{"id":80630,"date":"2020-05-07T13:43:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T11:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-o-pervom-paraliche-interneta-proklyatie-signala-zanyato"},"modified":"2020-05-07T13:43:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T11:43:03","slug":"istoriya-o-pervom-paraliche-interneta-proklyatie-signala-zanyato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/istoriya-o-pervom-paraliche-interneta-proklyatie-signala-zanyato","title":{"rendered":"Historia e paraliz\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Internetit: mallkimi i sinjalit \"i z\u00ebn\u00eb\"","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Historia
\nShum\u00eb nga ofruesit e par\u00eb t\u00eb Internetit, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb AOL, nuk ishin t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ofronin akses t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve 90. Ky gjendje vazhdoi derisa u shfaq nj\u00eb shkel\u00ebs i papritur: AT&T.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kohet e fundit, n\u00eb kontekstin e Internetit, po diskutohet shum\u00eb p\u00ebr \"ngushticat\" e tij. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb than\u00eb logjike, sepse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb tani po q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, duke u p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb lidhen me Zoom<\/a><\/noindex> nga nj\u00eb modem kabllor 12-vje\u00e7ar. Deri tani, pavar\u00ebsisht nga dyshimet e shumta nga autoritetet dhe shoq\u00ebria, Internet-i mban mjaft mir\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb kushtet e epidemis\u00eb COVID-19. Megjithat\u00eb, problemi real \u00ebsht\u00eb aksesin. Rajonet rurale jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr aksesin e mjer\u00eb n\u00eb Internet, p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrballen me DSL me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt ose akses satelitor.<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb moszbatimit t\u00eb ligjit, q\u00eb nuk e plot\u00ebsoi k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Por sot do t\u00eb d\u00ebshiroja t\u00eb kthehesha pak mbrapa dhe t\u00eb diskutoja periudh\u00ebn kur Interneti p\u00ebrjetoi probleme nga ofruesit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr sfidat q\u00eb u p\u00ebrball Interneti kur aksesimi me dial-up filloi t\u00eb popullohej gjer\u00ebsisht. \"Vazhdoni t\u00eb lidhni, p\u00ebr her\u00eb do t\u00eb keni sukses n\u00eb lidhje.\"
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nLe t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb reklam\u00eb: nj\u00eb njeri shkon n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e nj\u00eb shoku p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gati t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb bejsboll, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e pranon se ai vet\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb. Pse erdhi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb? Kjo reklam\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim logjik.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dita kur AOL hapi portat e Internetit<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebrdoruesit e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb Internetit prej koh\u00ebsh kishin dyshime n\u00eb lidhje me America Online p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb saj. Nuk ishte Interneti \"i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\" \u2014 kompania nuk e detyronte p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin nj\u00eb lidhje. di\u00e7ka si Trumpet Winsock<\/a><\/noindex> ose terminal; ajo ofronte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe miq\u00ebsore, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb kontrolin n\u00eb duar. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh kultur\u00ebn e mjesht\u00ebrive teknologjike q\u00eb krijoi Internetin, ky model ishte nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim i leht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pasi kaluan dekadat, rrjetet sociale t\u00eb m\u00ebdha do t\u00eb ngjajn\u00eb shum\u00eb me AOL, por ofruesit do t\u00eb jen\u00eb krejt t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Dhe shum\u00eb prej k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendimi historik q\u00eb AOL mori m\u00eb 1 dhjetor 1996. N\u00eb at\u00eb dit\u00eb, kompania p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb ofroi qasje t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e saj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb fikse.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb par\u00eb, kompania kishte ofruar tarifa t\u00eb ndryshme, m\u00eb e popullarizuara prej t\u00eb cilave ishin 20 or\u00eb n\u00eb muaj dhe 3 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do or\u00eb shtes\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb muaj para se t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb fuqi tarifa e re, AOL njoftoi se duke paguar 19,99 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndronin online sa t\u00eb donin. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kompania do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb e aksesit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb punonin p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb shfletuesi t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb uebit, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin shfletuesin e integruar t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit. Si vuri n\u00eb dukje at\u00ebher\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> kolumnisti Chicago Tribune<\/em> James Coats, kjo ndryshim gjithashtu do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Windows 95, duke e transformuar kompanin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ofrues sh\u00ebrbimesh interneti 32-bit\u00ebsh me nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb fikse prej 20 dollar\u00ebsh n\u00eb muaj. (P\u00ebrdoruesit mund t\u00eb lironin m\u00eb n\u00eb fund veten nga tmerri i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb programeve t\u00eb shfletimit t\u00eb internetit p\u00ebr Windows 3.1!)<\/p>\n

