{"id":80085,"date":"2020-05-03T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2020-05-02T23:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/borba-za-millisekundy-kak-vybrat-server-s-naimenshim-pingom"},"modified":"2020-05-03T01:42:41","modified_gmt":"2020-05-02T23:42:41","slug":"borba-za-millisekundy-kak-vybrat-server-s-naimenshim-pingom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/borba-za-millisekundy-kak-vybrat-server-s-naimenshim-pingom","title":{"rendered":"Lufta p\u00ebr milisekonda. Si t\u00eb zgjidhni nj\u00eb server me pingun m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebr shum\u00eb detyra, vonesat midis klientit dhe serverit jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore, si n\u00eb lojrat online, konferenca video\/z\u00ebri, telefonin\u00eb IP, VPN, etj. N\u00ebse serveri \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i larg\u00ebt nga klienti n\u00eb nivelin e rrjetit IP, at\u00ebher\u00eb vonesat (n\u00eb popull si 'ping', 'lag') do t\u00eb pengojn\u00eb funksionimin. <\/p>\n

Af\u00ebrsia gjeografike e serverit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me af\u00ebrsin\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e rrjetit IP. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb server n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb 'm\u00eb af\u00ebr' jush se nj\u00eb server n\u00eb qytetin tuaj. E gjith\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimit dhe nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjeteve.<\/p>\n

\"Lufta<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb zgjidhni nj\u00eb server sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb klient\u00ebve potencial\u00eb? \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebria e rrjeteve IP? Si ta drejtoni klientin n\u00eb serverin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt? Do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Masojm\u00eb vonesat<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb masim vonesat. Kjo detyr\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e thjesht\u00eb sa mund t\u00eb duket, sepse p\u00ebr protokolle dhe madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme paketi, vonesat mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb. Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb mos e vini re fenomenet e p\u00ebrkohshme, p\u00ebr shembull, humbjet me gjat\u00ebsi disa milisekondash. <\/p>\n

ICMP \u2014 ping i zakonsh\u00ebm<\/h2>\n

\nDo t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim utilitarin ping t\u00eb UNIX-it, i cili lejon t\u00eb vendosim manualisht intervalet midis d\u00ebrgesave t\u00eb pakove, gj\u00eb q\u00eb versioni ping p\u00ebr Windows nuk e b\u00ebn. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, sepse n\u00ebse pushimet midis pakove jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjata, mund t\u00eb mos shohim se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh nd\u00ebrmjet tyre. <\/p>\n

Madh\u00ebsia e paket\u00ebs<\/b> (opsioni -s) \u2014 me default, utilitari ping d\u00ebrgon paketa me madh\u00ebsi 64 byte. Me k\u00ebto paketa kaq t\u00eb vogla, fenomenet q\u00eb shfaqen me paketa m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mund t\u00eb mos vihen re, ndaj ne do t\u00eb vendosim madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e paket\u00ebs n\u00eb 1300 byte. <\/p>\n

Intervali mes paketave<\/b> (opsioni -i) \u2014 koha midis d\u00ebrgesave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Me default, paketat d\u00ebrgohen nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e gjat\u00eb; programet reale d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb qindra e mij\u00ebra paketa n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, ndaj do t\u00eb vendosim intervalin n\u00eb 0.1 sekond\u00eb. M\u00eb pak thjesht nuk e lejon programi.<\/p>\n

