{"id":75250,"date":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas"},"modified":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","slug":"obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","title":{"rendered":"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Para nj\u00eb jav\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, Douglas McIlroy, zhvilluesi i tubave UNIX dhe autori i konceptit t\u00eb \"programimit t\u00eb orientuar nga komponent\u00ebt\", <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/minnie.tuhs.org\/pipermail\/tuhs\/2020-March\/020664.html\">tregoi<\/a><\/noindex> ndau informacion rreth programeve interesante dhe t\u00eb pazakonta UNIX q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb gjetur p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Publikimi nxit\u00ebn nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb gjall\u00eb n\u00eb Hacker News. Ne mbledh\u00ebm gj\u00ebrat m\u00eb interesante dhe do t\u00eb ishim t\u00eb lumtur n\u00ebse do t\u00eb bashkoheshit n\u00eb diskutim.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/493718\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/718c9fbcd3e2608b4079aa16e0ccf7f7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Foto \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/QmNnZj_Ok-M\">Virginia Johnson<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Puna me tekstin<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb sistemet operuese t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX ka nj\u00eb grup standard t\u00eb mjeteve p\u00ebr formatimin e tekstit. Utilita <b><i>typo<\/i><\/b> lejonte t\u00eb shihnim dokumentin p\u00ebr gabime shtypi dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81\">hapaks<\/a><\/noindex> - fjal\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb material vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb. E habitshme, kjo program p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur gabime shtypi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/man.cat-v.org\/unix-6th\/1\/typo\">nuk p\u00ebrdor<\/a><\/noindex> fjalor\u00eb. Ajo mb\u00ebshtetet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb informacionin n\u00eb skedar dhe kryen nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs n\u00eb tri grupe (sekuenc\u00eb prej tre simboleve). N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb num\u00ebruesit e nevojsh\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/minnie.tuhs.org\/pipermail\/tuhs\/2020-March\/020664.html\">ruhen<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb nj\u00eb array 26x26x26. Sipas fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb Douglas McIlroy, nj\u00eb volum t\u00eb till\u00eb memorie sapo e kishte p\u00ebr disa num\u00ebrues nj\u00eb byte. Prandaj, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, ata u shkruan n\u00eb format logarithmik.<\/p>\n<p>Sot, typo \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga programe m\u00eb moderne dhe t\u00eb sakta t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb shkrimit q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb fjalor\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, mjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb ende n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb \u2014 disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb entuziast <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/robpike\/typo\">prezentoi<\/a><\/noindex> implementoi typo n\u00eb Go. Repository vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mjet p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me dokumentet nga vitet '80 ishte paketa <b><i>Pun\u00ebtori i Shkrimtar\u00ebve<\/i><\/b> nga Lorinda Cherry dhe Nina McDonald nga Bell Labs. Ajo p\u00ebrfshinte <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Writer%27s_Workbench#Package_contents\">mjete p\u00ebr identifikimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb foljes dhe stilit t\u00eb dokumentit, k\u00ebrkimin e tautologjive dhe propozimeve tep\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuara. Utilitat u zhvilluan si ndihm\u00eb p\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ato<\/a><\/noindex> mjetet p\u00ebr identifikimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb flas\u00ebs dhe stilit t\u00eb dokumentit, k\u00ebrkimin e tautologjive dhe propozitave tep\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuara. K\u00ebto vegla jan\u00eb zhvilluar si mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr student\u00ebt, dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2U9mSjT\">u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> student\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Kolorados n\u00eb SHBA. Por deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, u harrua p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebtori i Shkrimtar\u00ebve, sepse nuk u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb Version 7 Unix. Megjithat\u00eb, ky mjet vazhdoi rrug\u00ebn e imitator\u00ebve \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grammatik\">Grammatik<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr IBM PC.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb UNIX ka gjithashtu mjete standarde q\u00eb thjeshtojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn me formula. Ka nj\u00eb preprocessori gjuh\u00ebsor p\u00ebr paraqitjen e shprehjeve matematikore <b><i>eqn<\/i><\/b>. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur sepse p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb formul\u00eb, zhvilluesi duhet ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb at\u00eb me fjal\u00eb dhe simbole t\u00eb thjeshta. Fjal\u00ebt ky\u00e7e lejojn\u00eb zhvendosjen e simboleve matematikore vertikalisht dhe horizontalisht, ndryshimin e madh\u00ebsive dhe parametrave t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse t\u2019i kalosh utilit\u00ebs nj\u00eb varg:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sum from { k = 1 } to N { k sup 2 }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDo t\u00eb gjenerohet formula e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/afa0c33387f077ea8540be7961dd741d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nN\u00eb vitet 1980-1990, eqn <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22582548\">ndihmoi<\/a><\/noindex> specialist\u00ebt IT t\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb manuale p\u00ebr software. Por m\u00eb von\u00eb, ai u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua nga sistemi LaTeX, i cili <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/docs\/help\/posts\/#allowed_tags_formulae\">p\u00ebrdor<\/a><\/noindex> edhe Habr. Por eqn \u00ebsht\u00eb instrumenti i par\u00eb i k\u00ebtij lloji, q\u00eb mbetet pjes\u00eb e OS-ve t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX.