{"id":55763,"date":"2020-01-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:54","slug":"l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","title":{"rendered":"L1DES (CacheOut) dhe VRS \u2014 vulnere t\u00eb reja n\u00eb strukturat mikroarqitekturore t\u00eb CPU-ve Intel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kompania Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">zbuloi<\/a><\/noindex> informacione mbi dy pik\u00ebdob\u00ebsit\u00eb e reja n\u00eb CPU Intel, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga rrjedhjet e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga cache L1D (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/l1d-eviction-sampling\">CVE-2020-0549<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES \u2014 L1D Eviction Sampling) dhe regjistrave vektor\u00eb (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">CVE-2020-0548<\/a><\/noindex>, VRS \u2014 Vector Register Sampling). Vulnerabilitetet i p\u00ebrkasin klas\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) dhe bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e metodave t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs nga kanalet an\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb strukturat mikroarkitekturore. AMD, ARM dhe procesor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb prekur nga problemet.<\/p>\n<p>Rreziku m\u00eb i madh e paraqet pika e dob\u00ebt L1DES, e cila  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/solutions\/l1d-cache-eviction-and-vector-register-sampling\">lejon<\/a><\/noindex> blloqet e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb keshit (cache line) t\u00eb shkaterrohen nga keshin e nivelit t\u00eb par\u00eb (L1D) n\u00eb tamponin e mbushjes (Fill Buffer), i cili n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb bosh. P\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur n\u00eb tamponin e mbushjes, p\u00ebrdoren metoda analize nga kanalet an\u00ebsore, t\u00eb propozuara m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb sulmet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">TAA<\/a><\/noindex> (Transactional Asynchronous Abort). Fokusi i mbrojtjes s\u00eb m\u00ebparshme nga<br \/>\nMDS dhe TAA ishte pastrimi i tampon\u00ebve mikroarkitekturore p\u00ebrpara ndryshimit t\u00eb kontekstit, por, si\u00e7 u zbulua, n\u00eb disa kushte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat spekulative shlyhen n\u00eb tampon\u00eb pas operacionit t\u00eb pastrimit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb metodat MDS dhe TAA vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb aplikohen.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) dhe VRS - vulnerabilitete t\u00eb reja n\u00eb strukturat mikroarkitekturore t\u00eb CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0a5f61b0703517504135e27e32c762bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, sulmuesi mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat t\u00eb shtyra nga kesh\u2019i i nivelit t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb ishin ndryshuar gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb aplikacionit q\u00eb zinte aktualisht b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e CPU, ose aplikacioneve q\u00eb ekzekutohen paralelisht n\u00eb kanale logjike t\u00eb tjera (hyperthread) n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU (\u00e7aktivizimi i HyperThreading e zvog\u00eblon efektivitetin e sulmit). Ndryshe nga sulmi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES nuk lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhen adresa fizike specifike p\u00ebr verifikim, por ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur pasivisht aktivitetin n\u00eb kanale logjike t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb lidhura me ngarkimin ose ruajtjen n\u00eb memorie t\u00eb vlerave.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb L1DES, disa ekipe k\u00ebrkuesish kan\u00eb zhvilluar disa variante sulmesh, t\u00eb cilat potencialisht lejojn\u00eb nxjerrjen e informacionit konfidencial nga procese t\u00eb tjera, sistemi operativ, makina virtuale dhe enkllava t\u00eb sigurta SGX. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ekipi VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">ka adaptuar<\/a><\/noindex> metod\u00ebn e sulmit RIDL p\u00ebr pik\u00ebn e dob\u00ebt L1DES. E disponueshme <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/verw_bypass_l1des.c\">nj\u00eb prototip eksploiti<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila gjithashtu p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzon metod\u00ebn e propozuar nga Intel p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga MDS, e cila bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e urdhrit VERW p\u00ebr t\u00eb pastruar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e tampon\u00ebve mikroarkitekturore n\u00eb momentin e kthimit nga b\u00ebrthama n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit ose gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb sistemin mik t\u00eb host-it (k\u00ebrkuesit n\u00eb fillim insistuan se VERW (pastrimi i tampon\u00ebve mikroarkitekturore) p\u00ebr mbrojtje ishte e pamjaftueshme dhe k\u00ebrkohej nj\u00eb shlyerje e plot\u00eb e keshit L1 n\u00eb \u00e7do ndryshim konteksti).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ekipa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>  ka p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/zombieload.pdf\">metoda e sulmit<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr llogaritjen e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb dob\u00ebt L1DES.\n<li class=\"l\"> K\u00ebrkuesit nga Universiteti i Michigan zhvilluan metod\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb sulmit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/\">CacheOut<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/CacheOut.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), e cila lejon nxjerrjen e informacionit konfidencial nga b\u00ebrthama e sistemit operativ, makina virtuale dhe enkllava t\u00eb sigurta SGX. Metoda bazohet n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">manipulimet<\/a><\/noindex> me mekanizmin e nd\u00ebrprerjes asinkrone t\u00eb operacioneve (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e tamponit t\u00eb mbushjes pas nj\u00eb rrjedhjeje t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga kesh L1D.