Por kjo zgjidhje u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb pendulum q\u00eb l\u00ebvizte n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt. Gjat\u00eb disa muajve pas hyrjes n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb tarif\u00ebs, qasja n\u00eb rrjetin AOL ishte pothuajse e pamundur \u2014 linjat ishin vazhdimisht t\u00eb z\u00ebna. Disa njer\u00ebz p\u00ebrpiqeshin ta zgjidhnin problemin duke bler\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb telefoni t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ajo t\u00eb ishte vazhdimisht e z\u00ebn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mos duhej t\u00eb riapelohej. Rishqiptimi ishte nj\u00eb tortur\u00eb. P\u00ebrdoruesi ishte pran\u00eb nj\u00eb deti digjital masiv, por duhej t\u00eb arrinte ta kontaktonte.<\/p>\n

\"Historia
\nProblemi u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsua edhe nga fakti se n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve 1990, AOL shp\u00ebrndau nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe disqesh n\u00eb mesin e p\u00ebrdoruesve. (Foto: monkerino\/Flickr<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, mbeti m\u00eb pak evidente se sa e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ishte ky ndryshim p\u00ebr modelin e biznesit t\u00eb AOL. Nj\u00eb her\u00eb, furnizuesi m\u00eb i madh i internetit n\u00eb bot\u00eb hapi qasje t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb internetin dhe u largua nga modeli i tij i biznesit gati t\u00eb gjith\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb i ngjante \"karot\u00ebs\", me t\u00eb cilin shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime online vepronin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Derisa n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, sh\u00ebrbimet online si AOL, s\u00eb bashku me paraardh\u00ebsit e saj si CompuServe<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Prodigy<\/a><\/noindex>, kishin modele \u00e7mimi q\u00eb bazoheshin n\u00eb sasin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura; me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, ato b\u00ebheshin m\u00eb pak<\/em>, e jo m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta. E ve\u00e7anta \u00ebsht\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb trash\u00ebguan strategjin\u00eb e \u00e7mimeve nga bordin e shpalljeve elektronike dhe platformat e aksesit dixhital, p\u00ebr shembull, nga sh\u00ebrbimi informativ online Dow Jones<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb merrnin p\u00ebrve\u00e7<\/i> pages\u00ebs mujore edhe nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00eb. Ky model nuk ishte shum\u00eb miq\u00ebsor p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt dhe vendoste nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb nivel t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb internetit q\u00eb ne e kemi tani.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, kishte edhe ngushtica t\u00eb tjera. Modemet ishin t\u00eb ngadalta nga t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e ekuacionit \u2014 n\u00eb mesin e viteve 1990, modem\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm mbet\u00ebn ata me 2400 dhe 9600 baud, dhe shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb ishin artificialisht t\u00eb kufizuara nga cil\u00ebsia e lidhjeve n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb linj\u00ebs. Edhe n\u00ebse ju kishit nj\u00eb modem 28.8 kilobit, n\u00ebse ofruesi juaj i internetit mund t\u00eb ofronte maksimalisht 9600 baud, at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kishit fat.<\/p>\n

Mendoj se pengesa m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ndaj aksesit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm ishte modeli i biznesit. Ofruesit e par\u00eb t\u00eb internetit thjesht nuk e dinin n\u00ebse kishte kuptim t\u00eb na jepnin m\u00eb shum\u00eb akses n\u00eb internet, dhe n\u00ebse modeli i biznesit do t\u00eb justifikohej pa pages\u00eb p\u00ebr or\u00eb. Ata kishin gjithashtu probleme infrastrukturore: n\u00ebse ofroni internet t\u00eb pakufizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb kishit nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar t\u00eb gjitha ato thirrje.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin e tij t\u00eb vitit 2016 How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network<\/em><\/a><\/noindex> Shein Grinshtejn shpjegon pse \u00e7mimet p\u00ebr aksesin n\u00eb internet ishin nj\u00eb problem serioz. Askush nuk e dinte sakt\u00ebsisht se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte argumenti fitues p\u00ebr epok\u00ebn e internetit. K\u00ebshtu e p\u00ebrshkruan Grinshtejn dy lagje filozofike t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb ofruesve:<\/p>\n

