{"id":55209,"date":"2020-01-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:18","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:18","slug":"it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga","title":{"rendered":"Anasorti IT t\u00eb jahteve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb artikulli yn\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> Kurse p\u00ebr Spanj\u00ebn p\u00ebrmenda pajisjet elektronike t\u00eb navigimit t\u00eb jahtit p\u00ebr kalimin detar. Nj\u00eb nga lexuesit tha: \"\u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb interesante se si b\u00ebhet kjo seriozisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lundruar n\u00eb det.\"<\/p>\n

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Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb pajisjesh elektrike kishte n\u00eb jahtin tim dhe si ishin t\u00eb lidhura ato. Ideja kryesore e jahtit, sipas mendimit tim, \u00ebsht\u00eb maksimumi i teknologjive moderne q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e natyr\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre fuqish \u00ebsht\u00eb stuhia, era e fort\u00eb, shi, i ftohti, lag\u00ebshtia ose t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto s\u00eb bashku. Prandaj, jahti nga jasht duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i fort\u00eb dhe i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me natyr\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa brenda duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i rehatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndodhen e njeriut dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar dhe marr\u00eb vendime t\u00eb sakta gjat\u00eb sfidave t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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\"Anasorti<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb foto shihet maja e masts. Para se mastin t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb jaht, i cili zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00eb, n\u00eb tok\u00eb, n\u00eb mast dhe brenda saj vendosen t\u00eb gjitha nevojat.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Brenda mastit zakonisht kalojn\u00eb kabujt e energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr dritat e avancuara n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb mastit dhe sinjalin e ankor\u00ebs, n\u00eb rastin e vendosjes s\u00eb anten\u00ebs VHF \u2014 kabulli i anten\u00ebs dhe kabulli nga stacioni meteorologjik. N\u00eb mastin tim ishin vet\u00ebm drita e sinjalit dhe drita e avancuar, nd\u00ebrsa antenat VHF dhe GPS ishin vendosur n\u00eb reling\u00ebt n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb jahtit. Gjithashtu n\u00eb mastet vendosen reflektor\u00eb radar\u00eb aktiv\u00eb dhe vet\u00eb antenat radar me kabujt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs brenda mastit.<\/p>\n

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Sistemi elektrik i energjis\u00eb<\/h2>\n

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P\u00ebrmbi spray hood (mini tende mbi hyrjen n\u00eb kabin\u00eb) ose n\u00eb strukur\u00ebn e pasme zakonisht vendosen panelet diellore.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb kutit\u00eb pasme n\u00ebn sediljet n\u00eb kokpit ndodhen baterit\u00eb. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, midis jahtist\u00ebve jan\u00eb popullor batere t\u00eb aviacionit t\u00eb Liti-iron-fosfat (LiFePO4, LFP). Ato jan\u00eb shum\u00eb kapacitative dhe t\u00eb lehta. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb kontrollues t\u00eb paneleve diellore dhe nj\u00eb kontrollues t\u00eb karikimit t\u00eb baterive. Gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb inverter nga rrjeti elektrik 12 volt n\u00eb 19 volt p\u00ebr lidhjen e laptopit dhe porta p\u00ebr cigare si n\u00eb makin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Ekziston nj\u00eb sistem i brendsh\u00ebm i energjis\u00eb bregut me 220 volt. Ai p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga fusha termike mbrojt\u00ebse, priza t\u00eb zakonshme dhe ekstensor\u00eb me prise universale t\u00eb dy llojeve, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurat p\u00ebr lidhjen e jahtit n\u00eb rrjetin e energjis\u00eb n\u00eb marina (n\u00eb ankorim). Ekziston gjithashtu nj\u00eb karikues elektrik i zakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr bateria nga rrjeti i energjis\u00eb bregut.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb gjenerator elektrik zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i instaluar n\u00eb motorin e naft\u00ebs stacionar. N\u00eb modelet e vjetra t\u00eb motorit, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar bashk\u00eb me starterin elektrik t\u00eb motorit.<\/p>\n

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Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, n\u00eb jahta vendosen gjenerator\u00eb er\u00eb, p\u00ebr rastet e rethana obstruktive (panele diellore nuk jan\u00eb efikase n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb) ose munges\u00ebs, ose defektit t\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb naft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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Mjetet q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb navigim<\/h2>\n

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Mjeti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr kapitenin \u00ebsht\u00eb eholoti. Ky instrument tregon n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale distanc\u00ebn e sakt\u00eb nga skaji i jahtit deri n\u00eb fund n\u00eb ekranin me kristal likuid. <\/p>\n

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Laga hidroakustike Dopler ose eholoti i p\u00ebrpar\u00ebm mund t\u00eb shfaq\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb absolute t\u00eb anijes n\u00eb lidhje me tok\u00ebn, por gjithashtu detajet e relievit p\u00ebrpara jahtit. Ky instrument nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha jahtet. Ai gjithashtu mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb peshq, delfin\u00eb dhe balenat direkt n\u00ebn jaht n\u00eb ekranin e monitorit. <\/p>\n

