{"id":55235,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:20","slug":"pol-grem-moi-kumiry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham: idhujt e mi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kam kam nj\u00eb mori temash p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar pafund\u00ebsisht. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb \"idolat\".<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb nderuar n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Mendoj se nj\u00eb list\u00eb e till\u00eb as q\u00eb ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitet, edhe me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, Einsteini nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn time, por padyshim, ai meriton nj\u00eb vend mes njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb respektuar. Nj\u00eb her\u00eb e pyesa nj\u00eb shoqe, q\u00eb studion fizik\u00ebn, n\u00ebse Einsteini ishte v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb gjeni, dhe ajo m\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigj me po. Pra, pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ai n\u00eb list\u00eb? Sepse k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb ata njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ndikuan n\u00eb mua, jo ata q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kishin ndikuar, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kisha kuptuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vler\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb duhej t\u00eb mendoja p\u00ebr dik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptoja n\u00ebse ky person ishte heroi im. Mendimet ishin t\u00eb shumta. P\u00ebr shembull, Montaigne, krijuesi i eseve, ra nga lista ime. Pse? At\u00ebher\u00eb e pyesja veten, \u00e7far\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr ta quajtur nj\u00eb person hero? Duket se duhej thjesht t\u00eb imagjinoja \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte ky person n\u00eb vendin tim n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. S\u00eb bashku, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak adhurim. <\/p>\n

Pasi p\u00ebrgatita list\u00ebn, pash\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebri. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb list\u00eb kishin dy karakteristika t\u00eb dukshme: ishin tep\u00ebr t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm p\u00ebr veprat e tyre, por gjithashtu ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb. Nuk e kuptoj sinq\u00ebrin\u00eb si p\u00ebrmbushjen e gjith\u00e7kaje q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron publiku. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata ishin principe, ndon\u00ebse e fshehnin k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Jack Lambert<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nRrita n\u00eb Pittsburgh, n\u00eb vitet '70. N\u00ebse nuk ishit aty at\u00ebher\u00eb, ju \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinoni se si qyteti e shihte \"Steelers\". T\u00eb gjitha lajmet lokale ishin t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, industria metalurgjike po vdiste. Por \"Steelers\" mbeti ekipi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i futbollit amerikan, dhe n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, kjo pasqyronte karakterin e qytetit ton\u00eb. Ata nuk b\u00ebnin mrekulli, thjesht e kryenin pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n

Lojtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann. Por ata ishin n\u00eb sulm, dhe gjithmon\u00eb keni m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje p\u00ebr lojtar\u00ebt e till\u00eb. M\u00eb duket se, si nj\u00eb ekspert 12-vje\u00e7ar i futbollit amerikan, m\u00eb i miri prej tyre ishte Jack Lambert. Ai ishte krejt\u00ebsisht i pa m\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm, prandaj ai ishte aq i mir\u00eb. Ai nuk donte thjesht t\u00eb luante mir\u00eb, ai donte nj\u00eb ndeshje t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer. Kur nj\u00eb lojtar nga ekipi tjet\u00ebr kishte topin n\u00eb an\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb fush\u00ebs, ai e ndiente k\u00ebt\u00eb si nj\u00eb ofendim personal. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, periferia e Pittsburgh n\u00eb vitet '70 ishte nj\u00eb vend mjaft i m\u00ebrzitsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb shkoll\u00eb ishte e m\u00ebrzitshme. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb rriturit m\u00ebrziteshin n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb kompani t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb shihnim n\u00eb media ishte e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe prodhohej gjetiu. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim ishte Jack Lambert. Nuk kisha par\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb dik\u00eb si ai.<\/p>\n

Kenneth Clark<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kenneth Clark \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e nonfiction. Shumica e atyre q\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e artit nuk din\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, dhe shum\u00eb detaje e d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, Clark ishte i shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb punimet e tij aq sa mund t\u00eb imagjinohet.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb kaq t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb? Cil\u00ebsia e ideve. S\u00eb pari, stili i shprehjes mund t\u00eb duket i zakonsh\u00ebm, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb iluzion. Leximi i \"Nadjes\" \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb vozit\u00ebsh nj\u00eb Ferrari: sapo t\u00eb vendosesh, je i shtypur n\u00eb sedilje nga shpejt\u00ebsia e madhe. Nd\u00ebrsa po m\u00ebsohesh, do t\u00eb tundesh nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn kur makina kthen. Ky njeri prodhon ide aq shpejt sa q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u2019i kap\u00ebsh. Ti do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundosh kapitullin me sy t\u00eb hapur gj\u00ebr\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshje n\u00eb fytyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb ciklit t\u00eb punimeve dokumentar \"Civilizimi\", Kenneth ishte popullor n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e tij. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb njoh\u00ebsh historin\u00eb e artit, \"Civilizimi\" \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb rekomandoj. Ky veprim \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se ato q\u00eb student\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t'i blejn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar historin\u00eb e artit. <\/p>\n