Jan\u00eb formuar dy pik\u00ebpamje. Nj\u00ebra prej tyre i kushtoi shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ankesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebr humbjen e kontrollit. P\u00ebrdoruesit v\u00ebrejt\u00ebn se shfletimi i World Wide Web-i ishte hipnotizues. P\u00ebrdoruesit kishin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndiqnin koh\u00ebn duke q\u00ebn\u00eb online. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ishte praktikisht e pamundur t\u00eb ndiqje koh\u00ebn e kaluar online, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi kishte disa p\u00ebrdorues. Ofruesit q\u00eb simpatizuan k\u00ebto ankesa t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve mendonin se nj\u00eb zgjidhje e pranueshme do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrdorimi i pakufizuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb t\u00eb fiksur mujore. Rritja e \u00e7mimit do t\u00eb mbulonte shpenzimet shtes\u00eb t\u00eb aksesit pa kufizim, megjithat\u00eb mbeti e hapur \u00e7\u00ebshtja e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj rritjeje. K\u00ebto plane tarifore zakonisht quhen \"me pages\u00eb t\u00eb fiksur\" (flat rate)<\/em> ose \"pa kufizime\" (unlimited)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pika e kund\u00ebrt e k\u00ebsaj pike t\u00eb par\u00eb u dallua. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, u mendua se ankesat e p\u00ebrdoruesve ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e rinj duhej \"t\u00eb m\u00ebsonin\" t\u00eb kontrollonin koh\u00ebn e tyre. Ata q\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtesnin k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje sillnin si shembuj telefonat celular\u00eb dhe tabelat elektronike t\u00eb shpalljeve. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, po zhvillohej telefonia celulare dhe tarifimi p\u00ebr minut\u00eb nuk e frik\u00ebsonte p\u00ebrdoruesit. Duket se nj\u00eb kompani e guximshme q\u00eb ofronte sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb shpalljeve (bulletin board, BBS) \u2014 AOL, kishte madje p\u00ebrfituar nga ky tarifim. Sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb mbronin k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebndrim shprehnin besimin se pagesa p\u00ebr volum t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb konsumuar do t\u00eb dominonte, dhe inkurajonin eksplorimin e kombinimeve t\u00eb reja q\u00eb do t\u2019i p\u00ebrshtateshin m\u00eb mir\u00eb modelit t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb navigimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve teknikisht t\u00eb pap\u00ebrvojsh\u00ebm.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nKjo solli nj\u00eb gjendje mjaft t\u00eb trishtueshme, dhe nuk ishte plot\u00ebsisht e qart\u00eb se cila nga modelet do t\u00eb sillte p\u00ebrfitime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Ana q\u00eb e prishi k\u00ebt\u00eb nyj\u00eb gordiane ndryshoi gjith\u00e7ka. Me ironi, ajo ishte AT&T.<\/p>\n

\"Historia
\nNj\u00eb nga reklamat e vjetra t\u00eb AT&T WorldNet \u2014 ofruesi i par\u00eb i internetit q\u00eb ofroi qasje t\u00eb pakufizuar me nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb fikse. (E marr\u00eb nga Newspapers.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/em><\/p>\n

Si e ktheu AT&T aksesin e pakufizuar n\u00eb standardin de facto p\u00ebr internetin mainstream<\/h3>\n

