{"id":55235,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:20","slug":"pol-grem-moi-kumiry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham: idhujt e mi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kam kam m\u00eb shum\u00eb tema p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar dhe shkruar. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abidolat\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb nderuar n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Mendoj se nj\u00eb list\u00eb e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb, madje edhe me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n

P.sh., Einstein, ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn time, por pa dyshim meritojn\u00eb nj\u00eb vend mes njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb respektuar. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb e pyesja nj\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb mi, q\u00eb studion fizik\u00ebn, n\u00ebse Einstein ishte v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb gjen i till\u00eb, dhe ajo m\u00eb dha nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje pozitive. Po pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ai n\u00eb list\u00eb? Sepse k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb ata njer\u00ebz q\u00eb m\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikuar, jo ata q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kishin ndikuar, n\u00ebse do ta kisha kuptuar vler\u00ebn e veprave t\u00eb tyre. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb nevojitej t\u00eb mendoj p\u00ebr dik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptoj n\u00ebse ky person ishte heroi im. Mendimet ishin t\u00eb ndryshme. P.sh., Montaigne, krijuesi i eseve, u p\u00ebrjashtua nga lista ime. Pse? At\u00ebher\u00eb e pyesja veten, \u00e7far\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb quajtur nj\u00eb person hero? Ajo q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb imagjinosh se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte ky person n\u00eb vendin tim n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Bien dakord, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak nj\u00eb adhurim. <\/p>\n

Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb list\u00ebs, vura re nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. \u00c7do person n\u00eb list\u00eb kishte dy karakteristika: ata ishin tep\u00ebr t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm ndaj veprave t\u00eb tyre, por gjithashtu ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb. Me sinqeritetin, nuk kuptoj p\u00ebrmbushjen e \u00e7do d\u00ebshire t\u00eb shikuesit. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata ishin thelb\u00ebsisht provokator\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, ndon\u00ebse ata e fshehin k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Jack Lambert<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nUn\u00eb rrita n\u00eb Pittsburgh, n\u00eb vitet '70. N\u00ebse nuk ishit atje at\u00ebher\u00eb, ju \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinoni se si qyteti i q\u00ebndronte \u00abSteelers\u00bb. T\u00eb gjitha lajmet lokale ishin t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, industria metalurgjike po vdiste. Por \u00abSteelers\u00bb mbetej ekipi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i futbollit amerikan, dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre kjo pasqyronte karakterin e qytetit ton\u00eb. Ata nuk b\u00ebnin mrekulli, por thjesht b\u00ebnin pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n

Lojtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann. Por ata ishin n\u00eb sulm, dhe gjithmon\u00eb i kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje lojtar\u00ebve t\u00eb till\u00eb. M\u00eb duket, si nj\u00eb ekspert 12-vje\u00e7ar i futbollit amerikan, se m\u00eb i miri prej tyre ishte Jack Lambert. Ai ishte krejt\u00ebsisht i pa m\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm, dhe kjo e b\u00ebri at\u00eb kaq t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Ai nuk donte vet\u00ebm t\u00eb luante mir\u00eb, ai donte t\u00eb luante shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm. Kur nj\u00eb lojtar i ekipit tjet\u00ebr kishte topin n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e tij, ai e konsideronte k\u00ebt\u00eb nj\u00eb ofendim personal. <\/p>\n

Parajsa e Pittsburgh n\u00eb vitet 1970 ishte nj\u00eb vend mjaft i m\u00ebrzitsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb shkoll\u00eb ishte e m\u00ebrzitshme. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb rriturit ankoheshin p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb kompani t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. \u00c7far\u00ebdo q\u00eb shihnim n\u00eb media ishte e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe prodhohej diku tjet\u00ebr. P\u00ebrjashtim b\u00ebnte Jack Lambert. Nuk kisha par\u00eb dik\u00eb si at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kenneth Clark<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kenneth Clark \u00ebsht\u00eb pa dyshim nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb nonfiction. Shumica e atyre q\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e artit nuk din\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, dhe kjo e v\u00ebrteton nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb detajesh. Por Clark ishte i shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb veprat e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb sa mund t\u00eb imagjinohet.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb kaq t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb? Cil\u00ebsia e ides\u00eb. Fillimisht, stili i shprehjes mund t\u00eb duket i zakonsh\u00ebm, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mashtrim. Leximi i \"Nudities\" \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb ngas\u00ebsh nj\u00eb Ferrari: sapo t\u00eb vendosesh, t\u00eb shtyn me forc\u00eb n\u00eb sedilje nga shpejt\u00ebsia e madhe. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatesh, do t\u00eb hidhesha nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn kur makina p\u00ebrkulet. Ky njeri prodhon ide kaq shpejt saq\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t'i kapur ato. Do ta p\u00ebrfundosh kapitullin me sy t\u00eb hapur gjer\u00ebsisht dhe nj\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshje n\u00eb fytyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb ciklit t\u00eb punimeve dokumentar \"Civilizimi\", Kenneth ishte i njohur n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e tij. Dhe n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb njoh\u00ebsh historin\u00eb e artit \u2014 \"Civilizimi\" \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb un\u00eb rekomandoj. Ky veprim \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se ato q\u00eb student\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb blejn\u00eb gjat\u00eb studimit t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb artit. <\/p>\n

