{"id":81375,"date":"2020-05-13T01:42:22","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T23:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be"},"modified":"2020-05-13T01:42:22","modified_gmt":"2020-05-12T23:42:22","slug":"chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-nas-zhdet-v-wi-fi-7-ieee-802-11be","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb na pret me Wi-Fi 7, IEEE 802.11be?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb treg dol\u00ebn pajisje q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin teknologjin\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flitet shum\u00eb. Por pak njer\u00ebz e din\u00eb se tani po zhvillohet brez i ri i teknologjis\u00eb Wi-Fi \u2014 Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb flasim se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb Wi-Fi 7.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Historia e m\u00ebparshme<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb Shtator 2020, ne do t\u00eb festojm\u00eb 30-vjetorin e projektit IEEE 802.11, i cili ka ndikuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Aktualisht, teknologjia Wi-Fi, e cila p\u00ebrcaktohet nga familja e standardeve IEEE 802.11, \u00ebsht\u00eb teknologjia m\u00eb e popullarizuar pa tel, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me internetin: Wi-Fi transmeton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysm\u00ebn e trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve. Nd\u00ebrsa teknologjit\u00eb e celular\u00ebve b\u00ebjn\u00eb ribrandim \u00e7do dekad\u00eb, duke z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar emrin 4G me 5G, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Wi-Fi, rritja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb transferimit, si dhe implementimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe karakteristikave t\u00eb reja ndodhin pothuajse pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re. Vet\u00ebm disa klient\u00eb kujdesen p\u00ebr shkronjat \"n\", \"ac\" ose \"ax\" q\u00eb ndjekin \"802.11\" n\u00eb ambalazhet e pajisjeve. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se Wi-Fi nuk po zhvillohet.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga provat e zhvillimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi \u00ebsht\u00eb rritja e theksuar e shpejt\u00ebsive nominale t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: nga 2 Mbit\/s n\u00eb versionin e vitit 1997 deri n\u00eb pothuajse 10 Gbit\/s n\u00eb standardin m\u00eb t\u00eb ri 802.11ax, i njohur gjithashtu si Wi-Fi 6. Wi-Fi modern arrin k\u00ebt\u00eb rritje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs fal\u00eb struktura m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta t\u00eb sinjaleve dhe kodeve, kanaleve m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb teknologjive. MIMO<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 fokusit kryesor n\u00eb rrjetet lokale pa tel me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, evolucion i Wi-Fi p\u00ebrfshin disa projekte ni\u00e7\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur Wi-Fi n\u00eb tregun e internetit pa tel p\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat. Wi-Fi n\u00eb gam\u00ebn milimetrike (802.11ad\/ay) mb\u00ebshtet shpejt\u00ebsi nominale transferimi deri n\u00eb 275 Gbit\/s, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb distanca shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n

Aplikacionet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e reja t\u00eb lidhura me transmetimet video me definition t\u00eb lart\u00eb, realitetin virtual dhe t\u00eb zgjeruar, lojrat, zyrat n\u00eb distanc\u00eb dhe llogarit\u00eb n\u00eb re, si dhe nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrdoruesish me trafik intensiv n\u00eb rrjetet pa tel k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimet e Wi-Fi 7<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb maj 2019, nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-grup i BE (TGbe) i grupit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs 802.11 t\u00eb komitetit p\u00ebr standardizimin e rrjeteve lokale dhe qytetare filloi pun\u00ebn mbi nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr standardin Wi-Fi, q\u00eb do t\u00eb rris\u00eb kapacitetin nominal t\u00eb transmetimit deri n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 Gbit\/s<\/b> n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal frekuence \u2018tipik\u2019 p\u00ebr gam\u00ebn Wi-Fi <= 7 GHz. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb shum\u00eb dokumente p\u00ebrmendet se \u2018kapaciteti maksimal \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 30 Gbit\/s\u2019, protokolli i ri i nivelit fizike do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nominale mbi 40 Gbit\/s. