{"id":55326,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:26","slug":"mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","title":{"rendered":"A mund t\u00eb hakohet nj\u00eb avion","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Duke n\u00eb udh\u00ebtim pune apo p\u00ebr pushime, a keni menduar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb se sa e sigurt \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo n\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve dixhitale? Disa avion\u00eb modern\u00eb quhen kompjuter\u00eb me krah\u00eb, aq i lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli i dep\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb teknologjive kompjuterike. Si i mbrojn\u00eb ata nga thyerjet? \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pilot\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast? Cilat sisteme t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik? K\u00ebt\u00eb e shpjegoi nj\u00eb pilot aktiv, kapiten i Boeing 737 me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10,000 or\u00eb fluturim, n\u00eb kanalin e tij MenTour Pilot.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pra, thyerja e sistemeve t\u00eb avion\u00ebve. N\u00eb vitet e fundit, ky problem po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb aktual. Nd\u00ebrsa aeroplan\u00ebt b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb informatizuar dhe volumi i shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mes tyre dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve tok\u00ebsore rritet, rritet gjithashtu mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr sulme nga ana e kriminel\u00ebve. Prodhuesit e avion\u00ebve e din\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb prej shum\u00eb vitesh, por m\u00eb par\u00eb kjo informacion nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb komunikuar ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht te ne, pilot\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb, duket se n\u00eb nivelin korporativ k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtuara.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb po d\u00ebgjonim?..<\/h3>\n

\nEdhe n\u00eb vitin 2015, Ministria e Siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Brendshme t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb publikoi nj\u00eb raport, q\u00eb ata arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb thyejn\u00eb sistemet e Boeing 757, nd\u00ebrsa ai ishte n\u00eb tok\u00eb. P\u00ebr thyerjen u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn mjete t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb kalonin p\u00ebrmes kontrollit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Dep\u00ebrtimi u arrit p\u00ebrmes sistemit t\u00eb komunikimit radio. Natyrisht, ata nuk e njoftuan se cilat sisteme arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb thyenin. N\u00eb thelb, ata nuk than\u00eb asgj\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb aksesojn\u00eb avionin. <\/p>\n

Po ashtu, n\u00eb vitin 2017 kishte nj\u00eb raport nga hakeri i pavarur Ruben Santamarta. Ai njoftoi se duke nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb transmetues t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe duke vendosur nj\u00eb anten\u00eb n\u00eb oborr, arriti t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtoj\u00eb n\u00eb sistemet e arg\u00ebtimit t\u00eb avion\u00ebve q\u00eb fluturonin mbi t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto na \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb konkluzionin se ndonj\u00eb rrezik ka. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb haker\u00ebt dhe \u00e7far\u00eb jo? P\u00ebr ta kuptuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, le t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb s\u00eb pari se si funksionojn\u00eb sistemet kompjuterike t\u00eb avion\u00ebve. E para q\u00eb duhet theksuar \u00ebsht\u00eb se avion\u00ebt m\u00eb modern\u00eb jan\u00eb gjithashtu m\u00eb t\u00eb kompjuterizuarit. Kompjuter\u00ebt n\u00eb bord kryejn\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha operacionet nga pozicionimi i sip\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb kontrollit (timona, flaps, alerone...) deri te d\u00ebrgimi i informacionit t\u00eb fluturimeve. <\/p>\n

Por duhet t\u00eb kuptohet se prodhuesit e avion\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7ori nd\u00ebrtimore t\u00eb makinave moderne, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ata e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sigurin\u00eb kibernetike n\u00eb dizajnin e tyre. Prandaj, sistemet q\u00eb keni akses n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsin e karriges para jush dhe sistemet q\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb fluturimin jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndara. Jan\u00eb fizikisht t\u00eb ndara n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, t\u00eb ndara infrastrukturisht, p\u00ebrdorin sisteme dhe gjuh\u00eb programimi t\u00eb ndryshme - n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos l\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb aksesohen sistemet e kontrollit p\u00ebrmes sistemit t\u00eb arg\u00ebtimit n\u00eb bord. Pra, n\u00eb avion\u00ebt modern\u00eb, kjo nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb problem. Boeing, Airbus, Embraer jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb informuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim dhe punojn\u00eb vazhdimisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb hap p\u00ebrpara haker\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim nga p\u00ebrkthyesi: ka pasur raporte se zhvilluesit e Boeing 787 d\u00ebshironin megjithat\u00eb t\u00eb bashkonin fizikisht k\u00ebto sisteme dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebnin ndarjen virtuale t\u00eb rrjeteve. Kjo do t\u00eb lejonte kursim peshe (server\u00ebt n\u00eb bord) dhe do t\u00eb reduktonte numrin e kabllove. Megjithat\u00eb, autoritetet rregullatore refuzuan t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb nj\u00eb koncept t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe i detyruan t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb \"tradit\u00ebn\" e ndarjes fizike.<\/i><\/p>\n

