{"id":55195,"date":"2020-01-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:17","slug":"velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/velikaya-teoriya-snezhinok","title":{"rendered":"Teoria e madhe e flok\u00ebve t\u00eb bor\u00ebs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Teoria
\nDjelet e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb Rusis\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dim\u00ebr jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb pakta. Disa vende ka pasur, sigurisht, por n\u00eb muajin janar pritej ndonj\u00eb mot m\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb dhe me m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00eb. Gri t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme dhe llum i pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm pengojn\u00eb ndjenj\u00ebn e g\u00ebzimit nga arg\u00ebtimet tradicionale dim\u00ebrore. Prandaj, Cloud4Y ofron t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb pak d\u00ebbor\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb, duke folur p\u00ebr... d\u00ebborat.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Mendohet se d\u00ebborat jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb dy llojeve. Dhe nj\u00eb nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, t\u00eb cilin ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb e quajn\u00eb \"babai\" i fizik\u00ebs s\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs, ka nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb re q\u00eb shpjegon shkakun e k\u00ebsaj. Kenneth Libbrecht<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri i mrekulluesh\u00ebm, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb l\u00ebr\u00eb pas nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kalifornis\u00eb Jugore n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dimrit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb Fairbanks (Alaska), t\u00eb vesh\u00eb nj\u00eb xhaket\u00eb t\u00eb ngroht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ulet n\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb ngrir\u00eb me nj\u00eb kamera dhe nj\u00eb cop\u00eb polistireni n\u00eb duar.<\/p>\n

Pse? Ai k\u00ebrkon d\u00ebborat m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritshme, m\u00eb t\u00eb strukturuara, m\u00eb t\u00eb bukura q\u00eb natyra mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb. Sipas tij, mostrat m\u00eb interesante priren t\u00eb formohen n\u00eb vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb ftohta \u2014 n\u00eb Fairbanks e famshme dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb New York-ut t\u00eb mbuluar me d\u00ebbor\u00eb. D\u00ebbora m\u00eb e mir\u00eb q\u00eb Kenneth ka par\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ka r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb Cochrane, nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb veriper\u00ebndim t\u00eb Ontario, ku nj\u00eb er\u00eb e dob\u00ebt rrethonte d\u00ebborat q\u00eb binin nga qielli.<\/p>\n

I magjepsur nga fenomeni, Libbrecht me p\u00ebrkushtim t\u00eb arkeologut studion tablon e tij t\u00eb polistirenit. N\u00ebse aty ka ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb interesante, v\u00ebshtrimi patjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet mbi t\u00eb. N\u00ebse jo \u2014 d\u00ebbora fshihet nga tabla, dhe gjith\u00e7ka fillon s\u00ebrish. Dhe kjo vazhdon p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra.<\/p>\n

Libbrecht \u00ebsht\u00eb fizikant. Nga nj\u00eb rast i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, laboratorit t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Institutin Teknologjik t\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb i kushtohet studimeve t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb Diellit dhe madje ka zhvilluar pajisje moderne p\u00ebr zb \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043c gravitacionale. Por p\u00ebr 20 vitet e fundit, pasioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i Libbrechtit ka qen\u00eb d\u00ebbora \u2014 jo vet\u00ebm pamja e saj, por edhe ajo q\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb t\u00eb duket ashtu. \"Pyetja se cilat objekte bien nga qielli, si ndodhin gj\u00ebrat dhe pse duken ashtu, m\u00eb shqet\u00ebson vazhdimisht,\" pranon Kenneth.<\/p>\n

\"Teoria
\n
\nP\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, fizikant\u00ebt mjaftoheshin me njohurin\u00eb se midis shum\u00eb kristaleve t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb bor\u00ebs, dy lloje mbizot\u00ebruese mund t\u00eb identifikoheshin. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb yll i shesht\u00eb me gjasht\u00eb ose dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb deg\u00eb, secila e zbukuruar me lule t\u00eb mrekullueshme. Tjetra \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj kolone miniatur\u00eb, her\u00eb-her\u00eb e shtypur nd\u00ebrmjet \"kapak\u00ebve\" t\u00eb shesht\u00eb, dhe her\u00eb-her\u00eb duket si nj\u00eb boltc zakonisht. K\u00ebto forma mund t\u00eb shihen n\u00eb temperatura dhe lag\u00ebshti t\u00eb ndryshme, por arsyetimi q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb formimin e nj\u00ebrit apo tjetrit ishte nj\u00eb mister. Vitet e v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb Libbrecht kan\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb kuptimin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb kristalizimit t\u00eb breshrit.<\/p>\n

