb jesh prind i mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Por as t\u00eb jesh adoleshent nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e leht\u00eb. Trupi ndryshon nga pamja e jashtme, ndryshon truri, ndryshon rrethi shoq\u00ebror (dje ishte shkolla, sot \u00ebsht\u00eb universiteti), ndryshon ritmi i jet\u00ebs. N\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, jeta shpesh i ngjan Formula 1, ku nuk ka vend p\u00ebr ngadal\u00ebsi. Por shpejt\u00ebsia e madhe shoq\u00ebrohet edhe me rrezik t\u00eb madh, ndaj nj\u00eb pilot pa p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebsoj\u00eb. Detyra e prindit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet trajneri i f\u00ebmij\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas ta l\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb i qet\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb, pa u frik\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e tij. <\/p>\n

Disa prind\u00ebr e konsiderojn\u00eb veten m\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ur se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, disa jan\u00eb gati t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb \u00e7do k\u00ebshill\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb n\u00eb internet ose nga fqinja, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha holl\u00ebsit\u00eb e edukimit thjesht u duken \u00abpa r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi\u00bb. Njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, por ashtu si te truri i njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm komunikimi mes pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, edhe n\u00eb edukim nj\u00eb nga rolet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e luan komunikimi mes prind\u00ebrve dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. <\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kureshtar dhe u d\u00ebshiroj nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, djem! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Pak reklam\u00eb \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nFaleminderit q\u00eb po q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqen artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke rekomanduar tek miqt\u00eb tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, nj\u00eb analog unik i server\u00ebve entry-level q\u00eb e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr Ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb lidhje me VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps nga $19 ose si ta ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd dyfish m\u00eb i lir\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Equinix Tier IV n\u00eb Amsterdam?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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