Pamja e p\u00ebrgjithshme duket pak m\u00eb e keqe n\u00ebse marrim parasysh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb spektin e aeroplan\u00ebve. Koh\u00ebzgjatja e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb avioni arrin 20-30 vjet. Dhe n\u00ebse shikojm\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb kompjuterike t\u00eb para 20-30 vjet\u00ebve, ato do t\u00eb ishin krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe. \u00cbsht\u00eb pothuajse si t\u00eb shoh\u00ebsh dinozaur\u00ebt q\u00eb sh\u00ebtisin p\u00ebrreth. Pra, n\u00eb avion\u00ebt si 737, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin un\u00eb fluturoj, ose Airbus 320, sigurisht do t\u00eb ket\u00eb sisteme kompjuterike q\u00eb nuk kishin nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje aq t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me hakerat dhe sulmet kibernetike. Por ka edhe nj\u00eb an\u00eb pozitive \u2014 ato nuk ishin aq t\u00eb kompjuterizuara dhe t\u00eb integruara si makinat moderne. Pra, sistemet q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb 737 ton\u00eb (nuk mund t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr Airbus, pasi nuk jam i njohur me to) jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb na transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna navigimi. Ne nuk kemi sistem elektrik t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr menaxhim (Fly-by-wire)<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb 737 ton\u00eb, timoni \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i lidhur me sip\u00ebrfaqet menaxhuese. Pra, po, ndonj\u00eb keqb\u00ebr\u00ebs mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb sistemeve tona naviguese, p\u00ebr shembull, por ne do ta v\u00ebrejm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt. <\/p>\n

Ne e menaxhojm\u00eb avionin jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb GPS-it t\u00eb bordit, por gjithashtu p\u00ebrdorim sisteme tradicionale navigimi, ne vazhdimisht i krahasojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga burime t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 GPS-it, ka gjithashtu farurat tok\u00ebsore dhe distancat deri te ato. Ne kemi n\u00eb bord nj\u00eb sistem, i quajtur IRS. N\u00eb thelb, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb giroskop\u00eb lazer q\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe i krahasojn\u00eb ato me GPS-in. Pra, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb di\u00e7ka nuk shkon ashtu si\u00e7 duhet me ndonj\u00ebrin nga sistemet e prekshme, ne do ta v\u00ebrejm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt dhe do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

sistemet e bordit<\/h3>\n

\nCilat jan\u00eb q\u00ebllimet e tjera potenciale p\u00ebr sulm q\u00eb ju vijn\u00eb n\u00eb mendje? E para dhe m\u00eb e dukshme \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i arg\u00ebtimit n\u00eb bord. N\u00eb disa kompani ajrore, pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrmes tij ju blini aksesin n\u00eb Wi-Fi, porositni ushqim etj. Po ashtu, Wi-Fi n\u00eb bord mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb objektiv p\u00ebr keqbashkuesit, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt mund ta krahasojm\u00eb me \u00e7do hotspot publik. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb e dini se n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni rrjete publike pa VPN, ekziston mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb t\u00eb merrni t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tuaja \u2014 t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale, fotografi, fjal\u00ebkalimet e ruajtura t\u00eb Wi-Fi, si dhe \u00e7do fjal\u00ebkalim tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb kartave bankare etj. Nj\u00eb haker i aft\u00eb nuk do ta ket\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion. <\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nSistemi i brendsh\u00ebm i arg\u00ebtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, pasi p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb pavarur komponent\u00ebsh harduerik\u00eb. Dhe k\u00ebta kompjuter\u00eb, dua t\u00eb kujtoj s\u00ebrish, nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur dhe nuk nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb me sistemet e kontrollit t\u00eb avionit. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb sulm ndaj sistemit t\u00eb arg\u00ebtimit nuk mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb probleme serioze. P\u00ebr shembull, keqbashkuesi potencialisht mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb njoftime t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasagjer\u00ebve n\u00eb kabin\u00eb, duke njoftuar, p\u00ebr shembull, se kontrolli i avionit \u00ebsht\u00eb kapur. Kjo do t\u00eb shkaktonte panik. Ose njoftime n\u00eb lidhje me problemet me avionin, ose \u00e7do dezinformat\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Sigurisht, do t\u00eb ishte trondit\u00ebse dhe horrifikuese, por nuk do t\u00eb ishte aspak e rrezikshme. Q\u00eb kur nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb potencialisht e mundur, prodhuesit po marrin t\u00eb gjitha masat e mundshme duke instaluar firewall dhe protokolle t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar probleme t\u00eb tilla. <\/p>\n