Puna e Libbrecht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb ka ndihmuar n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb modeli t\u00eb ri q\u00eb shpjegon pse breshri dhe kristalet e tjera t\u00eb bor\u00ebs formojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb jemi m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb shohim. Sipas teoris\u00eb s\u00eb tij, e cila u publikua <\/a><\/noindex>n\u00eb internet n\u00eb tetor 2019, p\u00ebrshkruan l\u00ebvizjen e molekulave t\u00eb ujit af\u00ebr pik\u00ebs s\u00eb ngrirjes (kristalizimit) dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn si l\u00ebvizjet specifike t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre molekulave mund t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb grup kristalesh q\u00eb formohen n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb monografin\u00eb e tij me v\u00ebllim 540 faqe, Libbrecht p\u00ebrshkruan t\u00eb gjitha njohurit\u00eb mbi kristalet e bor\u00ebs. <\/a><\/noindex>Yjet me gjasht\u00eb k\u00ebnd\u00eb<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, e dini se \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb shihni dy breshra t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e krijimit). Ky fakt lidhet me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si kristalet formohen n\u00eb qiell. Bora \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull i kristaleve akulli q\u00eb formohen n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb dhe ruajn\u00eb form\u00ebn e tyre kur bien s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb Tok\u00eb. Ato formohen kur atmosfera \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e ftoht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar bashkimin ose shkrihjen dhe kthimin n\u00eb bor\u00eb t\u00eb lagur ose shi.<\/h2>\n

\nMegjith\u00ebse brenda nj\u00eb reje mund t\u00eb kapen temperatura dhe nivele lag\u00ebshti t\u00eb shumta, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb bresh\u00eb k\u00ebto variabla do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pandryshuesh\u00ebm. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse bresh\u00ebri shpesh rritet simetrikisht. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7do bresh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ekspozuar ndaj er\u00ebs, drit\u00ebs s\u00eb diellit dhe faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00eb thelb, \u00e7do kristal i n\u00ebnshtrohet kaosit t\u00eb re, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye merr forma t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse brenda nj\u00eb re nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb t\u00eb regjistrohen shum\u00eb temperatura dhe nivele lag\u00ebshtie, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00eb k\u00ebto variabla do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse d\u00ebbora shpesh rritet simetrikisht. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7do d\u00ebbor\u00eb ndikohet nga era, drita e diellit dhe faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00eb thelb, \u00e7do kristal i n\u00ebnshtrohet kaosit t\u00eb reve dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye merr forma t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb Libbrechtit, mendime t\u00eb para mbi k\u00ebto forma delikate jan\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb vitin 135 para Krishtit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. \"Lul\u00ebzat e bim\u00ebve dhe drunjve zakonisht kan\u00eb pes\u00eb cepa, por lul\u00ebzat e bor\u00ebs gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb gjasht\u00eb cepa,\" shkruante shkenc\u00ebtari Han Yin. Nd\u00ebrsa shkenc\u00ebtari i par\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb kuptonte pse ndodhte kjo, ishte ndoshta Johannes Kepler, shkenc\u00ebtari dhe eruditi gjerman.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1611, Kepler i dha nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb p\u00ebr Vitin e Ri mbrojt\u00ebsit t\u00eb tij, perandorit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Shenjte Romake Rudolf II: nj\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl traktat <\/a><\/noindex>t\u00eb titulluar \"P\u00ebr gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebshat e bor\u00ebs.\" <\/p>\n

