{"id":76903,"date":"2020-04-06T01:42:17","date_gmt":"2020-04-05T23:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samye-zamechatelnye-programmy-unix"},"modified":"2020-04-06T01:42:17","modified_gmt":"2020-04-05T23:42:17","slug":"samye-zamechatelnye-programmy-unix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samye-zamechatelnye-programmy-unix","title":{"rendered":"Programet m\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse Unix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Autori i artikullit Douglas MacIlroy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb matematicien, inxhinier dhe programues amerikan. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i njohur p\u00ebr zhvillimin e pipeline-s\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin operativ Unix, parimet e programimit t\u00eb orientuar nga komponent\u00ebt dhe disa utilitete origjinale: spell, diff, sort, join, speak, tr.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ju ndodhin v\u00ebrtet programe t\u00eb mrekullueshme. Duke k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn time, kam p\u00ebrpiluar nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb perlash t\u00eb Unix-it gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb viteve. Kryesisht, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb programe t\u00eb rralla dhe jo aq t\u00eb nevojshme. Por ajo q\u00eb i dallon \u00ebsht\u00eb origjinaliteti. As q\u00eb mund t\u00eb imagjinoj se si do t\u00eb m\u00eb kishte ardhur mendja p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb prej tyre.<\/p>\n

Ndani, cilat programe ju kan\u00eb impresionuar po aq?<\/p>\n

PDP-7 Unix<\/h1>\n

\nP\u00ebr fillim, sistemi vet\u00eb PDP-7 Unix. Thjesht\u00ebsia dhe fuqia e saj m\u00eb detyruan t\u00eb kaloj nga nj\u00eb mainframe t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi i sistemit hierarkik t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, nj\u00eb maske e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe menaxhimi i proceseve n\u00eb nivel p\u00ebrdoruesi, q\u00eb Multics n\u00eb mainframe nuk arriti ta realizoj\u00eb pas qindra viteve zhvillimi. Dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e Unix-it (si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb struktura e regjistrave n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve) ishin po aq m\u00ebsuese dhe \u00e7liruese sa edhe novacionet e saj (si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb redirektimi i hyrjes dhe daljes n\u00eb shell).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

dc<\/h1>\n

\nBiblioteka matematikore p\u00ebr kalkulatorin desktop me sakt\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshueshme t\u00eb Robert Morris p\u00ebrdorte analiza e gabimeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nevojshme n\u00eb \u00e7do hap p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e caktuar nga p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb rezultatit. N\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn NATO p\u00ebr inxhinierin\u00eb e softeuerve n\u00eb vitin 1968, n\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebn time mbi komponent\u00ebt e softeve, propozuam procedurat standarde q\u00eb mund t\u00eb japin \u00e7do sakt\u00ebsi t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar, por nuk e dija si t'i realizoja ato n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. dc vazhdon t\u00eb mbetet programi i vet\u00ebm q\u00eb njoh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

typo<\/h1>\n

\nTypo radhit fjal\u00ebt n\u00eb tekst sipas af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre me tekstin tjet\u00ebr. Gabimet si 'hte' priren t\u00eb renditen n\u00eb fund t\u00eb list\u00ebs. Robert Morris me krenari tha se programi do t\u00eb funksiononte po aq mir\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do gjuh\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebse typo nuk ndihmon n\u00eb gjetjen e gabimeve fonetike, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do njeri q\u00eb shkruan, dhe ka sjell\u00eb shum\u00eb dobi para se t\u00eb shfaqej nj\u00eb kontroll m\u00eb pak interesant, por m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr ortografin\u00eb sipas fjalorit.<\/p>\n

Typpo \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e papritur brenda sa dhe jasht\u00eb. Algoritmi i matjes s\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebris\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e shfaqjes s\u00eb trigram\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat llogariten n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ift 26\u00d726\u00d726. N\u00eb nj\u00eb memorie t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, kishte v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr numrat nj\u00eb-byte, prandaj u realizua nj\u00eb skem\u00eb p\u00ebr kompresimin e numrave t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb numra t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur mbingarkes\u00ebn, numrat u p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuan n\u00eb baz\u00eb probabilistike, duke mbajtur nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim logaritmik t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb numrit.<\/p>\n

. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb sepse p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur formul\u00ebn, zhvilluesi duhet ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb at\u00eb me fjal\u00eb dhe simbole t\u00eb thjeshta. Fjal\u00ebt ky\u00e7e lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhvendosen simbolet matematikore n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb vertikale dhe horizontale, t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmasat dhe parametra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse i kaloni utilit\u00ebs nj\u00eb varg:<\/h1>\n

