{"id":80855,"date":"2020-05-09T01:42:59","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T23:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ko-dnyu-radio-svyaz-nervy-vojny"},"modified":"2020-05-09T01:42:59","modified_gmt":"2020-05-08T23:42:59","slug":"ko-dnyu-radio-svyaz-nervy-vojny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ko-dnyu-radio-svyaz-nervy-vojny","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e Radios. Lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb nervi i luft\u00ebs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e shenjt\u00eb,<\/i>
\n\u0410 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u044e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439…<\/i><\/p>\n

Sot, m\u00eb 7 maj, \u00ebsht\u00eb Dita e Radios dhe e Lidhjes. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb fest\u00eb profesionale \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb filozofi e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb, krenaris\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nga shpikjet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, e cila ka dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha sferat e jet\u00ebs dhe ndoshta nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e vjetruar s\u00eb shpejti. Dhe pas dy dit\u00ebsh, m\u00eb 9 maj, do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb 75 vjet nga fitorja n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Madhe Patriotike. N\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn lidhja ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh, dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe kryesor. Lidh\u00ebsit e lidhjes lidhin divizionet, batalionet, frontet, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, me \u00e7mimin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemit q\u00eb mund\u00ebsonte transferimin e urdhrit ose informacionit. Ky ishte nj\u00eb akt i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb heroik \u00e7do dit\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb luft\u00ebs. N\u00eb Rusi \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur Dita e Lidh\u00ebsit Ushtarak, e cila sh\u00ebnjohet m\u00eb 20 tetor. Por un\u00eb e di sigurt q\u00eb ajo p\u00ebrkujtohet edhe sot, n\u00eb Dit\u00ebn e Radios. Prandaj, le t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb pajisjet dhe teknologjit\u00eb e lidhjes gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe Patriotike, sepse kot nuk thuhet se lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb nervi i luft\u00ebs. K\u00ebto nerve ishin n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb tyre dhe madje edhe p\u00ebrtej.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr<\/a><\/noindex>
\nLidh\u00ebsit e RKK-s\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1941 me nj\u00eb bobin\u00eb dhe telefon fushor<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Telefonat fushor<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, lidhja me tel kishte ndaluar tashm\u00eb t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb privilegj i telegrameve; n\u00eb BS, linjat telefonike po zhvilloheshin dhe ishin shfaqur m\u00ebnyrat e para t\u00eb komunikimit p\u00ebrmes frekuencave radio. Por n\u00eb fillim, pik\u00ebrisht lidhja me tel ishte nervi kryesor: telefonat lejonin t\u00eb krijonin lidhje n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb hapura, pyje, p\u00ebrmes lumenjve, pa k\u00ebrkuar ndonj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb. Shtuar k\u00ebsaj, sinjali nga telefoni me tel nuk mund t\u00eb kapet ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet pa akses fizik.<\/p>\n

Forcat e Wehrmacht-it nuk pushojn\u00eb: ato aktivojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin p\u00ebr linjat e komunikimit n\u00eb terren dhe shtyllat, i bombardojn\u00eb ato dhe organizojn\u00eb diverzioni. P\u00ebr sulmin ndaj nyjeve t\u00eb komunikimit ishin prezantuar madje municione speciale, t\u00eb cilat gjat\u00eb bombardimeve kapnin telat me vegla dhe shkat\u00ebrronin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin.\u00a0<\/p>\n