\nAta q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me historin\u00eb e AT&T din\u00eb se kjo kompani zakonisht nuk ishte ajo q\u00eb shkat\u00ebrronte barrierat.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb, ajo kishte tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur status quo. Mjafton t\u00eb dihet historia e sistemit TTY, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin haker\u00ebt e d\u00ebgjuesh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me miqt\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre shpik\u00ebn nj\u00eb konvertues akustik (nj\u00eb pajisje ku mund t\u00eb vendosni telefonin mbi mikrofon dhe altoparlant), p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar kufizimin \"Mama Bell\", e cila nuk lejonte pajisjet e treta t\u00eb lidhen me linjat e saj telefonike.<\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1996, kur AT&T lan\u00e7oi sh\u00ebrbimin WorldNet, shum\u00eb\u00e7ka kishte ndryshuar. Priza telefonike RJ11, e cila p\u00ebrdorej praktikisht n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha modem\u00ebt e fillimit t\u00eb viteve '90, erdhi si rezultat i nj\u00eb vendimi gjyq\u00ebsor, q\u00eb ndalonte AT&T t\u00eb kufizonte p\u00ebrdorimin e periferive t\u00eb treta. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ne fituam p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, telefonat pa tela dhe... modem\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1996, kompania ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozita t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb shkel\u00ebse e rregullave t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb re t\u00eb Internetit. Ajo ishte mjaft e madhe, q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kurr\u00eb nuk kishin p\u00ebrdorur sh\u00ebrbimet e ofruesve, p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb vendosnin ta provonin at\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zgjedhjes s\u00eb pages\u00ebs fikse, kompania arriti t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues aktiv\u00eb \u2014 19,95 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb pakufizuar, n\u00ebse kishit lidhje me sh\u00ebrbimin e telefonatave nd\u00ebrqytetase t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, dhe 24,95 dollar\u00eb, n\u00ebse nuk e kishit at\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ofert\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse, kompania ofroi p\u00ebrdoruesve pes\u00eb or\u00eb falas<\/a><\/noindex> qasje n\u00eb Internet n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit. (Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se ajo ofronte shpejt\u00ebsi prej 28,8 kilobit\u00ebsh \u2014 mjaft t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb.)<\/p>\n

Sipas Greenstein, problemi ishte se u fokusua n\u00eb shkall\u00ebzim. Me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim kaq t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb Internet, kompania n\u00eb thelb priste t\u00eb lidhte me WorldNet dhjet\u00ebra miliona njer\u00ebz \u2014 dhe n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb arrinte ta garantonte at\u00eb, asgj\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb funksiononte. \"AT&T mori rreziqe t\u00eb llogaritura duke zgjedhur t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb model sh\u00ebrbimi q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ishte fitimprur\u00ebs n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb shum\u00eb qytete t\u00eb SHBA.\"<\/p>\n

AT&T nuk ishte kompania e par\u00eb me tarif\u00eb fikse \u2014 personalisht, un\u00eb kam p\u00ebrdorur sh\u00ebrbimet e nj\u00eb ofruesi t\u00eb internetit q\u00eb ofronte akses t\u00eb pakufizuar p\u00ebr dial-up q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1994. M\u00eb duhej ta shfryt\u00ebzoja at\u00eb, sepse entuziazmi im i tep\u00ebrt p\u00ebr thirrjet n\u00eb BBS p\u00ebrfundimisht ndikohej n\u00eb faturat telefonike t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb mi. Por AT&T ishte aq e madhe sa mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte lansimin e nj\u00eb ofruesi komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb internetit me tarif\u00eb fikse, q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqte konkurrenc\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl rajonale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb artikullin New York Times<\/em> shkrimtarit t\u00eb njohur teknik John Markoff<\/a><\/noindex> thuhet se n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment AT&T donte t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb \"kopsht t\u00eb mbyllur\" t\u00eb vetin, ashtu si AOL ose Microsoft me MSN. Por rreth vitit 1995, kompania vendosi thjesht t\u00eb ofronte njer\u00ebzve nj\u00eb tub n\u00eb Internet duke p\u00ebrdorur standarde t\u00eb hapura.<\/p>\n

Markoff shkroi: \"N\u00ebse AT&T ndan nj\u00eb portal t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00eb Internet, a do ta ndjekin at\u00eb klient\u00ebt? Dhe n\u00ebse e b\u00ebjn\u00eb, do t\u00eb mbetet e pandryshuar di\u00e7ka n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e komunikimeve?\"<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, p\u00ebrgjigja ndaj pyetjes s\u00eb dyt\u00eb ishte negative. Por jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb AT&T, edhe pse ajo fitoi nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrdoruesish duke vendosur nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb fikse p\u00ebr internetin pa kufizim. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, kjo industri u nd\u00ebrrua p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsisht reaksioni<\/em> n\u00eb daljen e AT&T n\u00eb treg, duke vendosur nj\u00eb standard t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb Internet.<\/p>\n