Pra, ndoshta, sistemet m\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme jan\u00eb sistemi i arg\u00ebtimit n\u00eb bord dhe Wi-Fi. Megjithat\u00eb, Wi-Fi zakonisht ofrohet nga nj\u00eb operator i jasht\u00ebm dhe jo nga vet\u00eb kompania ajrore. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb merret me sigurin\u00eb kibernetike t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit q\u00eb ofron.<\/p>\n

E next q\u00eb m\u00eb vjen n\u00eb mendje jan\u00eb tablet\u00ebt e fluturimit t\u00eb pilot\u00ebve. Kur fillova t\u00eb fluturoj, t\u00eb gjitha udh\u00ebzimet tona ishin n\u00eb form\u00eb letre. P\u00ebr shembull, udh\u00ebzimi i p\u00ebrdorimit me t\u00eb gjitha rregullat, procedurat e nevojshme, udh\u00ebzimi i navigimit me trajektoret n\u00eb aj\u00ebr p\u00ebr rastet kur mund t'i harrojm\u00eb ato, diagramet e navigimit dhe qasjes n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e aeroportit, kartat e aeroportit - gjith\u00e7ka ishte n\u00eb form\u00eb letre. Dhe n\u00ebse di\u00e7ka ndryshonte, duhej t\u00eb gjeja faqen e nevojshme, ta shk\u00ebputja, ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja me at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar, t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoja q\u00eb ajo ishte z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ishte shum\u00eb pun\u00eb. Pra, kur filluam t\u00eb merrnim tablet\u00ebt e fluturimit, ishte thjesht e mrekullueshme. Me nj\u00eb klik, gjith\u00e7ka mund t\u00eb shkarkohej shpejt, me t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet e fundit, n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb. Po ashtu, mund t\u00eb merrnim parashikimet e motit, planet e reja t\u00eb fluturimeve - gjith\u00e7ka mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohej n\u00eb tablet.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nPor. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb lidhni p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb vend, ekziston potenciali p\u00ebr dep\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb pal\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Kompanit\u00eb ajrore jan\u00eb n\u00eb dijeni t\u00eb situat\u00ebs, ashtu si\u00e7 jan\u00eb edhe autoritetet aviatike. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse nuk na \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb form\u00eb elektronike. Duhet t\u00eb kemi plane fluturimi n\u00eb form\u00eb letre (sidoqoft\u00eb, ky k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ndryshon nga nj\u00eb kompani ajrore n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn), gjithashtu na nevojitet nj\u00eb kopje rezerv\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebn asnj\u00eb rrethan\u00eb nuk kemi t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 aplikacioneve t\u00eb lejuara dhe t\u00eb miratuara nga kompania ajrore n\u00eb tablet. Disa kompani ajrore p\u00ebrdorin iPad, disa - pajisje t\u00eb krijuara posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebto q\u00ebllime (t\u00eb dy opsionet kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe disavantazhet e veta). N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e kontrolluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strikte, dhe pilot\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjn\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e tablet\u00ebve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e para. E dyta - na ndalohet t'i lidhim ato me ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb kur jemi n\u00eb aj\u00ebr. Ne (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb time ajrore) nuk mund t\u00eb lidhemi me Wi-Fi t\u00eb bordit pas ngritjes. Nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim as GPS-n\u00eb e integruar n\u00eb iPad. Sapo mbyllim dyert, i kalojm\u00eb tablet\u00ebt n\u00eb modalitetin e fluturimit, dhe nga ky moment nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsi nd\u00ebrhyrjeje n\u00eb funksionimin e tyre. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse dikush n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkel ose nd\u00ebrhyn n\u00eb funksionimin e gjith\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb ajrore, ne do ta v\u00ebrejm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit n\u00eb tok\u00eb. Dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e ekuipazhit n\u00eb aeroport, t\u00eb printojm\u00eb skemat n\u00eb let\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi n\u00eb to gjat\u00eb fluturimit. N\u00ebse ndodh di\u00e7ka me nj\u00eb nga tablet\u00ebt \u2014 kemi nj\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, n\u00ebse t\u00eb dy tablet\u00ebt e kan\u00eb humbur funksionalitetin, ne kemi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nevojshme p\u00ebr fluturim n\u00eb kompjuterin e avionit. Si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, ky \u00e7\u00ebshtje p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb tripl\u00eb mbrojtje p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn detyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Opsionet e mundshme t\u00eb ardhshme jan\u00eb sistemet e kontrollit dhe menaxhimit n\u00eb bord. P\u00ebr shembull, sistemi i navigacionit dhe sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb fluturimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb par\u00eb. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, nuk mund t\u00eb them asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhuesit e tjer\u00eb, vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 737, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin fluturoj vet\u00eb. Dhe n\u00eb rastin e tij, nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e kompjuterizuara \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb navigacionit, e cila p\u00ebrmban, si\u00e7 e tregon emri, informacionin p\u00ebr navigacionin, bazat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes tok\u00ebsore. Ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebsojn\u00eb disa ndryshime. P\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb kompjuterit t\u00eb bordit, t\u00eb kryer nga inxhinieri, mund t\u00eb ngarkohet nj\u00eb skedar i ndryshuar ose i d\u00ebmtuar. Por kjo do t\u00eb shfaqet shpejt, pasi avioni kontrollet vazhdimisht. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, ndonj\u00eb motor d\u00ebshton, ne e shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, sigurisht, nuk fluturojm\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb nga inxhinier\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u00e7do defekt do t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb sinjal paralajm\u00ebrimi q\u00eb disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna ose sinjale nuk p\u00ebrputhen. Avioni kryen vazhdimisht kontrollin e kryq\u00ebzuar t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb ndryshme. Pra, n\u00ebse pas ngritjes rezulton se baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb e papajtueshme ose e d\u00ebmtuar, ne menj\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb informohemi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb metodat tradicionale t\u00eb navigacionit. <\/p>\n