I pari luft\u00ebn me ushtar\u00ebt tan\u00eb e takoi telefoni i zakonsh\u00ebm kampistik UHA-F-31, nj\u00eb nga ato q\u00eb kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr telat prej bakri p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar komunikimin. Megjithat\u00eb, pik\u00ebrisht lidhja me tela ishte ajo q\u00eb shquhej p\u00ebr stabilitet dhe besueshm\u00ebri gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur telefonin, mjaftonte t\u00eb shkonte nj\u00eb kabllo dhe ta lidhnin at\u00eb me aparatin vet\u00eb. Por t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjoje nj\u00eb telefon t\u00eb till\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb: duhej t\u00eb lidhej drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me kabllon, e cila ishte n\u00ebn mbrojtje (zakonisht, komunikuesit shkonin n\u00eb \u00e7ift ose madje n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl). Por kjo duket kaq e thjesht\u00eb \"n\u00eb kohe paqeje\". Gjat\u00eb veprimeve luftarake, komunikuesit rrezikonin jet\u00ebn e tyre dhe t\u00ebrhiqnin telat n\u00ebn zjarrit t\u00eb armikut, gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb ujit etj. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb gjithave, armiku i v\u00ebzhgonte me kujdes veprimet e komunikuesve sovjetik\u00eb dhe, sapo kishte mund\u00ebsi, shkat\u00ebrronte pik\u00ebrisht mjetet dhe kabllot e komunikimit. Heroizmi i komunikuesve nuk kishte kufi: ata e mernin veten n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat e akullta t\u00eb Ladoj\u00ebs dhe kalonin n\u00ebn plumba, ata kalonin linj\u00ebn e frontit dhe ndihmonin n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb. N\u00eb burimet dokumentare jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar jo pak raste, kur nj\u00eb komunikues para vdekjes shtr\u00ebngonte kabllon e ndar\u00eb me dh\u00ebmb\u00eb, q\u00eb spastrimet e fundit t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin lidhja e humbur p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar komunikimin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nUNA-F-31<\/i><\/p>\n

UNA-F (fonik) dhe UNA-I (induktor) u prodhuan n\u00eb qytetin Gorki (Nizhni Novgorod) n\u00eb fabrika e radiotelefon\u00ebve emrin e Leninit<\/a><\/noindex>, duke filluar nga viti 1928. Ato ishte nj\u00eb pajisje e thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb druri me nj\u00eb rrip, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb tub telefonik mikro, transformatori, kondensatori, godit\u00ebsi i zhurm\u00ebs, nj\u00eb bateri (ose lidh\u00ebs energjie). Telefoni induktor b\u00ebnte thirrje me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb zile, nd\u00ebrsa ai fonik p\u00ebrdorte nj\u00eb sinjalizues elektrik. Modeli UNA-F ishte aq i qet\u00eb sa operatori i telefonit ishte i detyruar t\u00eb mbante tubin af\u00ebr veshit gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb turnit (n\u00eb vitin 1943, u projektua nj\u00eb kufje komode). N\u00eb vitin 1943, u shfaq nj\u00eb modifikim i ri UNA-FI \u2014 k\u00ebta telefona kishin nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe mund t\u00eb lidhen me \u00e7do lloj qendra \u2014 fonike, induktorike dhe fonoinduktore.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nTelefonat fushor UN\u0410-I-43 me thirrje induktive ishin t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar komunikimin e brendsh\u00ebm telefonik n\u00eb selit\u00eb dhe n\u00eb pikat e komand\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebsiteve dhe pjes\u00ebve ushtarake. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, pajisjet induktive p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr komunikimin telefonik t\u00eb selive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ushtarake me selit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta. Kjo lidhje kryhej kryesisht p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb linje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme dyfishe, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht punonte edhe aparati telegrapik. Pajisjet induktive pat\u00ebn nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb fal\u00eb leht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes dhe besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nUN\u0410-\u0424\u0418-43 \u2014 telefon fushor<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u00eb vend t\u00eb seris\u00eb UN\u0410 erdh\u00ebn telefonat T\u0410I-43 me thirrje induktive, t\u00eb konceptuar mbi nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb telefonave fushor gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb kapur FF-33. Distanca e komunikimit p\u00ebrmes kabllit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs ishte deri n\u00eb 25 km, p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb linje ajrore 3 mm t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme \u2014 250 km. T\u0410I-43 ofronte nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb stabilizuar dhe ishte dy her\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb se homolog\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Ky telefon p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar komunikimin n\u00eb nivelin nga divizioni dhe m\u00eb lart.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nT\u0410I-43<\/i><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb telefon fushor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ishte pajisja telefonike \"PF-1\" (Ndihma p\u00ebr Frontin) e nivelit t\u00eb skuadr\u00ebs \u2014 batalionit, e cila p\u00ebrshkonte deri n\u00eb 18 km p\u00ebrmes kabllit fushor. Prodhimi i pajisjeve filloi n\u00eb vitin 1941 n\u00eb punishtet e MGTS (Rrjeta e Telefonit t\u00eb Qytetit t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs). N\u00eb total, u prodhuan rreth 3000 pajisje. Kjo sasi, megjith\u00ebse duket e vog\u00ebl sipas standardeve tona, p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr frontin, ku \u00e7do mjet komunikimi kishte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi dhe vler\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nNod komunikimi n\u00eb Stalingrad<\/i><\/p>\n