Si rezultat, komanda duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

ping -s 1300 -i 0.1 yandex.ru\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNj\u00eb struktur\u00eb e till\u00eb lejon t\u00eb shohim nj\u00eb pamje m\u00eb realiste t\u00eb vonesave.<\/p>\n
Ping me UDP dhe TCP<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00eb disa raste, lidhjet TCP p\u00ebrpunohen ndryshe nga paketat ICMP, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye matjet mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb protokollit. Gjithashtu, shpesh ndodh q\u00eb hosti thjesht nuk p\u00ebrgjigjet n\u00eb ICMP, dhe ping-u normal nuk funksionon. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr shembull, hosti e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs. microsoft.com<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Utilitari nping<\/a><\/noindex> nga zhvilluesit e skanerit t\u00eb njohur nmap, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb \u00e7do paket\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb matur vonesat. 
\nDuke matur se UDP dhe TCP funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb porte t\u00eb caktuara, ne duhet t\u00eb \"pingojm\u00eb\" nj\u00eb port specifik. Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb TCP 80, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb porta e serverit web:<\/p>\n
$ sudo nping --tcp -p 80 --delay 0.1 -c 0 microsoft.com\n\nDuke Nping 0.7.80 ( https:\/\/nmap.org\/nping ) m\u00eb 2020-04-30 13:07 MSK\nD\u00ebrguar (0.0078s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40  seq=3401731188 win=1480\nD\u00ebrguar (0.1099s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40  seq=3401731188 win=1480\nPranuar (0.2068s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44  seq=1480267007 win=64240 \nD\u00ebrguar (0.2107s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40  seq=3401731188 win=1480\nPranuar (0.3046s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44  seq=1480267007 win=64240 \nD\u00ebrguar (0.3122s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40  seq=3401731188 win=1480\nPranuar (0.4247s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=42 id=0 iplen=44  seq=2876862274 win=64240 \n\nRtt maksimale: 112.572ms | Rtt minimale: 93.866ms | Rtt mesatare: 101.093ms\nPaketat e d\u00ebrguara: 4 (160B) | Pranuar: 3 (132B) | Humbur: 1 (25.00%)\nNping p\u00ebrfunduar: 1 adres\u00eb IP e ping-uar n\u00eb 0.43 sekonda\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb parazgjedhur, nping d\u00ebrgon 4 paketa dhe ndalon. Opsioni -c 0<\/b> aktivizon d\u00ebrgimin e pafund t\u00eb paketimeve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar programin, duhet t\u00eb shtypni Ctrl+C. N\u00eb fund do t\u00eb shfaqen statistikat. Shohim q\u00eb vlera mesatare e rtt (koha e kthimit) \u00ebsht\u00eb 101ms.<\/p>\n
MTR \u2014 traceroute i fuqish\u00ebm<\/h2>\n
\nProgrami MTR<\/a><\/noindex> (angl. My Traceroute) \u2014 nj\u00eb mjet i avancuar p\u00ebr gjurmimin e rrug\u00ebve deri te nj\u00eb host t\u00eb larg\u00ebt. N\u00eb ndryshim nga mjeti i zakonsh\u00ebm sistematik traceroute (n\u00eb Windows kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb utilita tracert), ai tregon vonesat deri te \u00e7do host n\u00eb zinxhirin e paketave. Ai gjithashtu mund t\u00eb gjurmoj\u00eb rrug\u00ebt jo vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ICMP, por edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet UDP dhe TCP.<\/p>\n
$ sudo mtr microsoft.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\"Lufta<\/a><\/noindex>
\n(Klikohet) Nd\u00ebrfaqja e programit MTR. \u00cbsht\u00eb duke u gjurmuar rruga deri te microsoft.com <\/p>\n
MTR menj\u00ebher\u00eb tregon ping-un deri te \u00e7do host n\u00eb zinxhir, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohen vazhdimisht gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs q\u00eb programa \u00ebsht\u00eb e hapur duke lejuar t\u00eb shikohet ndryshimet e p\u00ebrkohshme. 
\nN\u00eb screenshot shihet se te nyja nr. 6 ka humbje paketash, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, sepse disa routera mund t\u00eb hedhin thjesht paketat me TTL t\u00eb skaduar dhe t\u00eb mos kthejn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje me gabim, ndaj t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr humbjet e paketave k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb injorohen. <\/p>\n
WiFi kund\u00ebr kabllit<\/h2>\n
\n\"Lufta
\nKy tem\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrket sakt\u00ebsisht artikullit, por sipas mendimit tim \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb kontekstin e vonesave. Un\u00eb e dua shum\u00eb WiFi, por n\u00ebse kam edhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me internetin p\u00ebrmes kabllit, un\u00eb do ta shfryt\u00ebzoj at\u00eb. Gjithashtu, gjithmon\u00eb i k\u00ebshilloj njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrdorin kamera WiFi. 
\nN\u00ebse luani loj\u00ebra t\u00eb serioze online, transmetoni video, tregtoni n\u00eb burs\u00eb: ju lutem, p\u00ebrdorni internetin p\u00ebrmes kabllit. <\/p>\n
