{"id":55377,"date":"2020-01-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-18T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-anonsiroval-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-bel"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:29","slug":"pol-grem-anonsiroval-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-bel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/pol-grem-anonsiroval-novyj-yazyk-programmirovaniya-bel","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham shpalli nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb re programimi, Bel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Gjuha Bel \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Bel.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Paul
\nN\u00eb vitin 1960, John McCarthy p\u00ebrshkroi Lisp-in \u2014 nj\u00eb lloj t\u00eb ri gjuhe programimi. Them \u00ablloj t\u00eb ri\u00bb sepse Lisp-i paraqiste jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb re, por nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar gjuh\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar Lisp-in, ai filloi me nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl operator\u00ebsh, nj\u00eb lloj aksionesh, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas i p\u00ebrdori p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar nj\u00eb interpretues p\u00ebr vet\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Ai nuk kishte si q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruante nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi n\u00eb kuptimin e zakonsh\u00ebm \u2014 nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar kompjuterit se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb. N\u00eb punimin e tij t\u00eb vitit 1960, Lisp-i kuptohej si nj\u00eb model formal llogaritjeje i ngjash\u00ebm me makin\u00ebn Turing. McCarthy nuk e kishte menduar p\u00ebrdorimin e saj n\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb derisa Steve Russell, diplomanti i tij, e propozoi k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Lisp-in e vitit 1960 nuk kishte mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt e programimit. P\u00ebr shembull, nuk kishte numra, gabime ose hyrje\/dale. Prandaj, ata q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdornin Lisp-in si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr programimin e kompjuter\u00ebve, duhej t'i shtonin k\u00ebto mund\u00ebsi vet\u00eb. Dhe ata e b\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke hequr dor\u00eb nga qasja aksionomatik.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nK\u00ebshtu, zhvillimi i Lisp ka ecur n\u00eb dy \u2014 dhe, duket, mjaft t\u00eb pavarura \u2014 etapa: nj\u00eb etap\u00eb formale, e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e vitit 1960, dhe nj\u00eb etap\u00eb zbatimi, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjuha u adaptua dhe u zgjerua p\u00ebr t\u00eb funksionuar n\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb. Puna kryesore, n\u00ebse matet me numrin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb realizuara, ndodhi n\u00eb etap\u00ebn e realizimit. Lisp-i i vitit 1960, i p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb Common Lisp, p\u00ebrmban vet\u00ebm 53 rreshta. Ai b\u00ebn vet\u00ebm at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb interpretuar shprehjet. T\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrat e tjera u shtuan gjat\u00eb etap\u00ebs s\u00eb realizimit.<\/p>\n

Hipoteza ime \u00ebsht\u00eb se, megjith\u00ebse historia ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, zhvillimi i Lisp i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb dy faza; se ushtrimi fillestar i p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes shkruarjes s\u00eb interpreterit t\u00eb saj mbi vetveten ia dha Lisp-it cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb mira. Dhe n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, pse t\u00eb mos shkojm\u00eb m\u00eb tej?<\/p>\n

Bel<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur pyetjes: \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh n\u00ebse, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb kaloni nga faza formale n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e zbatimit n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme, e b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb kalim sa m\u00eb von\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur? N\u00ebse vazhdoni t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb qasje aksionomatik deri sa t\u00eb keni di\u00e7ka q\u00eb i ngjan nj\u00eb gjuhe programimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar, cilat aksioma do t'ju nevojiten, dhe si do t\u00eb dukej gjuha e rezultuar?<\/p>\n

Dua t\u00eb sqaroj se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Bel dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebse ka shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr funksionalitete se Lisp-i i McCarthy-t nga vitet 1960, Bel \u00ebsht\u00eb ende nj\u00eb produkt n\u00eb faz\u00ebn formale. Ashtu si Lisp-i i p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb punimin e vitit 1960, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb mund ta p\u00ebrdorni p\u00ebr programim. Kryesisht, sepse, si Lisp-i i McCarthy-t, ajo nuk shqet\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr efikasitetin. Kur un\u00eb shtoj di\u00e7ka n\u00eb Bel, un\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj kuptimin e k\u00ebsaj shtese, pa u p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb ofroj nj\u00eb zbatim efikas.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb? Pse duhet t\u00eb vazhdohet faza formale? Nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrgjigjet \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se ku mund t\u00eb na \u00e7oj\u00eb qasja aksiomatike, e cila vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ushtrim interesant. N\u00ebse kompjuter\u00ebt do t\u00eb ishin aq t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm sa d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb, si do t\u00eb dukeshin gjuh\u00ebt at\u00ebher\u00eb?<\/p>\n

Por besoj gjithashtu se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb shkruhet nj\u00eb implementim efektiv, i bazuar n\u00eb Bel, duke shtuar kufizime. N\u00ebse ju nevojitet nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb me fuqin\u00eb shpreh\u00ebse, qart\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe efikasitetin, ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb filloni me fuqin\u00eb shpreh\u00ebse dhe qart\u00ebsin\u00eb, pastaj t\u00eb shtoni kufizime, sesa t\u00eb l\u00ebvizni n\u00eb drejtimin e kund\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb provoni t\u00eb shkruani nj\u00eb implementim bazuar n\u00eb Bel, ju lutem. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb jem nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, kam riprodhuar disa gj\u00ebra nga dialektet e m\u00ebparshme. Ose dizajnuesit e tyre e b\u00ebn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka drejt, ose duke qen\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikimin e dialekteve q\u00eb kam p\u00ebrdorur m\u00eb par\u00eb, nuk shoh nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb sakt\u00eb \u2014 koha do ta tregoj\u00eb. Kam p\u00ebrpiqur gjithashtu t\u00eb mos largohem shum\u00eb nga marr\u00ebveshjet e pranuara n\u00eb Lisp. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse shihni nj\u00eb devijim nga marr\u00ebveshjet e Lisp, ndoshta ka pasur arsye p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

Vazhdimi i p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n