Pragu i pritjeve u rrit. Tani, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos mbetur pas, \u00e7do ofrues n\u00eb vend duhej t\u00eb ofronte sh\u00ebrbime qasjeje pa kufizim, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me \u00e7mimin e WorldNet.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje Grinstein n\u00eb libri i tij<\/a><\/noindex>, ka ka pasur ndikim shkat\u00ebrrues n\u00eb sektorin ende t\u00eb ri t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb internet: AOL dhe MSN u b\u00ebn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e vetme mjaft t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb \u00e7mim t\u00eb till\u00eb. (\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se CompuServe reagoi me lansimin e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb tij Sprynet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn \u00e7mim fikse prej 19.95 dollar\u00ebsh si WorldNet.) Por AT&T nervozoi madje edhe \"f\u00ebmij\u00ebt Bell\"<\/a><\/noindex>: rreth nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, Komisioni Federal i Komunikimeve miratoi nj\u00eb vendim q\u00eb lejonte linjat e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb t\u00eb mos respektojn\u00eb rregullat e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb aplikuara p\u00ebr pages\u00ebn e thirrjeve lokale.<\/p>\n

AOL, q\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb biznes t\u00eb madh me p\u00ebrmbajtjen q\u00eb ekzistonte n\u00eb sistemin e saj, fillimisht p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb luante n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt, duke ofruar nj\u00eb version m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb saj, i cili punonte mbi lidhjen AT&T.<\/p>\n

Por shpejt iu desh t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb standardin e ri \u2014 k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr pages\u00eb fikse p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes dial-up. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb vendim i till\u00eb solli nj\u00eb mori problemesh.<\/p>\n

60.3%<\/h3>\n

\nK\u00ebtu ishte niveli i refuzimeve t\u00eb thirrjeve t\u00eb AOL<\/strong> sipas nj\u00eb studimi p\u00ebr pranver\u00ebn e vitit 1997<\/a><\/noindex>, i realizuar nga kompania Inverse, e cila merret me analiz\u00ebn e internetit. Ky vler\u00ebsim ishte pothuajse dyfish m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se ai i kompanis\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb list\u00ebn e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebve d\u00ebshtak\u00eb, dhe me shum\u00eb gjasa ishte rezultat i optimizimit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb pajisjeve dial-up. P\u00ebr krahasim: niveli i d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb CompuServe (e cila rezultoi si kompania m\u00eb e mir\u00eb n\u00eb studim) ishte 6.5 p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n

\"Historia
\nModemi 28.8 kilobit, i vler\u00ebsuar lart nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e internetit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb mesin e viteve 1990. (Les Orchard\/Flickr<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/em><\/p>\n

Zbutja e sinjaleve t\u00eb \u00abz\u00ebn\u00eb\u00bb: pse p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb online u b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb makth n\u00eb vitin 1997<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb jav\u00ebt e fundit, shpesh d\u00ebgjoj nj\u00eb pyetje - a do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb interneti ngarkes\u00ebn e rritur? E nj\u00ebjta pyetje ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1997, kur gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz filluan t\u00eb kalonin or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra online.<\/p>\n

Doli se p\u00ebrgjigjja ishte negative, dhe jo p\u00ebr shkak se interesi n\u00eb rritje b\u00ebhej i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u aksesuar n\u00eb faqet e internetit. Ishte m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb siguroje lidhje telefonike.<\/p>\n

(Faqet e ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb internetit ishin n\u00ebn stres-teste p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngjarjeve t\u00eb trishtueshme t\u00eb 11 Shtatorit 2001, kur interneti filloi t\u00eb mbahej n\u00ebn ngarkes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebr lajmet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb prej qyteteve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb bot\u00eb.)<\/p>\n