Larry Mihalko<\/h3>\n

\n\u00c7do njeri kishte nj\u00eb mentor n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ndryshme. Larry Mihalko ishte mentori im. Kur e shikoj pas, bem\u00eb nj\u00eb dallim midis klas\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt. Pas takimit me zotin Mihalko, gjith\u00e7ka ndryshoi. <\/p>\n

Pse ndodhi kjo? S\u00eb pari, ai ishte kurioz. Po, natyrisht, shum\u00eb nga m\u00ebsuesit e mi ishin mjaft t\u00eb arsimuar, por jo kurioz\u00eb. Lari nuk p\u00ebrputhej me imazhin e nj\u00eb m\u00ebsuesi shkollor, dhe un\u00eb dyshoj se ai e dinte k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ndoshta kjo ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, por p\u00ebr ne, student\u00ebt, kjo ishte nj\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi. M\u00ebsimet e tij ishin nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye m\u00eb p\u00eblqente t\u00eb shkoja n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb e dallonte at\u00eb nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt ishte dashuria p\u00ebr ne. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt kurr\u00eb nuk g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb. M\u00ebsuesit e tjer\u00eb ishin indiferent\u00eb ndaj student\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa zoti Mihalko k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej miku yn\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga dit\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb kat\u00ebrt ai na vendosi nj\u00eb album t\u00eb James Taylor, ku luante \"Keni nj\u00eb mik\". Thjesht m\u00eb thoni dhe kudo q\u00eb t\u00eb jem, do t\u00eb fluturoj. Ai vdiq n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 59 vje\u00e7are nga kanceri i mushk\u00ebrive. E vetmja her\u00eb q\u00eb kam qaru \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb funeralin e tij. <\/p>\n

Leonardo<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi kuptova at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e kuptoja si f\u00ebmij\u00eb: gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb arrijm\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebn, e b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr vete, e jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Shihni pikturat n\u00eb muze dhe mendoni se ato jan\u00eb shkruar ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr ju. Shumica e k\u00ebtyre veprave ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb bot\u00ebn, e jo t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqin njer\u00ebzit. K\u00ebto zbulime ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme se ato gj\u00ebra q\u00eb jan\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Leonardo ishte multidimensional. Nj\u00eb nga cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb shquara: ai b\u00ebri kaq shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb mrekullueshme. Sot njer\u00ebzit e njohin at\u00eb vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb artist t\u00eb madh dhe shpik\u00ebs t\u00eb nj\u00eb aparati fluturues. Prej k\u00ebsaj, do t\u00eb supozoni se Leonardo ishte nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrrimtar q\u00eb hodhi posht\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha konceptet e raketave. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ai b\u00ebri nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe zbulimesh teknike. Pra, mund t\u00eb thuhet se ai ishte jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb artist i madh, por gjithashtu nj\u00eb inxhinier i shk\u00eblqyer. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr mua, megjithat\u00eb, roli kryesor luhet nga pikturat e tij. N\u00eb to ai p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb studionte bot\u00ebn, e jo t\u00eb tregonte bukurin\u00eb. Dhe megjithat\u00eb, pikturat e Leonardos q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00eb me pikturat e artist\u00ebve t\u00eb nivelit bot\u00ebror. Askush q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb, as para tij as pas tij, nuk ishte aq i mir\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kur askush nuk e shihte.<\/p>\n