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N\u00eb jahtet e vjetra zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar laga elektromekanik. N\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb thik\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb num\u00ebron rrotullimet me nj\u00eb sensor elektromagnetik.<\/p>\n

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Ekziston nj\u00eb busull magnetike me ndri\u00e7im elektrik.<\/p>\n

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Stacioni i motit, i cili p\u00ebrfshin, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pajisjeve t\u00eb tjera, nj\u00eb anemomet\u00ebr p\u00ebr matjen e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs. Stacioni gjithashtu lejon t\u00eb regjistrohen drejtimet e er\u00ebs n\u00eb at\u00eb moment, si dhe presionin e ajrit.<\/p>\n

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Ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb instrument emergjence p\u00ebr navigimin me yje - sekstantin. Por tani, numri i jahtman\u00ebve q\u00eb din\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorin \u00ebsht\u00eb i vog\u00ebl, sepse ky instrument \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me sukses nga GPS. Dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb sekstantit emergjent, marrin nj\u00eb GPS rezervar manual me bateri. P\u00ebr laptopin do t\u00eb nevojitet GPS USB. GPS n\u00eb jaht nuk ka asnj\u00ebher\u00eb mjaft \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

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Radari \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument q\u00eb tregon pengesat n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreze disa mij\u00ebra metrash, por n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb keqe me re, dukshm\u00ebria e tij l\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. Ai gjithashtu nuk sheh anijet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb pas nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbi ose mali. <\/p>\n

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S\u00eb shpeshti njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb det p\u00ebrdorin AIS. Sistemi i Identifikimit Automatike, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje digjitale q\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kanali radio shk\u00ebmben koordinatat dhe kurset e anijeve q\u00eb ndodhen brenda rrethit 3-4 milje, var\u00ebsisht nga fuqia e transmetuesve. Kjo pajisje nuk ka disavantazhet e radarit, por vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha anijet e tjera jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajisura me pajisje t\u00eb ngjashme. Por kjo nuk ndodh gjithmon\u00eb. Gjithashtu, kapiteni mund t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje.<\/p>\n

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Espot dhe EPIRB (Beacon i Pozit\u00ebs s\u00eb Emergjenc\u00ebs) si dhe telefoni satelitor lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni informacion p\u00ebr pozitat e jahtit n\u00eb qendrat e shp\u00ebtimit ose thjesht n\u00eb internet, larg bregut. sh\u00ebrbimi i vendndodhjes s\u00eb jahtit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

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Dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, nj\u00eb mjet shum\u00eb efektiv p\u00ebr marrjen e koordinatave dhe parashikimit t\u00eb motit n\u00eb oqean \u00ebsht\u00eb radiostacioni VHF. Duhet pritur t\u00eb shfaqet nj\u00eb anije kaluese n\u00eb horizont dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni p\u00ebrmes radios informacionin e nevojsh\u00ebm. Zakonisht, kjo p\u00ebrfshin parashikimin e motit p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt dhe koordinat\u00ebn aktuale.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr situatat ekstreme<\/h3>\n

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N\u00eb rast se mungon dhe d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb hronometri i anijes, mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni p\u00ebrmes radios edhe sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e koh\u00ebs. Por me pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb telefoni celular modern t\u00eb karikuar, nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e till\u00eb, pothuajse askush nuk e ka m\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Pak fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr hronometrin e anijes. Zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb or\u00eb mekanike ose kvarci me ep\u00ebrsi t\u00eb sakt\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb konteiner t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm nga uji nga xhami dhe bronzi. E gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e parashikuar n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pajisjes n\u00eb uj\u00eb, n\u00ebse, me fat t\u00eb keq, jahti p\u00ebrmbyset plot\u00ebsisht rreth boshtit t\u00eb tij longitudinal (overkill). N\u00eb rastin e overkill-it, jahtet moderne zakonisht humbasin maj\u00ebn. <\/p>\n

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Situata m\u00eb e leht\u00eb me humbjen e stabilitetit t\u00eb jahtit \u00ebsht\u00eb broaching. Kur duket se jahti n\u00ebn ndikimin e val\u00ebve dhe er\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur plot\u00ebsisht me maj\u00ebn n\u00eb uj\u00eb, por prap\u00eb fal\u00eb balastit dhe balanc\u00ebs s\u00eb forcave q\u00ebndron n\u00eb nj\u00eb kil t\u00eb rrafshet.<\/p>\n

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Pajisjet naviguese dhe kartplotter\u00ebt<\/h2>\n

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M\u00eb p\u00eblqen gjith\u00e7ka te kartplotter\u00ebt p\u00ebr 2000 euro, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \u00e7mimit. N\u00ebse nuk marrim parasysh pajisjet e shtrenjta, ekzistojn\u00eb disa opsione p\u00ebr t\u00eb pajisur jahtin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, por m\u00eb lir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Opsioni par\u00eb \u2014 t\u00eb blini nj\u00eb tablet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur Panasonic Toughpad FZ-M1 t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb mbrojtur ose nj\u00eb tablet t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm (Hugerock T-70S<\/a><\/noindex>). Video shqyrtim<\/a><\/noindex>. Dhe t\u00eb vendosni mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tablet nj\u00eb program OSS t\u00eb navigimit p\u00ebr jahtin OpenCPN<\/a><\/noindex> dhe pak\u00ebz karta elektronike detare t\u00eb vjetra. Ose, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e preferueshme, blini karta t\u00eb reja t\u00eb ligjshme t\u00eb asaj zone ku po kaloni. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e dobishme t\u00eb keni n\u00eb dispozicion karta t\u00eb bot\u00ebs me nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb deri n\u00eb 10 vjet. Informacioni kryesor aty ka mbetur akoma i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr navigimin.<\/p>\n

