{"id":75250,"date":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas"},"modified":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","slug":"obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","title":{"rendered":"Diskutimi: utilitar\u00ebt standarde UNIX q\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz i p\u00ebrdorin dhe i p\u00ebrdorin tani","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00eb jav\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, Douglas McIlroy, zhvilluesi i pipeline UNIX dhe autori i konceptit t\u00eb \"programimit t\u00eb orientuar drejt komponenteve\", narrativ<\/a><\/noindex> foli mbi programet interesante dhe t\u00eb pazakonta UNIX, q\u00eb nuk gjet\u00ebn p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Publikimi \u00e7oi n\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim aktiv n\u00eb Hacker News. Ne kemi mbledhur gj\u00ebrat m\u00eb interesante dhe do t\u00eb ishim t\u00eb lumtur n\u00ebse do t'i bashkoheshit diskutimit.<\/p>\n

\"Diskutimi:<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto - Virginia Johnson<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

Punimi me tekstin<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb sistemet operative t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX ka nj\u00eb grup standard mjetesh p\u00ebr formatimin e tekstit. Utillita typo<\/i><\/b> lejonte t\u00eb shihnit dokumentin p\u00ebr gabime dhe hapaks<\/a><\/noindex> - fjal\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb material vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb. E ve\u00e7anta \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar gabime, programi nuk p\u00ebrdor<\/a><\/noindex> fjalor\u00ebt. Ai mb\u00ebshtetet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb informacionin n\u00eb skedarin dhe kryen nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb frekuence p\u00ebr trigramet (sekuenca prej tre simboleve). Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha num\u00ebrimet e nevojshme ruhen<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb nj\u00eb masiv 26x26x26. Sipas fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb Douglas McIlroy, nj\u00eb kapacitet i till\u00eb memorjeje gati ishte i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr disa num\u00ebruese nj\u00eb-byte. Prandaj, p\u00ebr kursimin, ato shkruheshin n\u00eb form\u00eb logaritmike.<\/p>\n

Sot, typo \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga programe m\u00eb moderne dhe t\u00eb sakta p\u00ebr kontrollin e shkrimit t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb fjalor\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, instrumenti kujtohet akoma - disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb entuziast paraqiti<\/a><\/noindex> implementoi typo n\u00eb Go. Repozita ende p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr instrument p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me dokumentet nga vitet 80 - paketa Puna e Shkrimtarit<\/i><\/b> nga Lorinda Cherry dhe Nina McDonald nga Bell Labs. N\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin mjete p\u00ebr identifikimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs dhe stilit t\u00eb dokumentit, k\u00ebrkimin e tautologjive dhe shprehjeve tep\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara. Utillitat u zhvilluan si ndihm\u00eb p\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ato<\/a><\/noindex> ndihmuan student\u00ebt n\u00eb Universitetin e Kolorados n\u00eb SHBA. Por n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 90, Writer\u2019s Workbench u harua, sepse nuk u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb Version 7 t\u00eb Unix. Megjithat\u00eb, ky instrument vazhdoi rrug\u00ebn e imitator\u00ebve - p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> student\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Kolorados n\u00eb SHBA. Por n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve n\u00ebnt\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, Puna e Shkrimtarit ra n\u00eb harres\u00eb, vet\u00ebm sepse nuk u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb Version 7 Unix. Megjithat\u00eb, ky mjet vazhdoi t\u00eb frym\u00ebzoj\u00eb imituesit \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr IBM PC.<\/a><\/noindex> N\u00eb UNIX gjithashtu ka mjete standarde q\u00eb leht\u00ebsojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn me formulas. Ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpunues t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs p\u00ebr form\u00ebsimin e shprehjeve matematike<\/p>\n

eqn . Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb sepse p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur formul\u00ebn, zhvilluesi duhet ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb at\u00eb me fjal\u00eb dhe simbole t\u00eb thjeshta. Fjal\u00ebt ky\u00e7e lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvendosen simbolet matematikore n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb vertikale dhe horizontale, t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmasat dhe parametra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse i kaloni utilit\u00ebs nj\u00eb varg:<\/i><\/b>. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur p\u00ebr faktin se p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb formul\u00eb, zhvilluesi ka vet\u00ebm nevoj\u00eb ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb at\u00eb me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta dhe simbole. Fjal\u00ebt ky\u00e7e lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb shenjat matematikore t\u00eb zhvendosen vertikalisht dhe horizontalisht, t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb dimensionet dhe parametrat e tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse i kaloni utilitarit nj\u00eb varg:<\/p>\n