<\/p>\n<h2>Puna me skedar\u00ebt<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb tematike, banor\u00ebt e Hacker News theksuan disa mjete t\u00eb rralla t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me skedar\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22583046\">ishte<\/a><\/noindex> <b><i>comm<\/i><\/b> p\u00ebr t\u2019i krahasuar. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb analog i thjesht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diff\">diff<\/a><\/noindex>, i dizajnuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb skriptet. Ajo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/comm\">shkrova<\/a><\/noindex> u krijua nga Richard Stallman s\u00eb bashku me David MacKenzie.<\/p>\n<p>Rezultati i programit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga tre kolona. N\u00eb kolon\u00ebn e par\u00eb jan\u00eb vlerat unike p\u00ebr skedarin e par\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn \u2014 unike p\u00ebr skedarin e dyt\u00eb. Kolona e tret\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin vlerat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar sakt\u00eb, dokumentet q\u00eb krahasohen duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb renditur leksikalisht. Prandaj, nj\u00eb nga banor\u00ebt e platform\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22583686\">propozoi<\/a><\/noindex> duhet t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me utilit\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">comm &lt;(sort fileA.txt) &lt;(sort fileB.txt)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nComm \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar shkrimin e fjal\u00ebve. Mjafton t\u2019i krahasosh ato me nj\u00eb dokument referenc\u00eb-fjalor. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh nuancat q\u00eb lidhen me nevoj\u00ebn e renditjes s\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090402013730\/http:\/apicom.org.ua\/blog\/2009\/02\/16\/komanda-comm\/\">opinion<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb Stallman dhe MacKenzie shkruan utilit\u00ebn e tyre pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdorimi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ad90deb64ab4fd2215cd0c47299102eb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/VB1XqDcp6sc\">Marnix Hogendoorn<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs n\u00eb diskutimin n\u00eb HN <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22583803\">vuri n\u00eb dukje<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e operatorit <i><b>paste<\/b><\/i>, t\u00eb cilat ishin t\u00eb paqarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ai lejon alternimin e burimeve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose ndarjen e nj\u00eb burimi n\u00eb dy kolona gjat\u00eb daljes:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ paste &lt;( echo -e &#039;foonbar&#039; ) &lt;( echo -e &#039;baznqux&#039; )\nfoo     baz\nbar     qux\n$ echo -e &#039;foonbarnbaznqux&#039; | paste - -\nfoo     bar\nbaz     qux\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdoruesit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ycombinator.com\/item?id=22585103\">v\u00ebrejti<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebr kryerjen e k\u00ebtyre operacioneve t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebrdoren zgjidhje jo optimizuara: duke filluar nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fmt\">fmt<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ex_(Unix)\">ex<\/a><\/noindex> dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/johnkerl\/miller\">mlr<\/a><\/noindex> me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsc.ru\/cgi-bin\/www\/unix_help\/unix-man?jot\">jot<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freebsd.org\/cgi\/man.cgi?query=rs&amp;sektion=1&amp;apropos=0&amp;manpath=freebsd\">rs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><i>Cilat mund\u00ebsi standarde t\u00eb sistemeve operuese t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX ishin nj\u00eb zbulim p\u00ebr ju?<\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Rreth \u00e7far\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb blogun ton\u00eb korporativ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/db0656feed61e91b940671b37ab5f985.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/era-arpanet?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=unixtools&amp;utm_content=blog\">Si u zhvillua sistemi i emrave t\u00eb domain: epoka ARPANET<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/63e6e0e03ebc4a3e19021bc3b0d2056b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/pervie-dns-serveri?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=unixtools&amp;utm_content=blog\">Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain-eve: server\u00ebt e par\u00eb DNS<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b6f82ebfbd4f15956665983a173f3918.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/platnie-dns-imena?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=unixtools&amp;utm_content=blog\">Historia e DNS: kur emrat e domainit u b\u00ebn\u00eb me pages\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diskutim: utilitetet standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe i p\u00ebrdorin sot\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a275e20583822938ec87cf580228dce6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/voini-protokolov-dns?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=unixtools&amp;utm_content=blog\">Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domainit: \"luft\u00ebrat\" e protokolleve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/493718\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 UNIX-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Hacker News. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 Virginia Johnson \u2014 Unsplash \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0412 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f 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