{"id":81375,"date":"2020-05-13T01:42:22","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T23:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be"},"modified":"2020-05-13T01:42:22","modified_gmt":"2020-05-12T23:42:22","slug":"chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb na pret n\u00eb Wi-Fi 7, IEEE 802.11be?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00eb fundmi, n\u00eb treg kan\u00eb dal\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin teknologjin\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flitet shum\u00eb. Por pak jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb din\u00eb se tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u zhvilluar nj\u00eb brez i ri i teknologjis\u00eb Wi-Fi \u2014 Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). P\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb Wi-Fi 7, flitet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pas historia<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb Shtator 2020 do t\u00eb festojm\u00eb 30-vjetorin e projektit IEEE 802.11, i cili ka ndikuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, teknologjia Wi-Fi, e cila p\u00ebrcaktohet nga familja e standart\u00ebve IEEE 802.11, \u00ebsht\u00eb teknologjia m\u00eb e popullarizuar pa tela q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb u lidhur me internetin: Wi-Fi transmeton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve. Nd\u00ebrsa teknologjit\u00eb celulare b\u00ebjn\u00eb ribrandim \u00e7do nj\u00ebzet vjet, p\u00ebr shembull, duke z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar emrin 4G me 5G, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit, rritja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, si dhe zbatimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb reja ndodhin thuajse pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re. Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i vog\u00ebl klient\u00ebsh i kushtojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi shkronjave \"n\", \"ac\" ose \"ax\" q\u00eb ndjekin \"802.11\" n\u00eb kutit\u00eb e pajisjeve. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se Wi-Fi nuk po zhvillohet.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga provat e zhvillimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi \u00ebsht\u00eb rritja drastike e shpejt\u00ebsive nominale t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: nga 2 Mbit\/s n\u00eb versionin e vitit 1997 deri n\u00eb pothuajse 10 Gbit\/s n\u00eb standardin m\u00eb t\u00eb ri 802.11ax, i njohur gjithashtu si Wi-Fi 6. Wi-Fi moderne arrin k\u00ebt\u00eb rritje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs fal\u00eb konstrukcioneve m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta t\u00eb sinjalit dhe kodit, kanaleve m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb teknologjive. MIMO<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 drejtimit kryesor t\u00eb rrjetave lokale pa tela me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, evolucioni i Wi-Fi p\u00ebrfshin disa projekte ngushtore. P\u00ebr shembull, Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) u b\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur Wi-Fi n\u00eb tregun e Internetit t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave pa tela. Wi-Fi n\u00eb frekuencat milimetrike (802.11ad\/ay) mb\u00ebshtet shpejt\u00ebsi transmetimi deri n\u00eb 275 Gbit\/s, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb distanca shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n

Aplikacionet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e reja t\u00eb lidhura me transmetimin e videove me p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, realitetin virtual dhe t\u00eb shtuar, loj\u00ebrat, zyrat n\u00eb distanc\u00eb dhe llogarit\u00eb n\u00eb re, si dhe nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrdoruesish me trafik intensiv n\u00eb rrjetet pa tela k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimet e Wi-Fi 7<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb maj 2019, nj\u00eb grup n\u00ebn-grupi BE (TGbe) i grupit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs 802.11 t\u00eb komitetit p\u00ebr standardizimin e rrjeteve lokale dhe urbane filloi pun\u00ebn mbi nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr standardin Wi-Fi q\u00eb do t\u00eb rris\u00eb kapacitetin nominal mbi 40 Gbit\/s<\/b> n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal frekuencash t\u00eb \"tipit\" p\u00ebr Wi-Fi n\u00eb gam\u00ebn <= 7 GHz. Megjith\u00ebse n\u00eb shum\u00eb dokumente p\u00ebrmendet "kapaciteti maksimal jo m\u00eb pak se 30 Gbit\/s", protokolli i ri i nivelit fizik do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nominale mbi 40 Gbit\/s. