{"id":55092,"date":"2020-01-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/dostupna-kriptograficheskaya-hesh-funktsiya-blake3-kotoraya-v-10-raz-bystree-sha-2"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:10","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:10","slug":"dostupna-kriptograficheskaya-hesh-funktsiya-blake3-kotoraya-v-10-raz-bystree-sha-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/dostupna-kriptograficheskaya-hesh-funktsiya-blake3-kotoraya-v-10-raz-bystree-sha-2","title":{"rendered":"Funksioni i kriptografik i hasheve BLAKE3 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion, 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb se SHA-2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrfundimi i realizimit final t\u00eb algoritmit \u00ebsht\u00eb publik BLAKE3<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili ofron nj\u00eb funksion hash kriptografik t\u00eb dizajnuar p\u00ebr aplikime t\u00eb tilla si verifikimi i integritetit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, autentikimi i mesazheve dhe krijimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr n\u00ebnshkrime digjitale. BLAKE3 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar p\u00ebr hashimin e fjal\u00ebkalimeve (p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebkalime duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren yescrypt, bcrypt, scrypt ose Argon2), pasi fokusohet n\u00eb llogaritjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb hash-eve me garancin\u00eb e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb kolizionit, mbrojtje nga gjetja e preimage<\/a><\/noindex> dhe jo ndjeshm\u00ebri ndaj madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb heshtohen. Implementimi referues i BLAKE3 publikuar<\/a><\/noindex> me n\u00ebn licenc\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb \u2014 pron\u00eb publike (CC0) dhe Apache 2.0.<\/p>\n

Diferi kryesor i funksionit t\u00eb ri hash \u00ebsht\u00eb performanca shum\u00eb e lart\u00eb e llogaritjes s\u00eb hash-it, duke ruajtur besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e SHA-3. P\u00ebr default, madh\u00ebsia e hash-it rezultues n\u00eb BLAKE3 \u00ebsht\u00eb 32 byte (256 bit), por mund t\u00eb zgjatet n\u00eb vlera t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme. N\u00eb testin e gjenerimit t\u00eb hash-it p\u00ebr nj\u00eb skedar prej 16 KB, BLAKE3 tejkalon SHA3-256 me 15 her\u00eb, SHA-256 me 12 her\u00eb, SHA-512 me 8 her\u00eb, SHA-1 me 6 her\u00eb, dhe BLAKE2b me 4 her\u00eb. Nj\u00eb diferenc\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ruhet edhe gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb sasis\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebr shembull, BLAKE3 rezultoi m\u00eb shpejt<\/a><\/noindex> SHA-256 me 8 her\u00eb gjat\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb hash-it p\u00ebr 1GB t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

\"Funksioni<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Algoritmi \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga specialist\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb kriptografis\u00eb (Jack O'Connor<\/a><\/noindex>, Jean-Philippe Aumasson<\/a><\/noindex>, Samuel Neves<\/a><\/noindex>, Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn<\/a><\/noindex>) dhe vazhdon zhvillimin e algoritmit BLAKE2<\/a><\/noindex> dhe p\u00ebrdor mekanizmin Bao<\/a><\/noindex>p\u00ebr kodimin e pem\u00ebs s\u00eb zinxhir\u00ebve t\u00eb bllokave. N\u00eb krahasim me BLAKE2 (BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s), BLAKE3 ofron nj\u00eb algorit\u00ebm t\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha platformate, pa u lidhur me 64-bit apo 32-bit. <\/p>\n

Rritja e performanc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur duke reduktuar numrin e raundeve nga 10 n\u00eb 7 dhe duke b\u00ebr\u00eb hashimin e blloqeve n\u00eb copa prej 1 KB. Sipas krijuesve, ata gjet\u00ebn nj\u00eb prova bind\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar se mund t\u00eb kalohen 7 raunde n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 10 duke ruajtur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel besueshm\u00ebrie (p\u00ebr ilustrim mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret shembulli i p\u00ebrzierjes s\u00eb frutave n\u00eb nj\u00eb blender - pas 7 sekondash, frutat jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera dhe 3 sekonda t\u00eb tjera nuk do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb kohezionin e p\u00ebrzierjes). Megjithat\u00eb, disa studiues shprehin dyshime, duke besuar se edhe n\u00ebse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment 7 raunde jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me t\u00eb gjitha sulmet e njohura ndaj hash-eve, raunde t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme n\u00eb rast se zbulohet ndonj\u00eb sulm i ri n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me 7 runde n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 10 duke ruajtur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel besueshm\u00ebrie (p\u00ebr ilustruar, mund t\u00eb merret si shembuj me p\u00ebrzierjen e frutave n\u00eb nj\u00eb mikser \u2014 pas 7 sekondash frutat jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera dhe 3 sekonda shtes\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e p\u00ebrzierjes). Megjithat\u00eb, disa hulumtues shprehin dyshime, duke besuar se edhe n\u00ebse aktualisht 7 runde jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar t\u00eb gjitha sulmet e njohura ndaj hash-eve, 3 runde shtes\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme n\u00eb rast se zbulohen sulme t\u00eb reja n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. <\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket ndarjes n\u00eb blloqe, n\u00eb BLAKE3, rrjedha ndahet n\u00eb cop\u00ebza prej 1 KB dhe \u00e7do cop\u00ebza hash-it b\u00ebhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur. Bazuar n\u00eb hash-et e cop\u00ebve mbi baz\u00ebn e pem\u00ebs Merkle<\/a><\/noindex> formohet nj\u00eb hash i madh. Ky ndarje lejon t\u00eb zgjidhet problemi i paralelizmit t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave gjat\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb hash-it \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren instrukcione SIMD 4-tok\u00ebshe p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht hash-et p\u00ebr 4 blloqe. Funksionet tradicionale hash SHA-* p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat radhazi. <\/p>\n

Karakteristikat e BLAKE3:<\/p>\n