\nMe shfaqjen e fotonabave u b\u00eb e mundur, por ishte jasht\u00ebzakonisht e lodhshme t\u00eb shprehej notacioni matematikor klasik. Lorinda Cherry vendosi t\u00eb zhvillonte nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi me nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, dhe s\u00eb shpejti iu bashkua Brian Kernighan. Hapi i tyre i shk\u00eblqyer ishte t\u00eb shpreheshin traditat gojore n\u00eb form\u00eb shkruese, prandaj eqn doli t\u00eb ishte befasuesh\u00ebm i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u m\u00ebsuar. I pari i llojit t\u00eb tij, preprocessori i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb shprehjeve matematikore, eqn ka mbetur pothuajse pa p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

struktur\u00eb<\/h1>\n

\nBrenda Baker filloi t\u00eb zhvillonte konvertorin e saj Fortan-to-Ratfor pavar\u00ebsisht nga k\u00ebshillat e shefit t\u00eb saj \u2014 mua. Mendova se kjo mund t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb nj\u00eb riorganizim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb tekstit t\u00eb burimit. Ai do t\u00eb ishte i lir\u00eb nga numrat e operator\u00ebve, por p\u00ebrndryshe nuk do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb i lexuesh\u00ebm se kodi i strukturuar mir\u00eb Fortran. Brenda e provoi se isha gabim. Ajo zbuloi se \u00e7do program Fortran kishte nj\u00eb form\u00eb kanonike t\u00eb strukturuar. Programmers preferonin form\u00ebn kanonike, sesa at\u00eb q\u00eb kishin shkruar fillimisht.<\/p>\n

pascal<\/h1>\n

\nDiagnoza e sintaks\u00ebs n\u00eb kompilatorin e zhvilluar nga grupi i Sue Graham n\u00eb Berkeley ishte m\u00eb e dobishmja q\u00eb kam par\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \u2014 dhe kjo u realizua automatikisht. Kur ndodhte nj\u00eb gabim sintaksor, kompileri sugjeronte t\u00eb shtonte nj\u00eb leks\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar analiz\u00ebn sintaksore. Asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar se \u00e7far\u00eb ishte e gabuar. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb kompilator m\u00ebsova Pascal brenda nj\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjeje, pa pasur ndonj\u00eb manual n\u00eb dor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

pjes\u00ebt<\/h1>\n

\nNj\u00eb modul i fshehur brenda paket\u00ebs WWB (Writer's Workbench) pjes\u00ebt<\/code> Lorinda Cherry defines the parts of speech for words in English texts based solely on a small dictionary, spelling rules, and grammar. Based on this annotation, the WWB program produces stylometric indicators of the text, such as the predominance of adjectives, subordinate clauses, and complex sentences. When Lorinda gave an interview on the Today show on NBC and spoke about the innovative grammar checking in WWB texts, it was the first mention of Unix on television.<\/p>\n

egrep<\/h1>\n

\nAl Aho hoped that his deterministic regular expression recognizer would outperform Ken's classic nondeterministic recognizer. Unfortunately, the latter was already completing its pass over complex regular expressions while egrep<\/code> building his deterministic automaton. To win this race, Al Aho circumvented the curse of exponential growth of the automaton state table by inventing a way to construct only the entries in the table that are actually visited during recognition, on-the-fly.<\/p>\n

crabs<\/h1>\n

\nThe charming meta-program by Luca Cardelli for the Blit window system would produce virtual crabs that roamed the empty space of the screen, increasingly nibbling at the edges of active windows.<\/p>\n

Some common thoughts<\/h1>\n

\nAlthough not visible from the outside, theory and algorithms played a crucial role in the creation of most of these programs: typo, dc, struct, pascal, egrep. What is most surprising is the unusual application of theory.<\/p>\n

The original authors of nearly half of the list\u2014pascal, struct, parts, eqn\u2014were women, which significantly surpasses the demographic share of women in the field of computer science.<\/p>\n

Douglas McIlroy
\nMarch 2020<\/i>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u2014 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Unix, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442: spell, diff, sort, join, speak, tr. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043c\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d Unix \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Most Remarkable Unix Programs | ProHoster","description":"The article's author Douglas McIlroy is an American mathematician, engineer, and programmer.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samye-zamechatelnye-programmy-unix","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b Unix | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samye-zamechatelnye-programmy-unix","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-04-05T23:42:17+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-04-05T23:42:17+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"76903","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 17:27:23","updated":"2022-10-08 06:55:30","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76903"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76903\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}