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb drejtim tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb zhvillimin e Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr aplikacione n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale<\/b> (loja, realitet virtual dhe t\u00eb shtuar, menaxhimi i robot\u00ebve). \u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se, ndon\u00ebse Wi-Fi sh\u00ebrben n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr trafikun audio dhe video, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb menduar se sigurimi i nivelit standard t\u00eb vonesave t\u00eb vogla (n\u00eb disa milisekonda), gjithashtu e njohur si Rrjetet me Ndjeshm\u00ebri ndaj Koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb rrjetet Wi-Fi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb thelb i pamundur. N\u00eb n\u00ebntor 2017, ekipi yn\u00eb nga IPPI RAN dhe HSE (mos e konsideroni si propagand\u00eb) paraqiti nj\u00eb propozuar p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs n\u00eb grupin IEEE 802.11. Propozimi krijoi nj\u00eb interes t\u00eb madh, dhe n\u00eb korrik 2018 u nis nj\u00eb n\u00ebnpublik p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Pasi p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur aplikacionet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale k\u00ebrkohen si shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb larta nominale t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, ashtu edhe zgjerimi i funksionalitetit t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb kanalit, grupi i pun\u00ebs 802.11 vendosi t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb metoda p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aplikacioneve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale brenda Wi-Fi 7.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb lidhje me Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebekzistenca e saj me teknologjit\u00eb e rrjeteve celulare (4G\/5G), q\u00eb po zhvillohen nga 3GPP dhe funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat brezava t\u00eb pa licencuara. K\u00ebtu flitet p\u00ebr LTE-LAA\/NR-U. P\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar problemet q\u00eb lidhen me bashk\u00ebekzistenc\u00ebn e Wi-Fi dhe rrjeteve celulare, IEEE 802.11 ka krijuar Komitetin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebekzistenc\u00ebn (Coex SC). Pavar\u00ebsisht shum\u00eb takimeve dhe madje nj\u00eb seminari t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt midis pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve t\u00eb 3GPP dhe IEEE 802.11 n\u00eb korrik 2019 n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, zgjidhjet teknike ende nuk jan\u00eb miratuar. Nj\u00eb shpjegim i mundsh\u00ebm i k\u00ebtij aktiviteti t\u00eb pafrytsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb si IEEE 802 ashtu edhe 3GPP nuk d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t'i p\u00ebrputhur ato me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Prandaj, aktualisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse diskutimet brenda Coex SC do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb standardin Wi-Fi 7<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Procesi i zhvillimit<\/h2>\n

\nMegjith\u00ebse procesi i zhvillimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, deri m\u00eb tani jan\u00eb paraqitur rreth 500 propozime p\u00ebr funksionalitete t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr Wi-Fi 7 t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, gjithashtu i njohur si IEEE 802.11be. Shumica e ideve jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb diskutim n\u00eb n\u00ebn-grupin be dhe vendimi p\u00ebr to nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb akoma. Ide t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb miratuar s\u00eb fundmi. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb specifikohet qart\u00eb se cilat propozime jan\u00eb miratuar dhe cilat jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb diskutim.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nFillimisht, ishte planifikuar q\u00eb zhvillimi i mekanizmave t\u00eb rinj kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb mars 2021. Versioni p\u00ebrfundimtar i standardit pritet t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 2024. N\u00eb janar 2020, n\u00eb n\u00ebn-grupin 11be, u shpreh shqet\u00ebsimi n\u00ebse zhvillimi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb sipas grafikut me tempin aktual t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar procesin e zhvillimit t\u00eb standardit, n\u00ebn-grupi ra dakord t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl funksionesh me p\u00ebrprioritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb l\u00ebshoheshin deri n\u00eb vitin 2021 (Shp\u00ebrthimi 1), nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjerat t\u00eb lihen p\u00ebr Shp\u00ebrthimin 2. Funksionet me p\u00ebrprioritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr 320 MHz, 4K-QAM, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb OFDMA nga Wi-Fi 6, MU-MIMO me 16 rrjedha. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb coronavirusit, grupi nuk takohet tani fizikisht, por organizon rregullisht telekonferenca. K\u00ebshtu, zhvillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb pritur disi, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ndalur. <\/p>\n

Detajet e teknologjis\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nT\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb risit\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb Wi-Fi 7.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Protokolli i ri i nivelit fizik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvillim i protokollit Wi-Fi 6 me nj\u00eb rritje dyfish t\u00eb gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb brezit deri n\u00eb 320 MHz, dyfishimin e numrit t\u00eb kanaleve hap\u00ebsinore MU-MIMO<\/b>, q\u00eb rrit kapacitetin nominal t\u00eb kalimit n\u00eb 2×2 = 4 her\u00eb. Wi-Fi 7 gjithashtu fillon t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb modulatimin 4K-QAM<\/b>, q\u00eb shton 20% m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb kapacitetin nominal. K\u00ebshtu, Wi-Fi 7 do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nominale transferimi 2x2x1.2 = 4.8 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb krahasuar me Wi-Fi 6: kapaciteti maksimal nominal i Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb 9.6 Gbit\/s x 4.8 = 46 Gbit\/s. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim revolucionar n\u00eb protokollin e nivelit fizik, i lidhur me sigurimin e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me versionet e ardhshme t\u00eb Wi-Fi, por ai do t\u00eb mbetet i pahetuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. <\/li>\n
