{"id":55356,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/lytko-obedinyaet"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:28","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:28","slug":"lytko-obedinyaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/lytko-obedinyaet","title":{"rendered":"Lytko bashkon","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pak nj\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, ne ju paraqit\u00ebm termostatin e men\u00e7ur<\/a><\/noindex>. Artikulli aktual \u00ebsht\u00eb menduar fillimisht si nj\u00eb demonstrim i firmware dhe sistemit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb tij. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar logjik\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb termostatit dhe at\u00eb q\u00eb kemi realizuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00ebr\u00eb konceptin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

\"Lytko
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rreth automatizimit<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, gjith\u00eb automatizimi mund t\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb tri kategori:
\nKategoria 1<\/u> \u2014 pajisje \u201ct\u00eb men\u00e7ura\u201d t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Ju bleni llamba, k\u00ebnet\u00eb etj. nga prodhues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Avantazhet: \u00e7do pajisje zgjeron mund\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe rrit komoditetin. Disavantazhet: p\u00ebr \u00e7do prodhues t\u00eb ri nevojitet aplikacioni i tij. Protokollat e pajisjeve nga prodhues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm shpesh nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhshme me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin.<\/p>\n

Kategoria 2<\/u> \u2014 instalimi i nj\u00eb PC me nj\u00eb kartel\u00eb ose i pajtuesh\u00ebm me x86. Kjo e heq kufizimin e fuqis\u00eb procesoru, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb makin\u00eb instalohet MajorDoMo ose \u00e7far\u00ebdo shp\u00ebrndarje serveri tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr menaxhimin e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb inteligjente. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, pajisjet e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb prodhuesve nd\u00ebrlidhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb informacioni t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. K\u00ebshtu, shfaqet nj\u00eb Server p\u00ebr sht\u00ebpin\u00eb inteligjente. Avantazhet: p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria n\u00ebn nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb vetme, e cila ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb zgjeruara p\u00ebr menaxhim. Disavantazhet: n\u00eb rast t\u00eb prishjes\/kolapsit t\u00eb serverit e gjith\u00eb sistemi kthehet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn 1, dmth b\u00ebhet e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, ose b\u00ebhet e pa dobishme.<\/p>\n

Kategoria 3<\/u> \u2014 varianti m\u00eb ekstrem. N\u00eb faz\u00ebn e riparimit parashikohen t\u00eb gjitha komunikimet dhe jan\u00eb dubluar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sistemet. Avantazhet: gjith\u00e7ka d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb ideal dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb sht\u00ebpia b\u00ebhet v\u00ebrtet e men\u00e7ur. Disavantazhet: \u00e7mimi ekstremisht i lart\u00eb krahasuar me kategorit\u00eb 1 dhe 2, nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb parashikuar gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh \u00e7do detaj.<\/p>\n

Shumica e p\u00ebrdoruesve zgjedhin variantin e par\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas kalojn\u00eb ngadal\u00eb n\u00eb variantin e dyt\u00eb. Pastaj, ata m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrush\u00ebm arrijn\u00eb variantin 3. <\/p>\n

Por ekziston nj\u00eb variant, i cili mund t\u00eb quhet sistem i shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb: \u00e7do pajisje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht server dhe klient. N\u00eb thelb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar variantin 1 dhe variantin 2. T\u00eb merren t\u00eb gjitha avantazhet e tyre dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohen disavantazhet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur nj\u00eb mesatare t\u00eb art\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ndoshta dikush do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb variant i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb zhvilluar. Por k\u00ebto zgjidhje jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngushta; p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me programimin. Q\u00ebllimi yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ulim pragun e hyrjes n\u00eb k\u00ebto sisteme t\u00eb distribuuara, si n\u00eb form\u00ebn e pajisjeve p\u00ebrfundimtare, ashtu edhe n\u00eb integrimin e pajisjeve ekzistuese n\u00eb sistemin ton\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin e termostatit, p\u00ebrdoruesi thjesht heq termostatin e tij t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, instalon nj\u00eb t\u00eb zgjuar dhe lidh sensor\u00ebt q\u00eb ka me t\u00eb. Pa asnj\u00eb veprim shtes\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb integrimin n\u00eb sistemin ton\u00eb me nj\u00eb shembull. <\/p>\n

T\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se n\u00eb rrjetin ton\u00eb ka 8 module Sonoff. Disa p\u00ebrdorues do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr menaxhimin p\u00ebrmes sistemit t\u00eb re Sonoff (kategoria 1). Disa do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb firmware t\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe ngadal\u00eb do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb 2. Shumica e firmware-ve t\u00eb treta funksionojn\u00eb sipas nj\u00eb parimi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb: transferimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb serverin MQTT. OpenHub, Majordomo ose \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim tjet\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim \u2013 t\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb pajisjet e shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb informative t\u00eb vetme, e cila ndodhet ose n\u00eb Internet, ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet lokal. Pra, pranimi i nj\u00eb Serveri \u00ebsht\u00eb i detyruesh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu, ndodh problemi kryesor \u2013 n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb Serverit, e gjith\u00eb sistemi ndalon s\u00eb funksionuari autonomisht. P\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb, sistemet komplikohet, metodo t\u00eb dor\u00ebs shtohen, t\u00eb cilat dyfishojn\u00eb automatizimin n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb Serverit. <\/p>\n