Ja nj\u00eb test vizual p\u00ebr t\u00eb krahasuar WiFi-n dhe lidhjen me kabllo. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb ping deri tek router-i WiFi, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb interneti.<\/p>\n
\"Lufta<\/a><\/noindex>
\n(Klikohet) Krahasimi i pingut deri tek router-i WiFi p\u00ebrmes kabllit dhe p\u00ebrmes WiFi-it<\/p>\n
Duket se p\u00ebrmes WiFi-it, vonesat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me 1ms dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ka paketa me vonesa deri n\u00eb dhjet\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta! Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr kohe. Megjithat\u00eb, po i nj\u00ebjti router jep vonesa t\u00eb stabilizuara <1ms. <\/p>\n
N\u00eb shembullin m\u00eb sip\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoret WiFi 802.11n n\u00eb 2.4GHz, ku vet\u00ebm laptopi dhe telefoni jan\u00eb lidhur me pik\u00ebn e qasjes p\u00ebrmes WiFi. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb klient\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e qasjes, rezultatet do t\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija. Prandaj, un\u00eb mendoj se kalimi i t\u00eb gjitha kompjuter\u00ebve n\u00eb zyr\u00eb n\u00eb WiFi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide e keqe, n\u00ebse ka mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t'i lidhur ata me kabllo. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria IP<\/h2>\n
\nPra, kemi m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb masim vonesat deri tek serveri, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb serverin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me ne. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shohim se si \u00ebsht\u00eb rregulluar drejtimi nga ana e ofruesit ton\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim sh\u00ebrbimin bgp.he.net<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
\"Lufta
\n
\nKur hyni n\u00eb faqen e internetit kuptojm\u00eb se adresa jon\u00eb IP i p\u00ebrket sistemit autonom AS42610<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
Duke shikojm\u00eb grafikun e lidhjes s\u00eb sistemeve autonome, mund t\u00eb shohim p\u00ebrmes cil\u00ebve ofrues t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur ofruesi yn\u00eb me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. \u00c7do pik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb klikuese, mund t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb lexojm\u00eb se kush \u00ebsht\u00eb ky ofrues. <\/p>\n
\"Lufta
\nGrafiku i lidhjes s\u00eb sistemeve autonome t\u00eb ofruesit<\/p>\n
Duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb mjet, mund t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb si jan\u00eb organizuar kanalet e \u00e7do ofruesi, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe hostimin. Shihni p\u00ebr cil\u00ebt ofrues \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shkruani n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim bgp.he.net IP-adres\u00ebn e serverit dhe t\u00eb shihni grafikun e sistemit t\u00eb tij autonom. Gjithashtu, mund t\u00eb kuptoni si nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash apo ofrues hostimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Shumica e pikave t\u00eb exchange t\u00eb trafikut ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, t\u00eb quajtur, looking glass, q\u00eb mund\u00ebson realizimin e ping dhe traceroute nga nj\u00eb router specifik n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e exchange. <\/p>\n
Ja, p\u00ebr shembull, looking glass<\/a><\/noindex> nga MGTS <\/p>\n
K\u00ebshtu, duke zgjedhur nj\u00eb server, mund t\u00eb shohim paraprakisht si do t\u00eb duket nga pika t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb exchange t\u00eb trafikut. Dhe n\u00ebse klient\u00ebt tan\u00eb potencial\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb gjeografike specifike, mund t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb lokacion optimal p\u00ebr serverin. <\/p>\n
Zgjidhni serverin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt<\/h2>\n
\nVendos\u00ebm t\u00eb thjeshtojm\u00eb procedur\u00ebn e gjetjes s\u00eb serverit optimal p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt tan\u00eb dhe krijuam nj\u00eb faqe me nj\u00eb test automatik p\u00ebr lokacionet m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta: qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave RUVDS<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nKur hyni n\u00eb faqe, skripti mat vonesat nga shfletuesi juaj deri te \u00e7do server dhe i tregon ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb hart\u00eb me nd\u00ebrveprim. Duke klikuar mbi qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, shfaqet informacioni me rezultatet e testeve.<\/p>\n
\"Lufta
\n
\n\"Lufta<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Butoni \u00e7on n\u00eb faqen e testit t\u00eb vonesave deri te t\u00eb gjitha qendrat tona t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb rezultatet e testimit, klikoni mbi pik\u00ebn e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb hart\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\"Lufta<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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