Ishte nj\u00eb telefon tjet\u00ebr me nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb \u2014 IIA-44, i cili, si\u00e7 tregon emri, erdhi n\u00eb forcat n\u00eb vitin 1944. Me nj\u00eb trup metalik, dy kapsula, me shkronja dhe udh\u00ebzime t\u00eb kujdesshme, ai ishte ndryshe nga homolog\u00ebt e tij prej druri dhe dukej m\u00eb shum\u00eb si nj\u00eb trofe. Por jo, IIA-44 ishte prodhuar nga kompania amerikane Connecticut Telephone & Electric dhe ishte d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik p\u00ebrmes lend-lease. Ai kishte tipin induktor p\u00ebr thirrje dhe lejonte lidhjen e nj\u00eb tubi mikrofonik t\u00eb shtuar. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ndryshe nga disa modele sovjetike, ai kishte baterin\u00eb e brendshme dhe jo t\u00eb jashtme (klasi i quajtur MB, me bateri vendore). Kapaciteti i baterive nga fabrikat ishte 8 amper-or\u00eb, por telefoni kishte slot p\u00ebr bateri sovjetike prej 30 amper-or\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, teknicien\u00ebt ushtarak\u00eb ishin ndar\u00eb n\u00eb mendime p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e pajisjeve.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nIIA-44<\/i><\/p>\n

Elementet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb komunikimit ushtarak ishin kabllot (kone) dhe nd\u00ebrruesit.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kabllat e fush\u00ebs zakonisht vinin n\u00eb rreth 500 metra, t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtjella n\u00eb bobina, q\u00eb lidhnin mbi shqet e shpatullave dhe t\u00eb shiheshin shum\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur dhe mb\u00ebshtjell\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Nervat kryesore t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ishin kablli i telegrameve t\u00eb fush\u00ebs PTG-19 (distanca e komunikimit 40-55 km) dhe PTF-7 (distanca e komunikimit 15-25 km). Q\u00eb nga fillimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, forcat e komunikimeve riparuan \u00e7do vit 40,000-50,000 km linja telefonike dhe telegrame, duke varur mbi to deri n\u00eb 200,000 km telash dhe duke z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar deri n\u00eb 10,000 shtylla. Armiku ishte i gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar sistemet e komunikimit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb rikuperimi ishte i vazhduesh\u00ebm dhe i menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm. Kabllet duhej t\u00eb vihen n\u00eb \u00e7do lloj terreni, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe fundin e uj\u00ebrave; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ngarkesat speciale fundosnin kabllin dhe nuk lejonin q\u00eb ai t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Pun\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara p\u00ebr vendosjen dhe rikuperimin e kabllit telefonik ndodhen gjat\u00eb bllokad\u00ebs s\u00eb Leningradit: qyteti nuk mund t\u00eb lan\u00e7ohej pa komunikim, dhe saboteur\u00ebt e b\u00ebnin pun\u00ebn e tyre, ndaj her\u00eb pas here, zhyt\u00ebsit punonin n\u00ebn uj\u00eb madje edhe gjat\u00eb dimrit t\u00eb acart\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se po ashtu, kablli elektrik p\u00ebr furnizimin e Leningradit me energji elektrike u vendos me probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nLinjat (kabllat) ishin subjekt i sulmeve t\u00eb tok\u00ebs dhe bombardimeve me artileri - kablli ishte grisur nga fragmente n\u00eb disa vende dhe komunikuesi u detyrua t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur dhe riparuar t\u00eb gjitha prishjet. Komunikimi duhej t\u00eb rikthehej pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb koordinuar aktivitete t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb forcave, prandaj komunikuesit shpesh kalonin n\u00ebn plumbat dhe granatat. Kishin ndodhur raste kur kablli duhej t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqej p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb fushe mine dhe komunikuesit, pa pritur p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt, vet\u00eb pastruan rrug\u00ebn e tyre dhe t\u00eb kabllove t\u00eb tyre. Ushtar\u00ebt kishin sulmin e tyre, komunikuesit kishin t\u00eb tyre, ashtu si dhe kaq tmerrues dhe vdekjeprur\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta me arm\u00eb nga armiku, p\u00ebr lidh\u00ebsit kishte nj\u00eb rrezik tjet\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb tmerrsh\u00ebm se vdekja: pasi lidh\u00ebsi, i ulur n\u00eb telefon, dinte \u00e7do gj\u00eb mbi situat\u00ebn n\u00eb front, ai ishte nj\u00eb objekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i gjuetis\u00eb nga inteligjenca gjermane. Lidh\u00ebsit shpesh kapeshin rob, pasi ishte mjaft e leht\u00eb t\u00eb afroheshish: mjaftonte t\u00eb prenosh nj\u00eb tel dhe t\u00eb prisje n\u00eb prit\u00eb, kur lidh\u00ebsi t\u00eb vinte n\u00eb vend n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb prishjeje t\u00eb re. Pak m\u00eb von\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn metoda mbrojt\u00ebse dhe manovra p\u00ebr t'i tejkaluar k\u00ebto, lufta p\u00ebr informacion mori form\u00eb n\u00eb radio, por n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb luft\u00ebs situata ishte e tmerrshme.<\/p>\n