Larry Mihalko<\/h3>\n

\n\u00c7do person kishte nj\u00eb mentor n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ndryshme. Larry Mihalko ishte mentori im. Duke u kthyer pas, vura re nj\u00eb far\u00eb ndryshimi mes klasave t\u00eb treta dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt. Pas takimit me zotin Mihalko, gjith\u00e7ka filloi ndryshe. <\/p>\n

Pse k\u00ebshtu? S\u00eb pari, ai ishte kurioz. Po, natyrisht, shum\u00eb nga m\u00ebsuesit e mi ishin t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb arsimuar, por jo kurioz\u00eb. Larry nuk p\u00ebrputhej me imazhin e nj\u00eb m\u00ebsuesi t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs, dhe dyshoj se ai e dinte k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ndoshta p\u00ebr t\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, por p\u00ebr ne, student\u00ebt, kjo ishte nj\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi. M\u00ebsimet e tij ishin nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse m\u00eb p\u00eblqente t\u00eb shkoja n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gj\u00eb q\u00eb e dallonte nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt ishte dashuria p\u00ebr ne. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt nuk g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb kurr\u00eb. M\u00ebsues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ishin indiferent\u00eb ndaj student\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa z. Mihalko p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb ishte shoku yn\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dit\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb kat\u00ebrt, na vendosi nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb t\u00eb James Taylor-it, ku k\u00ebndohej \"Ju keni nj\u00eb mik. Thoni vet\u00ebm emrin tim dhe ku do q\u00eb t\u00eb jem, do t\u00eb vij.\" Ai vdiq n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 59 vje\u00e7are nga kanceri i mushk\u00ebrive. Her\u00ebn e vetme kur qava ishte n\u00eb varrimin e tij. <\/p>\n

Leonardo<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi, kuptova di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk e kuptoja si f\u00ebmij\u00eb: gjith\u00e7ka m\u00eb e mir\u00eb q\u00eb arrijm\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb - e b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr veten, e jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Shihni pikturat n\u00eb muze dhe mendoni se ato jan\u00eb shkruar ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr ju. Shumica e k\u00ebtyre veprave jan\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar bot\u00ebn, jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur njer\u00ebzit. K\u00ebto zbulime shpesh jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme se gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb jan\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Leonardo ishte shum\u00ebdimensional. Nj\u00eb nga cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritshme: ai krijoi kaq shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb mrekullueshme. Sot njer\u00ebzit e njohin vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb artist t\u00eb madh dhe shpik\u00ebs t\u00eb aparateve fluturuese. Kjo sugjeron se Leonardo ishte nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrrimtar, i cili hodhi posht\u00eb \u00e7do koncept p\u00ebr raketat anijes. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ai b\u00ebri nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb zbulimesh teknike. Prandaj, mund t\u00eb thuhet se ai ishte jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb artist i madh, por dhe nj\u00eb inxhinier i shk\u00eblqyer. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr mua, megjithat\u00eb, pikturat e tij luajn\u00eb rol kryesor. N\u00eb to ai p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb hulumtues i bot\u00ebs, dhe jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb tregonte di\u00e7ka t\u00eb bukur. Megjithat\u00eb, pikturat e Leonardos jan\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e pikturave t\u00eb artist\u00ebve t\u00eb klasit bot\u00ebror. Askush para tij ose pas tij nuk ka qen\u00eb kaq i mir\u00eb n\u00eb momentin kur askush nuk e shihte (No one else, before or since, was that good when no one was looking).<\/p>\n