Robert Morris<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Roberta Morris gjithmon\u00eb e karakterizoi e drejta e tij n\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb. Duket se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhen t\u00eb dish gjith\u00e7ka, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e leht\u00eb. Mos thuaj asgj\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk je i sigurt. N\u00ebse nuk je gjithnj\u00eb i ditur, thjesht mos flit shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, truku q\u00ebndron n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb v\u00ebsh re p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb thuash. Duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb truk, Robert, sa di un\u00eb, ka gabuar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb, kur ishte student. Kur doli Mac, ai tha se kompjuter\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl desktop kurr\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr hakimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk quhet truk. Po t\u00eb kishte ditur se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb truk, ai do t\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shprehje t\u00eb gabuar n\u00eb momentin e ndjesh\u00ebm. Roberti ka k\u00ebt\u00eb cil\u00ebsi n\u00eb gjak. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu jasht\u00ebzakonisht i sinqert\u00eb. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjithmon\u00eb i sakt\u00eb, por gjithashtu e di se \u00ebsht\u00eb i sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb keni menduar se sa e mir\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb mos gabonit kurr\u00eb, dhe e gjith\u00eb bota do ta b\u00ebnte k\u00ebt\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebsh aq v\u00ebmendje p\u00ebr gabimet n\u00eb ide, sa p\u00ebr iden\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb askush nuk e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb. Un\u00eb e di sa e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb. Pas takimit me Robertin, p\u00ebrpiqesha t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorja k\u00ebt\u00eb parim n\u00eb softuer, ai duket se e p\u00ebrdor at\u00eb n\u00eb harduer. <\/p>\n

P. G. Wodehouse <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

M\u00eb n\u00eb fund njer\u00ebzit e kuptuan r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e shkrimtarit Wodehouse. N\u00ebse doni t\u00eb pranoheni sot si shkrimtar \u2014 duhet t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb arsimuar. N\u00ebse krijimi juaj mori njohje publike dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb qesharak, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb po e v\u00ebni veten n\u00ebn dyshimin. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb e b\u00ebn veprat e Wodehouse kaq emocionuese \u2014 ai shkruante at\u00eb q\u00eb donte dhe e dinte se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb perceptohej me p\u00ebrbuzje nga bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsit e tij. <\/p>\n

Evelyn Waugh e pranoi at\u00eb si m\u00eb t\u00eb mirin, por n\u00eb ato koh\u00ebra njer\u00ebzit e quajt\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb nj\u00eb akt shum\u00eb kalor\u00ebsor dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gabuar. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb \u00e7do roman autobiografik i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb i diplomuar n\u00eb kolegj mund t\u00eb priste nj\u00eb trajtim m\u00eb t\u00eb respektuesh\u00ebm nga institucioni letrar.<\/p>\n

Wodehouse ndoshta filloi me atome t\u00eb thjeshta, por m\u00ebnyra sesi i kombinonte ato n\u00eb molekula ishin pothuajse t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosura. Ritmi tij, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti. Kjo m\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb shkruaj p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb me turp. M\u00eb vijn\u00eb n\u00eb mend dy autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb i jan\u00eb afruar atij n\u00eb stil: Evelyn Waugh dhe Nancy Mitford. K\u00ebta tre e p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn anglishten sikur ajo t'u p\u00ebrkiste atyre.<\/p>\n

Por Wodehouse nuk kishte asgj\u00eb. Ai nuk ndjehej i turpsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Evelyn Waugh dhe Nancy Mitford e shqet\u00ebsonin mendimet e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve p\u00ebr ta: ai donte t\u00eb dukej aristokrat, ajo kishte frik\u00eb se nuk ishte e mjaftueshme. Por Wodehouse nuk i b\u00ebri asnj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje \u00e7far\u00eb mendohej p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ai shkroi pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb q\u00eb donte.<\/p>\n

Alexander Calder<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Calder \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb sepse m\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb lumtur. A mund t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb puna e tij me at\u00eb t\u00eb Leonardos? Probabilisht jo. Ashtu si asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb. Por t\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrat e mira q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb Moderniz\u00ebm, i ka Calder, dhe ai krijon me leht\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij karakteristike.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb n\u00eb Moderniz\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb noviteti dhe freskia e tij. Arte 19 shekullit filloi t\u00eb mb\u00ebrthehet.
\nPikturat e njohura n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishin kryesisht ekuivalenti artistik i pallateve \u2014 t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme dhe t\u00eb rreme. Modernizmi do t\u00eb thoshte se duhej t\u00eb fillohej nga e para, t\u00eb krijoheshin gj\u00ebra me motive po aq t\u00eb larta sa ato q\u00eb krijojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Artist\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrfituan m\u00eb s\u00eb miri nga kjo, ishin ata q\u00eb ruajt\u00ebn besimin f\u00ebmijor si Klit dhe Calder.<\/p>\n