  2. Ndryshimi i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb kanal p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aplikacioneve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale<\/b> do t\u00eb zhvillohet duke marr\u00eb parasysh p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e IEEE 802 TSN p\u00ebr rrjetet e kabllit. Diskutimet e vazhdueshme n\u00eb komitetin e standardizimit lidhen me procedur\u00ebn e vones\u00ebs rast\u00ebsore n\u00eb qasje n\u00eb kanal, kategorit\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb trafikut dhe, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, radh\u00ebt e ndara p\u00ebr trafikun n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, si dhe politikat e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb paketave.<\/li>\n
  3. E futur n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) OFDMA <\/b>\u2013 nj\u00eb metod\u00eb e qasjes n\u00eb kanal e ndar\u00eb sipas koh\u00ebs dhe frekuenc\u00ebs (e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb rrjetet 4G dhe 5G) \u2013 ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje optimale t\u00eb burimeve. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb 11ax OFDMA nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft fleksibile. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, lejon pik\u00ebn e qasjes t\u00eb alokoj\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisjen klient vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb bllok burimesh me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar paraprakisht. N\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, nuk mb\u00ebshtet transmetimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb midis stacioneve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebto disavantazhe ul efektivitetin spektral. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mungesa e fleksibilitetit e trash\u00ebguar nga OFDMA Wi-Fi 6 p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson performanc\u00ebn n\u00eb rrjetet e dendura dhe rrit vones\u00ebn, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr aplikacionet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale. 11be do t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb k\u00ebto probleme t\u00eb OFDMA.<\/li>\n
  4. Nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet revolucionare t\u00eb miratuara n\u00eb Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje e nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e shum\u00eb lidhjeve paralele n\u00eb frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme<\/b>, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe vonesa jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Megjith\u00ebse chipsetet moderne tashm\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin disa lidhje nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb bandat 2.4 dhe 5 GHz, k\u00ebto lidhje jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura, gj\u00eb q\u00eb kufizon efikasitetin e nj\u00eb operacioni t\u00eb till\u00eb. N\u00eb 11be do t\u00eb gjendet nj\u00eb nivel i till\u00eb sinkronizimi midis kanaleve, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive burimet e kanalit dhe do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb rregullat e protokollit t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb kanal.<\/li>\n
  5. P\u00ebrdorimi i kanaleve shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjera dhe nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore \u00e7on n\u00eb problem t\u00eb kostove t\u00eb larta q\u00eb lidhen me procedur\u00ebn e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit, e nevojshme p\u00ebr MIMO dhe OFDMA. K\u00ebto kostot anashkalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimin nga rritja e shpejt\u00ebsive nominale t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Pritet q\u00eb procedura e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit t\u00eb rishikohet<\/b>.<\/li>\n
  6. N\u00eb kontekstin e Wi-Fi 7, n\u00eb komitetin p\u00ebr standardizim po diskutohet p\u00ebrdorimi i disa metodave \"t\u00eb avancuara\" t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. N\u00eb teori, k\u00ebto metoda rrisin efikasitetin spektral n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjeve t\u00eb d\u00ebrgesave, si dhe gjat\u00eb transmetimeve t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim ose n\u00eb drejtime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn hibride automatike t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes (HARQ), q\u00eb tani p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb rrjetet celulare, p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn full-duplex dhe p\u00ebr qasjen e shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb joortogonale (NOMA). K\u00ebto metoda jan\u00eb studiuar mir\u00eb n\u00eb literatur\u00eb nga ana teorike, megjithat\u00eb ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse rritja e performanc\u00ebs q\u00eb ato ofrojn\u00eb do ta justifikoj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr implementimin e tyre. \n