Shk\u00ebmbyesit e vet\u00ebm dhe \u00e7ift\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur aparaturat telefonike (fonike, induktore dhe hibride). Shk\u00ebmbyesit ishin t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr 6, 10, 12 dhe 20 (kur \u00e7ift\u00ebzoheshin) numra dhe p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin e lidhjeve telefonike t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb selit\u00eb e regjes, batalionit, divizionit. P\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, shk\u00ebmbyesit evoluan mjaft shpejt dhe deri n\u00eb vitin 1944 ushtria kishte pajisje t\u00eb lehta me kapacitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Shk\u00ebmbyesit e fundit ishin tashm\u00eb stacionar (rreth 80 kg) dhe mund t\u00eb ofronin nd\u00ebrlidhje p\u00ebr deri n\u00eb 90 abonent\u00eb.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nPanairi i telefonit K-10. Kushtojini v\u00ebmendje shkrimit n\u00eb trupin e tij<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e vitit 1941, gjerman\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb kapnin Mosk\u00ebn. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb tjera, kryeqyteti ishte nyja qendrore e gjith\u00eb komunikimit sovjetik, dhe kjo rrjet nervor duhej t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohej. N\u00eb rast shkat\u00ebrrimi t\u00eb nyj\u00ebs moscovite, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb frontet do ishin t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara, prandaj ministri i komunikacionit I.T. Peresipkin krijoi nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes rreth Mosk\u00ebs me nyjat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb Veriut, Jugut, Lindjes dhe Per\u00ebndimit. K\u00ebto nyja-dublika do t\u00eb siguronin komunikimin edhe n\u00eb rast t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb telegravit qendror t\u00eb vendit. Ivan Terentyevi\u00e7 Peresipkin luajti nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh n\u00eb luft\u00eb: ai formoi m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 pjes\u00eb komunikacioni, ngriti kurse dhe shkolla p\u00ebr telefonist\u00ebt, radioist\u00ebt dhe lidh\u00ebsit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i siguruan frontit specialist\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr. N\u00eb mes t\u00eb vitit 1944, fal\u00eb vendimeve t\u00eb ministrit t\u00eb komunikacionit Peresipkin, u hoq 'frika nga radioja' n\u00eb frontet dhe forcat, para se t\u00eb fillonte lend-liza, ishin t\u00eb pajisura me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 64,000 stacione radiosh t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 39 vje\u00e7are, Peresipkin u b\u00eb marshall i komunikacionit.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Stacionet e radios<\/h2>\n