\"Po kaloj nj\u00eb ur\u00eb, duke u munduar nga turpi - te b\u00ebra q\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00eb pa dhurat\u00eb p\u00ebr Vitin e Ri! Dhe k\u00ebtu m\u00eb ofrohet nj\u00eb rast i volitsh\u00ebm! Avujt e ujit, duke u shkrir\u00eb nga freku i ftoht\u00eb n\u00eb bor\u00eb, bien si kristale n\u00eb rrobat e mia, t\u00eb gjitha, ashtu si nj\u00ebra, gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebshe, me rreze puplore. Betohem n\u00eb Heraklin, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, q\u00eb ka form\u00eb, e cila mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si dhurata e shum\u00ebpritur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dashamir\u00ebs t\u00eb Asgj\u00ebs dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e denj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb matematikan q\u00eb ka Asgj\u00ebn\u00eb dhe merr Asgj\u00eb, pasi bie nga qielli dhe mban n\u00eb vete ngjashm\u00ebrin\u00eb e nj\u00eb ylli gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebsh!\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb arsye pse bora ka form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb ylli gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebsh. Nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb rast\u00ebsi,\" ishte i sigurt Johannes Kepler. Ndoshta i erdhi n\u00eb mendje nj\u00eb let\u00ebr nga bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsi i tij Thomas Harriot, shkenc\u00ebtari dhe astronomi anglez, i cili gjithashtu kishte punuar si navigues p\u00ebr eksploruesin sir Walter Raleigh. Rreth vitit 1584, Harriot po k\u00ebrkonte m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur topat e artileris\u00eb n\u00eb dek\u00ebn e anijes s\u00eb Raleigh. Harriot zbuloi se modelet gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebnd\u00ebshe dukeshin si m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur sferat dhe ai e diskutoi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb korrespondenc\u00ebn me Keplerin. Kepli pyeshte veten n\u00ebse ndodhte di\u00e7ka e ngjashme n\u00eb kristalet e bor\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr cilin element krijoheshin dhe mbaheshin k\u00ebto gjasht\u00eb rreze. <\/p>\n

Format e bor\u00ebs<\/b>\"Teoria
\n
\n\"Teoria
\n
\n\"Teoria
\n
\nMund t\u00eb thuhet se kjo ishte nj\u00eb kuptim fillestar i parimeve t\u00eb fizik\u00ebs atomike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb flitej vet\u00ebm pas 300 vjet\u00ebsh. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, molekulat e ujit me dy atome hidrogjeni dhe nj\u00eb atom oksigjeni kan\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb bashkohen s\u00eb bashku, duke formuar grupe gjasht\u00ebk\u00ebndore. Kepler dhe bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsit e tij as q\u00eb e imagjinonin se sa e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ishte kjo.<\/p>\n

Si si thon\u00eb fizikant\u00ebt, fal\u00eb lidhjes hidrogjenore dhe nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb molekulave me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, ne mund t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgojm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn kristalore t\u00eb hapur. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 aft\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kultivuar flakesat e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs, struktura me gjasht\u00eb k\u00ebndesh e b\u00ebn akullin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me ujin, \u00e7ka ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb gjeokimik\u00ebn, gjeofizik\u00ebn dhe klim\u00ebn. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00ebse akulli nuk do t\u00eb fluturonte, jeta n\u00eb Tok\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e pamundur.<\/p>\n

Por pas traktatit t\u00eb Keplerit, v\u00ebzhgimi i flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb hobie se sa nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb e serioze. N\u00eb vitet 1880, nj\u00eb fotograf amerikan me emrin Wilson Bentley, q\u00eb jetonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb ngrir\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur Jericho (Vermont, SHBA), filloi t\u00eb b\u00ebnte fotografi t\u00eb flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs duke p\u00ebrdorur pllakat fotografike. Ai arriti t\u00eb krijonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5000 fotografi para se t\u00eb vdiste nga pneumonia.<\/p>\n