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb drejtim tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i zhvillimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr aplikacione n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale<\/b> (loj\u00ebrat, realiteti virtual dhe i shtuar, menaxhimi i robot\u00ebve). E ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb, ndon\u00ebse Wi-Fi sh\u00ebrben n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr trafikun audio dhe video, \u00ebsht\u00eb besuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb se sigurimi i nj\u00eb vonese t\u00eb garantuar t\u00eb vog\u00ebl (nj\u00ebsi miliseconds), gjithashtu i njohur si Rrjet Pjes\u00eb-T\u00eb-Politikave, n\u00eb rrjetet Wi-Fi \u00ebsht\u00eb themelore e pamundur. N\u00eb n\u00ebntor 2017, ekipi yn\u00eb nga IPPI RAN dhe HSE (mos e konsideroni si publicitet) paraqiti nj\u00eb propozim p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs n\u00eb grupin IEEE 802.11. Propozimi t\u00ebrhoqi interes t\u00eb madh dhe n\u00eb korrik 2018, u lan\u00e7ua nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-grup special p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh se p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aplikacioneve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale nevojiten si shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb larta nominale t\u00eb transmetimit, ashtu edhe zgjerim t\u00eb funksionalitetit t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb kanaleve, grupi i pun\u00ebs 802.11 vendosi t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb metoda p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aplikacioneve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale brenda Wi-Fi 7.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb lidhet me Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetesa e tij me teknologjit\u00eb e rrjeteve celulare (4G\/5G), t\u00eb zhvilluara nga 3GPP dhe q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat blloqe frekuencash t\u00eb pa licencuara. K\u00ebtu flitet p\u00ebr LTE-LAA\/NR-U. P\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb lidhen me bashk\u00ebjetes\u00ebn e Wi-Fi dhe rrjeteve celulare, IEEE 802.11 lan\u00e7oi Komitetin e Q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb (Coex SC). Pavar\u00ebsisht nga takimet e shumta dhe madje nj\u00eb seminar i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt i pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve t\u00eb 3GPP dhe IEEE 802.11 n\u00eb korrik 2019 n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, zgjidhjet teknike akoma nuk jan\u00eb miratuar. Nj\u00eb shpjegim i mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb aktivitet t\u00eb paproduktive \u00ebsht\u00eb se si IEEE 802, ashtu edhe 3GPP nuk d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrshtatur nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr momentin, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse diskutimet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Coex SC do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb standardin Wi-Fi 7<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Procesi i zhvillimit<\/h2>\n

\nMegjith\u00ebse procesi i zhvillimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fazat e tij fillestare, deri m\u00eb tani jan\u00eb paraqitur rreth 500 propozime p\u00ebr funksionalitete t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr Wi-Fi 7, i njohur gjithashtu si IEEE 802.11be. Shumica e ideve jan\u00eb ende n\u00eb diskutim n\u00eb n\u00ebngrupin be dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb ende nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr to. Ide t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb miratuar s\u00eb fundmi. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb tregohen qart\u00eb se cilat propozime jan\u00eb t\u00eb miratuara dhe cilat jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb diskutim.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nFillimisht ishte planifikuar q\u00eb zhvillimi i mekanizmave t\u00eb rinj kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundohej deri n\u00eb mars 2021. Versioni p\u00ebrfundimtar i standardit pritet n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 2024. N\u00eb janar 2020, n\u00eb n\u00ebngrupin 11be u shpreh shqet\u00ebsimi n\u00ebse zhvillimi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhej me grafik\u00ebn sipas ritmit aktual t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar procesin e zhvillimit t\u00eb standardit, n\u00ebngrupi ra dakord t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl funksionesh me prioritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb l\u00ebshohen deri n\u00eb vitin 2021 (L\u00ebshimi 1), nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjerat t\u00eb lihen p\u00ebr L\u00ebshimin 2. Funksionet me prioritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje themelore t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr 320 MHz, 4K-QAM, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb OFDMA nga Wi-Fi 6, MU-MIMO me 16 rrjedha. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb coronavirusit, grupi aktualisht nuk po mblidhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb fizike, por zhvillon rregullisht telekonferenca. Si rezultat, zhvillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsuar disi, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ndalur. <\/p>\n

Detajet rreth teknologjis\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nLe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb risit\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb Wi-Fi 7.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Protokolli i ri i nivelit fizik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvillim i protokollit Wi-Fi 6 me dyfishimin e gjer\u00ebsi s\u00eb brezit n\u00eb 320 MHz, dyfishimin e numrit t\u00eb rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore MU-MIMO<\/b>, which increases the nominal throughput by 2×2 = 4 times. Wi-Fi 7 also starts to use modulation 4K-QAM<\/b>, i cili shton edhe 20% n\u00eb kapacitetin nominal. K\u00ebshtu, Wi-Fi 7 do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nominale transmetimi 2x2x1,2 = 4,8 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb krahasuar me Wi-Fi 6: kapaciteti maksimal nominal i Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb 9,6 Gbit\/s x 4,8 = 46 Gbit\/s. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb ndryshim revolucionar n\u00eb protokollin e nivelit fizik, lidhur me sigurimin e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me versionet e ardhshme t\u00eb Wi-Fi, por kjo do t\u00eb mbetet e padukshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. <\/li>\n