Klit ishte impozant pasi mund t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb stile t\u00eb ndryshme. Por nga ata dy, un\u00eb e preferoj Calder m\u00eb shum\u00eb, sepse veprat e tij duken m\u00eb t\u00eb g\u00ebzuara. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, kuptimi i artit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb shikuesin. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb parashikohet se \u00e7far\u00eb do t'i p\u00eblqej\u00eb atij; shpesh ajo q\u00eb duket interesante n\u00eb fillim, pas nj\u00eb muaji do t'ju ndiej\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme. Skulpturat e Calderit nuk e lodhin kurr\u00eb. Ato thjesht q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb atje qet\u00ebsisht, duke rrezatuar optimiz\u00ebm si nj\u00eb bateri q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb shkarkohet kurr\u00eb. Sa m\u00eb duket nga librat dhe fotografit\u00eb, lumturia n\u00eb veprat e Calderit \u00ebsht\u00eb pasqyrimi i lumturis\u00eb s\u00eb tij vet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Jane Austen <\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e admirojn\u00eb Jane Austen. Shtoni emrin tim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb. Mendoj se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimtari m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave. M\u00eb intereson si q\u00ebndron puna. Kur lexoj shumic\u00ebn e romaneve, i kushtoj po aq v\u00ebmendje zgjedhjeve t\u00eb autorit sa dhe vet\u00eb historis\u00eb. Por n\u00eb romanet e saj nuk mund ta shoh mekanizmin n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Edhe pse m\u00eb intereson si b\u00ebn ajo at\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebn, nuk mund ta kuptoj, sepse ajo shkruan aq mir\u00eb, saq\u00eb historit\u00eb e saj nuk duken si shpikje. Ndihem sikur po lexoj nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb ndodhi v\u00ebrtet. Kur isha m\u00eb i rinj, lexova shum\u00eb romane. Shumic\u00ebn e tyre nuk mund t\u00eb lexoj m\u00eb, sepse nuk kan\u00eb mjaft informacion. Romantet duken kaq t\u00eb varf\u00ebra n\u00eb krahasim me historin\u00eb dhe biografin\u00eb. Por t\u00eb lexosh Austen \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb lexosh literatur\u00eb shkencore. Ajo shkruan aq mir\u00eb, sa nuk e v\u00ebren fare. <\/p>\n

John McCarthy<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

John McCarthy shpikti Lisp, fush\u00ebn (ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn termin) e inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale dhe ishte nj\u00eb nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb departamenteve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb informatik\u00ebs n\u00eb Institutin Teknologjik t\u00eb Massachusetts dhe n\u00eb Stanford. Askush nuk do t\u00eb kontestoj\u00eb se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gjeni, por p\u00ebr mua \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb Lisp.<\/p>\n

Na \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb sk\u00ebnderbeu konceptual ndodhi at\u00ebher\u00eb. Paradoxalisht, nj\u00eb nga arsyet pse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet arritja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo ishte kaq e suksesshme. Gati \u00e7do gjuh\u00eb programuese e shpikur n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit p\u00ebrfshin ide nga Lisp, dhe \u00e7do vit nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programuese mesatare po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e ngjashme me Lisp. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb 1958, k\u00ebto ide nuk ishin aspak t\u00eb qarta. N\u00eb 1958, programimi mendoheshin n\u00eb dy \u00e7el\u00ebsa. Disa njer\u00ebz e mendonin at\u00eb si matematik\u00eb dhe provonin gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkonte makin\u00ebn e Turingut. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e perceptonin gjuh\u00ebn e programimit si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7ka dhe zhvillonin gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndikuara nga teknika e asaj kohe. Vet\u00ebm McCarthy e kaloi ndarjen n\u00eb pikapamje. Ai zhvilloi nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb ishte matematik\u00eb. Por<\/p>\n