Robert Morris<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Robert Morris gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar nga sakt\u00ebsia e tij n\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb. Duket se p\u00ebr t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jesh gjithnj\u00eb i ditur, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e leht\u00eb. Mos flis asgj\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk je i sigurt. N\u00ebse nuk je gjithnj\u00eb i ditur, thjesht mos flit shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sakt\u00ebsisht, triku q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se duhet t\u00eb vesh v\u00ebmendje ndaj asaj q\u00eb do t\u00eb thuash. Duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb trik, Robert, sa di un\u00eb, gaboi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb kur ishte student. Kur doli Mac-u, ai tha se kompjuter\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl desktop nuk do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr hakerat e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk quhet truk. N\u00ebse ai do t\u00eb kishte kuptuar se ishte nj\u00eb truk, ai do t\u00eb kishte shprehur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb disa fjal\u00eb n\u00eb momentin e emocionit. Robert ka k\u00ebt\u00eb cil\u00ebsi n\u00eb gjak. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu jasht\u00ebzakonisht i ndersh\u00ebm. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjithmon\u00eb i sakt\u00eb, por e di se \u00ebsht\u00eb i sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb keni menduar se sa mir\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb mos gabonit kurr\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do ta b\u00ebnin k\u00ebt\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb vesh\u00ebsh po aq v\u00ebmendje ndaj gabimeve n\u00eb ide, sa ndaj ideve si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb askush nuk e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb. E di sa e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb. Pas takimit me Robertin, p\u00ebrpiqesha ta aplikoj k\u00ebt\u00eb princip n\u00eb softuer, ai duket se e ka p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb harduer. <\/p>\n

P. G. Wodehouse <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

M\u00eb n\u00eb fund njer\u00ebzit e kuptuan r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e autorit Wodehouse. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb pranohesh sot si shkrimtar - duhet t\u00eb jesh i arsimuar. N\u00ebse krijimi yt \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar publikisht dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb arg\u00ebtues, at\u00ebher\u00eb ke vendosur veten n\u00ebn dyshim. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb i b\u00ebn veprat e Wodehouse aq interesante - ai shkruante at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb thoshte, dhe e dinte se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb trajtohej me p\u00ebrbuzje nga bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsit e tij. <\/p>\n

Evelyn Waugh e pranoi si m\u00eb t\u00eb mirin, por n\u00eb ato koh\u00ebra, njer\u00ebzit e quajt\u00ebn at\u00eb nj\u00eb gjest shum\u00eb kalor\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb gabuar. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, \u00e7do romani autobiografik i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb diplomant i ri mund t\u00eb priste nj\u00eb trajtim m\u00eb t\u00eb respektuesh\u00ebm nga institucioni letrar.<\/p>\n

Wodehouse, ndoshta, filloi me atome t\u00eb thjeshta, por m\u00ebnyra se si i bashkoi ato n\u00eb molekula ishte pothuajse e p\u00ebrsosur. Ritmi i tij, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti. Kjo m\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb ndjehem turp q\u00eb t\u00eb shkruaj p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb mendoj vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr dy shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb afroheshin me t\u00eb n\u00eb stil: Evelyn Waugh dhe Nancy Mitford. K\u00ebta tre p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn gjuh\u00ebn angleze sikur ajo t'u p\u00ebrkiste.<\/p>\n

Por Wodehouse nuk kishte asgj\u00eb. Ai nuk e ndjente turp p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Evelyn Waugh dhe Nancy Mitford shqet\u00ebsoheshin p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt: ai donte t\u00eb duket aristokrat; ajo kishte frik\u00eb se nuk ishte mjaft e men\u00e7ur. Por Wodehouse nuk i interesonte se \u00e7far\u00eb mendonin p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ai shkroi pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshironte.<\/p>\n

Alexander Calder<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Calder \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb sepse m\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb lumtur. A mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb veprat e tij n\u00eb ato t\u00eb Leonardos? Ndoshta jo. Asgj\u00eb q\u00eb lidhet me shekullin e 20-t\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb rivalizoj\u00eb. Por \u00e7do gj\u00eb e mir\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb Moderniz\u00ebm, e ka Calderi dhe krijon me leht\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij karakteristike.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb n\u00eb Moderniz\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb novatorizmi i tij, freskia. Artet e shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb filluan t\u00eb zbehen.
\nPikturat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishin kryesisht ekuivalenti artistik i pallateve \u2014 t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb zbukuruara dhe t\u00eb rreme. Modernizmi do t\u00eb thoshte se duhej t\u00eb nisnim gjith\u00e7ka nga e para, t\u00eb krijonim gj\u00ebrat me motive aq serioze sa f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Artist\u00ebt q\u00eb e shfryt\u00ebzuan m\u00eb s\u00eb miri k\u00ebt\u00eb ishin ata q\u00eb ruajt\u00ebn besimin f\u00ebmij\u00ebsor, sikurse Klee dhe Calder.<\/p>\n