\"Teoria
\n
\nDisa m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet 1930, studiuesi japonez Ukichiro Nakaya filloi studimin sistematik t\u00eb tipeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kristaleve t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs. N\u00eb mes t\u00eb shekullit, Nakaya kultivonte flakesat e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs n\u00eb laborator, duke p\u00ebrdorur qime t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta lepurish t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb. Ai luante me cil\u00ebsimet e lag\u00ebshtis\u00eb dhe temperatur\u00ebs, duke kultivuar llojet kryesore t\u00eb kristaleve dhe mbledhur katalogun e tij origjinal t\u00eb formave t\u00eb mundshme. Nakaya zbuloi se flakesat e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs me form\u00eb ylli kan\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb formohen n\u00eb -2 \u00b0C dhe n\u00eb -15 \u00b0C. Kolonat formohen n\u00eb -5 \u00b0C dhe af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb -30 \u00b0C. <\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se n\u00eb temperatura rreth -2 \u00b0C shfaqen forma t\u00eb holla dhe pllakata t\u00eb flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs, n\u00eb -5 \u00b0C ato krijojn\u00eb kolona t\u00eb holla dhe inga, kur temperatura bie n\u00eb -15 \u00b0C, ato b\u00ebhen n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb pllaka t\u00eb holla, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb temperatura m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta se -30 \u00b0C ato kthehen n\u00eb kolona m\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Teoria
\n
\nN\u00eb kushte lag\u00ebshtie t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, flakesat e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs me form\u00eb ylli formojn\u00eb disa dega dhe duken si pllaka hekzakonale, por n\u00eb lag\u00ebshti m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara dhe me q\u00ebndisje.<\/p>\n

Sipas Libbrecht, arsyet p\u00ebr shfaqjen e formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qarta pik\u00ebrisht fal\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Nakaya. U p\u00ebrcaktua se kristalet e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb yje t\u00eb shesht\u00eb dhe pllaka (dhe jo struktura tre-dimensionale) kur skajet rriten shpejt jasht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa an\u00ebt rriten ngadal\u00eb lart. Kolonat e holla rriten ndryshe, me an\u00ebt q\u00eb rriten shpejt dhe skajet q\u00eb rriten m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, proceset kryesore q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb flakes\u00eb d\u00ebbore do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb yll apo nj\u00eb kolon\u00eb mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb paqart\u00eb. Ndoshta sekretet fshihen n\u00eb kushtet e temperatur\u00ebs. Dhe Libbrecht p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb gjej\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje.<\/p>\n

Receta e flakes\u00ebs s\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

\nBashk\u00eb me ekipin e tij t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb hulumtuesve, Libbrecht p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb recet\u00eb p\u00ebr flakes\u00ebn e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs. Pra, nj\u00eb set ekuacionesh dhe parametrash q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ngarkoheshin n\u00eb kompjuter dhe t\u00eb merrte nga AI nj\u00eb larmi t\u00eb mrekullueshme flakesash d\u00ebbore.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkimin e tij, Kenneth Libbrecht e nisi kan\u00eb nj\u00ebzet vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, kur zbuloi nj\u00eb form\u00eb ekzotike flakesash d\u00ebbore, t\u00eb quajtur kolona e mbyllur. Ajo ngjan si nj\u00eb bobin\u00eb p\u00ebr fije ose si dy t\u00eb hintit dhe nj\u00eb os\u00eb. I lindur n\u00eb veri t\u00eb vendit, ai u befasua nga fakti q\u00eb nuk kishte par\u00eb kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb flakes\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