  2. Ndryshimi i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb kanal p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb aplikacioneve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale<\/b> do t'u krye duke marr\u00eb parasysh p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e IEEE 802 TSN p\u00ebr rrjetet me tel. Diskutimet e vazhdueshme n\u00eb komitetin p\u00ebr standardizimin lidhen me procedur\u00ebn e vones\u00ebs rast\u00ebsore n\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb kanal, kategorit\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb trafikut dhe, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, radh\u00ebt e ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr trafikun n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, si dhe politikat e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb paketeve.<\/li>\n
  3. E prezantuar n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) OFDMA <\/b>\u2013 nj\u00eb metod\u00eb e qasjes n\u00eb kanal t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe frekuenc\u00eb (e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb rrjetet 4G dhe 5G) \u2013 ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen optimale t\u00eb burimeve. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb 11ax OFDMA nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft fleksibel. S\u00eb pari, ai lejon pik\u00ebn e qasjes t\u00eb alokoj\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisjen klient vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb bllok burimesh t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar paraprakisht. S\u00eb dyti, ai nuk mb\u00ebshtet transmetimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb midis stacioneve klient\u00eb. T\u00eb dyja k\u00ebto disavantazhe e ulin efikasitetin spektral. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mungesa e fleksibilitetit t\u00eb trash\u00ebguar nga OFDMA e Wi-Fi 6 d\u00ebmton performanc\u00ebn n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb ngjeshura dhe rrit vonesat, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr aplikacionet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale. 11be do t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb k\u00ebto probleme t\u00eb OFDMA.<\/li>\n
  4. Nj\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrrimet revolucionar t\u00eb miratuara t\u00eb Wi-Fi 7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje e brendshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e shum\u00eb lidhjeve paralele n\u00eb frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme<\/b>, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dobishme si p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr vones\u00ebn ekstremisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Megjith\u00ebse \u00e7ipsetet moderne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin tashm\u00eb disa lidhje nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb intervalin 2.4 dhe 5 GHz, k\u00ebto lidhje jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e kufizon efikasitetin e nj\u00eb operacioni t\u00eb till\u00eb. N\u00eb 11be do t\u00eb gjendet nj\u00eb nivel i till\u00eb sinkronizimi midis kanaleve, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin efikas t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb kanalit dhe do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb rregullat e protokollit p\u00ebr aksesin n\u00eb kanal.<\/li>\n
  5. P\u00ebrdorimi i kanaleve shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb shpenzimeve, t\u00eb lidhura me procedur\u00ebn e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit, e nevojshme p\u00ebr MIMO dhe OFDMA. K\u00ebto shpenzime neutralizojn\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb nominale t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Pritet q\u00eb procedura e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit do t\u00eb rishikohet<\/b>.<\/li>\n
  6. N\u00eb kontekstin e Wi-Fi 7, komiteti p\u00ebr standardizimin diskuton p\u00ebrdorimin e disa metodave \"t\u00eb avancuara\" t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. N\u00eb teori, k\u00ebto metoda rrisin efikasitetin spektral n\u00eb rastet e p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura, si dhe gjat\u00eb transmetimeve simultane n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin ose n\u00eb drejtime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn hibride automatike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje (HARQ), e cila p\u00ebrdoret aktualisht n\u00eb rrjetet celulare, p\u00ebr modin full-duplex dhe p\u00ebr aksesin jo-ortogonal t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb (NOMA). K\u00ebto metoda jan\u00eb studiuar mir\u00eb n\u00eb literatur\u00eb teorike, megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e paqart\u00eb n\u00ebse rritja e performanc\u00ebs q\u00eb ato ofrojn\u00eb do t\u00eb justifikoj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e b\u00ebra p\u00ebr realizimin e tyre. \n