shuma nga { k = 1 } deri te N { k sup 2 }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDo t\u00eb gjenerohet formula e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n
\"Diskutimi:<\/p>\n
\nN\u00eb vitet 1980\u20131990 eqn ndihmoi<\/a><\/noindex> specialist\u00ebt IT t\u00eb shkruanin manuale p\u00ebr softuerin. Por m\u00eb von\u00eb u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua nga sistemi LaTeX, i cili p\u00ebrdor<\/a><\/noindex> edhe Habr. Por eqn \u00ebsht\u00eb mjeti i par\u00eb i k\u00ebtij lloji q\u00eb mbetet pjes\u00eb e sistemeve operative t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX.<\/p>\n
Punimi me skedar\u00ebt<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00eb nj\u00eb thread tematik, banor\u00ebt e Hacker News theksuan disa mjete t\u00eb rralla t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me skedar\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre ishte<\/a><\/noindex> comm<\/i><\/b> p\u00ebr krahasimin e tyre. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb analog i thjeshtuar diff<\/a><\/noindex>, i optimizuar p\u00ebr pun\u00eb n\u00eb skriptet. Ai shkroi<\/a><\/noindex> vet\u00eb Richard Stallman me David MacKenzie.<\/p>\n
Dalja nga programi p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga tri kolona. N\u00eb kolon\u00ebn e par\u00eb shkojn\u00eb vlerat, unike p\u00ebr skedarin e par\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn \u2014 unike p\u00ebr skedarin e dyt\u00eb. Kolona e tret\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin vlerat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. P\u00ebr funksionimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb comm, dokumentet e krahasuara duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb renditura leksikalisht. Prandaj, nj\u00eb prej banor\u00ebve t\u00eb platform\u00ebs propozoi<\/a><\/noindex> duhet ta p\u00ebrdor\u00eb mjetin n\u00eb form\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n
comm <(sort fileA.txt) <(sort fileB.txt)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nComm \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr kontrollimin e drejtshkrimit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve. Mjafton t\u00eb krahasosh ato me nj\u00eb dokument referenc\u00eb- fjalor. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh holl\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb lidhen me nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb renditur skedar\u00ebt, ka m\u00ebnyr\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb Stallman dhe MacKenzie e krijuan mjetin e tyre vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdorimi.<\/p>\n
\"Diskutimi:
\nFoto - Marnix Hogendoorn<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n
Gjithashtu pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs n\u00eb diskutim n\u00eb HN theksoi<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e operatorit paste<\/b><\/i>, t\u00eb cilat nuk ishin t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ai lejon alternimin e rrjedhave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave apo ndarjen e nj\u00eb rrjedhe n\u00eb dy kolona gjat\u00eb daljes:<\/p>\n
$ paste <( echo -e 'foonbar' ) <( echo -e 'baznqux' )\nfoo     baz\nbar     qux\n$ echo -e 'foonbarnbaznqux' | paste - -\nfoo     bar\nbaz     qux\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdoruesit v\u00ebrejta<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebto operacione t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebrdoren zgjidhje jo t\u00eb optimizuara: duke filluar me fmt<\/a><\/noindex>, ex<\/a><\/noindex> dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me mlr<\/a><\/noindex> me jot<\/a><\/noindex> dhe rs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Cilat mund\u00ebsi standarde t\u00eb sistemeve operative t\u00eb ngjashme me UNIX ishin nj\u00eb zbulim p\u00ebr ju?<\/i><\/p>\n
P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb blogun ton\u00eb korporativ:<\/b><\/p>\n
\"Diskutimi: Si u zhvillua sistemi i emrave t\u00eb domeneve: epoka ARPANET<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Diskutimi: Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain-it: serverat e par\u00eb DNS<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Diskutimi: Historia e DNS: kur emrat e domeve u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb paguesh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Diskutimi: Historia e sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domeve: \u2018luft\u00ebrat\u2019 e protokolleve<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 UNIX-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 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