\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1580195677.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) dhe VRS - vulnerabilitete t\u00eb reja n\u00eb strukturat mikroarkitekturore t\u00eb CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/68cf9a4cf24206c7d226e0f69b8cad55.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pika e dyt\u00eb e dob\u00ebt VRS (Vector Register Sampling) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">lidhet<\/a><\/noindex> me rrjedhjen n\u00eb tamponin e ruajtjes (Store Buffer) t\u00eb rezultateve t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb leximit nga regjistrat vektor\u00eb, t\u00eb modifikuar gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb instrukcioneve vektoriale (SSE, AVX, AVX-512) n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU. Rrjedhja ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb rrall\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar nga fakti se nj\u00eb operacion spekulativ, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb pasqyrimin e gjendjes s\u00eb regjistrave vektor\u00eb n\u00eb tamponin e ruajtjes, vonohet dhe p\u00ebrfundon pas pastrimit t\u00eb tamponit, e jo para saj. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me pik\u00ebn e dob\u00ebt L1DES, p\u00ebrmbajtja e tamponit t\u00eb ruajtjes mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet m\u00eb pas me metodat e sulmeve MDS dhe TAA.  <\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebrkuesit nga grupi VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">p\u00ebrgatitur<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/vrs.c\">nj\u00eb prototip eksploiti<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e vlerave t\u00eb regjistrave vektor\u00eb, t\u00eb fituara si rezultat i llogaritjeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal logjik tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU. Kompania Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">vler\u00ebsoi<\/a><\/noindex> pik\u00ebn e dob\u00ebt VRS si shum\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sulme reale dhe i dha nj\u00eb nivel minimal rreziku (2.8 CVSS).<\/p>\n<p>Informacioni mbi problemet i ishte d\u00ebrguar Intel n\u00eb maj 2019 nga ekipi Zombieload nga Universiteti Teknik i Grazit (Austria) dhe grupi VUSec nga Universiteti i Lir\u00eb i Amsterdamit, dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb, pas analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb vektor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb aplikimit t\u00eb metod\u00ebs MDS, dob\u00ebsit\u00eb u konfirmuan nga disa k\u00ebrkues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00eb raportin e par\u00eb MDS, informacioni mbi problemet L1DES dhe VRS nuk ishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb rregullimit. Rregullimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm as tani, por afatet e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsis\u00eb jan\u00eb skaduar.<br \/>\nSi nj\u00eb metod\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse an\u00ebsore, rekomandohet \u00e7aktivizimi i HyperThreading. P\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar vulnerabilitetin n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrthamor, sugjerohet t\u00eb pastroni cache-n L1 me \u00e7do kalim konteksti (bita MSR MSR_IA32_FLUSH_CMD) dhe t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizoni zgjerimin TSX (bita MSR MSR_IA32_TSX_CTRL dhe MSR_TSX_FORCE_ABORT).<\/p>\n<p>Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">premton<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim mikroprogrami me mekanizma p\u00ebr bllokimin e problemeve s\u00eb shpejti. Intel gjithashtu thekson se aplikimi i metodave t\u00eb propozuara n\u00eb vitin 2018 p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga sulmi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex> (L1 Terminal Fault) lejon bllokimin e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb vulnerabilitetit L1DES nga mjediset virtuale. Sulmi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/processors-affected-l1d-eviction-sampling\">\u00ebsht\u00eb i ekspozuar<\/a><\/noindex> procesor\u00ebt Intel Core, duke filluar nga brezi i gjasht\u00eb (Sky, Kaby, Coffee, Whiskey, Amber Lake etj.), si dhe disa modele Intel Xeon dhe Xeon Scalable.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mund t\u00eb theksohet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/\">exploita<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb lejon aplikimin e metodave t\u00eb sulmit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e heshit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs kalim root nga \/etc\/shadow gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb periodikes p\u00ebr autentifikim. N\u00ebse n\u00eb fillim, eksploitin e propozuar p\u00ebrcaktonte heshin e fjal\u00ebs kalim p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JXPebaGY8RA\">24 or\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe pas aplikimit t\u00eb rrjedhjes gjat\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjeve asinkrone t\u00eb operacioneve (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) kryente operacionin e ngjash\u00ebm p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zaTxBZXE9pQ\">36 sekonda.<\/a><\/noindex>, at\u00ebher\u00eb varianti i ri kryen sulmin p\u00ebr 4 sekonda.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"4DQAcCfg3b8\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/4DQAcCfg3b8\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Luaj videon\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52260\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430 L1D (CVE-2020-0549, L1DES &#8212; L1D Eviction Sampling) \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 (CVE-2020-0548, VRS &#8212; Vector Register Sampling). \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445. AMD, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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