\nLufta ishte nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr komunikimin radio. P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e lidh\u00ebsve t\u00eb RKK-s\u00eb fillimisht ishin t\u00eb tensionuara: n\u00ebse \u00e7do ushtar mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte nj\u00eb telefon t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, radiostacionet k\u00ebrkonin lidh\u00ebs me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuara. K\u00ebshtu, lidh\u00ebsit e par\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs preferonin shok\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm \u2014 telefonat e fush\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb shpejt radiostacionet treguan se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebnin dhe filluan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren kudo, duke fituar nj\u00eb popullaritet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb te partisan\u00ebt dhe nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb zbulimit.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nRadiostacioni i mbajtur n\u00eb trup, n\u00eb diapazonin HF (3-R)\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Radiostacioni RB (radiostacion i batalionit) me fuqi 0,5 W i modifikimeve t\u00eb para p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga nj\u00eb transmetues (10,4 kg), furnizimi (14,5 kg) dhe vendosja e anten\u00ebs dipole (3,5 kg). Gjat\u00ebsia e dipolit ishte 34 m, nd\u00ebrsa e antenave \u2014 1,8 m. Ishte nj\u00eb variant kavalerik q\u00eb lidhej n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd me nj\u00eb kuaj. Ky ishte nj\u00eb nga radiostacionet m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nPjes\u00ebtari i Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Kuqe dhe RB<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1942 doli versioni i modernizuar i RBM, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin u zvog\u00eblua numri i llojeve t\u00eb amplifikator\u00ebve elektronik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura, u rrit q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria dhe ngurt\u00ebsia e konstrukcionit, si\u00e7 k\u00ebrkonin kushtet reale t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. U shfaq\u00ebn RBM-1 me nj\u00eb fuqin\u00eb dal\u00ebse prej 1 W dhe RBM-5 me 5 W. Pajisjet e jashtme t\u00eb stacioneve t\u00eb reja lejonin zhvillimin e bisedave nga pika deri n\u00eb distancat 3 km. Ky stacion u b\u00eb radio stacioni personal i komandant\u00ebve t\u00eb divizioneve, korpuseve dhe ushtrive. Duke p\u00ebrdorur rrezatimin e reflektuar, ishte e mundur t\u00eb mbaheshin lidhje radiotelegraphi t\u00eb stabilizuara n\u00eb 250 km e m\u00eb shum\u00eb (nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebrkundrazi, val\u00ebt e mesme mund t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura efektivisht me rrezatimin reflektues vet\u00ebm nat\u00ebn, val\u00ebt e shkurtra deri n\u00eb 6 MHz reflektoheshin mir\u00eb nga ionosfera n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb t\u00eb dit\u00ebs dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapeshin n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb m\u00ebdha fal\u00eb reflektimeve nga ionosfera dhe sip\u00ebrfaqja e tok\u00ebs, pa k\u00ebrkuar transmetues t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm). P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, RBM treguan performanc\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e aerodromeve gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pas luft\u00ebs, ushtria p\u00ebrdori modele m\u00eb progresive, dhe RBM-t\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb njohura mes gjeolog\u00ebve dhe u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn aq gjat\u00eb, saq\u00eb arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin heronj t\u00eb artikujve n\u00eb revista profesionale n\u00eb vitet '80.<\/p>\n

Skema e RBM:<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nN\u00eb vitin 1943, amerikan\u00ebt k\u00ebrkuan licenc\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhimin e k\u00ebsaj radio-stacioni t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm, por u refuzuan.<\/i><\/p>\n

Heroi tjet\u00ebr i luft\u00ebs \u2014 radio-stacioni 'Sever', i cili n\u00eb front u krahasua me 'Katyush\u00ebn', aq i nevojsh\u00ebm dhe i koh\u00ebs ishte ky aparat.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Stacionet e radio \u00abSever\u00bb filluan prodhimin n\u00eb vitin 1941 dhe prodhuan edhe n\u00eb Leningradin e bllokuar. Ato ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta se format e para t\u00eb RBl \u2014 pesha e kompleti t\u00eb plot\u00eb me bateri ishte \u00abvet\u00ebm\u00bb 10 kg. Ajo ofronte komunikim n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej 500 km, dhe n\u00ebn kushte t\u00eb caktuara dhe n\u00eb duar profesionist\u00ebsh arrinte deri n\u00eb 700 km. Kjo stacion radioje ishte e destinuar kryesisht p\u00ebr zbulim dhe nj\u00ebsi partizane. Ishte nj\u00eb stacion radioje me marr\u00ebs me forcim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, me tre shkall\u00eb, me nj\u00eb rrethim regenerativ. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 versionit me bateri, kishte nj\u00eb version \u00abt\u00eb leht\u00eb\u00bb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte megjithat\u00eb furnizim me energji nga rrjeti i alternuar, si dhe disa versione t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr flot\u00ebn. N\u00eb komplet p\u00ebrfshiheshin antena, kufje, \u00e7el\u00ebsi telegrapik, komplet rezerv\u00eb llambash, komplet riparimi. P\u00ebr organizimin e komunikimit pran\u00eb komandave t\u00eb fronteve u zhvilluan nyje speciale radiore me transmetues t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm dhe marr\u00ebs radio delikate. Nyjet e komunikimit kishin orar t\u00eb vetin, sipas t\u00eb cilit mb\u00ebshtesnin komunikimin radio 2-3 her\u00eb gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs. Deri n\u00eb vitin 1944, stacionet e tipit \u00abSever\u00bb kishin lidhur Shtabin Qendror me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 grupe partizane. \u00abSever\u00bb mb\u00ebshteste kompletet e pajisjeve t\u00eb komunikimit t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb (ZAS), por shpesh refuzoheshin, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos merrnin disa kilogram\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr \u00abfshehjen\u00bb e bisedave nga armiku, flisnin me nj\u00eb kod t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, por sipas nj\u00eb orari t\u00eb caktuar, n\u00eb vale t\u00eb ndryshme dhe me kodifikim shtes\u00eb t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb trupave.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nStacioni Radioficik North<\/i>\u00a0<\/p>\n