Klee ishte impozant sepse mund t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb stile t\u00eb ndryshme. Por nga ata dy, un\u00eb e preferoj Calder-in m\u00eb shum\u00eb, sepse veprat e tij duken m\u00eb t\u00eb g\u00ebzueshme. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, kuptimi i artit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr shikuesin. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb parashikosh se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u2019i p\u00eblqej\u00eb atij; shpesh ajo q\u00eb duket e interesante n\u00eb fillim, pas nj\u00eb muaji t\u00eb duket e m\u00ebrzitshme. Skulpturat e Calder-it kurr\u00eb nuk b\u00ebhen t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme. Ato q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb aty qet\u00ebsisht, duke rrezatuar optimiz\u00ebm sikurse nj\u00eb bateri q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk shkarkohet. Sa p\u00ebr sa mund t\u00eb gjykoj nga librat dhe fotografit\u00eb, lumturia n\u00eb veprat e Calder-it \u00ebsht\u00eb refleksion i lumturis\u00eb s\u00eb tij. <\/p>\n

Jane Austen <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e admiron Jane Austen. Shtoni emrin tim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb. Mendoj se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimtarja m\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave. M\u00eb intereson si jan\u00eb gj\u00ebrat. Kur lexoj shumic\u00ebn e romaneve, kushtoj aq shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje zgjedhjeve t\u00eb autorit sa dhe vet\u00eb histori. Por n\u00eb romanet e saj nuk mund ta shoh mekanizmin n\u00eb veprim. Megjith\u00ebse m\u00eb intereson se si b\u00ebn at\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebn, nuk mund ta kuptoj, sepse ajo shkruan aq mir\u00eb sa histori e saj nuk duken t\u00eb sajuara. Ndihem sikur po lexoj p\u00ebrshkrimin e asaj q\u00eb ndodhi v\u00ebrtet. Kur isha m\u00eb i ri, lexova shum\u00eb romane. Shumic\u00ebn prej tyre nuk mund t'i lexoj m\u00eb, sepse nuk kan\u00eb mjaft informacion. Romane duket aq t\u00eb varf\u00ebr n\u00eb krahasim me historin\u00eb dhe biografin\u00eb. Por t\u00eb lexosh Austen \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb lexosh literatur\u00eb shkencore. Ajo shkruan aq mir\u00eb, saq\u00eb as nuk e v\u00ebren. <\/p>\n

John McCarthy<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

John McCarthy shpiku Lisp, nj\u00eb fush\u00eb (ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn termin) t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale, dhe ishte nj\u00eb nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb departamenteve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb informatik\u00ebs n\u00eb Institutin Teknologjik t\u00eb Massachusetts dhe n\u00eb Stanford. Askush nuk do t\u00eb diskutoj\u00eb se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb, por p\u00ebr mua, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se Lisp.<\/p>\n

Ne tani kemi v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se sa konceptual ishte ndryshimi q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. Paradoxalisht, nj\u00eb nga arsyet se pse \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb arritjen e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo ishte kaq e suksesshme. Praktikisht \u00e7do gjuh\u00eb programuese e shpikur n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit p\u00ebrfshin ide nga Lisp, dhe me \u00e7do vit, gjuha mesatare programuese b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb si Lisp. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1958 k\u00ebto ide nuk ishin aspak t\u00eb dukshme. N\u00eb vitin 1958, programimi ishte menduar n\u00eb dy k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime kryesore. Disa njer\u00ebz e konceptonin at\u00eb si matematik\u00eb dhe provonin gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me makin\u00ebn Turing. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb e shihnin gjuh\u00ebn e programimit si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7ka dhe zhvillonin gjuh\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndikuara nga teknika e koh\u00ebs. Vet\u00ebm McCarthy e kaloi k\u00ebt\u00eb dallim n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje. Ai zhvilloi nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb ishte matematik\u00eb. Por 'zhvilluar' nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb e sakt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb thuash se e zbuloi.<\/p>\n