Sistemet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet n\u00eb tok\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nPasqyra e m\u00ebposhtme trajton menaxhimin e trafikut ajror dhe aeroportet. Sh\u00ebrbimet e menaxhimit bazohet n\u00eb tok\u00eb, dhe thyerja e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb se sa thyerja e nj\u00eb avioni q\u00eb fluturon n\u00eb aj\u00ebr. N\u00ebse sulmuesit, p\u00ebr shembull, ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizonin ose ndalonin radar\u00ebt e kull\u00ebs s\u00eb navigacionit, do t\u00eb kishte mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t'u kaluar n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet navigacion procedurial dhe ndarjen procedurale t\u00eb mjeteve ajrore. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces m\u00eb i ngadalt\u00eb p\u00ebr drejtp\u00ebrdrejtimin e avion\u00ebve drejt aeroportit, prandaj n\u00eb porte t\u00eb ngarkuara si Londra ose Los Anxhelos shkakton probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Megjithat\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbimet n\u00eb tok\u00eb ende do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbledhin nga avion\u00ebt nj\u00eb 'stak\u00eb pritjeje' me intervale prej 1000 k\u00ebmb\u00ebsh (rreth 300 metra)<\/i>, dhe nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb fluturake kalon nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, t\u00eb drejtoj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb vjen pas n\u00eb defekt. Nd\u00ebrsa aeroporti do t\u00eb mbushet me mjete procedurale, dhe jo me radar.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nN\u00ebse goditet sistemi i radios, ekziston nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb. Gjithashtu, nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare speciale, deri n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjithashtu mund t\u00eb aksesohesh. Ose avioni mund t\u00eb transferohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr qend\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb trafikut ajror, e cila do t\u00eb kryej\u00eb kontrollin e uljes. Sistemi ka tep\u00ebrsi dhe nyje alternative dhe sisteme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen n\u00ebse nj\u00ebra do t\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn sulm. <\/p>\n