I habitur nga format e pafund t\u00eb kristaleve t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs, ai u angazhua n\u00eb studimin<\/a><\/noindex> e natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, duke krijuar nj\u00eb laborator p\u00ebr rritjen e flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs. Rezultatet e v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb shumta ndihmuan n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb modeli q\u00eb autori e sheh si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrparim. Ai propozoi iden\u00eb e difuzionit molekular bazuar n\u00eb energjin\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. Kjo ide p\u00ebrshkruan se si rritja e kristalit t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs varet nga kushtet fillestare dhe nga sjella e molekulave q\u00eb e formojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Teoria
\n
\nImagjinoni se molekulat e ujit jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura lirisht, pasi avujt e ujit sapo fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb ngrijn\u00eb. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishit brenda nj\u00eb v\u00ebzhguesi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb shihnit k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, do t\u00eb shihnit se si molekulat e ujit t\u00eb ngrir\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb fort\u00eb, ku \u00e7do atom oksigjeni rrethohesh nga kat\u00ebr atome hidrogjeni. K\u00ebto kristale rriten duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb molekula uji nga ajri q\u00eb i rrethojn\u00eb n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e tyre. Ato mund t\u00eb rriten n\u00eb dy drejtimet kryesore: lart ose jasht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb kristal i holl\u00eb dhe i shesht\u00eb (i form\u00ebs pllak\u00eb ose yll) formohet kur skajet formohen m\u00eb shpejt sesa dy faqet e kristalit. Kristali n\u00eb rritje do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen jasht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kur faqet e tij rriten m\u00eb shpejt sesa skajet, kristali b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i lart\u00eb, duke formuar nj\u00eb pem\u00eb, nj\u00eb kolon\u00eb t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt ose nj\u00eb shuf\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Forma t\u00eb rralla t\u00eb flakesave t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs<\/b>\"Teoria
\n
\n\"Teoria
\n
\n\"Teoria
\n
\nNj\u00eb moment tjet\u00ebr. V\u00ebreni fotografin\u00eb e tret\u00eb, t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga Libbrecht n\u00eb Ontario Veriore. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kristal me \"kolona t\u00eb mbyllura\" - dy pllaka t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb fundet e nj\u00eb kristali t\u00eb trash\u00eb kolon\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00e7do pllak\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ift pllakat m\u00eb t\u00eb holla. Shihni me kujdes skajet, do t\u00eb shihni si pllak\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb dy. Gjithsej, gjat\u00ebsia e kolon\u00ebs akullore \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 1.5 mm.<\/p>\n

Sipas modelit t\u00eb Libbrecht, avulli i ujit fillimisht depozitohet n\u00eb qoshet e kristalit dhe pastaj p\u00ebrhapet (difundon) n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe deri n\u00eb skajet e kristalit ose n\u00eb faqet e tij, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb kristalin t\u00eb rritet jasht\u00eb ose lart. Cili nga k\u00ebto procese \"fiton\", varet kryesisht nga temperatura.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se modeli \u00ebsht\u00eb \"polieuropik\". Do thot\u00eb, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh, dhe jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar parimet e rritjes s\u00eb bor\u00ebs. Pabarazit\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrveprimet midis molekulave t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta jan\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse p\u00ebr t'u zbuluar plot\u00ebsisht. Megjithat\u00eb, mbetet shpresa q\u00eb idet\u00eb e Libbrecht do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nj\u00eb baz\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs t\u00eb dinamik\u00ebs s\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb akullit, i cili mund t\u00eb detajohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet matjeve dhe eksperimenteve m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuara.<\/p>\n

Nuk duhet t\u00eb mendohet se k\u00ebto v\u00ebzhgime jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesit vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh. Pyetje t\u00eb ngjashme lindin n\u00eb fizik\u00ebn e materialeve t\u00eb ngjeshura dhe n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb tjera. Molekulat e barnave, \u00e7ipat e polikondensator\u00ebve p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt, element\u00ebt diellor\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb industri t\u00eb tjera varen nga kristalet me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, dhe grupe t\u00eb t\u00ebra merren me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e rritjes s\u00eb tyre. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb borat e dashura t\u00eb Libbrecht mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr dobi t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb blog Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 Energjia diellore e kripur<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 P\u00ebntester\u00ebt n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb kibernetike<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Startupet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb befasojn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Internet mbi balonat ajrore<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 A nevojiten jastek\u00eb n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave?<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Abonohuni n\u00eb Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-kanali p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos humbur artikujt e ardhsh\u00ebm! Shkruajm\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Sidomos, n\u00ebse ende nuk e dini, startup-et mund t\u00eb marrin $10,000 nga Cloud4Y. Kushtet dhe formulari p\u00ebr t\u00eb interesuarit - n\u00eb faqen ton\u00eb: bit.ly\/2sj6dPK<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 Cloud4Y \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u2026 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 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