Infrastruktura e AOL, tashm\u00eb e stresuar nga popullariteti i sh\u00ebrbimit, thjesht nuk ishte e dizajnuar p\u00ebr ngarkes\u00ebn shtes\u00eb. N\u00eb janar 1997, m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb muaj pasi ofruan qasje t\u00eb pakufizuar, kompanit\u00eb filluan t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb presion t\u00eb ligjsh\u00ebm nga e gjith\u00eb vendi. AOL ishte e detyruar t\u00eb premtoj\u00eb klient\u00ebve kthimin e parave dhe t\u00eb kufizoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmasat e reklam\u00ebs, derisa t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhte problemin me infrastruktur\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Sipas informacionit Baltimore Sun<\/em><\/a><\/noindex>, AOL p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht dyfishoi numrin e modem\u00ebve t\u00eb disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr abonent\u00ebt, por p\u00ebr \u00e7do kush q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte sistemin telefonik p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe merrte sinjalin \"i z\u00ebn\u00eb\", ishte e qart\u00eb se problemi ishte m\u00eb serioz: sistemi telefonik nuk ishte i dizajnuar p\u00ebr at\u00eb, dhe kjo b\u00ebhej krejt e qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb artikullin Sun<\/em> \u00cbsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se struktura e rrjetit telefonik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e linjave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb 24\/7, t\u00eb cilat modemet dial-up i inkurajuan. Kjo ngarkes\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin telefonik b\u00ebri q\u00eb n\u00eb \u00abBell\u00bb t\u00eb provonin (pa sukses) t\u00eb futnin nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzim. Komisioni Federal i Komunikimeve (FCC) nuk ishte i k\u00ebnaqur me k\u00ebt\u00eb, prandaj zgjidhja e vetme reale p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ng\u00ebr\u00e7 do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb teknologji e re q\u00eb do t\u00eb kapte k\u00ebto linja telefonike, dhe at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhi me kalimin e koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00abNe po p\u00ebrdorim rrjetet telefonike t\u00eb zakonshme sepse ato tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb\u00bb, shkruante autori Michael J. Horowitz. \u00abAto jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalta dhe t\u00eb pasigurta p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, dhe nuk ka asnj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb pazgjidhshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat nevojat e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb Internetit duhet t\u00eb bien ndesh me interesat e atyre q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb thirrje telefonike\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 AOL, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c AOL \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0433\u0440\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044e \u043e \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0443: "E urrej at\u00eb ofruesin tim t\u00eb mallkuar<\/a><\/noindex>\".<\/p>\n

Sipas Greenstein, ofruesit p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb shpiknin modele alternative biznesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur p\u00ebrdoruesit q\u00eb t\u00eb lidhen m\u00eb pak n\u00eb internet, duke provuar t\u00eb ngarkonin m\u00eb pak ose duke shtyr\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht agresiv\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhnin nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim tjet\u00ebr duke hequr dor\u00eb nga ofrimi i qasjes pa limito. Megjithat\u00eb, pas hapjes s\u00eb kutis\u00eb s\u00eb Pandor\u00ebs, ishte e qart\u00eb se qasja pa kufij tashm\u00eb kishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb standard.<\/p>\n

\"Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb tregu n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kaloi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model, ofruesit nuk mund t\u00eb gjenin nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh entuziast\u00ebsh p\u00ebr alternativat e saj,\" shkruan Greenstein. \"Fuqit\u00eb e konkurrenc\u00ebs ishin t\u00eb orientuara nga preferencat e p\u00ebrdoruesve \u2014 qasja pa kufij.\"<\/p>\n

Kompania WorldNet e AT&T gjithashtu nuk kishte imunitet ndaj problemeve t\u00eb shkaktuara nga sh\u00ebrbimi i internetit pa kufij. Deri n\u00eb mars 1998, vet\u00ebm dy vjet pas fillimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit, kompania deklaroi se do t\u00eb ngarkonte p\u00ebrdoruesit 0.99 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr \u00e7do or\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur mbi 150 or\u00ebt mujore. 150 or\u00eb megjithat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr shum\u00eb i arsyesh\u00ebm, rreth pes\u00eb or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb. Ato mund t\u00eb shpenzohen, n\u00ebse n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shikimit t\u00eb \u00abFriends\u00bb<\/em> kaloni t\u00eb gjitha mbr\u00ebmjet n\u00eb internet, por patjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak se premtimet e internetit \u00abpa kufij\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket AOL, duket se ajo kishte gjetur zgjidhjen m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb konkurruese t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar: pasi harxhoi qindra miliona dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar arkitektur\u00ebn e saj, kompania n\u00eb vitin 1997 bleu CompuServe<\/a><\/noindex>, duke dyfishuar n\u00eb fakt volumin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb saj dial-up. Sipas Greenstein, rreth t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs koh\u00eb, kompania shiti pajisjet e saj dial-up dhe i dha kontraktor\u00ebve, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb sinjalet \"t\u00eb z\u00ebna\" t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin problemi i dikujt tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, zgjidhja ishte pothuajse gjeniale.<\/p>\n