Spitfire<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Kur un\u00eb shkrova k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb, m\u00eb ra n\u00eb mendje se po mendoja p\u00ebr njer\u00ebz si Douglas Bader, Reginald Joseph Mitchell dhe Jeffrey Quill, dhe kuptova se, ndon\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata b\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre, ekzistonte nj\u00eb faktor p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve q\u00eb i lidhte ata: Spitfire.
\nKy duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb heronjsh. Si mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb? Sepse kjo makin\u00eb nuk ishte thjesht nj\u00eb makin\u00eb. Ajo ishte nj\u00eb priz\u00ebm heronjsh. P\u00ebrkushtimi i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm hynte n\u00eb t\u00eb, dhe guximi i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm dilte prej saj. <\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e zakonshme q\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ta quajn\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb midis mir\u00eb dhe s\u00eb keqes, por midis nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb betejave, ashtu ishte. Revanshi origjinal i Spitfire-it, ME 109, ishte nj\u00eb aeroplan i fort\u00eb dhe praktik. Ajo ishte nj\u00eb makin\u00eb vras\u00ebse. Spitfire ishte shprehja e optimizmit. Dhe jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebto rreshta t\u00eb bukur: ai ishte kulmi i asaj q\u00eb n\u00eb parim mund t\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb. Por ishim t\u00eb drejt\u00eb kur menduam se ka di\u00e7ka p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb aj\u00ebr ka nj\u00eb kufi p\u00ebr bukurin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebrzit q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, kur John F. Kennedy u vra, zakonisht e mbajn\u00eb mend sakt\u00ebsisht se ku ishin kur d\u00ebgjuan p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Un\u00eb e mbaj mend sakt\u00ebsisht se ku isha, kur nj\u00eb mikesh\u00eb m\u00eb pyeti n\u00ebse kishim d\u00ebgjuar se Steve Jobs kishte kancer. Ishte si t\u00eb m\u00eb kishin ikur k\u00ebmb\u00ebt n\u00ebn mua. Pas disa sekundos, ajo m\u00eb tha se ishte nj\u00eb form\u00eb e rrall\u00eb e operueshme e kancerit dhe se ai do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb. Por ato sekonda, dukeshin se zgjatnin p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsisht. <\/p>\n

Nuk isha i sigurt n\u00ebse duhej ta p\u00ebrfshija Jobs n\u00eb list\u00eb. Shumica e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb Apple, duket se e kan\u00eb frik\u00eb at\u00eb, dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e keqe. Por ai inspiron adhuri. Natyra e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb. Ai nuk e krijoi produktin Apple vet\u00eb. Analogjia historike m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me at\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebnte ai \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb art gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Rilindjes s\u00eb Madhe. Si drejtor ekzekutiv, kjo e b\u00ebn at\u00eb unik. Shumica e drejtuesve i kalojn\u00eb preferencat e tyre n\u00ebnvepruesve. Paradoksi i zhvillimit \u00ebsht\u00eb se, m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak, zgjedhjet p\u00ebrcaktohen rast\u00ebsisht. Por Steve Jobs kishte shijen e tij \u2014 aq t\u00eb mir\u00eb sa q\u00eb ai ia tregoi bot\u00ebs se shija do t\u00eb thot\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se sa mendojn\u00eb ata. <\/p>\n

Isaac Newton<\/h3>\n

\n\"Paul<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Newton ka nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm n\u00eb panteonin tim t\u00eb heronjve: ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb e p\u00ebrk\u00ebdhelsi veten. Ai punoi n\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Aq leht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrqendrohesh kur punon n\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb vogla. \u00c7\u00ebshtjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat je duke u p\u00ebrgjigjur, jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Merrni shp\u00ebrblime t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme \u2014 n\u00eb thelb, merrni m\u00eb shum\u00eb shp\u00ebrblime n\u00eb koh\u00ebn tuaj, n\u00ebse punoni mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Por nuk m\u00eb p\u00eblqen q\u00eb t\u00eb pranoj se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb drejt paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb merituar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb vepra v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkosh \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit as nuk i konsideronin si t\u00eb tilla. M\u00eb siguri ka pasur edhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb punonin mbi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gj\u00ebra, si Newton, por Newton \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli im i k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb mendimit. Filloj ta kuptoj se si duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb ndjenja p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ke vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb jet\u00eb. Pse t\u00eb mos b\u00ebsh di\u00e7ka madh\u00ebshtore? Fraza \"ndryshimi i paradigmes\" \u00ebsht\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar shum\u00eb tani, por Kuhn kuptonte di\u00e7ka. Dhe pas k\u00ebsaj q\u00ebndron nj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb, nj\u00eb mur ndar\u00ebs i len\u00e7ish\u00ebm dhe budallall\u00ebk, q\u00eb s\u00eb shpejti do duket shum\u00eb i holl\u00eb p\u00ebr ne. N\u00ebse punojm\u00eb si Newton. <\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb Trevor Blackwell, Jessica Livingston, dhe Jackie McDonough p\u00ebr leximin e draft\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli.<\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrkthimi \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb translatedby.com\/you\/some-heroes\/into-sq\/trans\/?page=2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n