Ne shkuam n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, ku \u00e7do pajisje \u00ebsht\u00eb e vet\u00eb-mjaftueshme. K\u00ebshtu, Serveri nuk ka nj\u00eb rol vendimtar, por thjesht zgjeron funksionalitetin.<\/p>\n

Tema e eksperimenteve mendore. Le t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ato 8 module Sonoff dhe t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb firmware-n Lytko. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha firmware-t Lytko \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar funksioni SSDP<\/a><\/noindex>. SSDP \u2013 nj\u00eb protocol rrjetor, i bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup protokolesh t\u00eb Internetit, i cili sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr shpalljen dhe zbulimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve rrjetore. P\u00ebrgjigjja ndaj k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb standarde ose e zgjeruar. Ne kemi p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebrve\u00e7 funksioneve standarde krijimin e nj\u00eb liste t\u00eb pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet. K\u00ebshtu, pajisjet e gjejn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, dhe \u00e7do nj\u00eb prej tyre do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. Shembulli i list\u00ebs SSDP:<\/p>\n

"ssdpList": \n\t{\n\t\t"id": 94967291,  \n\t\t"ip": "192.168.x.x",\n                "type": "termostat"\n\t}, \n\t{\n\t\t"id": 94967282,\n\t\t"ip": "192.168.x.x",\n                "type": "termostat"\n\t}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSi e duket nga shembulli, lista p\u00ebrfshin identifikuesit e pajisjeve, adres\u00ebn IP n\u00eb rrjet, llojin e bllokut (n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u2014 termostati me baz\u00eb Sonoff). Kjo list\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet nj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7do dy minuta (k\u00ebto intervale jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrgjigjur ndaj ndryshimeve dinamike n\u00eb numrin e pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet). K\u00ebshtu, ne ndjekim shtimin, ndryshimin dhe \u00e7aktivizimin e pajisjeve pa ndonj\u00eb veprim nga ana e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Kjo list\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb shfletuesin ose aplikacionin mobil, dhe skripta e formon vet\u00eb faqen me numrin e p\u00ebrcaktuar t\u00eb blloqeve. \u00c7do bllok i p\u00ebrgjigjet nj\u00eb pajisjeje\/sensori\/kontrolluesi. Vizualisht, lista duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n
\"Lytko
\n
\nPor n\u00ebse esp8266\/esp32 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me sensore t\u00eb tjer\u00eb radio p\u00ebrmes cc2530 (ZigBee) ose nrf24 (MySensors)? <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr projektet<\/h3>\n
\nN\u00eb treg ekzistojn\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara. Sistemi yn\u00eb lejon integrimin me sistemet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura. <\/p>\n
M\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb projekte q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb situat\u00ebn me papajtueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb midis prodhuesve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, SLS Gateway<\/a><\/noindex>, MySensors <\/a><\/noindex> ose ZESP32<\/a><\/noindex>. ZigBee2MQTT <\/a><\/noindex> i lidhur me serverin MQTT, prandaj nuk i p\u00ebrshtatet shembullit. <\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb nga opsionet p\u00ebr zbatimin e MySensors \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gateway e bazuar n\u00eb ESP8266. T\u00eb tjerat jan\u00eb mbi ESP32. N\u00eb to mund t\u00eb integrohet principi yn\u00eb p\u00ebr zbulimin dhe krijimin e list\u00ebs s\u00eb pajisjeve. <\/p>\n
Le t\u00eb kryejm\u00eb nj\u00eb eksperiment tjet\u00ebr imagjinues. Kemi nj\u00eb gateway ZESP32 ose SLS Gateway, ose MySensors. Si mund t\u2019i bashkojm\u00eb ata n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb informative t\u00eb vetme? B\u00ebjm\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr funksionet standarde t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre gateway-ve duke shtuar bibliotek\u00ebn e protokollit SSDP. Kur adresohet ky kontrollues p\u00ebrmes SSDP, ai do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen standarde nj\u00eb list\u00eb pajisjesh q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj informacioni, shfletuesi do t\u00eb formoj\u00eb nj\u00eb faqe. N\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, do t\u00eb duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n
\"Lytko
\nNd\u00ebrfaqja Web<\/i><\/p>\n
\"Lytko
\nAplikacioni PWA<\/i><\/p>\n