Sot duket e qart\u00eb<\/strong>, q\u00eb ne ishim t\u00eb destinuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb merrnim qasje t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb Internet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, mund t\u00eb imagjinohet se student\u00ebt e kolegjeve, n\u00eb konvikte t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kishte linja T1, ishin tejet t\u00eb frustruar nga teknologjit\u00eb p\u00ebrtej kampuseve t\u00eb tyre. Pabarazia ishte kaq e dukshme saq\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb mbetej p\u00ebrher\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb produktiv\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, na nevojitet qasje e pakufizuar p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre kabllove.<\/p>\n

(Merrni parasysh fjal\u00ebt e mia: \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm i njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb kan\u00eb studiuar n\u00eb kolegje n\u00eb t\u00eb 90-at dhe fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000, e zgjat\u00ebn q\u00ebndrimin e tyre n\u00eb institucione shkollore vet\u00ebm sepse kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb internet me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe, e cila ishte e rrall\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb koh\u00eb. T\u00eb merrnin nj\u00eb specializim t\u00eb dyt\u00eb? Me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, mjafton q\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia e shkarkimit t\u00eb ishte e mir\u00eb!)<\/p>\n

Me sigurisht, interneti n\u00eb konvikte ka qen\u00eb mahnit\u00ebs, por modem\u00ebt dial-up me sa duket nuk mund t\u00eb ofronin shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Megjithat\u00eb, disavantazhet e qasjeve t\u00eb thirrura me kalimin e koh\u00ebs \u00e7uan n\u00eb zhvillimin e teknologjive m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara; DSL (n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebr transmetimin me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren linjat telefonike ekzistuese) dhe interneti kabllor (i cili p\u00ebrdorte linjat, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat gjithashtu k\u00ebrkohej koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u lidhur) po ashtu k\u00ebrkonte koh\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>) ndihmuan shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb afrohen me shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb e internetit q\u00eb dikur ishin t\u00eb arritshme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kampuset e kolegjeve.<\/p>\n

Kur po shkruaja k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, mendova: si do t\u00eb dukej bota n\u00ebse nj\u00eb infeksion si COVID-19 do t\u00eb ndodhte, kur ne kryesisht lidhnim online p\u00ebrmes dial-up, p\u00ebrderisa duket se s\u00ebmundjet e tilla ndodhin nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebqind vjet. A do t\u00eb na kishte lejuar t\u00eb punonim nga afstandi po aq nxjerr\u00ebs si sot? A do t\u00eb pengonin sinjalet \"e z\u00ebn\u00eb\" zhvillimin e ekonomis\u00eb? N\u00ebse AOL do t\u00eb fshehte numrat e qasjeve t\u00eb thirrura nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e saj, si\u00e7 dyshonin, a do t\u00eb kishte \u00e7uar kjo n\u00eb rebelime?<\/p>\n

A do t\u00eb ishim n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb porositim produkte n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi?<\/p>\n

Nuk kam p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje, por e di se n\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr Internetin, nga pik\u00ebpamja e lidhjes, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb na duhej t\u00eb q\u00ebndronim n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, sot \u00ebsht\u00eb koha m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nuk mund ta imagjinoj se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte ndodhur n\u00ebse sinjali \"i z\u00ebn\u00eb\" do t\u00eb ishte shtuar mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb at\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb q\u00eb ndjejm\u00eb tani n\u00eb kushte karantinimi.
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Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 AOL, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 90-\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b: AT&T. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u00bb. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a Zoom \u0441 12-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430. 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\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u00bb | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 AOL, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 90-\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 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