12-RP \u2014 nj\u00eb radio e dezinfektuar e infanteris\u00eb sovjetike, e cila u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb rrjetet e regjimentit dhe artileris\u00eb t\u00eb RKK. Konsiston n\u00eb blloqe t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta transmetimi 12-R dhe marr\u00ebsi 5SG-2. Nj\u00eb radio me dy q\u00ebllime, telefonike-telegrafike dhe polidireksionale, e destinuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje dhe n\u00eb q\u00ebndrim. Radioja p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga paketat e transmetuesit-pranuesit (pesh\u00eb 12 kg, dimensione 426 x 145 x 205 mm) dhe energjia (pesh\u00eb 13,1 kg, dimensione 310 x 245 x 185 mm). U transportua n\u00eb shpin\u00eb nga dy ushtar\u00eb me rripa. Radioja u prodhua nga tetori - n\u00ebntori 1941 deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Fabrika Shtet\u00ebrore e \u00cbndrrave N\u00b0326 t\u00eb Gorkit<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb M. V. Frunze N\u00eb vitet e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, fabrika kontribuoi shum\u00eb n\u00eb sigurimin e forcave me lidhje radio. Aty u organizuan 48 brigadave t\u00eb p\u00ebrfrontit q\u00eb punonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 njer\u00ebz. Vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb vitit 1943 u prodhuan 2928 instrumente radio-matjeje t\u00eb shtat\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb at\u00eb vit, fabrika N\u00b0 326 dha ushtris\u00eb 7601 radio t\u00eb tipit 12-RP dhe 5839 radio 12-RT.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebr
\nRadio 12-RP<\/i><\/p>\n

Radiot\u00ebngjitat shpejt u b\u00ebn\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore n\u00eb aviacion, transport dhe sidomos n\u00eb tanke. Me sa duket, forcimi i trupave tankiste dhe aviacionit ishte nj\u00eb nga kushtet kryesore p\u00ebr kalimin e nj\u00ebsive ushtarake sovjetike n\u00eb val\u00ebt radio \u2014 p\u00ebr komunikimin midis tankeve dhe aeroplan\u00ebve dhe me pikat komand\u00eb, telefoni i lidhur ishte i pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Radiot\u00ebngjitat tankiste sovjetike kishin nj\u00eb rang komunikimi q\u00eb ishte ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se ai i gjerman\u00ebve. Dhe kjo ishte, pa dyshim, pjesa m\u00eb p\u00ebrparimtare e komunikimit ushtarak n\u00eb fillim dhe n\u00eb mes t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. N\u00eb RKKKA, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, situata e komunikimit ishte krejt\u00ebsisht e dob\u00ebt \u2014 shpesh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb asaj politike para luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos rritur armatimin. D\u00ebshtimet e para t\u00eb tmerrshme dhe viktimat shum\u00eb-mij\u00ebra ishin kryesisht t\u00eb shkaktuara nga mungesa e koordinimit dhe mungesa e mjeteve t\u00eb komunikimit.<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 71-\u0422\u041a, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 30-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 9-\u0420, 10-\u0420 \u0438 12-\u0420, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u041f\u0423. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b (\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438) \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043d\u00bb. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c. \u0412 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 12-\u0420\u041f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 12-\u0420\u0422 (\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 12-\u0420\u041f). \u0422\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a, 12-\u0420\u041f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445:<\/p>\n