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Ka nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi even m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Raspberry Pi 4 i ri me OpenCPN n\u00eb trup t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm nga uji dhe pluhuri<\/a><\/noindex> (ose k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> por radiatorin, baterin\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb qese p\u00ebr adsorbimin e kondensat\u00ebs gjithsesi do t'ju duhet ta shtoni.) - 100 euro (ose Olimex<\/a><\/noindex>, ai ka nj\u00eb slot p\u00ebr lidhjen e bateris\u00eb ose Orange - shum\u00eb i lir\u00eb). <\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb monitor i till\u00eb i mbrojtur (IP65\/NEMA4) 200 euro (Mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb monitor me prekje, i cili funksionon n\u00eb prani t\u00eb ujit<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ekranit p\u00ebr 145 euro + mbajt\u00ebs dhe ngjit\u00ebs t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm nga uji). Kabl\u00ebt dhe lidh\u00ebsit t\u00eb mbrojtur nga uji nga Kina - 30 euro.<\/p>\n

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Parashikimi i motit aktual p\u00ebr 3 dit\u00eb p\u00ebrpara OpenCPN, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar nj\u00eb plugin dhe lidhet me Internetin p\u00ebrmes WiFi, mund t\u00eb shkarkoj\u00eb nga serveri i motit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb para daljes dhe t\u00eb merrni vendime p\u00ebr daljen e jahtit n\u00eb det vet\u00ebm duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb parashikimin e motit dhe faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb (gatishm\u00ebria e anijes dhe ekuipazhit). Nga ky vendim, duke marr\u00eb parasysh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00ebt, varet siguria e jahtit n\u00eb oqean.<\/p>\n

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Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb pranues t\u00eb lir\u00eb AIS<\/a><\/noindex>, mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb moduli pranuese t\u00eb televizionit digjital p\u00ebr 20 euro (t\u00eb quajtur \"dongle\", \"stika\" habr.com\/post\/149702 habr.com\/post\/373465), por ndjeshm\u00ebria e k\u00ebtij pajisjeje dhe besueshm\u00ebria do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimta. M\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb blini nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb specializuar.<\/p>\n

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Lidhja e instrumenteve me pajisjen ton\u00eb naviguese<\/h2>\n

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\"Anasorti<\/p>\n

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Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb e zakonshme e lidhjes s\u00eb echolot-it Garmin (ose \u00e7do instrumenti 't\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm') me sistemin e navigimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se n\u00eb vend t\u00eb DB-9 p\u00ebrdoret USB. cp2102 adaptori<\/a><\/noindex>. Ju kushtoj v\u00ebmendje q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kabllot dhe lidh\u00ebsit duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm nga uji.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb autopilot elektrik i thjesht\u00eb<\/h2>\n

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\"Anasorti<\/p>\n

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Kjo pajisje<\/a><\/noindex> mund t\u00eb lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me OpenCPN, si \u00e7do instrument tjet\u00ebr jahting. Dhe do t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb kursin sakt\u00ebsisht sipas ruterit tuaj. Por do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndiqni ndryshimin e er\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

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N\u00eb rast t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs, stacioni i motit do t'ju njoftoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb zgjuars dhe do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb rregulloni vela p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kurs tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

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Me nj\u00eb bateri moderne t\u00eb akumulatoreve t\u00eb ngarkuar gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb dite me diell nga 2 panele diellore, ky pajisje do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rreth 8 or\u00eb. Kjo do t'ju jap\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb flini mir\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb stuhi, ky lloj pajisje nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i fuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar jahtin. Prandaj, do t'ju nevojitet nj\u00eb partner, ose duhet t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb pajisje hidraulike m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme. Nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb pajisje mekanike t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs p\u00ebr er\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

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Mikroval\u00eb<\/h2>\n

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Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje shum\u00eb e dobishme n\u00eb jaht. E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb stuhie mund t\u00eb fshihni n\u00eb mikroval\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb elektronik\u00ebn e ndjeshme (tableta, telefonat mobil\u00eb, laptop). Kjo garanton ruajtjen e pajisjeve tuaja t\u00eb navigimit n\u00eb rastin e r\u00ebnies s\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb rrufeje n\u00eb maj\u00ebn e jahtit dhe shkarkimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike p\u00ebrmes trupit t\u00eb jahtit.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb marin\u00eb, n\u00eb q\u00ebndrim, duke lidhur mikroval\u00ebn n\u00eb rrjetin 220 volt, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatisni ushqim dhe t\u00eb shkrini shpejt produktet.<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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