"ssdpList": \n{\n   "id": 94967291, \/\/ identifikues unik i pajisjes\n   "ip": "192.168.x.x", \/\/ adresa ip n\u00eb rrjet\n   "type": "termostat" \/\/ lloji i pajisjes\n},\n{\n   "id": 94967292,\n   "ip": "192.168.x.x",\n   "type": "termostat"\n},\n{\n   "id": 94967293,\n   "ip": "192.168.x.x",\n   "type": "termostat"\n},\n{  \n   "id": 13587532, \n   "type": "nd\u00ebrrues"  \n},\n{  \n   "id": 98412557, \n   "type": "tym"\n},\n{  \n   "id": 57995113, \n   "type": "sensor_kontakti"\n},\n{  \n   "id": 74123668,\n   "type": "sensor_temperature_lidhje_dhe_t\u00eb_presionit"\n},\n{\n    "id": 74621883, \n    "type": "sensor_temperatur\u00eb_lidhje"\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNga shembulli duket se pajisjet shtohen ndaras nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura 3 termostat\u00eb me adresa IP t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta dhe 5 sensora t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm me identitete unike. N\u00ebse sensori \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin Wi-Fi, ai do t\u00eb ket\u00eb IP-n\u00eb e tij, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me port\u00ebn, at\u00ebher\u00eb adresa IP e pajisjes do t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa IP e port\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr komunikimin me pajisjet p\u00ebrdorim WebSocket. Kjo lejon t\u00eb minimizojm\u00eb kostot e burimeve n\u00eb krahasim me k\u00ebrkesat GET dhe t\u00eb marrim informacion n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dinamike gjat\u00eb lidhjes ose ndryshimit. <\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat merren drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga pajisja e cila i p\u00ebrket bllokut, duke anashkaluar serverin. Si rezultat, n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb prej pajisjeve sistemi vazhdon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen web, thjesht nuk shfaqet pajisja q\u00eb ka humbur nga lista. Por sinjali p\u00ebr humbjen, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, do t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb njoftimi n\u00eb aplikacionin e p\u00ebrdoruesit. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebrpjekja e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb till\u00eb ishte aplikacioni PWA. Kjo lejon ruajtjen e baz\u00ebs s\u00eb bllokut n\u00eb pajisjen e p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe k\u00ebrkimin e vet\u00ebm t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nevojshme. Por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs, ky variant \u00ebsht\u00eb i paplot\u00eb. Dhe zgjidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacion natyral p\u00ebr Android dhe iOS, i cili tani \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim aktiv. Sipas parimit, aplikacioni do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin e brendsh\u00ebm. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, gjith\u00e7ka mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb menaxhim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu, kur p\u00ebrdoruesi largohet nga rrjeti lokal, aplikacioni automatikisht kalon n\u00eb cloud. <\/p>\n
Menaxhimi i jasht\u00ebm \u2014 nj\u00eb kopje e plot\u00eb e faqes. Kur aktivizohet faqja, p\u00ebrdoruesi mund t\u00eb ky\u00e7et n\u00eb server dhe t\u00eb menaxhoj\u00eb pajisjet p\u00ebrmes kabinetit personal. K\u00ebshtu, serveri zgjeron funksionalitetin, duke lejuar menaxhimin e pajisjeve nga jasht\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe pa qen\u00eb i lidhur me p\u00ebrcjelljen e porteve ose IP t\u00eb dedikuar.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebshtu, varianti i p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb i lir\u00eb nga disavantazhet e qasjes serverike dhe ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr avantazhesh n\u00eb form\u00eb fleksibiliteti t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr termostatin<\/h3>\n
\nLe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb sistemin e menaxhimit duke marr\u00eb si shembull termostatin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Parashikohet:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Rregullimi i temperatur\u00ebs p\u00ebr \u00e7do termostat (shfaqet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb blloku t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb);<\/li>\n
  2. Cakto orarin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb termostatit (m\u00ebngjes, dit\u00eb, mbr\u00ebmje, nat\u00eb);<\/li>\n
  3. Zgjedhja e rrjetit Wi-Fi dhe lidhja e pajisjes me t\u00eb;<\/li>\n
  4. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i pajisjes 'n\u00eb aj\u00ebr';<\/li>\n
  5. Cakto MQTT;<\/li>\n
  6. Konfigurimi i rrjetit, t\u00eb cilit i \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur pajisja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n\"Lytko
    \n
    \nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 menaxhimit p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes web, ofrohet edhe ajo tradicionale \u2014 me prekjen e ekranit. N\u00eb bord ndodhet monitori Nextion NX3224T024 prej 2.4 in\u00e7. Zgjedhja ra mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb leht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pun\u00ebs me pajisjen. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim nj\u00eb monitor i ri mbi baz\u00ebn e STM32. Funksionaliteti i tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak m\u00eb i dob\u00ebt se ai i Nextion, por do t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb pozitivisht n\u00eb \u00e7mimin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb pajisjes.<\/p>\n
    \"Lytko
    \n
    \nSi \u00e7do ekran termostati q\u00eb respekton vetveten, Nextion yn\u00eb di:<\/p>\n