Spitfire<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kur po shkruaja k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb, e kisha v\u00ebn\u00eb re se po mendoja p\u00ebr njer\u00ebz si Douglas Bader, Reginald Joseph Mitchell dhe Geoffrey Quill, dhe kuptova se ndon\u00ebse ata t\u00eb gjith\u00eb b\u00ebri shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre, kishte nj\u00eb faktor p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave q\u00eb i lidhte: Spitfire.
\nKy duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb heronjsh. Si mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb aty? Sepse kjo makin\u00eb nuk ishte thjesht nj\u00eb makin\u00eb. Ajo ishte nj\u00eb priz\u00ebm heronjsh. Devotshm\u00ebria e jasht\u00ebzakonshme hynte n\u00eb t\u00eb, dhe guximi i madh dilte prej saj. <\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e pranuar se Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ishte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb mes s\u00eb mir\u00ebs dhe s\u00eb keqes, por n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb betejave, kjo ishte. Shpagimi origjinal i Spitfire, ME 109, nj\u00eb aeroplan i fort\u00eb dhe praktik. Ajo ishte nj\u00eb makin\u00eb vras\u00ebse. Spitfire ishte mish\u00ebrimi i optimizmit. Dhe jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb ato linja t\u00eb bukura: ajo ishte maja e asaj q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej. Por ne ishim t\u00eb drejt\u00eb kur vendos\u00ebm se ishim mbi at\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb aj\u00ebr, bukuria ka nj\u00eb kufi.<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetuan n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kur u vra Kenedi zakonisht e mbajn\u00eb mend sakt\u00ebsisht se ku ishin kur d\u00ebgjuan p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Un\u00eb e mbaj mend sakt\u00ebsisht se ku isha, kur nj\u00eb shoqe m\u00eb pyeti n\u00ebse kisha d\u00ebgjuar q\u00eb Stev Jobs kishte kancer. Ishte sikur toka po largohej nga n\u00ebn k\u00ebmb\u00ebt e mia. Pas disa sekondash, ajo m\u00eb tha q\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb form\u00eb e rrall\u00eb e operueshme e kancerit dhe se ai do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb rregull. Por ato sekonda, dukeshin se zgjatnin p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsisht. <\/p>\n

Nuk isha i sigurt n\u00ebse duhej ta p\u00ebrfshija Jobs-in n\u00eb list\u00ebn. Shumica e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb Apple, duket se e frik\u00ebsojn\u00eb at\u00eb, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e keqe. Por ai frym\u00ebzon adhurim. Nuk ekziston nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb q\u00eb mund ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Stev Jobs. Ai nuk krijoi produktet e Apple vet\u00eb. Nj\u00eb analogji historike m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ai b\u00ebnte \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb art n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Rilindjes s\u00eb Madhe. Si drejtor ekzekutiv i kompanis\u00eb, kjo e b\u00ebn at\u00eb unik. Shumica e menaxher\u00ebve i kalojn\u00eb preferencat e tyre posht\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruesve. Paradoxi i zhvillimit \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb shum\u00eb ose pak m\u00ebnyra, zgjedhja \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar rast\u00ebsisht. Por Stev Jobs kishte shijen e tij \u2014 nj\u00eb shije aq t\u00eb mir\u00eb, sa q\u00eb ai i tregoi bot\u00ebs se shija do t\u00eb thot\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa ata mendojn\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Isaac Newton<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Njutoni ka nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm n\u00eb panteonin tim t\u00eb heronjve: ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ai p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin e akuzoj veten. Ai punoi mbi gj\u00ebra t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Ka shum\u00eb leht\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t'u shp\u00ebtuar, kur punoni mbi detaje. Pyetjet q\u00eb ju p\u00ebrgjigjeni, jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Ju merrni shp\u00ebrblime t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme \u2014 n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, ju merrni m\u00eb shum\u00eb shp\u00ebrblime n\u00eb koh\u00ebn tuaj, n\u00ebse punoni mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb e pak\u00ebndshme t\u00eb kuptosh se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb drejt anonimatis\u00eb t\u00eb merituar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni pyetje q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit as nuk i konsiderojn\u00eb pyetje. Ndoshta at\u00ebher\u00eb kishte edhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb merreshin me k\u00ebt\u00eb, si Njutoni, por Njutoni \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli im i k\u00ebtij m\u00ebnyre mendimi. Un\u00eb vet\u00ebm filloj t\u00eb kuptoj si ka qen\u00eb ndjenja p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ju keni nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. Pse t\u00eb mos b\u00ebni di\u00e7ka t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme? Fraza \"ndryshimi i paradigmes\" tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorur shum\u00eb, por Kuhn kuptoi di\u00e7ka. Dhe pas saj fshihet nj\u00eb mur m\u00eb i madh, tani i ndar\u00eb nga ne, dembelizmi dhe idiocizmi, q\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt do t\u00eb duket shum\u00eb i holl\u00eb. N\u00ebse ne do t\u00eb punojm\u00eb si Njutoni. <\/p>\n

Faleminderit Trevori Blackwell, Jessica Livingston dhe Jackie McDonough p\u00ebr leximin e skicave t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli.<\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrkthimi \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer translatedby.com\/you\/some-heroes\/into-sq\/trans\/?page=2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n