Kjo vlen gjithashtu p\u00ebr aeroportet. N\u00ebse aeroporti sulmohet, dhe sulmuesit \u00e7aktivizojn\u00eb, le t\u00eb themi, sistemin e navigacionit ose ndri\u00e7imin e pist\u00ebs, ose ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb aeroport, ne do ta v\u00ebrejm\u00eb at\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse nuk mund t\u00eb komunikojm\u00eb me ta ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatim mjetet ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb navigacionit, ne do t\u00eb shohim nj\u00eb problem dhe ekranin ton\u00eb kryesor t\u00eb fluturimit do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb flamuj special\u00eb se sistemi i uljes instrumentale nuk funksionon, ose sistemi i navigacionit nuk funksionon, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ne vet\u00ebm do ta nd\u00ebrpresim uljen. Pra, kjo situat\u00eb nuk paraqet ndonj\u00eb rrezik. Sigurisht, ne do t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar, ashtu si ju, duke u gjetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr nga ai ku po fluturojm\u00eb. Sistemi ka mjaft rezerv\u00eb, avioni ka mjaft rezerva karburanti. Dhe n\u00ebse kjo grup haker\u00ebsh nuk sulmon t\u00ebr\u00eb vendin ose rajonin, \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb, jasht\u00ebzakonisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr avion\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr?<\/h3>\n

\nM\u00eb vjen keq, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb m\u00eb vjen n\u00eb mendje n\u00eb lidhje me sulmet e mundshme. Ka pasur nj\u00eb mesazh nga nj\u00eb ekspert kibernetik i FBI-s\u00eb, i cili tha se kishte arritur t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e kontrollit t\u00eb fluturimeve duke p\u00ebrdorur sistemin e arg\u00ebtimit. Sipas tij, ai arriti t\u00eb \"ndikonte\" disi n\u00eb avion (fjal\u00ebt e tij, jo t\u00eb miat), por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar kurr\u00eb, dhe ndaj k\u00ebtij njeriu nuk jan\u00eb ngritur akuzat. Po t\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb v\u00ebrtet k\u00ebt\u00eb (nuk e kuptoj pse dikush do ta b\u00ebnte k\u00ebt\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin avion), do t\u00eb ishin ngritur akuzat p\u00ebr rrezikimin e jet\u00ebve t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. Kjo m\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb mendoj se ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb thashethemnaj\u00eb dhe trillim. Dhe, si\u00e7 kam th\u00ebn\u00eb, sipas prodhuesve, nuk ekziston nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi fizike p\u00ebr t'u lidhur nga sistemi i arg\u00ebtimit n\u00eb bord me sistemin e kontrollit. <\/p>\n

Dhe si\u00e7 kam th\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb fillim, n\u00ebse ne, pilot\u00ebt, do t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgonim se ndonj\u00eb nga sistemet, p\u00ebr shembull, navigacioni, jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb pasakta, do t\u00eb kalonim n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e burimeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 pika referimi n\u00eb tok\u00eb, giroskop\u00eb lazer e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. N\u00ebse sip\u00ebrfaqet e kontrollit nuk p\u00ebrgjigjen, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin 737 ka mund\u00ebsi. Piloti automatik mund t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizohet leht\u00ebsisht, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompjuteri nuk duhet t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb sjelljen e avionit. Edhe n\u00ebse ndodhi nj\u00eb defekt n\u00eb hidraulik\u00eb, avioni ende mund t\u00eb kontrollohet si nj\u00eb Cesna e madhe me ndihm\u00ebn e telave, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur fizikisht me timonin. Pra, gjithmon\u00eb kemi mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar avionin, n\u00ebse struktura e tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, pirateria e avion\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet GPS, kanaleve t\u00eb radios etj. teorikisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, por do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb volum t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm pune, shum\u00eb planifikim, koordinim veprimesh, shum\u00eb pajisje. Dhe mos harroni se var\u00ebsisht nga lart\u00ebsia, avioni l\u00ebviz me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nga 300 deri n\u00eb 850 km\/h.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb dini p\u00ebr vektor\u00ebt e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb sulmit n\u00eb aviacion? Mos harroni t\u00eb ndani mendimet tuaja n\u00eb komente.<\/p>\n

Pak reklam\u00eb \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nFaleminderit q\u00eb po q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqen artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke rekomanduar tek miqt\u00eb tuaj, VPS cloud p\u00ebr zhvillues nga $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, nj\u00eb analog unik i server\u00ebve entry-level q\u00eb e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr Ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb lidhje me VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps nga $19 ose si ta ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd dyfish m\u00eb i lir\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Equinix Tier IV n\u00eb Amsterdam?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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